2. U. B. Pal and S. C. Singhal, “Electrochemical Vapor deposition of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Films,” Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Hollywood, FL, ECS Publication, (1989), p. 41.

3. A. Hasham, U. B. Pal and G. G. Krishnamurthy, “Investigation of Reduction Rates of Iron Oxides Dissolved in CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 Slags by Fe-C Melts and Determination of Rate Mechanism(s),” EPD Congress ‘92, San Diego, CA, TMS Publication, (1992), p. 847.

4. F. Patsiogiannis, U. B. Pal and R. Bogan, “Kinetic Studies on the Deoxidation of Low Carbon Steel with Al and Fe-Al,” EPD Congress ‘92, San Diego, CA, TMS Publication, (1992), p. 885.

5. U. B. Pal, “Electrochemical Vapor Deposition of Electronic and Ionic Oxide Films,” EPD Congress ‘92, San Diego, CA, TMS Publication, (1992), p. 1161.

6. S. Yuan, K. C. Chou and U. B. Pal, “Refining Molten Metals Using Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Electrolyte,” Proceedings of the NSF Design and Manufacturing Systems Conference, Charlotte, NC, SME Publication, (1993), p. 413.

7. F. Patsiogiannis and U. B. Pal, “Kinetic Studies on the Desulfurization of Al-Killed Low C Steel Using Synthetic Fluxes,” EPD Congress ‘93, Denver, CO, TMS Publication, (1993), p. 605.

8. S. Yuan, K. C. Chou and U. B. Pal, “A New Method for Refining Molten Metals,” EPD Congress ‘93, Denver, CO, TMS Publication, (1993), p. 775.

9. U. B. Pal, G. G. Krishnamurthy and A. Hasham, “Rapid and Complete Removal of Carbon from Fe-C Droplets by FeO-Containing Slags,” Ironmaking Conference Proceedings, Dallas, TX, ISS Publication, (1993), p. 371.

10. F. Patsiogiannis and U. B. Pal, “Kinetic Studies on the Deoxidation and Desulfurization of Aluminum-Killed Low Carbon Steel Using Synthetic Fluxes,” Steelmaking Conference Proceedings, Dallas, TX, ISS Publication, (1993), p. 697.

11. K. C. Chou, S. Yuan and U. B. Pal, “Deposition, Electrical Conductivity and Porosity Measurement of Ni-ZrO2 Cermet Electrodes,” Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Honolulu, Hawaii, ECS Publication, (1993), p. 431.

12. S. Yuan, Z. Hasham, U. B. Pal and K. C. Chou, “Molten Metal Deoxidation by Short Circuiting Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Electrolyte Cell,” Proceedings of the NSF Design and Manufacturing Systems Conference, Boston, MA, SME Publication, (1994), p. 473.

13. S. Yuan, U. B. Pal and K. C. Chou, "Analysis of Deoxidation of Molten Metals Using Fast Ion Conductor and Short-Circuiting Method," San Francisco, CA, EPD Congress ‘94, TMS Publication, (1994), p. 1097.

14. S. Yuan, Z. Hasham, U. B. Pal and K. C. Chou, "Deoxidation of Molten Metals Using Short-Circuited Fast Ion Conductors," Proceedings of the 2nd. Intl. Symp. on Metall. Processes for the Year 2000 and Beyond, San Diego, CA, TMS Publication, (1994), p. 401.

15. S. Yuan and U. B. Pal, "Inclusion Free Refining of Molten Metals," Proceedings of the NSF Design and Manufacturing Systems Conference, La Jolla, CA, SME Publication, (1995), p. 473.

16. S. Seetharaman and U. B. Pal, "Evaluation of the Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Catalytic Steam Reforming Over SOFC Anode Materials," Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Yokohama, Japan, ECS Publication, (1995), p. 829.

17. U. B. Pal, S. Yuan and S. Britten, “New Applications of Ceramic Conductors in Process Metallurgy,” Proceedings of the NSF Design and Manufacturing Conference, Tucson, AZ, SME Publication, (1996), p. 417.

