| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Ali AlHaqwi |
| Abstract | BACKGROUND:This study was conducted to examine the perception and views of medical students regarding the extent of alcohol and substance abuse in the community and the possible predisposing factors for this problem.METHODS:It is a cross-sectional study involving samples from two medical colleges in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The students who decided to participate in the study without the offer of any incentives filled an anonymous, self administered questionnaire which had been designed to meet the purpose of the study. RESULTS:Two hundred and fifteen out of three hundred and thirty students (65% response rate) participated in this study. About 75% of them believe that alcohol and substance abuse is a common problem in the community. Students' views also correspond with the reported view that the problem is mainly present in young adult males. Married males and senior students perceived the problem as more serious than their other colleagues. Students perceived that alcohol was the most commonly abused drug in the community, followed by amphetamines, heroin, cannabis and cocaine. They believe that influence of friends, life stressors, tobacco smoking and curiosity are the most important predisposing factors for abuse of alcohol and other substances. According to the students' perception, the main beneficial effect of alcohol and substance abuse was stress alleviation. About 3% of the students have also indicated that they may use alcohol or some other substance in the future.CONCLUSION:Despite scarce information on the subject and a strong religious belief in Saudi Arabia against the use of alcohol and other addictive substances, a significant majority of the medical students in Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia, perceived that alcohol and substance abuse is a common problem in the community. Some students appear to perceive the seriousness of the problem less than others. Efforts are needed to educate young men and women at an early stage of their academic life, as a medical student about the existence of this problem in the community, its consequences and predisposing factors. Teaching teenagers and young adults about stress coping strategies may be of special importance in reducing the risk of alcohol and substance abuse. |
| Publication | Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy |
| Volume | 5 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 2 |
| Date | 2010 |
| DOI | 10.1186/1747-597X-5-2 |
| ISSN | 1747-597X |
| Short Title | Perception among medical students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, regarding alcohol and substance abuse in the community |
| URL | http://www.substanceabusepolicy.com/content/5/1/2 |
| Accessed | Tue Feb 23 06:48:18 2010 |
| Library Catalog | BioMed Central and More |
| Date Added | Thu Sep 29 09:04:35 2011 |
| Modified | Thu Sep 29 09:04:35 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Hamid Allahverdipour |
| Author | Mohsen Bazargan |
| Author | Abdollah Farhadinasab |
| Author | Alireza Hidarnia |
| Author | Saeed Bashirian |
| Abstract | The prevalence of substance abuse among adolescents from low- and middle-income countries is increasing drastically and requires immediate intervention. The objective of this longitudinal quasi-experimental panel study was to design and implement a skill-based intervention to prevent and reduce substance use among urban adolescents who attended 2 randomly selected high-schools in Tehran, Iran. One-year post intervention data show that substance abuse, knowledge, attitudes, peer resistance skills, level of self-control, self-efficacy, and perceived susceptibility among intervention group were significantly improved, whereas level of self control and attitudes against substance abuse among the control group deteriorated. To efficiently prevent substance abuse among youth primary preventive interventions should be implemented before onset of substance abuse to improve resistance skills and provide adolescents with information and skills needed to develop anti-drug norms. |
| Publication | Journal of Drug Education |
| Volume | 39 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 211-222 |
| Date | 2009 |
| Journal Abbr | J Drug Educ |
| ISSN | 0047-2379 |
| Short Title | Effectiveness of skill-based substance abuse intervention among male adolescents in an Islamic country |
| Accessed | Fri Jan 29 11:01:12 2010 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 19999706 |
| Date Added | Thu Sep 29 09:04:02 2011 |
| Modified | Thu Sep 29 09:04:02 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Hortensia Amaro |
| Author | Cielo Magno-Gatmaytan |
| Author | Michael Meléndez |
| Author | Dharma E Cortés |
| Author | Sandra Arevalo |
| Author | Arthur Margolin |
| Abstract | Spiritual Self-Schema (3-S) is a weekly 8-session, mindfulness-based, manual-guided, individual intervention targeting addiction and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk behaviors that integrates cognitive behavioral strategies with Buddhist principles and clients' religious/spiritual beliefs. 3-S is efficacious for reducing drug use and HIV risk behaviors among mixed-gender, methadone-maintained outpatients. The study goal was to conduct a preliminary evaluation of 3-S therapy among urban, low-income Latinas (n = 13) in residential addiction treatment. Data gathered via in-person interviews (baseline, 8 and 20 weeks postentry) showed high rates of 3-S acceptability and positive changes in a number of outcomes relevant to recovery from addiction and to HIV prevention, including impulsivity, spirituality, motivation for change, and HIV prevention knowledge. The study findings are promising; however, a controlled study with longer follow-up is needed to rigorously assess the efficacy of 3-S therapy with Latinas in substance abuse treatment. |
| Publication | Substance Abuse: Official Publication of the Association for Medical Education and Research in Substance Abuse |
| Volume | 31 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 117-125 |
| Date | Apr 2010 |
| Journal Abbr | Subst Abus |
| DOI | 10.1080/08897071003641602 |
| ISSN | 1547-0164 |
| Short Title | Addiction treatment intervention |
| Accessed | Sun Apr 25 17:27:24 2010 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 20408063 |
| Date Added | Thu Sep 29 09:04:35 2011 |
| Modified | Thu Sep 29 09:04:35 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Sandra Arévalo |
| Author | Guillermo Prado |
| Author | Hortensia Amaro |
| Abstract | PURPOSE: To examine the role of spirituality, sense of coherence, and coping responses in relation to stress and trauma symptoms among women in substance abuse treatment. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING: Data for the present analyses were obtained from baseline interviews of 393 women in an urban area of Massachusetts. Interviews were conducted from April 2003 to September 2006. Participants came from four substance abuse treatment programs (three residential and one outpatient) participating in the Mother's Hope, Mind and Spirit Study, an evaluation of an intervention funded by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMSHA). PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Stress was significantly associated with drug addiction severity and trauma symptoms were significantly related to alcohol addiction severity. Spirituality, sense of coherence, and coping responses did not mediate the relationship between perceived stress, and posttraumatic stress, and alcohol and drug addiction severity. However, negative and significant associations were found between perceived stress and spirituality, sense of coherence and coping responses, and between posttraumatic stress symptomatology and sense of coherence. CONCLUSION: Enhanced substance abuse treatments that increase spirituality, sense of coherence, and coping responses may be beneficial in helping women in substance abuse treatment to manage stress and posttraumatic stress symptoms. However, further research is needed to identify the pathways through which spirituality, sense of coherence and coping responses may mediate the effects of stress and posttraumatic stress symptoms on alcohol and drug addiction severity. |
| Publication | Evaluation and Program Planning |
| Volume | 31 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 113-123 |
| Date | Feb 2008 |
| Journal Abbr | Eval Program Plann |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2007.05.009 |
| ISSN | 1873-7870 |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17825910 |
| Accessed | Fri Nov 13 17:55:08 2009 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 17825910 |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
Purpose: To examine the role of spirituality, sense of coherence, and coping responses in relation to stress and trauma symptoms among women in substance abuse treatment. PRINCIPAL Findings: Stress was significantly associated with drug addiction severity and trauma symptoms were significantly related to alcohol addiction severity. Spirituality, sense of coherence, and coping responses did not mediate the relationship between perceived stress, and posttraumatic stress, and alcohol and drug addiction severity.
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | RuthM Arnold |
| Author | S Kelly Avants |
| Author | Arthur Margolin |
| Author | David Marcotte |
| Abstract | The purpose of this exploratory study was 3-fold: (a) to determine how 'spirituality' is defined by inner-city HIV-positive drug users; (b) to determine perceived relationships between spirituality and abstinence, harm reduction, and health promotion; and (c) to assess interest in a spirituality-based intervention. Opioid-dependent patients enrolled in an inner-city methadone maintenance program participated in the study; 21 participated in focus groups and 47 completed a questionnaire. In the focus groups, two predominant themes emerged: spirituality as a source of strength/protection of self, and spirituality as a source of altruism/protection of others. A large majority of the larger sample expressed an interest in receiving spirituality-focused treatment, reporting that such an intervention would be helpful for reducing craving and HIV risk behavior, following medical recommendations, and increasing hopefulness. African American women perceived spirituality as more helpful in their recovery than did African American men. |
| Publication | Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment |
| Volume | 23 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 319-326 |
| Date | Dec 2002 |
| Journal Abbr | J Subst Abuse Treat |
| ISSN | 0740-5472 |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12495793 |
| Accessed | Thu Nov 12 23:03:08 2009 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 12495793 |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
The purpose of this exploratory study was 3-fold: (a) to determine how ‘spirituality’ is defined by inner-city HIV-positive drug users; (b) to determine perceived relationships between spirituality and abstinence, harm reduction, and health promotion; and (c) to assess interest in a spirituality-based intervention.
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Randolph G Atkins |
| Author | James E Hawdon |
| Abstract | Mutual-aid support groups play a vital role in substance abuse treatment in the United States. A national survey of mutual-aid support groups for addiction was conducted to identify key differences between participants in recovery groups. Survey data indicate that active involvement in support groups significantly improves one's chances of remaining clean and sober, regardless of the group in which one participates. Respondents whose individual beliefs better matched those of their primary support groups showed greater levels of group participation, resulting in better outcomes as measured by increased number of days clean and sober. Religious respondents were more likely to participate in 12-step groups and Women for Sobriety. Nonreligious respondents were significantly less likely to participate in 12-step groups. Religiosity had little impact on SMART Recovery participation but actually decreased participation in Secular Organizations for Sobriety. These results have important implications for treatment planning and matching individuals to appropriate support groups. |
| Publication | Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment |
| Volume | 33 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 321-331 |
| Date | Oct 2007 |
| Journal Abbr | J Subst Abuse Treat |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jsat.2007.07.001 |
| ISSN | 0740-5472 |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17889302 |
| Accessed | Fri Nov 13 17:57:48 2009 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 17889302 |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
A national survey of mutual-aid support groups for addiction was conducted to identify key differences between participants in recovery groups. Survey data indicate that active involvement in support groups significantly improves one’s chances of remaining clean and sober, regardless of the group in which one participates. Respondents whose individual beliefs better matched those of their primary support groups showed greater levels of group participation.
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Mark Beitel |
| Author | Marla Genova |
| Author | Zev Schuman-Olivier |
| Author | Ruth Arnold |
| Author | S Kelly Avants |
| Author | Arthur Margolin |
| Abstract | A manual-guided, spirituality-focused intervention--spiritual self-schema (3-S) therapy--for the treatment of addiction and HIV-risk behavior was developed as part of a Stage I behavioral therapies development project. It is theoretically grounded in cognitive and Buddhist psychologies and may be suitable for individuals of diverse faiths. The therapy development process began with focus groups to assess addicted clients' perceived need for a spirituality-focused intervention. The therapy was then codified in manual format, and a controlled clinical trial was conducted. Here the authors report on inner-city, methadone-maintained clients' personal experiences that were recorded in semistructured interviews following completion of the therapy. Findings from this qualitative study support the value of integrating spirituality-focused interventions into addiction treatment for the purpose of increasing motivation for drug abstinence and HIV prevention. |
| Publication | The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry |
| Volume | 77 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 1-9 |
| Date | Jan 2007 |
| Journal Abbr | Am J Orthopsychiatry |
| DOI | 10.1037/0002-9432.77.1.1 |
| ISSN | 0002-9432 |
| Short Title | Reflections by inner-city drug users on a Buddhist-based spirituality-focused therapy |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17352579 |
| Accessed | Fri Nov 13 17:28:21 2009 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 17352579 |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
A manual-guided, spirituality-focused intervention--spiritual self-schema (3-S) therapy--for the treatment of addiction and HIV-risk behavior was developed as part of a Stage I behavioral therapies development project. It is theoretically grounded in cognitive and Buddhist psychologies and may be suitable for individuals of diverse faiths. THere the authors report on inner-city, methadone-maintained clients’ personal experiences that were recorded in semistructured interviews following completion of the therapy.
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Peter Benson |
| Author | Bernard Spilka |
| Abstract | A cognitive consistency framework was adopted to predict that a believer's level of self-esteem and his location on the locus of control dimension influence his description and definition of God. On a sample of 128 Catholic subjects with approximately identical religious backgrounds, self-esteem was positively related to loving-accepting God-images and negatively to rejecting images. Locus of control was unrelated to controlling beliefs. Statistical and methodological controls were utilized to offer an interpretation that self-esteem may be a major determinant of God-images. It was proposed that these findings have important implications for understanding the dynamics of personal religion. |
| Publication | Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion |
| Volume | 12 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 297-310 |
| Date | Sep., 1973 |
| ISSN | 00218294 |
| URL | http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/1384430 |
| Accessed | Thu Oct 22 22:39:03 2009 |
| Library Catalog | JSTOR |
| Extra | ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Sep., 1973 / Copyright © 1973 Society for the Scientific Study of Religion |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
A cognitive consistency framework was adopted to predict that a believer’s level of self-esteem and his location on the locus of control dimension influence his description and definition of God. On a sample of 128 Catholic subjects with approximately identical religious backgrounds, self-esteem was positively related to loving-accepting God-images and negatively to rejecting images. Locus of control was unrelated to controlling beliefs.
