Section III: APPOINTMENTS/ POSITIONS

(A) Heritage Management-related Administrative Appointments
(B) Teaching Appointments in England, U.S.A. and Pakistan
(C) Professionally-related International Appointments and Assignments

(A): Heritage Management-related Administrative Appointments in Pakistan
Between 1958 and 1996 (38 years), held positions various ranks and designations in the Department of Archaeology and Museums, Pakistan’s Federal Government except for appointments as Archaeological Advisor to the Government of Bahrain (1980-1982), Senior Fulbright Scholar, U.S.A. (1988-89), Visiting Lecturer (UC Berkeley and other campuses (1977) and graduate study at the University of Pennsylvania, U.S.A. (1967-1970). All are listed below (in reverse order):

  1. Director General of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Pakistan,
    Karachi: 1993 to 1996 – (3 years)
  2. Director of Archaeology (Heritage Preservation & Management),
    Lahore: 1983-88 & 1989-93 – (9 years)
  3. Director of Explorations and Excavations, Government of Pakistan,
    Karachi: 1973 to 1977 and 1982-83 – (5 years)
  4. Archaeological Advisor, Government of Bahrain, 1980–1982 – (2 years)
  5. Director, National Museum of Pakistan
    Karachi: 1979-80 – (1 year)
  6. Assistant Director of Explorations & Excavations, Government of Pakistan,
    Karachi: 1966-67 & 1971 to 1973 – (3 years)
  7. Field Officer, Explorations and Excavations, Government of Pakistan,
    Karachi: 1961-1966 – (5 years)
  8. Curator-in-charge, Archaeological Museum, Harappa: 1959-61 – (2 years)

(B). Teaching Appointments in the U.S.A., England and Pakistan
(for more than 10 academic years)

1977 University of California, Berkeley, Department of South and Southeast Asian Studies (Spring Semester)
Taught two courses:
- Prehistory of South Asia and
- Seminar on the Indus Civilization

1987-88 University of the Punjab, Lahore, Department of History (Fall and Spring Semesters)
Taught two courses:
- Science of Archaeology and
- Cultural History of South Asia

1988 University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Department of Anthropology. (Fall Semester)
Taught one course with Prof. Gregory L. Possehl on:
- South Asian Prehistory

1990 Pakistan Institute of Archaeological Training & Research, Lahore. (Three months)
Taught one course on:
- Archaeology of Pakistan and Adjoining Regions

1991-92 University of the Punjab, Lahore, Department of History (Fall and Spring Semesters)
Taught two courses:
- Theory and Methods in Archaeology
- Archaeology of India and Pakistan

1996 University of the Punjab, Lahore, Department of History (Fall Semester)
Taught one course:
- Cultural History of India and Pakistan

1997 and 1998 Boston University, Department of Archaeology, Boston. (Two Spring Semesters)
Taught two courses in 1997 and one in 1998:
- Archaeology of South Asia
- International Heritage Management

1999 - 2000 Harvard University, Department of Anthropology / Asia Center (Fall Semester)
Research work and participation in seminar on the “Indus Civilization, Language and Civilization” with three other faculty members. Gave lectures on selected topics relating to the Indus Civilization.

2000 University of California, Berkeley, Department of Anthropology. (Spring Semester)
Taught two courses:
- Archaeology of South Asia and
- Complex Societies of the Indus and Ganges Valleys

2000-to date Boston University, Department of Archaeology.
Teaching the following undergraduate and graduate courses (2 courses each semester)
- AR 261: Heritage of Asia
- AR 262: Asian Gods and Goddesses
- AR 360: The Indus Valley
- AR 480-/780: Archaeological Ethics and Law
- AR 560: Archaeology of South Asia
- AR 810: International Heritage Management
New courses being developed:
- Civilizations of Central and South Asia
- Buddhist Art and Archaeology of Asia
- Early Islamic Art & Archaeology
- Heritage Management and Preservation: Theory & Practice

(Director of Field Schools for training in Archaeological Methods)
Organized field schools at the following sites of major excavations:
(Pakistan)
1962-63 (Three months) at Banbhore
1963-64 (Four months) at Banbhore
1965-66 (Four months) at Mansura
1974 (Three months) at Jhukar
(Bahrain)
1980-81 (Four months) at Sar
1981-82 (Five months) at Sar and Museum Lab.

(C) Professionally- related International Appointments and Consulting Assignments

* Archaeological ADVISOR to the Government of Bahrain, Directorate of Antiquities, Ministry of Information, for two years from October 1980 to October 1982.

* THE WORLD BANK Consultant for Cultural Heritage Assessment of Fordwah Eastern Sadiqia (South) Sub-surface Drainage Project in Bahawalnagar district, Punjab, Pakistan during September 1998 and May-June 1999.

* UNESCO Consultant on special assignment for the preparation of Feasibility Report on the Establishment of International Institute of Comparative Civilizations at Taxila in the context of Silk Roads Project from October to December 1996. (This Institute has now been established).

* On UNESCO, Beijing Office assignment for an Assessment of Hanyuan Hall Conservation Project, Xi’an, a joint work of the National Administration for Cultural Heritage, China and Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan between March 5 and 8, 2001.

* National Project Coordinator of Pakistan, Japan and UNESCO for the Investigation and Preservation of Gandhara Monuments, 1995 – 96.

* Visiting Fellow and Professor at Churchill College, Cambridge University, U.K. jointly sponsored with the British Academy, to conduct research on Settlement Patterns and Cultural Landscape of Northern South Asia, early October 1998 to March 1999.

* Senior FULBRIGHT Scholar, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, U.S.A.,
1988 –1989 for research and lecturing.

1998- to date: Assignments as International Expert/ Consultant to the ICOMOS (International Council on Monuments and Sites) for evaluation of the following sites:

  • Evaluated ancient Merv (Turkmenistan) proposed for inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List, December 1998.
  • Evaluated Longmen Grottoes (China) proposed to be inscribed on the World Heritage List of UNESCO, January 2000.
  • Evaluated Yungang Grottoes (China), proposed for inscription on the UNESCO, World Heritage List, February 28 – March 4, 2001.
  • Evaluated Pasargadae, (Iran), proposed for inscription as the World Heritage, August 9 – 13, 2003.
  • Evaluated Kunya-Urgengh (Turkmenistan) during August 14 to 22, 2004 for inscription to World Heritage List.

Representated ICOMOS (International Council on Monuments and Sites), Paris
- At the Sub-Regional Meeting on Conserving Himalayan Heritage: The Role of the World Heritage Convention, held at Kathmandu (Nepal), August - September 1998.
- At the Global Strategy Expert Meeting for Central Asian Cultural Heritage held at Ashgabat and Mary (Turkmenistan), 11 to 17 May, 2000 organized by the UNESCO’s World Heritage Centre.
- On Reactive Monitoring Mission to Lumbini (Nepal), June 20 – 23, 2000 organized by the UNESCO’s World Heritage Centre.