18. A. Powell, J. Van Den Avyle, B. Damkroger and U. B. Pal, “Prospects for Ti Alloy Composition Control by E- Beam Scan Frequency Manipulation,” Proceedings of the Conference EBM&R State of the Art 1996, (1996), p.138.

19. S. Britten, V. Stancovski and U. B. Pal, “Amperometric Sensor for the In-Situ Monitoring of Composition and Transport Properties in Metallurgical Slags,” Proceedings of the Symposium on Sensors and Modelling in Materials Processing, Orlando, FL, TMS Publication, (1997), p. 345.

20. D. Woolley, H. Larson and U. B. Pal, “Environmentally Conscious Plasma Arc Processes for Enhanced Metal Production,” Proceedings of the NSF Design and Manufacturing Conference, Seattle, WA, SME Publication, (1997), p. 367.

21. S. Britten, V. Stancovski and U. B. Pal, “Solid State Current-Potential Sweep Sensor for In-Situ Monitoring of Composition and Transport Properties in Metallurgical Slags,” Proceedings of the NSF Design and Manufacturing Conference, Seattle, WA, SME Publication, (1997), p. 373.

22. A. Powell, J. Van Den Avyle, and U. B. Pal, “Optical Beam Pattern to Maximize Inclusion Residence in an E-Beam Melting Hearth, "Proceedings of the 1997 International Symposium on Liquid Metal Processing and Casting", Sante Fe, NM, AVS Publication (1997), p. 78.

23. S. Sridhar, V. Stancovski and U. B. Pal, “ Effect of Direct Current on Oxygen Transfer across YSZ-Pt Interfaces,” Proceedings of the 5th International Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Symposium, Aachen, Germany, ECS Publication, (1997), p. 500.

24. P. Soral, U. B. Pal and W. L. Worrell, “Comparison of Power Densities and Chemical-Potential Variation in SOFCs with Multi-Layer and Single-Layer Oxide Electrolytes,”Proceedings of the 5th International Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Symposium, Aachen, Germany, ECS Publication, (1997), p. 264.

25. D. E. Woolley, H. R. Larson, U. B. Pal and A. McLean, “Rate and Mechanism of the Reduction of Multi-Valent Iron Oxide From Slag,” San Antonio, TX, EPD Congress ‘98, TMS Publication, (1998), p. 611.

26. S. B. Britten and U. B. Pal, “Solid-State Amperometric Sensor for the In-Situ Monitoring of the Composition and Transport Properties of High Temperature Metallurgical Slags,” San Antonio, TX, EPD Congress ‘98, TMS Publication, (1998), p. 859.

27. D. E. Woolley, H. R. Larson and U. B. Pal, “Electrochemically Enhanced Reactions between Iron Oxide in Slag and Carbon in Liquid Iron,” Toronto Canada, 1998 ICSTI/Ironmaking Conference Proceedings, ISS Publication, (1998), p. 1357.

28. S. B. Britten and U. B. Pal, “Solid-State Amperometric Sensor for the In-Situ Monitoring of the Composition and Transport Properties of High Temperature Metallurgical Slags,” Toronto Canada, 1998 ICSTI/Ironmaking Conference Proceedings, ISS Publication, (1998), p. 1403.

29. D. Woolley, H. Larson and U. B. Pal, “Environmentally Conscious Plasma Arc Processes for Enhanced Metal Production,” Proceedings of the NSF Design and Manufacturing Conference, Monterrey, Mexico, SME Publication, (1998), p. 445.

30. S. B. Britten and U. B. Pal, “Solid-State Amperometric Sensor for the In-Situ Monitoring of the Composition and Transport Properties of High Temperature Metallurgical Slags,” Proceedings of the NSF Design and Manufacturing Conference, Monterrey, Mexico, SME Publication, (1998), p. 553.

31. D. Woolley, U. B. Pal, “Environmentally Conscious Plasma Arc Processes for Enhanced Metal Production,” Proceedings of the NSF Design and Manufacturing Conference, Long Beach, CA, SME Publication, (1999), CD-ROM.