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Laurence Borras |
| Author | Yasser Khazaal |
| Author | Riaz Khan |
| Author | Sylvia Mohr |
| Author | Yves-Alexandre Kaufmann |
| Author | Daniele Zullino |
| Author | Philippe Huguelet |
| Abstract | Spirituality is a topic of increasing interest to clinicians and researchers interested in addiction because its perceived role in the promotion of meaningfulness in the recovery from addiction. Our review of the literature evaluates different domains relative to the relation between addiction, religion, and psychiatric treatment. Spirituality as a protective or precipitating factor for substance use and as a key component of recovery will be debated. Illustrations of its potential and limitations as a component of treatment will be presented. Types of investigation and integration of this dimension in an eventual therapeutic process strictly respecting the needs and specificities of each one will be discussed. |
| Publication | Substance Use & Misuse |
| Volume | 45 |
| Issue | 14 |
| Pages | 2357-2410 |
| Date | Dec 2010 |
| Journal Abbr | Subst Use Misuse |
| DOI | 10.3109/10826081003747611 |
| ISSN | 1532-2491 |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/21039108 |
| Accessed | Tue Jan 18 19:06:17 2011 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 21039108 |
| Date Added | Thu Sep 29 08:58:27 2011 |
| Modified | Thu Sep 29 08:58:27 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Peter Bray |
| Abstract | The literature suggests that spiritual domains of experience may be influential to an individual's growth in the aftermath of stressful life events. This paper explores the role that spiritual experience might play in the process of posttraumatic growth by examining two quite different approaches to transformational growth: Lawrence Calhoun and Richard Tedeschi's posttraumatic growth model; and Stanislav and Christina Grof's framework of psycho-spiritual transformation. Both approaches are briefly outlined, compared and discussed. Some observations are made about their shared understanding of the human potential for growth and the significance of spiritual experience in the struggle to master distressing life events. A further hypothetical model is presented that marries the two approaches and offers the opportunity for individuals in the posttraumatic process and helping professionals to examine their experiences in a broader context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Publication | Mental Health, Religion & Culture |
| Volume | 13 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 293-308 |
| Date | April 2010 |
| DOI | 10.1080/13674670903367199 |
| ISSN | 13674676 |
| Short Title | A broader framework for exploring the influence of spiritual experience in the wake of stressful life events |
| Accessed | Fri May 7 15:27:30 2010 |
| Library Catalog | EBSCOhost |
| Date Added | Thu Sep 29 09:04:35 2011 |
| Modified | Thu Sep 29 09:04:35 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Audrey J Brooks |
| Author | Gary E Schwartz |
| Author | Katie Reece |
| Author | Gerry Nangle |
| Abstract | OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of Johrei healing, a form of energy healing, on substance use and psychologic symptoms in a sample of clients receiving substance abuse treatment. METHODS: Twenty-one (21) persons in residential substance-abuse treatment participated in a randomized, wait-list control pilot study of Johrei healing. Twelve (12) of the participants received three 20-minute Johrei sessions for 5 weeks in addition to their regular treatment. RESULTS: The results are from the first treatment wave. Individual healing sessions were evaluated pre-post with the Johrei Experience Scale. Participants showed significant decreases in stress/depression and physical pain and increases in positive emotional/spiritual state, energy, and overall well-being after an individual Johrei healing session. The Global Assessment of Individual Need (GAIN), Profile of Mood States (POMS), General Alcoholics Anonymous Tools of Recovery, and 12-Step Participation scales were administered before and after the 5-week intervention to assess change in substance use, psychologic distress, mood, and 12-Step participation. Improvements in depression and trauma symptoms, externalizing behaviors (GAIN), and vigor (POMS) were found for the treatment group. Despite comparable 12-Step attendance the treatment group showed greater improvement than the wait-list control group in the use of 12-Step recovery tools. No difference in substance use was found between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Variables related to substance use and relapse showed improvement in the treatment group suggesting that Johrei healing shows promise and should be studied with a larger sample, over a longer treatment period, with sham controls. |
| Publication | Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.) |
| Volume | 12 |
| Issue | 7 |
| Pages | 625-631 |
| Date | Sep 2006 |
| Journal Abbr | J Altern Complement Med |
| DOI | 10.1089/acm.2006.12.625 |
| ISSN | 1075-5535 |
| Short Title | The effect of Johrei healing on substance abuse recovery |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16970532 |
| Accessed | Fri Nov 13 16:52:23 2009 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 16970532 |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of Johrei healing, a form of energy healing, on substance use and psychologic symptoms in a sample of clients receiving substance abuse treatment. Conclusions: Variables related to substance use and relapse showed improvement in the treatment group suggesting that Johrei healing shows promise and should be studied with a larger sample, over a longer treatment period, with sham controls.
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Genc Burazeri |
| Author | Jeremy D. Kark |
| Abstract | OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to assess alcohol consumption and its correlates in Albania, a predominantly Muslim though largely secular Southeast European republic in transition from rigidly structured socialism to a market-oriented system. METHODS: A population-based sample of Tirana residents aged 35-74 years was interviewed and examined in 2003-2006 (450 men and 235 women with data on alcohol intake, 65.5% response). Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was used to assess the association of drinking frequency, quantity and type of drink with socioeconomic, psychosocial and coronary risk characteristics. RESULTS: 30.6% (95%CI=26.3%-34.9%) of men, age-standardized to the 2005 census, and 5.6% (95%CI=2.6%-8.6%) of women reported almost daily intake of alcohol, whereas 17.0% (95%CI=13.4%-20.5%) of men and 46.6% (95%CI=40.2%-53.1%) of women abstained. In men, frequent drinking was positively associated with age and not receiving financial support from close family emigrants, and was strongly inversely related to religious observance in both Muslims and Christians. In women it was associated with smoking and upward social mobility. Alcohol intake was not associated with religious affiliation in either sex. In men, intake of spirits (predominantly raki) and beer were associated with lower socioeconomic indices, smoking and obesity (beer only), whereas wine intake was associated with financial security, being secular, and not smoking. Among men, 11.3% (95%CI=8.3%-14.3%) reported high intakes (> or =210 g of pure alcohol/week) and 6.0% (95%CI=3.8%-8.3%) very high intakes (> or = 420 g/week). High intakes were associated with frequent, rather than episodic, drinking. CONCLUSIONS: Our study may be the first to provide information on alcohol intake and its characteristics in an Albanian population sample, one of the few predominantly Muslim countries in Europe. Alcohol consumption in women was extremely low. However, consistent very heavy intake of alcohol appears to be more frequent among Albanian men than in many former communist countries in Europe, and is cause for concern. |
| Publication | Addictive Behaviors |
| Volume | 35 |
| Issue | 7 |
| Pages | 706-713 |
| Date | Jul 2010 |
| Journal Abbr | Addict Behav |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.03.015 |
| ISSN | 1873-6327 |
| Accessed | Tue Jul 27 12:13:51 2010 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 20381259 |
| Date Added | Thu Sep 29 09:03:23 2011 |
| Modified | Thu Sep 29 09:03:23 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Adam W Carrico |
| Author | Elizabeth V Gifford |
| Author | Rudolf H Moos |
| Abstract | BACKGROUND: Previous investigations have observed that spirituality/religiosity (S/R) is associated with enhanced 12-step involvement. However, relatively few studies have attempted to examine the mechanisms for this effect. For the present investigation, we examined whether acceptance-based responding (ABR) - awareness or acknowledgement of internal experiences that allows one to consider and perform potentially adaptive responses - accounted for the effect of S/R on 12-step self-help group involvement 2 years after a treatment episode. METHODS: Data were collected as part of a multi-site treatment outcome study with 3698 substance-dependent male veterans recruited at baseline. Assessments were conducted at baseline, discharge, 1-year follow-up, and 2-year follow-up. We utilized structural equation modeling to examine the relationships among latent variables of S/R, ABR, and 12-step involvement over time. RESULTS: In the final model, S/R was not directly related to 12-step involvement at 2-year follow-up. However, S/R predicted enhanced ABR at 1-year follow-up after accounting for discharge levels of ABR. In turn, ABR at 1-year follow-up predicted increased 12-step involvement at 2-year follow-up after accounting for discharge levels of 12-step involvement. CONCLUSIONS: S/R promotes the use of post-treatment self-regulation skills that, in turn, directly contribute to ongoing 12-step self-help group involvement. |
| Publication | Drug and Alcohol Dependence |
| Volume | 89 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 66-73 |
| Date | Jun 15, 2007 |
| Journal Abbr | Drug Alcohol Depend |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.12.004 |
| ISSN | 0376-8716 |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17229532 |
| Accessed | Fri Nov 13 17:12:03 2009 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 17229532 |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
For the present investigation, we examined whether acceptance-based responding (ABR) - awareness or acknowledgement of internal experiences that allows one to consider and perform potentially adaptive responses - accounted for the effect of S/R on 12-step self-help group involvement 2 years after a treatment episode. Conclusions: S/R promotes the use of post-treatment self-regulation skills that, in turn, directly contribute to ongoing 12-step self-help group involvement.
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Bei-Hung Chang |
| Author | Elizabeth Sommers |
| Author | Lawrence Herz |
| Abstract | Background & Aims: Substance abuse is a major health problem in the US population, particularly among veterans. Current treatments for substance abuse in the form of pharmacologic, behavioural, or psychosocial therapy can be effective in limited instances. We investigated the effect of using two complementary and alternative approaches, acupuncture and the relaxation response, to treat veterans who are recovering from substance use disorders. Methods: We conducted a controlled trial at a US Veterans Administration homeless residential rehabilitation programme. Study participants were randomly assigned to acupuncture, relaxation response or usual care groups. Results: Both acupuncture and the relaxation response interventions were well received by the veterans with high intervention attendance rates (75% and 80%, respectively). The acupuncture group had significantly greater reductions in craving and anxiety levels and greater improvements in the spirituality dimension of quality of life, while the relaxation response group had significantly greater reductions in anxiety level and greater improvements in mental health and spirituality dimensions of quality of life than usual care. The two intervention groups had no significant difference in any outcome measures. Conclusions: This trial provided promising pilot data for larger studies to validate the effects of acupuncture and the relaxation response for relapse prevention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract) |
| Publication | Journal of Substance Use |
| Volume | 15 |
| Issue | 6 |
| Pages | 390-401 |
| Date | December 2010 |
| DOI | 10.3109/14659890903580466 |
| ISSN | 1465-9891 |
| Library Catalog | EBSCOhost |
| Date Added | Thu Sep 29 08:58:27 2011 |
| Modified | Thu Sep 29 08:58:27 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Benjamin Cheney |
| Author | Marc Galanter |
| Author | Helen Dermatis |
| Author | Stephen Ross |
| Abstract | BACKGROUND: Relapse among patients in substance abuse treatment has generated interest in identifying attitudinal factors that sustain recovery. OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship of attitudes toward approaches to motivation for treatment and Twelve Step beliefs. METHODS: Dually diagnosed patients (N = 100) completed a survey assessing treatment attitudes, motivation, and Twelve Step beliefs. RESULTS: Endorsement of medical services was positively correlated with motivation but unrelated to Twelve Step beliefs. Endorsement of religious services was unrelated to motivation but was associated with Twelve Step beliefs. CONCLUSIONS: Patients may have differing perceptions regarding routes to recovery based on preferences for professional services or spiritual resources. |
| Publication | The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse |
| Volume | 35 |
| Issue | 5 |
| Pages | 301-304 |
| Date | 2009 |
| Journal Abbr | Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse |
| DOI | 10.1080/00952990903060119 |
| ISSN | 1097-9891 |
| Short Title | Medical versus spiritual orientations |
| Accessed | Tue Feb 22 18:42:14 2011 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 19637102 |
| Date Added | Thu Sep 29 09:07:00 2011 |
| Modified | Thu Sep 29 09:07:00 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | G Christo |
| Author | C Franey |
| Abstract | Narcotics Anonymous (NA) is an important support network for drug users emerging from abstinence based treatments. However, the views of NA on 'spirituality' and the 'disease' nature of addiction could be seen as encouraging an external attributional style and have been cited as reasons for non-attendance. After 6 months ninety percent of 101 drug users in treatment were followed up. Narcotics Anonymous attendance was inversely related to drug use for those who had left residential care. We found that spiritual beliefs and disease concept beliefs were not prerequisites for attendance of NA. Spiritual beliefs were not found to cause external attributions for previous drug use or possible future lapse events. It emerged that the most powerful predictors of non-attendance were positive attitudes to the use of alcohol. Treatment implications are discussed. |
| Publication | Drug and Alcohol Dependence |
| Volume | 38 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 51-56 |
| Date | April 1995 |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
After 6 months ninety percent of 101 drug users in treatment were followed up. Narcotics Anonymous attendance was inversely related to drug use for those who had left residential care. We found that spiritual beliefs and disease concept beliefs were not prerequisites for attendance of NA. Spiritual beliefs were not found to cause external attributions for previous drug use or possible future lapse events.
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Doris C Chu |
| Author | Hung-En Sung |
| Abstract | This study examines variations by race in the relationship between religiosity and desistance from substance abuse. Although most studies have included race as a control variable, only a few studies compared the equivalence of associations among religiosity, delinquency, recovery from substance abuse, and other variables between Black and White samples. Using data from the intake and 12-month follow-up survey of the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study, this study examines levels of religious involvement of Black and White drug treatment clients. In addition, it empirically tests whether religious involvement exerts differential effects on Black and White clients' recovery from substance abuse. It was found that Black clients reported higher levels of religious involvement (measured by church attendance) than did White clients. Data indicated that religious behavior at 1-year follow-up was positively associated with Black clients' recovery from substance abuse. In contrast, religious behavior was not a significant predictor of White clients' desistance from substance abuse. Directions for future research and policy implications are discussed. |
| Publication | International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology |
| Volume | 53 |
| Issue | 6 |
| Pages | 696-716 |
| Date | Dec 2009 |
| Journal Abbr | Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol |
| DOI | 10.1177/0306624X08320207 |
| ISSN | 1552-6933 |
| Short Title | Racial differences in desistance from substance abuse |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/18647819 |
| Accessed | Mon Dec 28 13:08:32 2009 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 18647819 |
| Date Added | Thu Sep 29 09:04:55 2011 |
| Modified | Thu Sep 29 09:04:55 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | John K. Cochran |
| Author | Leonard Beeghley |
| Author | E. Wilbur Bock |
| Abstract | This study examines the relationship between religiosity and alcohol use and perceived misuse. Unlike most past research, we focus on adults rather than adolescents and distinguish among specific Protestant denominations. We also use a more appropriate statistical technique and place the findings in a theoretical context. The analysis shows that religiosity is clearly related to alcohol use, mainly because people's religion serves as a reference group influencing their behavior. The analysis also shows that religiosity is not related to perceived misuse of alcohol, mainly because societal norms are congruent with religious norms and, hence, appear to overwhelm any effect of religion. |
| Publication | Sociological Forum |
| Volume | 3 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 256-276 |
| Date | Spring, 1988 |
| ISSN | 08848971 |
| Short Title | Religiosity and Alcohol Behavior |
| URL | http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/684367 |
| Accessed | Fri Oct 30 15:54:34 2009 |
| Library Catalog | JSTOR |
| Extra | ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Spring, 1988 / Copyright © 1988 Springer |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
This study examines the relationship between religiosity and alcohol use and perceived misuse. Unlike most past research, we focus on adults rather than adolescents and distinguish among specific Protestant denominations. We also use a more appropriate statistical technique and place the findings in a theoretical context. The analysis shows that religiosity is clearly related to alcohol use, mainly because people’s religion serves as a reference group influencing their behavior.