32. U. B. Pal, “Solid State Amperometric Sensor for In-Situ Monitoring of Compositions and Transport Properties in Multi-component Oxide Melts,” Proceedings of the NSF Design and Manufacturing Conference, Long Beach, CA, SME Publication, (1999), CD-ROM.

33. D. Woolley and U. B. Pal, “Detailed mechanistic analysis of the kinetics of reactions between iron oxides in slag and carbon in liquid iron,” 58th Ironmaking Conference Proceedings, Chicago, IL, ISS Publication, (1999), p. 413.

34. W. P. Chernicoff, C. J. MacDonald and U. B. Pal, “Electroslag Remelting (ESR) Slags for Removal of Radioactive Oxide Contaminants from Stainless Steel,” Global Symposium on Recycling, Waste Treatment and Clean Technology, San Sebastian, Spain, TMS Publication, (1999), p. 803.

35. S. A. MacDonald and U. B. Pal, “Electric-Field Enhanced Metal Production,” Proceedings of the NSF Design and Manufacturing Conference, Vancouver, Canada, SME Publication, (2000), CD-ROM.

36. D. E. Woolley, U. B. Pal and G. B. Kenney, “SOM Technology for Direct Reduction of Magnesium from its oxide”, Proceedings of the Symposium on Magnesium, Nashville, TN, TMS Annual Meeting, TMS Publication, (2000), p. 405.

37. D. E. Woolley, U. B. Pal and G. B. Kenney, “Electrowinning Magnesium Metal from MgCL2-NdOCl Melt Using SOM Technology”, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Molten Salts, Slags and Fluxes, Stockholm, Sweden, ISS-TMS Publication, (2000), CD-ROM.

38. D. E. Woolley and U.B. Pal, “Enhancing the Rate of Slag-Metal Reactions in Iron and Steelmaking”, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Molten Salts, Slags and Fluxes, Stockholm, Sweden, ISS-TMS Publication, (2000), CD-ROM.

39. A. Patnailk, A. Jha, C. Schumaker, U. B. Pal and V. K. Sarin, "Low Cost Processing Technology for Solid-State Devices," Proceedings of the 14th Annual Conference on Fossil Energy Materials, ORNL, (2000), p.31.

40. S. M. MacDonald, and U. B. Pal, "Environmentally Conscious Plasma Arc Processes for Enhanced Metal Production," Proceedings of the NSF Design and Manufacturing Conference, Tampa, Fl, SME Publication, (2001), CD-ROM.

41. U. B. Pal, S. A. MacDonald, D. W. Woolley, A.C. Powell and C. P. Manning, "Enhancing Electrochemical Reactions in Smelting and Refining Operations," 2001 Electric Furnace Conference Proceedings, ISS publication, pp.323-336 (2001).

42. U. B. Pal, S. M. MacDonald, and C. P. Manning, "Environmentally Conscious Plasma Arc Processes for Enhanced Metal Production," Proceedings of the NSF Design and Manufacturing Conference, San Juan, Puerto Rico, SME Publication, (2002), CD-ROM.

43. U.B. Pal, T. Keenan, A. Krishnan, W.C. Chernicoff, J. Van Den Avyle, M.A. Molecke and D. Melgaard, "Behavior of Ceria as an Actinide Surrogate in Electro-Slag Remelting and Refining Slags", EPD Congress and Adv. Matls. for Energy Conv., TMS, 2002, pp. 359-373.

44. U.B. Pal, D.E. Woolley, A. Krishnan, T. Keenan C.P. Manning and G.B. Kenney, "Solid-Oxide-Oxygen-Ion-Conducting Membrane (SOM) Technology for Green Synthesis of Magnesium from Its Oxides", Magnesium Technology 2002, TMS, 2002, pp. 19-24.

45. U. B. Pal, A. Krishnan, T. Keenan, C. P. Manning, "Solid-Oxide-Oxygen-Ion-Conducting Membrane (SOM) Technology for Green Synthesis of Metals from Its Oxides", Proceedings of the High Temperature Materials Symposium in Honor of the 65th Birthday of Professor Wayne L. Worrell, ECS, 2002, pp. 94-101.

46. U.B. Pal, A. Krishnan, and C.P. Manning, "Zirconia-Based Inert Anodes for Green Electro-synthesis of Metals and Alloys", Proceedings of the Yazawa International Symposium on Metallurgical and Materials Processing, TMS, 2003, pp. 351-364.

47. U.B. Pal, A. Krishnan, S. Sen, and C.P. Manning, "Zirconia-Based Inert Anodes for Green Processing of Metals and Alloys", EPD Congress, TMS, 2004, p.57.

48. A. Krishnan, X.G. Lu and U.B. Pal, "Solid Oxide Membrane (SOM) Technology for Cost-Effective and Environmentally Sound Production of Metals and Alloys from their Oxide Sources", EPD Congress, TMS, 2005, p.455.

49. A. Krishnan, X.G. Lu and U.B. Pal, "Solid Oxide Membrane (SOM) for Cost Effective and Environmentally Sound Production of Magnesium directly from Magnesium Oxide", Magnesium Technology 2005, TMS, 2005, p. 7.

50. W. Gong, S. Gopalan, and U. B. Pal, "Materials for Intermediate Temperature (600-800 C) Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Based on Doped Lanthanum-Gallate Electrolyte", Proceedings of the IX International Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Symposium, Quebec City, Canada, ECS Publication, (2005), p. 419.

51. GuoshenYe, Feng Ju, C. Lin, S. Gopalan, U. B. Pal and D. Seccombe, "Low-Cost Single Step Co-Firing Technique for SOFC Manufacturing", Proceedings of the IX International Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Symposium, Quebec City, Canada, ECS Publication, (2005), p. 452.

52. A. Karthikeyan, H. Cui, S. Gopalan, and U. B. Pal, "New MIEC Membranes for Hydrogen Separation", Proceedings of the IX International Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Symposium, Quebec City, Canada, ECS Publication, (2005), p. 1172.

53. A. Krishnan, X.G Lu, U.B. Pal, ans A. W. McClaine, "Magnesium-Hydride Slurry Technology for Hydrogen Storage", Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Boston, MA, MRS Publication, Vol. 837, (2005), N.5.7.1.

54. A.Karthikeyan, H.Cui, S.Gopalan and U.B.Pal, "Oxygen Flux And Process Analysis of Hydrogen Separation From Water Through Mixed Conducting Membrane", Proceedings of the Fall Meeting Page II-11b of the MRS 2005, Symposium A: The Hydrogen Cycle -- Generation, Storage, and Fuel Cell, Vol. 885, (2005), p. 285.

55. H.Cui, A.Karthikeyan, S.Gopalan and U.B.Pal, "Chemical diffusion and hydrogen separation properties of lanthanum ferrite and doped ceria composite mixed conductors", Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Vol. 26( 4), (2005), p. 91.

56. Adam C. Powell, Wanida Pongsaksawad and Uday B. Pal, "Phase Field Modelling of Phase Boundary Shape and Topology Changes due to Electrochemical Reactions in Solid and Liquid Systems", Proceedings of the Sohn International Symposium Adv. Proc. of Metals and Maaterials, Vol. 3, Thermo and Physicochemcial Principles: Special Materials and Aqueous and Electrochemical Processing, TMS Publication, (2006), p. 603.

57. Marko Suput, Rachel DeLucas, Soobhankar Pati, Uday B. Pal and Adam C. Powell, "Solid Oxide Membrane Technology for Environmentally Sound Production of Titanium", Proceedings of the Sohn International Symposium Adv. Proc. of Metals and Maaterials, Vol. 4, New, Improved and Existing Technologies: Non-ferrous Materials Extraction and Processing, TMS Publication, (2006), p. 273.

58. Rachel DeLucas, Guoshen Ye, Marko Suput and Uday B. Pal, "Modelling of Magnesium Extraction from Magnesium Oxide by the Solid Oxide Membrane (SOM) Process", Proceedings of the Sohn International Symposium Adv. Proc. of Metals and Maaterials, Vol. 4, New, Improved and Existing Technologies: Non-ferrous Materials Extraction and Processing, TMS Publication, (2006), p. 285.