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | P Colorado |
| Publication | Arctic Medical Research |
| Volume | 47 Suppl 1 |
| Pages | 598-603 |
| Date | 1988 |
| Journal Abbr | Arctic Med Res |
| ISSN | 0782-226X |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3272696 |
| Accessed | Thu Nov 12 17:08:50 2009 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 3272696 |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Bradley T. Conner |
| Author | M. Douglas Anglin |
| Author | Jeffery Annon |
| Author | Douglas Longshore |
| Abstract | This study empirically tested one component of a comprehensive model of the role of religiosity and spirituality (R/S) in drug treatment that is presented as a companion article in this special issue. Data collected from individuals dependent on heroin receiving narcotic replacement therapy were used to assess the effects of R/S on drug treatment outcomes. Based on their R and S scores, participants were assigned to one of four groups: those whose scores remained consistently high across the 12-month study period were compared to those whose scores were consistently low, increased, or decreased across the same period. Results indicated that at both study completion (12 months after admission) and 6 months after that participants in the consistently high and increasing spirituality groups self-reported significantly fewer days of heroin and cocaine/crack use than those in the consistently low group ( p < 0.05). There were no significant differences among the religiosity groups on self-reported heroin or cocaine/crack use. Results from χ2 analyses indicated that at 12 months the results of urinalysis for the presence of opiates, but not cocaine/crack, were dependent on spirituality group membership ( p < 0.01) but not religiosity group membership. Results also indicated that at the 6-month follow-up, there were significantly more participants in the decreasing group who were not in maintenance treatment who had a positive urinalysis and fewer in the increasing group than would be expected if the two variables were independent ( p < 0.05). Implications for addictions health services are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Publication | Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research |
| Volume | 36 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 189-198 |
| Date | April 2009 |
| DOI | 10.1007/s11414-008-9145-z |
| ISSN | 10943412 |
| Library Catalog | EBSCOhost |
| Date Added | Thu Sep 29 09:06:18 2011 |
| Modified | Thu Sep 29 09:06:18 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Bradley T Conner |
| Author | M Douglas Anglin |
| Author | Jeffery Annon |
| Author | Douglas Longshore |
| Abstract | This study empirically tested one component of a comprehensive model of the role of religiosity and spirituality (R/S) in drug treatment that is presented as a companion article in this special issue. Data collected from individuals dependent on heroin receiving narcotic replacement therapy were used to assess the effects of R/S on drug treatment outcomes. Based on their R and S scores, participants were assigned to one of four groups: those whose scores remained consistently high across the 12-month study period were compared to those whose scores were consistently low, increased, or decreased across the same period. Results indicated that at both study completion (12 months after admission) and 6 months after that participants in the consistently high and increasing spirituality groups self-reported significantly fewer days of heroin and cocaine/crack use than those in the consistently low group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences among the religiosity groups on self-reported heroin or cocaine/crack use. Results from chi(2) analyses indicated that at 12 months the results of urinalysis for the presence of opiates, but not cocaine/crack, were dependent on spirituality group membership (p < 0.01) but not religiosity group membership. Results also indicated that at the 6-month follow-up, there were significantly more participants in the decreasing group who were not in maintenance treatment who had a positive urinalysis and fewer in the increasing group than would be expected if the two variables were independent (p < 0.05). Implications for addictions health services are discussed. |
| Publication | The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research |
| Volume | 36 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 189-198 |
| Date | Apr 2009 |
| Journal Abbr | J Behav Health Serv Res |
| DOI | 10.1007/s11414-008-9145-z |
| ISSN | 1556-3308 |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18770043 |
| Accessed | Fri Nov 13 19:12:23 2009 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 18770043 |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
Data collected from individuals dependent on heroin receiving narcotic replacement therapy were used to assess the effects of R/S on drug treatment outcomes. Results indicated that at both study completion (12 months after admission) and 6 months after that participants in the consistently high and increasing spirituality groups self-reported significantly fewer days of heroin and cocaine/crack use than those in the consistently low group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences among the religiosity groups on self-reported heroin or cocaine/crack use.
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Don Coyhis |
| Author | Richard Simonelli |
| Abstract | Recovery from addiction to alcohol and other drugs is taking place with the assistance of culture-specific methods in American Indian and Alaska Native communities in North America. These communities utilize many of the recovery approaches that make up today's best practices, but they also use their own cultural and ethnic strengths as an important part of their addictions recovery. The Wellbriety Movement among Native people is one such expression of culture-specific healing for North Americans having the heritage of indigenous peoples. The rallying call, "Our culture is prevention," expresses an approach unique in addictions recovery processes anywhere. |
| Publication | Substance Use & Misuse |
| Volume | 43 |
| Issue | 12-13 |
| Pages | 1927-1949 |
| Date | 2008 |
| Journal Abbr | Subst Use Misuse |
| DOI | 10.1080/10826080802292584 |
| ISSN | 1532-2491 |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19016172 |
| Accessed | Fri Nov 13 19:35:41 2009 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 19016172 |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
Recovery from addiction to alcohol and other drugs is taking place with the assistance of culture-specific methods in American Indian and Alaska Native communities in North America. These communities utilize many of the recovery approaches that make up today’s best practices, but they also use their own cultural and ethnic strengths as an important part of their addictions recovery. The Wellbriety Movement among Native people is one such expression of culture-specific healing for North Americans having the heritage of indigenous peoples. The rallying call, “Our culture is prevention,” expresses an approach unique in addictions recovery processes anywhere.
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Dixie L Dennis |
| Author | William Cox |
| Author | Anne Black |
| Author | Susan Muller |
| Abstract | The purpose of this study was to determine if students (n = 431) from two southern universities-one in the "buckle" of the Bible-belt, the other a southern "border" state-have different drinking behaviors depending on their religiosity and spirituality. Approximately 95% of students indicated that they had at least one drink of alcohol during their lives, with almost 82% reporting that they used alcohol in the past 30 days. Binge drinking among underage students increased every year (approximately 43% to almost 70%). Students from the buckle university had higher degrees of religiosity and spirituality and reported fewer unhealthy drinking behaviors than those from the border university. By creating a learning environment where students are encouraged to increase the spiritual dimension of health, health educators may alleviate potentially deadly consequences of alcohol. |
| Publication | Journal of Drug Education |
| Volume | 39 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 95-112 |
| Date | 2009 |
| Journal Abbr | J Drug Educ |
| ISSN | 0047-2379 |
| Short Title | The influence of religiosity and spirituality on drinking behaviors |
| Accessed | Tue Feb 22 18:35:05 2011 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 19886164 |
| Date Added | Thu Sep 29 09:06:18 2011 |
| Modified | Thu Sep 29 09:06:18 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Julia Dickson-Gomez |
| Author | Gloria Bodnar |
| Author | Carmen Eugenia Guevara |
| Author | Karla Rodriguez |
| Author | Lorena Rivas De Mendoza |
| Author | A Michelle Corbett |
| Abstract | Crack use has increased dramatically in El Salvador in the last few decades. As with other developing countries with sudden onsets of drug problems, El Salvador has few medical staff trained in addictions treatment. Little research has examined drug users? attempts to reduce or abstain from drug use in countries where government-regulated formal medical treatment for drug addiction is scarce. This paper uses qualitative and quantitative data gathered from active crack users to explore their formal and informal strategies to reduce or abstain from drugs, and compares these with components of informal and formal treatment in developed countries. |
| Publication | Substance Use & Misuse |
| Volume | 46 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 426-439 |
| Date | 2011 |
| Journal Abbr | Subst Use Misuse |
| DOI | 10.3109/10826084.2010.495762 |
| ISSN | 1532-2491 |
| Short Title | With God's help i can do it |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20735191 |
| Accessed | Wed Jul 13 18:15:27 2011 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 20735191 |
| Date Added | Thu Sep 29 08:54:25 2011 |
| Modified | Thu Sep 29 08:54:25 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Mark J Edlund |
| Author | Katherine M Harris |
| Author | Harold G Koenig |
| Author | Xiaotong Han |
| Author | Greer Sullivan |
| Author | Rhonda Mattox |
| Author | Lingqi Tang |
| Abstract | OBJECTIVE: The negative association between religiosity (religious beliefs and church attendance) and the likelihood of substance use disorders is well established, but the mechanism(s) remain poorly understood. We investigated whether this association was mediated by social support or mental health status. METHOD: We utilized cross-sectional data from the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (n = 36,370). We first used logistic regression to regress any alcohol use in the past year on sociodemographic and religiosity variables. Then, among individuals who drank in the past year, we regressed past year alcohol abuse/dependence on sociodemographic and religiosity variables. To investigate whether social support mediated the association between religiosity and alcohol use and alcohol abuse/dependence we repeated the above models, adding the social support variables. To the extent that these added predictors modified the magnitude of the effect of the religiosity variables, we interpreted social support as a possible mediator. We also formally tested for mediation using path analysis. We investigated the possible mediating role of mental health status analogously. Parallel sets of analyses were conducted for any drug use, and drug abuse/dependence among those using any drugs as the dependent variables. RESULTS: The addition of social support and mental health status variables to logistic regression models had little effect on the magnitude of the religiosity coefficients in any of the models. While some of the tests of mediation were significant in the path analyses, the results were not always in the expected direction, and the magnitude of the effects was small. CONCLUSIONS: The association between religiosity and decreased likelihood of a substance use disorder does not appear to be substantively mediated by either social support or mental health status. |
| Publication | Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology |
| Volume | 45 |
| Issue | 8 |
| Pages | 827-836 |
| Date | Aug 2010 |
| Journal Abbr | Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol |
| DOI | 10.1007/s00127-009-0124-3 |
| ISSN | 1433-9285 |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19714282 |
| Extra | PMID: 19714282 |
| Date Added | Thu Sep 29 09:02:43 2011 |
| Modified | Thu Sep 29 09:02:43 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Anne C Fernandez |
| Author | Mark D Wood |
| Author | L A R Stein |
| Author | Joseph S Rossi |
| Abstract | Mindfulness has been proposed as a useful adjunct to alcohol abuse treatment. However, very little research has examined the basic relationship between alcohol use and mindfulness. Inconsistency in definition and measurement of mindfulness across studies makes such research difficult to interpret and conduct. Therefore, the current research sought to validate an emerging mindfulness measure, the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and examine its relationship with alcohol use and alcohol-related negative consequences among a sample of 316 college-aged adults. The purported factor structure of the FFMQ was examined using confirmatory factor analysis. Structural equation modeling was used to examine relations among mindfulness, alcohol use, and alcohol-related negative consequences. Consistent with past research, results supported the five-factor structure of the FFMQ. Structural equation modeling analyses revealed that two awareness-based factors of mindfulness were negatively related to alcohol use. After controlling for alcohol use, one acceptance-based factor (nonjudging of thoughts and feelings) was negatively related to alcohol-related consequences, and one awareness-based factor was positively related to consequences (all ps < .05). Effect sizes were small-medium. The results reported here inform the burgeoning development of mindfulness-based addiction treatment and provide additional psychometric validation of the FFMQ. |
| Publication | Psychology of Addictive Behaviors: Journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors |
| Volume | 24 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 608-616 |
| Date | Dec 2010 |
| Journal Abbr | Psychol Addict Behav |
| DOI | 10.1037/a0021742 |
| ISSN | 1939-1501 |
| Accessed | Sun Feb 13 10:38:46 2011 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 21198223 |
| Date Added | Thu Sep 29 08:57:52 2011 |
| Modified | Thu Sep 29 08:57:52 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | John E. Fife |
| Author | Micah McCreary |
| Author | Tashia Brewer |
| Author | Adekunle A. Adegoke |
| Abstract | This study aims to examine the relationship between family rituals, religious involvement, mental health, and drug attitudes among 141 African-American women recovering from substance abuse. Results indicate a significant negative relationship between religious attendance and substance abuse. A hierarchical regression analysis found that mental health problems and mental health problem severity together were significant predictors of substance use, and that church attendance with one's family (religious ritual) accounted for a significant portion of the variance for substance abuse, above and beyond the variance accounted for by mental health problems and drug attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Publication | North American Journal of Psychology |
| Volume | 13 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 87-98 |
| Date | March 2011 |
| ISSN | 15277143 |
| Library Catalog | EBSCOhost |
| Date Added | Thu Sep 29 08:56:10 2011 |
| Modified | Thu Sep 29 08:56:10 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Marc Galanter |
| Abstract | This chapter is directed at defining the nature of spirituality and its relationship to empirical research and clinical practice. A preliminary understanding of the spiritual experience can be achieved on the basis of diverse theoretical and empirically grounded sources, which will be delineated: namely, physiology, psychology, and cross-cultural sources. Furthermore, the impact of spirituality on mental health and addiction in different cultural and clinical settings is explicated regarding both beneficial and compromising outcomes. Illustrations of its application in addiction and general psychiatry are given: in meditative practices, Alcoholics Anonymous, and treatment programs for addiction singly and comorbid with major mental illness. Given its prominence in Alcoholics Anonymous and related Twelve-Step groups, spirituality plays an important role in the rehabilitation of many substance-dependent people. The issue of spirituality, however, is prominent within contemporary culture as well in the form of theistic orientation, as evidenced in a probability sampling of American adults, among whom 95% of respondents reply positively when asked if they believe in "God or a universal spirit." Responses to a follow-up on this question suggest that this belief affects the daily lives of the majority (51%) of those sampled, as they indicated that they had talked to someone about God or some aspect of their faith or spirituality within the previous 24 h (Gallup, 2002). |
| Publication | Recent Developments in Alcoholism: An Official Publication of the American Medical Society on Alcoholism, the Research Society on Alcoholism, and the National Council on Alcoholism |
| Volume | 18 |
| Pages | 125-140 |
| Date | 2008 |
| Journal Abbr | Recent Dev Alcohol |
| ISSN | 0738-422X |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19115767 |
| Accessed | Fri Nov 13 19:45:18 2009 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 19115767 |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
This chapter is directed at defining the nature of spirituality and its relationship to empirical research and clinical practice.