59. Rachel DeLucas, Uday Pal, Guoshen Ye and Andrew McLaine, "Cost-effective Magnesium Oxide Recycling For Economic Viability of Magnesium Hydride Slurry Technology for Hydrogen Storage", Proceedings of the Sohn International Symposium Adv. Proc. of Metals and Maaterials, Vol. 7, Industrial Practice, New, Improved and Existing Technologies: Non-ferrous Materials Extraction and Processing, TMS Publication, (2006), p. 561.

60. Adam C. Powell, Wanida Pongsaksawad, and Uday B. Pal, Phase Field Modeling of Phase Boundary Shape and Topology Changes due to Electrochemical Reactions in Solid and Liquid systems, In Shu Yamaguchi, editor, Electrochemicstry and Thermodynamics on Materials Processing for Sustainable Production: Masuko Symposium, Univ. of Tokyo, 2006, p. 793.

61. Kyung Joong Yoon, Peter Zink, Srikanth Gopalan, and Uday B. Pal, "Polarization Analysis in Single-Step Co-fired Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs)", Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings of the Fall 2006 Meeting, Vol. 972, (2007), p. AA 10.

62. Peter A. Zink, Kyung Joong Yoon, Wenhua Huang, Srikanth Gopalan, Uday B. Pal, Donald A. Seccombe, Jr., "Refractory Cathode Investigation for Single Step Co-fired Solid Oxide Fuel Cells", Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings of the Fall 2006 Meeting, Vol. 972, AA 03-12 (2007).

63. Kyung Joong Yoon, Wenhua Huang, Guosheng Ye, Srikanth Gopalan and Uday B. Pal, "Electrochemical Performance of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) Manufactured by Single Step Co-firing Process", J. Electrochemical Society, vol. 154 (4), 2007, p. B389.

64. Kyung Joong Yoon, Peter Zink, Uday B. Pal, Srikanth Gopalan and Don Seccombe, "High-Performance Low-Cost Single-Step Co-fired SOFCs", ECS Transactions 7, 2007, (1) 579.

65. Kyung Joong Yoon, Srikanth Gopalan and Uday B. Pal, "Anode Polarization Effects in Single Step Cofired SOFCs", ECS Transactions 7, 2007, (1) 565.

66. Kyung Joong Yoon, Wenhua Huang, Srikanth Gopalan and Uday B. Pal, "Refractory Cathode Investigation for Single-Step Co-fired Solid Oxide Fuel Cells(SOFCs)", ECS Transactions 7, 2007, (1) 399.

67. Wenhua Huang, Srikanth Gopalan, Uday B. Pal, and Soumendra Basu, "Oxidation Studies on Crofer 22 APU Alloy Under Simulated SOFC Operating Conditions", ECS Transactions 7, 2007, (1) 2379.

68. Kyung Joong Yoon, Srikanth Gopalan, Uday B. Pal, “Effect of Anode Active Layer on Performance of Single Step Co-fired Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs),” ECS Transactions, 2008, Vol. 13 (26) 249.

69. Kyung Joong Yoon, Srikanth Gopalan, Uday B. Pal, “Electrochemical Performance of Single Step Co-Fired Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) Analyzed Using Polarization Modeling and Impedance Spectroscopy,” Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings of the Fall 2008 Meeting, Vol. 1126, S10-02.

70. Peter A. Zink, Kyung Joong Yoon, Uday B. Pal, Srikanth Gopalan, “Electrical Performance of Calcium-doped Lanthanum Ferrite for Use in Single Step Co-Fired Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs),” Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings of the Fall 2008 Meeting, Vol. 1126, S11-02.

71. S. Pati, M. Suput, R. Delucas, and U. Pal, "Solid Oxide Membrane Process for Calcium Production Directly from Its Oxide," EPD Congress, S.M. Howard, ed., TMS, Warrendale, PA, 2008, pp.121-26.

72. S. Pati, R. DeLucas, A. Powell and U. Pal, "Magnesiothermic Reduction of Titanium Oxide Using the Solid Oxide Membrane Process," Magnesium Technology 2008, pp. 33-38