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | M Galanter |
| Publication | Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research |
| Volume | 23 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 716-719 |
| Date | Apr 1999 |
| Journal Abbr | Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res |
| ISSN | 0145-6008 |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10235308 |
| Accessed | Thu Nov 12 19:40:08 2009 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 10235308 |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Marc Galanter |
| Abstract | Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and other 12-step programs are widely employed in the addiction rehabilitation community. It is therefore important for researchers and clinicians to have a better understanding of how recovery from addiction takes place, in terms of psychological mechanisms associated with spiritual renewal. A program like AA is described here as a spiritual recovery movement, that is, one that effects compliance with its behavioral norms by engaging recruits in a social system that promotes new and transcendent meaning in their lives. The mechanisms underlying the attribution of new meaning in AA are considered by recourse to the models of positive psychology and social network support; both models have been found to be associated with constructive health outcomes in a variety of contexts. By drawing on available empirical research, it is possible to define the diagnosis of addiction and the criteria for recovery in spiritually oriented terms. |
| Publication | Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment |
| Volume | 33 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 265-272 |
| Date | Oct 2007 |
| Journal Abbr | J Subst Abuse Treat |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jsat.2007.04.016 |
| ISSN | 0740-5472 |
| Short Title | Spirituality and recovery in 12-step programs |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17889297 |
| Accessed | Fri Nov 13 17:57:34 2009 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 17889297 |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
A program like AA is described here as a spiritual recovery movement, that is, one that effects compliance with its behavioral norms by engaging recruits in a social system that promotes new and transcendent meaning in their lives. The mechanisms underlying the attribution of new meaning in AA are considered by recourse to the models of positive psychology and social network support; both models have been found to be associated with constructive health outcomes in a variety of contexts.
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Cynthia Geppert |
| Author | Michael P Bogenschutz |
| Author | William R Miller |
| Abstract | INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: The aim of this study was to develop a comprehensive annotated public-domain bibliography of the literature on spirituality and addictions to facilitate future research and scholarship. DESIGN AND METHODS: A search was conducted of all citations listed in the MEDLINE, PsychINFO and ALTA Religion databases covering a period from 1941 to 2004 using the following search terms: substance abuse, substance dependence, addiction, religion, spirituality. A group of experts in the field then classified each citation according to empirically derived categories. RESULTS: A total of 1353 papers met the search parameters and were classified into 10 non-exclusive categories: (1) attitudes toward spirituality and substance use, (2) commentaries, (3) spiritual practices and development in recovery, (4) spiritual and religion variables in the epidemiology of substance abuse, (5) psychoactive substances and spiritual experiences, (6) religious and spiritual interventions, (7) literature reviews, (8) measurement of spirituality and addictions, (9) 12-Step spirituality and (10) youth and development. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The literature is voluminous, but has focused primarily in a few areas. Common findings included an inverse relationship between religiosity and substance use/abuse, reduced use among those practising meditation and protective effects of 12-Step group involvement during recovery. Although sound instruments are available for measuring spirituality, studies have tended to use simplistic, often single-item measures. |
| Publication | Drug and Alcohol Review |
| Volume | 26 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 389-395 |
| Date | Jul 2007 |
| Journal Abbr | Drug Alcohol Rev |
| DOI | 10.1080/09595230701373826 |
| ISSN | 0959-5236 |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17564874 |
| Accessed | Fri Nov 13 17:46:25 2009 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 17564874 |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
The aim of this study was to develop a comprehensive annotated public-domain bibliography of the literature on spirituality and addictions to facilitate future research and scholarship.
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Lilian A Ghandour |
| Author | Elie G Karam |
| Author | Wadih E Maalouf |
| Abstract | AIMS To examine alcohol consumption and the role of religiosity in alcohol use disorders in Christian, Druze and Muslim youth in Lebanon, given their distinct religious doctrines and social norms. METHODS Using a self-completed anonymous questionnaire, data were collected on 1837 students, selected randomly from two large private universities in Beirut. Life-time abuse and dependence were measured as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual version IV. FINDINGS Alcohol use was more common in Christians, who started drinking younger and were twice as likely to be diagnosed with abuse and dependence. However, among ever drinkers, the odds of alcohol use disorders were comparable across religious groups. Believing in God and practising one's faith were related inversely to alcohol abuse and dependence in all religious groups, even among ever drinkers (belief in God only). The associations were sometimes stronger for Muslims, suggesting that religiosity may play a larger role in a more proscriptive religion, as postulated by'reference group theory'. CONCLUSIONS Students belonging to conservative religious groups may be shielded from the opportunity to try alcohol. Once an ever drinker, however, religion is not related to the odds of an alcohol use disorder. Religiosity (i.e. belief in God and religious practice) is, nevertheless, related inversely to alcohol-related problems, even among drinkers. Findings from this culturally and religiously diverse Arab country corroborate the international literature on religion, religiosity and alcohol use, highlighting potential differences between Christians and Muslims. |
| Publication | Addiction (Abingdon, England) |
| Volume | 104 |
| Issue | 6 |
| Pages | 940-948 |
| Date | Jun 2009 |
| Journal Abbr | Addiction |
| DOI | 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02575.x |
| ISSN | 1360-0443 |
| Short Title | Lifetime alcohol use, abuse and dependence among university students in Lebanon |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19466919 |
| Accessed | Tue Jun 14 09:26:23 2011 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 19466919 |
| Date Added | Thu Sep 29 09:06:18 2011 |
| Modified | Thu Sep 29 09:06:18 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | L.M. Goldfarb |
| Author | M. Galanter |
| Author | D. McDowell |
| Author | H. Lifshutz |
| Author | H. Dermatitis |
| Abstract | This study compares the views on spirituality of dually diagnosed patients (diagnosed with both substance abuse and general psychiatric disorders) and medical students in order to investigate their respective orientations toward spirituality and their views of the importance of spirituality in the treatment of addiction. We administered a modified version of Feagin's "Orientation to Life and God Scale" to assess religious and spiritual orientation in both the patients and students. A second series of items was developed and administered in order to compare the patients' and students' perceptions of the relative importance of a religious and spiritual orientation in substance abuse treatment. A third series of items was also given to compare the nature of religious and health-related services on the inpatient unit that patients and students most wanted to see improved. We found that the medical students responsible for treating substance abuse are significantly less religiously and spirituality oriented than the patients they treat, and that the students do not indicate that spirituality is an important component in the care of these patients. It may be clinically relevant to train medical students in the potential importance of spirituality in addiction treatment so that they can incorporate spirituality into the treatment of addictions. |
| Publication | American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse |
| Volume | 22 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 549-561 |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
This study compares the views on spirituality of dually diagnosed patients (diagnosed with both substance abuse and general psychiatric disorders) and medical students in order to investigate their respective orientations toward spirituality and their views of the importance of spirituality in the treatment of addiction. We found that the medical students responsible for treating substance abuse are significantly less religiously and spirituality oriented than the patients they treat, and that the students do not indicate that spirituality is an important component in the care of these patients.
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | David Gonzales |
| Author | Donovan Redtomahawk |
| Author | Barbara Pizacani |
| Author | Wendy G Bjornson |
| Author | Janet Spradley |
| Author | Elizabeth Allen |
| Author | Paul Lees |
| Abstract | Patient spiritual resources are increasingly included in the treatment of medical conditions such as cancers and alcohol and drug dependence, but use of spiritual resources is usually excluded from tobacco dependence treatment. We hypothesized that this omission may be linked to perceived resistance from smokers. To examine this hypothesis, we conducted a pilot survey to assess whether current smokers would consider spiritual, including religious, resources helpful if they were planning to quit. Smokers at least 18 years of age at Oregon Health & Science University in Portland, Oregon, (N=104) completed a brief survey of smoking behaviors and spiritual beliefs. None were attempting to quit. Of these individuals, 92 (88%) reported some history of spiritual resources (spiritual practice or belief in a Higher Power), and of those respondents, 78% reported that using spiritual resources to quit could be helpful, and 77% reported being open to having their providers encourage use of spiritual resources when quitting. Results of logistic regression analysis indicated that those aged 31-50 years (OR=3.3), those over age 50 years (OR=5.4), and women (OR=3.4) were significantly more likely to have used spiritual resources in the past. Of the 92 smokers with any history of spiritual resources, those smoking more than 15 cigarettes/day were significantly more receptive to provider encouragement of spiritual resources in a quit attempt (OR=5.4). Our data are consistent with overall beliefs in the United States about spirituality and recent trends to include spirituality in health care. We conclude that smokers, especially heavier smokers, may be receptive to using spiritual resources in a quit attempt and that spirituality in tobacco dependence treatment warrants additional investigation and program development. |
| Publication | Nicotine & Tobacco Research: Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco |
| Volume | 9 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 299-303 |
| Date | Feb 2007 |
| Journal Abbr | Nicotine Tob. Res |
| DOI | 10.1080/14622200601078582 |
| ISSN | 1462-2203 |
| Short Title | Support for spirituality in smoking cessation |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17365761 |
| Accessed | Fri Nov 13 17:29:17 2009 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 17365761 |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
We conducted a pilot survey to assess whether current smokers would consider spiritual, including religious, resources helpful if they were planning to quit. We conclude that smokers, especially heavier smokers, may be receptive to using spiritual resources in a quit attempt and that spirituality in tobacco dependence treatment warrants additional investigation and program development.
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Marie Good |
| Author | Teena Willoughby |
| Abstract | This longitudinal study tested the influence of involvement and selection hypotheses for the association between religious versus non-religious activity involvement and two salient indicators of adolescent psychosocial adjustment (substance use and academic achievement). Participants included 3,993 Canadian adolescents (49.4% girls) who were surveyed each year from grades 9–12. More frequent religious attendance (but not non-religious club involvement) in one grade predicted lower levels of substance use in the next grade. Higher levels of non-religious club involvement (but not religious service attendance) in one grade predicted higher academic achievement in the next grade, and higher academic achievement in one grade predicted more frequent non-religious club involvement in the next grade. The effects were robust, as they were invariant across grade and significant after controlling for individual, peer, and family characteristics. Most importantly, these results suggest that religious activities are not just another club, but, rather, that different developmental assets may be fostered in religious as compared to non-religious activities. understanding and promoting positive developmental features, both religious and non-religious structured activities are seen as environments where intrapersonal and interpersonal assets may be fostered in adolescents (e.g., Dworkin et al. 2003; King and Furrow 2004). Religious activities (e.g., attendance at church), however, may be a particularly unique form of structured activity where young people may have experiences not typically gained in other types of clubs (e.g., Smith 2003a). Different assets, therefore, may be fostered by religious, as compared to non-religious clubs. Similarly, different types of adolescents may be drawn to participate in religious versus non-religious activities. Differences between religious and non-religious activities have been largely overlooked within the literature, as religious activities often are not examined as a unique category (e.g., Gardner et al. 2008). Not surprisingly, then, potential differences in the relationships between religious versus non-religious activities and adolescent psychosocial adjustment also have not been examined. In the present study, we evaluate differential relationships between participation in these activities and two commonly-studied indicators of adjustment in adolescence (substance use and academic achievement), with a focus on assessing differences in the direction of effects for religious versus non-religious activities as well as the robustness of these effects across time and in the presence of multiple control variables. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract) |
| Publication | Journal of Youth and Adolescence |
| Volume | 40 |
| Issue | 6 |
| Pages | 680-693 |
| Date | June 2011 |
| DOI | 10.1007/s10964-010-9581-y |
| ISSN | 0047-2891 |
| Library Catalog | EBSCOhost |
| Date Added | Thu Sep 29 08:54:25 2011 |
| Modified | Thu Sep 29 08:54:25 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Christian Gostecnik |
| Author | Tanja Repic |
| Author | Mateja Cvetek |
| Author | Robert Cvetek |
| Abstract | Traumatic experiences can become the central mental content in our psychic structure and can deeply mark all our later perceptions and experiences of our surroundings. We can claim something similar also for addictions of all kinds. In this article, we will demonstrate that recurring traumatic experiences and abuse as well as addiction represent a hidden mission of psyche for resolution and a great cry of longing for salvation. |
| Publication | Journal of Religion and Health |
| Volume | 49 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 361-376 |
| Date | 6/2010 |
| Journal Abbr | J Relig Health |
| DOI | 10.1007/s10943-009-9264-8 |
| ISSN | 0022-4197 |
| Accessed | Wed Oct 6 20:56:44 2010 |
| Library Catalog | CrossRef |
| Date Added | Thu Sep 29 09:02:29 2011 |
| Modified | Thu Sep 29 09:02:29 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Jon Randolph Haber |
| Author | Theodore Jacob |
| Abstract | OBJECTIVE: Religious affiliation is inversely associated with alcohol dependence (AD). Our previous findings indicated that when a religious affiliation differentiated itself from cultural norms, then high-risk adolescents (those having parents with alcoholism history) raised with these affiliations exhibited fewer AD symptoms compared with adolescents of other religious affiliations and nonreligious adolescents. The first of two studies reported here provides a needed replication of our previous findings for childhood religious affiliation using a different sample, and the second study extends examination to current religious affiliation. METHOD: A national sample of male and female adolescents/young adults (N = 1,329; mean age = 19.6 years) was selected who were the offspring of members of the Vietnam era Twin Registry. Parental alcoholism, religious affiliation types, and their interactions were examined as predictors of offspring AD symptoms. RESULTS: (1) Offspring reared with a differentiating religious affiliation during child-hood exhibited significantly fewer AD symptoms as young adults; (2) offspring with current differentiating religious affiliation also exhibited fewer AD symptoms; this main effect was not weakened by adding other measures of religiousness to the model; (3) differentiating religious affiliation was correlated with both family alcoholism risk and offspring outcome, and removed the association between family alcoholism risk and offspring outcome, thus indicating that differentiating religious affiliation was at least a partial mediator of the association between family AD history risk and offspring AD outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Current results indicate that religious differentiation is an inverse mediator of alcoholism risk for offspring with or without parental AD history and regardless of the influence of other religion variables. Results replicated our previous report on religious upbringing between ages 6 and 13 years and indicated an even stronger effect when current differentiating affiliation was examined. |
| Publication | Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs |
| Volume | 70 |
| Issue | 6 |
| Pages | 877-889 |
| Date | Nov 2009 |
| Journal Abbr | J Stud Alcohol Drugs |
| ISSN | 1938-4114 |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19895764 |
| Accessed | Mon Nov 23 20:01:31 2009 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 19895764 |
| Date Added | Thu Sep 29 09:04:55 2011 |
| Modified | Thu Sep 29 09:04:55 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | W. Bryce Hagedorn |
| Author | Holly J. Hartwig Moorhead |
| Abstract | Clients with addictive disorders who have an internalized need for perfection benefit from an integration of spirituality into counseling treatment. This article provides d review of the literature, offers a spiritual approach for working with clients who struggle with addiction and perfectionism, and provides a case study to demonstrate the effectiveness of the integration of spirituality and counseling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Publication | Counseling & Values |
| Volume | 55 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 63-78 |
| Date | October 2010 |
| ISSN | 01607960 |
| Date Added | Thu Sep 29 08:59:59 2011 |
| Modified | Thu Sep 29 08:59:59 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | K. Paige Harden |
| Abstract | BACKGROUND: Adolescent involvement in religious organizations has been hypothesized to protect against early age at first drink. However, the correlation between adolescent religiosity and later age at first drink may be confounded by environmental or genetic differences between families. This study tests whether, after controlling for shared environmental and genetic confounds using a behavior genetic design, the association between individual levels of religiosity and earlier age at first drink is still evident. METHOD: Twin and sibling pairs were drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a nationally-representative sample of US adolescents. Age at first drink was measured as how old adolescents were when they first had a drink of beer, wine, or liquor. Religiosity was measured using four items concerning frequency of religious activities and importance of religious beliefs. Using twins and siblings who were discordant for religiosity, analyses tested whether religious adolescents had a later age at first drink than their non-religious co-twins/co-siblings. RESULTS: Religious adolescents did not differ from their non-religious siblings in their mean age at first drink. Results from survival models indicate that environmental differences between families completely account for the correlation between religiosity and later age at first drink. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that individual religious involvement is a proxy variable for family or cultural environments that are salient for when adolescents initiate alcohol use. Future research is needed to identify specific protective environments in religious families. These results have implications for both public policy and etiological theory. |
| Publication | Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines |
| Volume | 51 |
| Issue | 7 |
| Pages | 763-771 |
| Date | Jul 2010 |
| Journal Abbr | J Child Psychol Psychiatry |
| DOI | 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02247.x |
| ISSN | 1469-7610 |
| Short Title | Does religious involvement protect against early drinking? |
| Accessed | Tue Jul 27 12:20:26 2010 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 20406334 |
| Date Added | Thu Sep 29 09:03:23 2011 |
| Modified | Thu Sep 29 09:03:23 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | H. K. Heggenhougen |
| Publication | Medical Anthropology Quarterly |
| Volume | 16 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 3-7 |
| Date | Nov., 1984 |
| ISSN | 07455194 |
| Short Title | Traditional Medicine and the Treatment of Drug Addicts |
| URL | http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/648713 |
| Accessed | Tue Oct 20 21:53:06 2009 |
| Library Catalog | JSTOR |
| Extra | ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Nov., 1984 / Copyright © 1984 American Anthropological Association |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Adrienne Heinz |
| Author | David H Epstein |
| Author | Kenzie L Preston |
| Abstract | Although spirituality is an integral component of some of the most popular approaches to substance abuse treatment, there is little empirical evidence for a causal relationship between spirituality and treatment success. In the present study, 169 (121 male) opiate- or cocaine-abusing treatment seekers completed the Index of Spiritual Experience (INSPIRIT), a questionnaire that assesses both spirituality and religiosity. Responses were analyzed in terms of demographic variables and in-treatment outcome, which was determined by treatment retention and drug screens from observed biweekly urine collections. Religious/spiritual beliefs were common in these participants and were associated with in-treatment outcome: total INSPIRIT score was weakly correlated (r = .16, p < .04) with number of subsequent cocaine-negative urines, and participants reporting that they frequently spent time on religious/spiritual activities showed significantly better outcomes in terms of subsequent drug use and treatment retention. Women and African Americans were more likely than men and non-African Americans to report religious and spiritual beliefs or experiences on several individual items, and African Americans had higher INSPIRIT scores than Caucasians. The results suggest that spiritual and religious experience plays a role in substance abuse recovery and that demographic characteristics should be considered in the design of spiritually oriented behavioral interventions for addiction. |
| Publication | Journal of Psychoactive Drugs |
| Volume | 39 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 41-49 |
| Date | Mar 2007 |
| Journal Abbr | J Psychoactive Drugs |
| ISSN | 0279-1072 |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17523584 |
| Accessed | Fri Nov 13 17:45:07 2009 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 17523584 |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
In the present study, 169 (121 male) opiate- or cocaine-abusing treatment seekers completed the Index of Spiritual Experience (INSPIRIT), a questionnaire that assesses both spirituality and religiosity. The results suggest that spiritual and religious experience plays a role in substance abuse recovery and that demographic characteristics should be considered in the design of spiritually oriented behavioral interventions for addiction.
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | C Richard Hofstetter |
| Author | John W Ayers |
| Author | Veronica L Irvin |
| Author | D Eastern Kang Sim |
| Author | Suzanne C Hughes |
| Author | Frederick Reighard |
| Author | Melbourne F Hovell |
| Abstract | BACKGROUND: This study explores hypotheses linking church attendance to smoking prevalence, cessation, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), and household smoking bans among Korean immigrants in California. METHODS: Data were drawn from telephone interviews with Korean adults (N = 2085) based on a probability sample during 2005-2006 in which 86% of those contacted completed interviews. RESULTS: Koreans who reported that they had attended church were less likely to be current smokers and to be exposed to ETS, and more likely to have quit smoking and to have a complete smoking ban than non-attenders after statistical controls for behavioral covariates. DISCUSSION: Whether or not participants reported attending church was associated with increased tobacco control practices. Public health interventions may profit by seeking to expand cooperation with religious congregations to facilitate efforts to promote healthy lifestyles among immigrant populations beyond the influences of church attendance. |
| Publication | Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health / Center for Minority Public Health |
| Volume | 12 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 187-197 |
| Date | Apr 2010 |
| Journal Abbr | J Immigr Minor Health |
| DOI | 10.1007/s10903-009-9228-9 |
| ISSN | 1557-1920 |
| Short Title | Does church participation facilitate tobacco control? |
| Accessed | Tue Feb 22 19:52:48 2011 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 19205883 |
| Date Added | Thu Sep 29 09:07:00 2011 |
| Modified | Thu Sep 29 09:07:00 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | C. Richard Hofstetter |
| Author | John W. Ayers |
| Author | Veronica L. Irvin |
| Author | D. Eastern Kang Sim |
| Author | Suzanne C. Hughes |
| Author | Frederick Reighard |
| Author | Melbourne F. Hovell |
| Abstract | Background: This study explores hypotheses linking church attendance to smoking prevalence, cessation, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), and household smoking bans among Korean immigrants in California. Methods: Data were drawn from telephone interviews with Korean adults (N = 2085) based on a probability sample during 2005–2006 in which 86% of those contacted completed interviews. Results: Koreans who reported that they had attended church were less likely to be current smokers and to be exposed to ETS, and more likely to have quit smoking and to have a complete smoking ban than non-attenders after statistical controls for behavioral covariates. Discussion: Whether or not participants reported attending church was associated with increased tobacco control practices. Public health interventions may profit by seeking to expand cooperation with religious congregations to facilitate efforts to promote healthy lifestyles among immigrant populations beyond the influences of church attendance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract) |
| Publication | Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health |
| Volume | 12 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 187-197 |
| Date | April 2010 |
| DOI | 10.1007/s10903-009-9228-9 |
| ISSN | 1557-1912 |
| Short Title | Does church participation facilitate tobacco control? |
| Accessed | Tue Jun 15 10:21:27 2010 |
| Library Catalog | EBSCOhost |
| Date Added | Thu Sep 29 09:04:02 2011 |
| Modified | Thu Sep 29 09:04:02 2011 |
| Type | Book |
|---|---|
| Author | Daniel E. Hood |
| Publisher | Transaction Publishers |
| Date | 2011-04-26 |
| ISBN | 1412814634 |
| Short Title | Addiction Treatment |
| Library Catalog | Amazon.com |
| Date Added | Thu Sep 29 08:55:49 2011 |
| Modified | Thu Sep 29 08:55:49 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Kenneth S Kendler |
| Author | John Myers |
| Abstract | OBJECTIVE: Church attendance is one of the most consistent predictors of alcohol and nicotine consumption. The authors sought to clarify changes in the role of genetic and environmental factors in influencing church attendance and the interrelationship between church attendance and alcohol and nicotine use from early adolescence into adulthood. METHOD: The authors used data from two interview waves 6 years apart of 1,796 male twins from a population-based register, in which respondents were asked about current and past church attendance and psychoactive drug use. Structural twin models were fitted and tested using the Mx software program. RESULTS: As twins developed from childhood through adulthood, the influence of shared environmental factors on church attendance declined dramatically while genetic factors increased. In early and late adolescence, the negative correlations between church attendance and alcohol and nicotine consumption resulted largely from shared environmental factors. In adulthood, the inverse relationship between church attendance and substance use became stronger and arose largely from genetic factors. CONCLUSIONS: As individuals mature, they increasingly shape their own social environment in large part as a result of their genetically influenced temperament. When individuals are younger and living at home, frequent church attendance reflects a range of familial and social-environmental influences that reduce levels of substance use. In adulthood, by contrast, high levels of church attendance largely index genetically influenced temperamental factors that are protective against substance use. Using genetically informative designs such as twin studies, it is possible to show that the causes of the relationship between social risk factors and substance use can change dramatically over development. |
| Publication | The American Journal of Psychiatry |
| Volume | 166 |
| Issue | 10 |
| Pages | 1150-1155 |
| Date | Oct 2009 |
| Journal Abbr | Am J Psychiatry |
| DOI | 10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09020182 |
| ISSN | 1535-7228 |
| Short Title | A developmental twin study of church attendance and alcohol and nicotine consumption |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19755576 |
| Accessed | Mon Oct 19 20:33:33 2009 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 19755576 |
| Date Added | Thu Sep 29 09:04:55 2011 |
| Modified | Thu Sep 29 09:04:55 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | John R Knight |
| Author | Lon Sherritt |
| Author | Sion Kim Harris |
| Author | David W Holder |
| Author | John Kulig |
| Author | Lydia A Shrier |
| Author | Joy Gabrielli |
| Author | Grace Chang |
| Abstract | BACKGROUND: Previous studies indicate that religiousness is associated with lower levels of substance use among adolescents, but less is known about the relationship between spirituality and substance use. The objective of this study was to determine the association between adolescents' use of alcohol and specific aspects of religiousness and spirituality. METHODS: Twelve- to 18-year-old patients coming for routine medical care at three primary care sites completed a modified Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality; the Spiritual Connectedness Scale; and a past-90-days alcohol use Timeline Followback calendar. We used multiple logistic regression analysis to assess the association between each religiousness/spirituality measure and odds of any past-90-days alcohol use, controlling for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and clinic site. Timeline Followback data were dichotomized to indicate any past-90-days alcohol use and religiousness/spirituality scale scores were z-transformed for analysis. RESULTS: Participants (n = 305) were 67% female, 74% Hispanic or black, and 45% from two-parent families. Mean +/- SD age was 16.0 +/- 1.8 years. Approximately 1/3 (34%) reported past-90-day alcohol use. After controlling for demographics and clinic site, Religiousness/Spirituality scales that were not significantly associated with alcohol use included: Commitment (OR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.36, 1.79), Organizational Religiousness (OR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.64, 1.07), Private Religious Practices (OR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.80, 1.10), and Religious and Spiritual Coping--Negative (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 0.91, 1.23). All of these are measures of religiousness, except for Religious and Spiritual Coping--Negative. Scales that were significantly and negatively associated with alcohol use included: Forgiveness (OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.42-0.73), Religious and Spiritual Coping--Positive (OR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.51-0.84), Daily Spiritual Experiences (OR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.54-0.84), and Belief (OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.68-0.83), which are all measures of spirituality. In a multivariable model that included all significant measures, however, only Forgiveness remained as a significant negative correlate of alcohol use (OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.41, 0.74). CONCLUSIONS: Forgiveness is associated with a lowered risk of drinking during adolescence. |
| Publication | Southern Medical Journal |
| Volume | 100 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 349-355 |
| Date | Apr 2007 |
| Journal Abbr | South. Med. J |
| ISSN | 0038-4348 |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17458392 |
| Accessed | Fri Nov 13 17:39:14 2009 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 17458392 |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
The objective of this study was to determine the association between adolescents’ use of alcohol and specific aspects of religiousness and spirituality. Conclusions: Forgiveness is associated with a lowered risk of drinking during adolescence.
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Nathaniel M. Lambert |
| Author | Frank D. Fincham |
| Author | Loren D. Marks |
| Author | Tyler F. Stillman |
| Abstract | Four methodologically diverse studies (N = 1,758) show that prayer frequency and alcohol consumption are negatively related. In Study 1 (n = 824), we used a cross-sectional design and found that higher prayer frequency was related to lower alcohol consumption and problematic drinking behavior. Study 2 (n = 702) used a longitudinal design and found that more frequent prayer at Time 1 predicted less alcohol consumption and problematic drinking behavior at Time 2, and this relationship held when controlling for baseline levels of drinking and prayer. In Study 3 (n = 117), we used an experimental design to test for a causal relationship between prayer frequency and alcohol consumption. Participants assigned to pray every day (either an undirected prayer or a prayer for a relationship partner) for 4 weeks drank about half as much alcohol at the conclusion of the study as control participants. Study 4 (n = 115) replicated the findings of Study 3, as prayer again reduced drinking by about half. These findings are discussed in terms of prayer as reducing drinking motives. |
| Publication | Psychology of Addictive Behaviors: Journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors |
| Volume | 24 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 209-219 |
| Date | Jun 2010 |
| Journal Abbr | Psychol Addict Behav |
| DOI | 10.1037/a0018746 |
| ISSN | 1939-1501 |
| Short Title | Invocations and intoxication |
| Accessed | Wed Jul 7 09:46:31 2010 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 20565147 |
| Date Added | Thu Sep 29 09:04:02 2011 |
| Modified | Thu Sep 29 09:04:02 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Jason Lillis |
| Author | Elizabeth Gifford |
| Author | Keith Humphreys |
| Author | Rudolf Moos |
| Abstract | There has been much interest in measuring and evaluating the role of spirituality/religiosity (S/R) in substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. This study presents the initial evaluation of a new measure of S/R in the treatment environment: the Treatment Spirituality/Religiosity Scale (TSRS). The TSRS has 10 items and can be completed by both patient and staff to measure the emphasis on S/R in a given treatment program, which may have important implications for patient-program fit. Data on the TSRS were gathered from 3,018 patients and 329 staff members from 15 residential SUD treatment programs within the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System. The TSRS showed good internal consistency (alpha = .77), a single-factor structure, close agreement between patients and staff members (r = .93), and good discriminant validity. The TSRS appears to be a brief, easily administered, and potentially useful measure of the emphasis on S/R in residential SUD treatment programs. |
| Publication | Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment |
| Volume | 35 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 427-433 |
| Date | Dec 2008 |
| Journal Abbr | J Subst Abuse Treat |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jsat.2008.02.002 |
| ISSN | 1873-6483 |
| Short Title | Assessing spirituality/religiosity in the treatment environment |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18424049 |
| Accessed | Fri Nov 13 18:53:33 2009 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 18424049 |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Douglas Longshore |
| Author | M Douglas Anglin |
| Author | Bradley T Conner |
| Abstract | Religiosity and spirituality (R/S) have been shown to be related to better outcomes in many health service areas, including drug abuse treatment. The latter area, however, lacks a fully emergent empirical framework to guide further study. Moreover, although scientists have tested isolated hypotheses, no comprehensive process model has been designed and validated, limiting conceptual development as well. This paper reviews the relevant R/S and health research literature with a primary focus on drug treatment processes. Then a conceptual model is suggested to guide future incremental study of R/S assessment and intervention development. Implications for addiction health services include increased efforts to empirically validate R/S interventions, to increase practitioner competencies in this area, and to disseminate relevant research findings. |
| Publication | The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research |
| Volume | 36 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 177-188 |
| Date | Apr 2009 |
| Journal Abbr | J Behav Health Serv Res |
| DOI | 10.1007/s11414-008-9152-0 |
| ISSN | 1556-3308 |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19023659 |
| Accessed | Fri Nov 13 19:36:37 2009 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 19023659 |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
This paper reviews the relevant R/S and health research literature with a primary focus on drug treatment processes. Then a conceptual model is suggested to guide future incremental study of R/S assessment and intervention development. Implications for addiction health services include increased efforts to empirically validate R/S interventions, to increase practitioner competencies in this area, and to disseminate relevant research findings.
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Douglas Longshore |
| Author | M Douglas Anglin |
| Author | Bradley T Conner |
| Abstract | Religiosity and spirituality (R/S) have been shown to be related to better outcomes in many health service areas, including drug abuse treatment. The latter area, however, lacks a fully emergent empirical framework to guide further study. Moreover, although scientists have tested isolated hypotheses, no comprehensive process model has been designed and validated, limiting conceptual development as well. This paper reviews the relevant R/S and health research literature with a primary focus on drug treatment processes. Then a conceptual model is suggested to guide future incremental study of R/S assessment and intervention development. Implications for addiction health services include increased efforts to empirically validate R/S interventions, to increase practitioner competencies in this area, and to disseminate relevant research findings. |
| Publication | The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research |
| Volume | 36 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 177-188 |
| Date | Apr 2009 |
| Journal Abbr | J Behav Health Serv Res |
| DOI | 10.1007/s11414-008-9152-0 |
| ISSN | 1556-3308 |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19023659 |
| Accessed | Mon Mar 28 18:23:36 2011 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 19023659 |
| Date Added | Thu Sep 29 09:07:00 2011 |
| Modified | Thu Sep 29 09:07:00 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Geoffrey C. B. Lyons |
| Author | Frank P. Deane |
| Author | Peter J. Kelly |
| Abstract | Spirituality has often been associated with recovery from substance use disorders through its emphasis in faith-based rehabilitation programs. The purpose of this article is to describe some psychological dynamics that may explain how spirituality aids in the treatment of substance abuse and dependence. Forgiveness and purpose in life are proposed as spiritual mechanisms that partially mediate a spiritually directed recovery. Recent empirical studies on spirituality and recovery from substance use disorders are discussed in relation to 12-steps of Alcoholics Anonymous and Christian principles in order to describe how forgiveness and purpose in life interact with spiritual development in substance use disorder treatment programs. A theoretical model detailing the relationship between spirituality, forgiveness, purpose, and recovery is presented based on anecdotal and empirical literature. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract) |
| Publication | Addiction Research & Theory |
| Volume | 18 |
| Issue | 5 |
| Pages | 528-543 |
| Date | October 2010 |
| DOI | 10.3109/16066351003660619 |
| ISSN | 1606-6359 |
| Date Added | Thu Sep 29 08:59:59 2011 |
| Modified | Thu Sep 29 08:59:59 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | D McDonald |
| Abstract | The Bandaranaike Memorial Ayurvedic Research Institute in Colombo, Sri Lanka, is applying the traditional medical practices of Ayurveda and acupuncture to the management of withdrawal from heroin. This is part of a wider research effort into the application of Ayurveda in contemporary systems of health care. The detoxification programme is briefly described. Initial observations of programme outcomes suggest that these methods are of similar effectiveness to approaches used in western medicine and are culturally appropriate in the Sri Lankan context. |
| Publication | Drug and Alcohol Review |
| Volume | 9 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 329-331 |
| Date | 1990 |
| Journal Abbr | Drug Alcohol Rev |
| DOI | 10.1080/09595239000185461 |
| ISSN | 0959-5236 |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16840160 |
| Accessed | Mon Oct 12 23:08:58 2009 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 16840160 |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
The Bandaranaike Memorial Ayurvedic Research Institute in Colombo, Sri Lanka, is applying the traditional medical practices of Ayurveda and acupuncture to the management of withdrawal from heroin. This is part of a wider research effort into the application of Ayurveda in contemporary systems of health care. The detoxification programme is briefly described. Initial observations of programme outcomes suggest that these methods are of similar effectiveness to approaches used in western medicine and are culturally appropriate in the Sri Lankan context.
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | David McFadden |
| Author | Ivana T Croghan |
| Author | Kathryn M Piderman |
| Author | Carl Lundstrom |
| Author | Darrell R Schroeder |
| Author | J Taylor Hays |
| Abstract | CONTEXT With widespread interest in natural remedies and "wholistic" treatments, there has been a renewed focus on the impact of spirituality related alternative therapy for many current chronic diseases. OBJECTIVE To assess the potential impact of spiritual beliefs on lifestyle choices such as tobacco use, we conducted a patient survey. DESIGN/SETTING This cross-section study was conducted using a 27-question survey of patients seen at the Mayo Clinic over a 14-week period. PATIENTS We invited all patients (smokers and nonsmokers) seen in several Mayo Clinic divisions to participate in this voluntary survey. INTERVENTIONS The survey included demographic information, history of tobacco use or nonuse, and assessment of spirituality. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Among the 501 patients who participated, 370 were nonsmokers and 131 were smokers. Compared with smokers, nonsmokers more often participated in religious activities such as regular weekly church attendance (48% vs. 24%), daily prayer, and Bible study (49% vs. 24%; P < .001). Current smoking was negatively correlated with religious activities. However, after adjustment for demographic facdtors, there was no significant difference in intrinsic spirituality (importance of religion) between the two groups (P < .130). RESULT Nonsmokers are more likely to engage in religious activities such as prayer, Bible study, and regular church attendance. Further studies may be helpful to clearly define the potential impact of spirituality on smoking cessation. |
| Publication | Explore (New York, N.Y.) |
| Volume | 7 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 162-167 |
| Date | 2011 May-Jun |
| Journal Abbr | Explore (NY) |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.explore.2011.02.003 |
| ISSN | 1878-7541 |
| Short Title | Spirituality in tobacco dependence |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21571235 |
| Accessed | Wed Jun 8 18:32:39 2011 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 21571235 |
| Date Added | Thu Sep 29 08:54:49 2011 |
| Modified | Thu Sep 29 08:54:49 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | William [1] Miller |
| Abstract | Researchers currently recognize and incorporate psychological, biomedical, and social determinants in the study of addictive behaviors. Yet spiritual aspects of addiction and recovery remain virtually unstudied, despite the fact that spirituality is given central importance in Alcoholics Anonymous and in the lives of many individuals. Traditional spiritual concepts have been relabelled to remove their transcendent dimension, and addiction researchers have acted as though spirituality plays no role in the lives of those they study. Consequently an entire class of potentially important variables is being overlooked. A majority of variance in addictive behaviors and treatment outcomes remains unexplained, a portion of which might be accounted for through the study of spiritual dependent, moderator, and independent variables. Behavioural scientists have begun to acknowledge the role of complex spiritual, moral, and decisional processes in the addictive behaviours. Though uncomfortable in some ways for both believers and unbelievers, the scientific study of spiritual processes may improve our understanding of the addictive behaviours, and our ability to prevent and treat these enduring problems. |
| Publication | Drug and Alcohol Review |
| Volume | 9 |
| Pages | 259-266 |
| Date | 1990 |
| DOI | 10.1080/09595239000185341 |
| Short Title | Spirituality |
| URL | http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/apl/cdar/1990/00000009/00000003/art00009 |
| Accessed | Thu Oct 22 16:42:31 2009 |
| Library Catalog | IngentaConnect |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
Objective: To replicate previous findings among adults of an inverse association between religiosity and substance use among a nationally representative sample of adolescents., Conclusion: Low levels of religiosity may be associated with adolescent onset of substance use and abuse.
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | William R. Miller |
| Abstract | Although religions have been far from silent on the use of psychoactive drugs, and spirituality has long been emphasized as an important factor in recovery from addiction, surprisingly little research has explored the relationships between these two phenomena. Current findings indicate that spiritual/religious involvement may be an important protective factor against alcohol/drug abuse. Individuals currently suffering from these problems are found to have a low level of religious involvement, and spiritual (re)engagement appears to be correlated with recovery. Reasons are explored for the lack of studies testing spiritual hypotheses, and promising avenues for future research are discussed. Comprehensive addictions research should include not only biomedical, psychological and socio-cultural factors but spiritual aspects of the individual as well. |
| Publication | Addiction |
| Volume | 93 |
| Issue | 7 |
| Pages | 979-990 |
| Date | 1998 |
| DOI | 10.1046/j.1360-0443.1998.9379793.x |
| URL | http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.1998.9379793.x |
| Accessed | Thu Oct 22 22:43:15 2009 |
| Library Catalog | Wiley InterScience |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
Current findings indicate that spiritual/religious involvement may be an important protective factor against alcohol/drug abuse. Individuals currently suffering from these problems are found to have a low level of religious involvement, and spiritual (re)engagement appears to be correlated with recovery.
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Lisa Miller |
| Author | Mark Davies |
| Author | Steven Greenwald |
| Abstract | Objective: To replicate previous findings among adults of an inverse association between religiosity and substance use among a nationally representative sample of adolescents., Method: Subjects were 676 (328 female and 348 male) adolescents in the National Comorbidity Survey who were assessed for substance use and abuse with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Religiosity was assessed through affiliation with religious denomination and through response to 7 questions concerning belief and practice., Results: Confirmatory factor analyses replicated in adolescents the 2 religiosity factors of personal devotion and personal conservatism previously identified by Kendler among adults, although the 2 factors were more highly correlated in adolescents than in adults. Personal devotion (a personal relationship with the Divine) and affiliation with more fundamentalist religious denominations were inversely associated with substance use and substance dependence or abuse across a range of substances (alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, or any contraband drug). Personal conservatism (a personal commitment to teaching and living according to creed) was inversely associated with use of alcohol only., Conclusion: Low levels of religiosity may be associated with adolescent onset of substance use and abuse., Copyright 2000 (C) American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry |
| Publication | Journal of the American Academy of Child |
| Volume | 39 |
| Issue | 9 |
| Pages | 1190-1197 |
| Date | 2000 |
| ISSN | 0890-8567 |
| Library Catalog | Ovid (Journals@Ovid) |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
Spiritual aspects of addiction and recovery remain virtually unstudied, despite the fact that spirituality is given central importance in Alcoholics Anonymous and in the lives of many individuals. Traditional spiritual concepts have been relabelled to remove their transcendent dimension, and addiction researchers have acted as though spirituality plays no role in the lives of those they study. Consequently an entire class of potentially important variables is being overlooked.
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Nouzar Nakhaee |
| Author | Kouros Divsalar |
| Author | Nadjme Jadidi |
| Abstract | OBJECTIVES: To find out the prevalence of cigarette smoking in a group of Iranian Muslim students and also to find out if there is a relationship between religious practices and cigarette smoking. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 950 university students in Kerman, Iran were asked to fill out a self-administered questionnaire consisting of questions on demographic data, cigarette smoking, and religious practices. It was explained that the study was anonymous and voluntary, and confidentiality was assured. RESULTS: All 833 subjects who participated in the study were Muslims, 54.1% of whom were female and 89.3% were single. Approximately 40% of male students and 5.8% of the female ones were smokers. Based on bivariate analysis, some differences were noted in the prevalence of smoking according to gender, marital status, income, average university scores, close friend's smoking, parental smoking, reading the Quran, saying prayers, mosque attendance, and fasting. Using multivariate analysis, male gender, higher income, lower average exam scores, and close friend's smoking being associated with the likelihood to smoke cigarettes. The odds ratio for cigarette smoking in the upper tertile compared with those in the lower tertile of religious activity was 0.53 (CI 95% 0.33-0.84). CONCLUSION: Religious activities may have a protective role against cigarette smoking among Muslim college students in the country. |
| Publication | International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine |
| Volume | 39 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 189-198 |
| Date | 2009 |
| Journal Abbr | Int J Psychiatry Med |
| ISSN | 0091-2174 |
| Accessed | Tue Feb 22 18:35:31 2011 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 19860077 |
| Date Added | Thu Sep 29 09:06:18 2011 |
| Modified | Thu Sep 29 09:06:18 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | James Alan Neff |
| Author | Samuel A MacMaster |
| Abstract | Despite increasing attention directed to conceptual and methodological issues surrounding spirituality and despite the centrality of "spiritual transformation" in the recovery literature, there is little systematic evidence to support the role of spiritual change as a necessary condition for substance abuse behavior change. As an explicit conceptualization of mechanisms underlying behavior change is fundamental to effective interventions, this article: 1) briefly reviews relevant behavior change theories to identify key variables underlying change; 2) presents an integrative conceptual framework articulating linkages between program components, behavior change processes, spiritual change mechanisms and substance abuse outcomes; and 3) presents a discussion of how the mechanisms identified in our model can be seen in commonly used substance abuse interventions. Overall, we argue that spiritual transformation at an individual level takes place in a social context involving peer influence, role modeling, and social reinforcement. |
| Publication | The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse |
| Volume | 31 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 669-684 |
| Date | 2005 |
| Journal Abbr | Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse |
| ISSN | 0095-2990 |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16318040 |
| Accessed | Fri Nov 13 15:30:52 2009 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 16318040 |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
This article: 1) briefly reviews relevant behavior change theories to identify key variables underlying change; 2) presents an integrative conceptual framework articulating linkages between program components, behavior change processes, spiritual change mechanisms and substance abuse outcomes; and 3) presents a discussion of how the mechanisms identified in our model can be seen in commonly used substance abuse interventions.
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | D A Pardini |
| Author | T G Plante |
| Author | A Sherman |
| Author | J E Stump |
| Abstract | Recently, mental health professionals have begun examining the potential value of religious faith and spirituality in the lives of individuals suffering from a variety of acute and chronic illnesses. This study explored the relation between religious faith, spirituality, and mental health outcomes in 236 individuals recovering from substance abuse. We found that recovering individuals tend to report high levels of religious faith and religious affiliation, but choose to rate themselves as being more spiritual than religious. Results also indicate that among recovering individuals, higher levels of religious faith and spirituality were associated with a more optimistic life orientation, greater perceived social support, higher resilience to stress, and lower levels of anxiety. This represents the largest self-report study to date examining the relation between religious faith, spirituality, and mental health outcomes among individuals recovering from substance abuse. |
| Publication | Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment |
| Volume | 19 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 347-354 |
| Date | Dec 2000 |
| Journal Abbr | J Subst Abuse Treat |
| ISSN | 0740-5472 |
| Short Title | Religious faith and spirituality in substance abuse recovery |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11166499 |
| Accessed | Thu Nov 12 20:48:56 2009 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 11166499 |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
This study explored the relation between religious faith, spirituality, and mental health outcomes in 236 individuals recovering from substance abuse. We found that recovering individuals tend to report high levels of religious faith and religious affiliation, but choose to rate themselves as being more spiritual than religious. Results also indicate that among recovering individuals, higher levels of religious faith and spirituality were associated with a more optimistic life orientation, greater perceived social support, higher resilience to stress, and lower levels of anxiety.
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Michelle J Pearce |
| Author | Clark M Rivinoja |
| Author | Harold G Koenig |
| Abstract | In this chapter, we explore the spiritual functioning and well-being of individuals and how this relates to mental health and recovery from alcoholism within the conceptual framework of Alcoholics Anonymous. We raise the question of whether the spiritually oriented focus of AA is a critical factor in achieving recovery. We suggest that examining the findings from a large body of research on religion and mental health may provide further insight into this question. Specifically, we assert that the mechanisms through which the spiritual focus of AA may influence recovery from alcoholism may be similar to the mechanisms through which spirituality may influence mental health. These potential explanatory mechanisms include the provision of a community, a narrative framework for meaning-making, a means of coping through submission and redemption, and prescribed lifestyle behaviors. |
| Publication | Recent Developments in Alcoholism: An Official Publication of the American Medical Society on Alcoholism, the Research Society on Alcoholism, and the National Council on Alcoholism |
| Volume | 18 |
| Pages | 187-208 |
| Date | 2008 |
| Journal Abbr | Recent Dev Alcohol |
| ISSN | 0738-422X |
| Short Title | Spirituality and health |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19115770 |
| Accessed | Fri Nov 13 19:46:05 2009 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 19115770 |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
In this chapter, we explore the spiritual functioning and well-being of individuals and how this relates to mental health and recovery from alcoholism within the conceptual framework of Alcoholics Anonymous.
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Douglas L Polcin |
| Author | Sarah Zemore |
| Abstract | Although helping others is a critical part of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and many treatment programs, measures for assessing helping and describing its relationship with sobriety are lacking. A sample of 200 subjects completed a Helper Therapy Scale including three subscales: Recovery Helping (alpha = 0.78), Life Helping (alpha = 0.62), and Community Helping (alpha = 0.60). A previous analysis using structural equation modeling found that length of sobriety predicted measures of spirituality, helping, and AA participation. The analysis reported here examined whether psychiatric severity was associated with these variables. Results indicated significant relationships between psychiatric severity and measures of spirituality (Self Transcendence, Forgiveness, Positive Coping, and Negative Coping) and AA Achievement (defined as completing the 12 steps and serving as a sponsor). However, no relationships were found between psychiatric severity and length of sobriety, the three Helper Therapy subscales, or AA involvement. The findings suggest that individuals with higher psychiatric severity may need assistance from their peers or professional service providers to develop a spiritual life, serve as a sponsor for others, or complete the steps of AA. |
| Publication | The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse |
| Volume | 30 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 577-592 |
| Date | Aug 2004 |
| Journal Abbr | Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse |
| ISSN | 0095-2990 |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15540494 |
| Accessed | Fri Nov 13 13:07:40 2009 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 15540494 |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
A sample of 200 subjects completed a Helper Therapy Scale including three subscales: Recovery Helping (alpha = 0.78), Life Helping (alpha = 0.62), and Community Helping (alpha = 0.60). Results indicated significant relationships between psychiatric severity and measures of spirituality (Self Transcendence, Forgiveness, Positive Coping, and Negative Coping) and AA Achievement (defined as completing the 12 steps and serving as a sponsor). However, no relationships were found between psychiatric severity and length of sobriety, the three Helper Therapy subscales, or AA involvement.
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Paul Priester |
| Author | Josh Scherer |
| Author | Jesse Steinfeldt |
| Author | Asma Jana-Masri |
| Author | Terri Jashinsky |
| Author | Janice Jones |
| Author | Cher Vang |
| Abstract | This study examines the prevalence of endorsing the twelve step approach and the use of prayer, meditation, and holistic techniques in a national sample of 139 substance abuse treatment centers. Ninety one percent of the programs endorsed a twelve step orientation. Twenty six percent of the programs actively used prayer and 58% used meditation as a component of treatment. Thirty three percent of the programs used some form of a self-designated holistic technique. There was a divergent range of techniques that were used by programs, falling into four broad categories: (1) nutrition, exercise, relaxation and physical health; (2) recreation and adventure-based activities; (3) religious and spiritual practices; and (4) the use of specific therapy modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Publication | Pastoral Psychology |
| Volume | 58 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 315-322 |
| Date | June 2009 |
| DOI | 10.1007/s11089-009-0196-8 |
| ISSN | 00312789 |
| Short Title | The Frequency of Prayer, Meditation and Holistic Interventions in Addictions Treatment |
| Library Catalog | EBSCOhost |
| Date Added | Thu Sep 29 09:06:18 2011 |
| Modified | Thu Sep 29 09:06:18 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Paul E. Priester |
| Author | Josh Scherer |
| Author | Jesse A. Steinfeldt |
| Author | Asma Jana-Masri |
| Author | Terri Jashinsky |
| Author | Janice E. Jones |
| Author | Cher Vang |
| Abstract | This study examines the prevalence of endorsing the twelve step approach and the use of prayer, meditation, and holistic techniques in a national sample of 139 substance abuse treatment centers. Ninety one percent of the programs endorsed a twelve step orientation. Twenty six percent of the programs actively used prayer and 58% used meditation as a component of treatment. Thirty three percent of the programs used some form of a self-designated holistic technique. There was a divergent range of techniques that were used by programs, falling into four broad categories: (1) nutrition, exercise, relaxation and physical health; (2) recreation and adventure-based activities; (3) religious and spiritual practices; and (4) the use of specific therapy modalities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract) |
| Publication | Pastoral Psychology |
| Volume | 58 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 315-322 |
| Date | June 2009 |
| DOI | 10.1007/s11089-009-0196-8 |
| ISSN | 0031-2789 |
| Short Title | The frequency of prayer, meditation and holistic interventions in addictions treatment |
| URL | http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.bu.edu/login.aspx? direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2009-07075-007&… |
| Accessed | Sat Sep 26 17:09:43 2009 |
| Library Catalog | EBSCOhost |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
This study examines the prevalence of endorsing the twelve step approach and the use of prayer, meditation, and holistic techniques in a national sample of 139 substance abuse treatment centers. There was a divergent range of techniques that were used by programs, falling into four broad categories: (1) nutrition, exercise, relaxation and physical health; (2) recreation and adventure-based activities; (3) religious and spiritual practices; and (4) the use of specific therapy modalities.
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Anamara Ritt-Olson |
| Author | Joel Milam |
| Author | Jennifer B Unger |
| Author | Dennis Trinidad |
| Author | Lorena Teran |
| Author | Clyde W Dent |
| Author | Steve Sussman |
| Abstract | PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of two potentially protective factors, Health-as-a-Value and spirituality, on monthly alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use in two multiethnic groups of adolescents varying in risk. METHODS: Three-hundred-eighty-two students from continuation/alternative high school, a population considered at risk for drug use, participated in the study. The other sample of 260 students was drawn from a medical magnet high school, and is considered to be at lower risk. Similar surveys containing measures of spirituality, "Health-as-a-Value," and monthly substance use, were distributed. Logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: The analyses revealed that spirituality was protective against monthly alcohol use and marijuana use in the lower risk sample. In the higher risk sample, spirituality was protective against all monthly use. "Health-as-a-Value" (HAV) was protective against monthly alcohol use in the low risk sample, and protective against all monthly use in the higher risk sample. Importantly, when both constructs were entered into the same model, spirituality and HAV were independently protective of all monthly use for the higher risk sample and of monthly alcohol use in the lower risk sample. CONCLUSIONS: These findings extend earlier work on protective factors. "Health-as-a-Value" and spirituality may be protective against substance use in environments with different levels of use. Future studies should explore these findings in longitudinal analyses. |
| Publication | The Journal of Adolescent Health: Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine |
| Volume | 34 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 192-199 |
| Date | Mar 2004 |
| Journal Abbr | J Adolesc Health |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2003.07.009 |
| ISSN | 1054-139X |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14967342 |
| Accessed | Fri Nov 13 12:44:55 2009 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 14967342 |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
Purpose: To investigate the influence of two potentially protective factors, Health-as-a-Value and spirituality, on monthly alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use in two multiethnic groups of adolescents varying in risk. Results: The analyses revealed that spirituality was protective against monthly alcohol use and marijuana use in the lower risk sample. In the higher risk sample, spirituality was protective against all monthly use.
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Sharon S Rostosky |
| Author | Fred Danner |
| Author | Ellen D B Riggle |
| Abstract | PURPOSE: Previous research has documented that substance use peaks during young adulthood and that religiosity provides a protective effect against binge drinking, marijuana use, and cigarette smoking. The majority of these studies do not examine sexual identity as it relates to these factors. Drawing on social influence and developmental theories, we tested the hypothesis that religiosity would provide a protective effect for heterosexual but not sexual minority young adults. METHOD: Waves 1 and 3 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health provided data for the study. Three young adult sexual identity groups were formed: sexual minorities who did not report same-sex attraction at Wave 1 (NA), sexual minorities who did report same-sex attraction at Wave 1 (SSA), and heterosexuals (HET) (sample n = 764). RESULTS: Religiosity measured at baseline had no significant effect on past-year substance use, measured six years later in sexual minority young adults. For heterosexual young adults, each unit increase in religiosity reduced the odds of binge drinking by 9%, marijuana use by 20%, and cigarette smoking by 13%. CONCLUSIONS: Religiosity was not protective against substance use in sexual minority young adults, cautioning against over-generalizing previous findings about the protective effects of religiosity. Future studies that 1) consider the social context for sexual identity development, 2) model both risk and protective factors, and 3) use multidimensional measures of religiosity (and spirituality) and sexual identity are needed to build the necessary knowledge base for effective health promotion efforts among sexual minority youth and young adults. |
| Publication | The Journal of Adolescent Health: Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine |
| Volume | 40 |
| Issue | 5 |
| Pages | 440-447 |
| Date | May 2007 |
| Journal Abbr | J Adolesc Health |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.11.144 |
| ISSN | 1879-1972 |
| Short Title | Is religiosity a protective factor against substance use in young adulthood? |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17448402 |
| Accessed | Fri Nov 13 17:37:26 2009 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 17448402 |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
Drawing on social influence and developmental theories, we tested the hypothesis that religiosity would provide a protective effect for heterosexual but not sexual minority young adults. Conclusions: Religiosity was not protective against substance use in sexual minority young adults, cautioning against over-generalizing previous findings about the protective effects of religiosity.
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Charles J. Sandoz |
| Publication | Journal of Ministry in Addiction & Recovery |
| Volume | 6 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 53 |
| Date | 1999 |
| DOI | 10.1300/J048v06n02_05 |
| ISSN | 1053-8755 |
| Short Title | The Spiritual Experience in Recovery |
| URL | http://www.informaworld.com/10.1300/J048v06n02_05 |
| Accessed | Thu Oct 22 22:46:33 2009 |
| Library Catalog | Informaworld |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Stephen M Saunders |
| Author | Valerie Lucas |
| Author | Lesley Kuras |
| Abstract | The idea that spiritual and religious functioning (SRF) is associated with alcohol misuse is generally supported, but problems with typical research methods limit the utility of findings. Problems in SRF were conceptualized as discrepancies between current and ideal SRF. Two separate studies were conducted to develop and evaluate a scale to measure the subjective importance and adequacy of aspects of SRF that seem to be associated with alcohol problems. The 1st study suggested that a questionnaire developed to evaluate self-reported ratings of current and ideal SRF is both internally consistent and temporally stable. In the 2nd study, the questionnaire was administered to persons seeking treatment for alcohol problems and persons who indicated that they had never sought treatment for an alcohol problem. Results indicate that those with a drinking problem were more likely to report substantial discrepancies between current and ideal SRF, supporting the validity of the measure as an indicator of problems in SRF. The usefulness of this method for treatment and research is discussed. |
| Publication | Psychology of Addictive Behaviors: Journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors |
| Volume | 21 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 404-408 |
| Date | Sep 2007 |
| Journal Abbr | Psychol Addict Behav |
| DOI | 10.1037/0893-164X.21.3.404 |
| ISSN | 0893-164X |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17874891 |
| Accessed | Fri Nov 13 17:57:06 2009 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 17874891 |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
The idea that spiritual and religious functioning (SRF) is associated with alcohol misuse is generally supported, but problems with typical research methods limit the utility of findings. Problems in SRF were conceptualized as discrepancies between current and ideal SRF. Two separate studies were conducted to develop and evaluate a scale to measure the subjective importance and adequacy of aspects of SRF that seem to be associated with alcohol problems.
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Nirbhay N Singh |
| Author | Giulio E Lancioni |
| Author | Alan S W Winton |
| Author | Ashvind N A Singh |
| Author | Judy Singh |
| Author | Angela D A Singh |
| Abstract | Smoking is a major risk factor for a number of health conditions and many smokers find it difficult to quit smoking without specific interventions. We developed and used a mindfulness-based smoking cessation program with a 31-year-old man with mild intellectual disabilities who had been a smoker for 17 years. The mindfulness-based smoking cessation program consisted of three components: intention, mindful observation of thoughts, and Meditation on the Soles of the Feet. A changing-criterion analysis showed that this man was able to fade his cigarette smoking from 12 at baseline to 0 within 3 months, and maintain this for a year. Follow-up data, collected every 3 months following the maintenance period, showed he was able to abstain from smoking for 3 years. Our study suggests that this mindfulness-based smoking cessation program merits further investigation. |
| Publication | Research in Developmental Disabilities |
| Volume | 32 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 1180-1185 |
| Date | 2011 May-Jun |
| Journal Abbr | Res Dev Disabil |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ridd.2011.01.003 |
| ISSN | 1873-3379 |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21288689 |
| Accessed | Wed Jun 8 18:37:24 2011 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 21288689 |
| Date Added | Thu Sep 29 08:54:49 2011 |
| Modified | Thu Sep 29 08:54:49 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Paul Spicer |
| Author | Marjorie Bezdek |
| Author | Spero M Manson |
| Author | Jan Beals |
| Abstract | In this brief report we summarize a pattern of findings that has emerged from our research on American Indian (AI) alcohol use and spirituality. With funds from the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and the Fetzer Institute (AA 13 053; P. Spicer, PI) we have used both epidemiologic and ethnographic methods to develop a more complete understanding of the role that spirituality and religion play in changes in drinking behavior among AIs. We begin by first situating the importance of research on spirituality in the more general literature on the AI experience with alcohol before highlighting our published findings in this area. We then close with some speculation about possible next steps in this research program to address what remains one of the most compelling sources of health disparities in the first nations of the United States. |
| Publication | Southern Medical Journal |
| Volume | 100 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 430-432 |
| Date | Apr 2007 |
| Journal Abbr | South. Med. J |
| ISSN | 0038-4348 |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17458417 |
| Accessed | Fri Nov 13 17:39:50 2009 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 17458417 |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Robert C Sterling |
| Author | Stephen Weinstein |
| Author | Peter Hill |
| Author | Edward Gottheil |
| Author | Susan M Gordon |
| Author | Kerry Shorie |
| Abstract | OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of this study was to examine whether admission differences in levels of spirituality predisposed alcohol-dependent individuals to favorable or unfavorable outcomes following admission to facilities that differed in the degree to which spirituality was emphasized. It was hypothesized that individuals whose admission level of spirituality was congruent with the treatment program's orientation and who as such were considered optimally placed (i.e., "matched") for treatment would evince better in-treatment outcomes. METHOD: Four hundred and five participants completed measures of spirituality and psychosocial well-being at intake and at end of treatment. RESULTS: In examining the entire sample, no matching effects were observed on discharge status, abstinence efficacy, or desire to drink. When analyses were restricted to those cases scoring in the upper or lower quartiles in spirituality, we observed a paradoxical effect, as individuals recording lower levels of spirituality at the less spiritual program evinced significantly poorer outcomes (i.e., less abstinence efficacy, greater desire to drink). CONCLUSIONS: These findings hint at the importance of spirituality in the environment of care, indicating that individuals low in spirituality were at risk for poorer outcomes, but exposure to a program that emphasized spirituality lowered that risk. |
| Publication | Journal of Studies on Alcohol |
| Volume | 67 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 600-606 |
| Date | Jul 2006 |
| Journal Abbr | J. Stud. Alcohol |
| ISSN | 0096-882X |
| Short Title | Levels of spirituality and treatment outcome |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16736080 |
| Accessed | Fri Nov 13 16:33:54 2009 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 16736080 |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
Objective: The primary aim of this study was to examine whether admission differences in levels of spirituality predisposed alcohol-dependent individuals to favorable or unfavorable outcomes following admission to facilities that differed in the degree to which spirituality was emphasized. Conclusions: These findings hint at the importance of spirituality in the environment of care, indicating that individuals low in spirituality were at risk for poorer outcomes, but exposure to a program that emphasized spirituality lowered that risk.
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Loren Toussaint |
| Abstract | The purpose of the present study was to examine the hypothesis that religious affiliation, attendance at religious services, and religious importance would be negatively associated with substance use and sexual behavior related to substance use. An additional hypothesis was tested to determine if age-related differences in the magnitude of these associations was present. Data from the National Survey of Family Growth were utilized to examine these hypotheses in 12,571 women and men. Results showed expected associations between religiousness and substance use and sexual behavior. No age differences in the magnitude of these associations were identified. Religiousness may offer protection from health risks, and faith-based public health efforts would do well to continue to develop education for both young and middle age individuals that incorporate key aspects of their faith and religious beliefs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract) |
| Publication | International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction |
| Volume | 7 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 311-323 |
| Date | April 2009 |
| DOI | 10.1007/s11469-008-9171-3 |
| ISSN | 1557-1874 |
| Library Catalog | EBSCOhost |
| Date Added | Thu Sep 29 09:06:18 2011 |
| Modified | Thu Sep 29 09:06:18 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Carmella Walker |
| Author | Michael G Ainette |
| Author | Thomas A Wills |
| Author | Don Mendoza |
| Abstract | The authors tested hypothesized pathways from religiosity to adolescent substance use (tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana) with data from samples of middle school (n = 1,273) and high school students (n = 812). Confirmatory analysis of measures of religiosity supported a 2-factor solution with behavioral aspects (belonging, attendance) and personal aspects (importance, value, spirituality, forgiveness) as distinct factors. Structural modeling analyses indicated inverse indirect effects of personal religiosity on substance use, mediated through more good self-control and less tolerance for deviance. Religiosity was correlated with fewer deviant peer affiliations and nonendorsement of coping motives for substance use but did not have direct effects on these variables. Parental support and parent-child conflict also had significant effects (with opposite direction) on substance use, mediated through self-control and deviance-prone attitudes. Implications for prevention research are discussed. |
| Publication | Psychology of Addictive Behaviors: Journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors |
| Volume | 21 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 84-96 |
| Date | Mar 2007 |
| Journal Abbr | Psychol Addict Behav |
| DOI | 10.1037/0893-164X.21.1.84 |
| ISSN | 0893-164X |
| Short Title | Religiosity and substance use |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17385958 |
| Accessed | Fri Nov 13 17:31:54 2009 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 17385958 |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
The authors tested hypothesized pathways from religiosity to adolescent substance use (tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana) with data from samples of middle school (n = 1,273) and high school students (n = 812). Confirmatory analysis of measures of religiosity supported a 2-factor solution with behavioral aspects (belonging, attendance) and personal aspects (importance, value, spirituality, forgiveness) as distinct factors.
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Robert D. Warfield |
| Author | Marc B. Goldstein |
| Publication | Counseling and Values |
| Volume | 40 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 196-205 |
| Date | 1996 |
| Journal Abbr | Counseling and Values |
| ISSN | ISSN-0160-7960 |
| Short Title | Spirituality |
| Library Catalog | ERIC |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Jon R. Webb |
| Author | Ken Brewer |
| Abstract | Evidence is growing regarding the salutary relationships between spirituality and health, including alcohol problems, yet little is known about spirituality and health in the context thereof. Cross-sectional associations between forgiveness and health were examined among college student problematic drinkers (n = 126; female = 60%; M age = 22) in Southern Appalachia. Controlling for demographic variables (including religiosity), dimensions of forgiveness accounted for 7—33 percent of the variance in the health-related variables in a salutary fashion. Forgiveness of Self appears to be the most important dimension of forgiveness measured, yet the most difficult to develop. |
| Publication | Journal of Health Psychology |
| Volume | 15 |
| Issue | 8 |
| Pages | 1257-1266 |
| Date | November 2010 |
| DOI | 10.1177/1359105310365177 |
| ISSN | 1359-1053 |
| Date Added | Thu Sep 29 08:59:00 2011 |
| Modified | Thu Sep 29 08:59:00 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Jon R Webb |
| Author | Elizabeth A R Robinson |
| Author | Kirk J Brower |
| Author | Robert A Zucker |
| Abstract | Forgiveness is argued to be highly relevant to problematic substance use, yet supportive empirical evidence is lacking. Findings are presented from a longitudinal study exploring the relationship between religiousness and spirituality (RS) variables and alcohol use disorders. We examined forgiveness of self (ForSelf), of others (ForOthers), and by God (ByGod), hypothesizing positive relationships with RS and negative relationships with alcohol use and consequences, at both baseline (N = 157) and six-month follow-up (N = 126). ForSelf scores were significantly lower than ForOthers and ByGod scores, and ForOthers scores increased modestly over time. ByGod was most consistently associated with other RS variables. ForSelf and ForOthers were associated with alcohol-related variables at both time points, and baseline ForSelf and ForOthers were associated with fewer drinking consequences at follow-up, but not after controlling for other pertinent variables. ForSelf may be most difficult to achieve and thus most important to recovery, thereby preventing full recovery and fostering relapses. |
| Publication | Journal of Addictive Diseases |
| Volume | 25 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 55-67 |
| Date | 2006 |
| Journal Abbr | J Addict Dis |
| ISSN | 1055-0887 |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16956870 |
| Accessed | Fri Nov 13 16:50:57 2009 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 16956870 |
| Date Added | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
| Modified | Sat Oct 1 16:55:15 2011 |
Findings are presented from a longitudinal study exploring the relationship between religiousness and spirituality (RS) variables and alcohol use disorders. We examined forgiveness of self (ForSelf), of others (ForOthers), and by God (ByGod), hypothesizing positive relationships with RS and negative relationships with alcohol use and consequences, at both baseline (N = 157) and six-month follow-up (N = 126). ForSelf may be most difficult to achieve and thus most important to recovery, thereby preventing full recovery and fostering relapses.
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Gayle M Wells |
| Abstract | Religiosity and campus culture were examined in relationship to alcohol consumption among college students using reference group theory. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: College students (N = 530) at a religious college and at a state university complete questionnaires on alcohol use and religiosity. Statistical tests and logistic regression were utilized to examine alcohol use, religiosity, and campus environment. RESULTS: Alcohol consumption was significantly higher among students at the university (M = 26.9 drinks) versus students at the religious college (M = 11.9 drinks). University students also had lower religiosity scores (M = 23.8) than students at the religious college (M = 26.5). Students who attend a secular university are 4 times more likely to be moderate or heavy drinkers compared to students attending a religiously affiliated college. Students with the least religiosity were 27 times more likely to be a heavy alcohol user and 9 times more likely to be a moderate alcohol user compared to students with greater religiosity. |
| Publication | Journal of American College Health: J of ACH |
| Volume | 58 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 295-304 |
| Date | 2010 Jan-Feb |
| Journal Abbr | J Am Coll Health |
| DOI | 10.1080/07448480903380250 |
| ISSN | 1940-3208 |
| Accessed | Thu Mar 4 08:57:56 2010 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 20159753 |
| Date Added | Thu Sep 29 09:04:02 2011 |
| Modified | Thu Sep 29 09:04:02 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Jerf W K Yeung |
| Author | Yuk-Chung Chan |
| Author | Boris L K Lee |
| Abstract | In this meta-analysis, the magnitude of the protective effects of religiosity on youth involvement in substance use was investigated. Based on 22 studies in peer-reviewed journals published between 1995 and 2007, the average weighted mean correlation was Zr = .16, significant regardless of the definitions of religiosity. The homogeneity test of variance showed consistent protective effects of religiosity on four types of substance use, namely, alcohol, cigarette, marijuana, and other illicit drugs. |
| Publication | Psychological Reports |
| Volume | 105 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 255-266 |
| Date | Aug 2009 |
| Journal Abbr | Psychol Rep |
| ISSN | 0033-2941 |
| Short Title | Youth religiosity and substance use |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19810452 |
| Accessed | Mon Nov 2 21:54:06 2009 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 19810452 |
| Date Added | Thu Sep 29 09:04:55 2011 |
| Modified | Thu Sep 29 09:04:55 2011 |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Hua-Hie Yong |
| Author | Stephen L Hamann |
| Author | Ron Borland |
| Author | Geoffrey T Fong |
| Author | Maizurah Omar |
| Abstract | In recent years, attempts have been made to incorporate religion into tobacco control efforts, especially in countries like Malaysia and Thailand where religion is central to the lives of people. This paper is a prospective examination of the perceived relevance and role of religion and religious authorities in influencing smoking behaviour among Muslims in Malaysia and Buddhists in Thailand. Data were collected from 1482 Muslim Malaysian and 1971 Buddhist Thai adult smokers who completed wave 1 (early 2005) of the International Tobacco Control Southeast Asia Survey (ITC-SEA). Respondents were asked about the role of religion and religious leadership on smoking at Wave 1 and among those recontacted, quitting activity at Wave 2. Results revealed that over 90% of both religious groups reported that their religion guides their day-to-day behaviour at least sometimes, but Malaysian Muslims were more likely to report that this was always the case. The majority (79% Muslims and 88% Buddhists) of both groups believed that their religion discourages smoking. About 61% of the Muslims and 58% of the Buddhists reported that their religious leaders had encouraged them to quit before and a minority (30% and 26%, respectively) said they would be an influential source to motivate them to quit. Logistic regression models suggest that these religious factors had a clear independent association with making quitting attempts in both countries and this translated to success for Malaysian Muslims but not for the Thai Buddhists. Taken together, results from this study indicate that religion and religious authorities are both relevant and important drivers of quitting, but whether this is always enough to guarantee success is less clear. Religion can be a culturally relevant vehicle to complement other tobacco control efforts. |
| Publication | Social Science & Medicine |
| Volume | 69 |
| Issue | 7 |
| Pages | 1025-1031 |
| Date | Oct 2009 |
| Journal Abbr | Soc Sci Med |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.07.042 |
| ISSN | 1873-5347 |
| Short Title | Adult smokers' perception of the role of religion and religious leadership on smoking and association with quitting |
| URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19695758 |
| Accessed | Mon Sep 28 22:35:53 2009 |
| Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
| Extra | PMID: 19695758 |
| Date Added | Thu Sep 29 09:05:21 2011 |
| Modified | Thu Sep 29 09:05:21 2011 |