Selected Publications: Iain M. Cockburn

See my C.V. for the full list.

Software Patents and Innovation in Information Technology

Cockburn, Iain, and Megan MacGarvie "Entry and Patenting in the Software Industry" Management Science, 2011, 57(5):915-933. Cockburn, Iain, and Megan MacGarvie "Patents, Thickets and the Financing of Early-Stage Firms: Evidence from the Software Industry" Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 2009, 18(3):729-773 Klies, Landon, Paul Chwelos, Raul Ramirez and Iain Cockburn "Information Technology and Intangible Output: The Impact of IT Investment on Innovation Productivity." Information Systems Research, 2012, 23:42-59. Wagner, Stefan, and Iain Cockburn "Patents and the Survival of Internet-related IPOs." Research Policy, 2010, 39(2):214-228. Chwelos, Paul, Ernst Berndt, and Iain Cockburn "Faster, Smaller, Cheaper: An Hedonic Price Analysis of PDAs." Applied Economics, 2008, 40(22):2839-56. Cockburn, Iain, Henderson, Rebecca, and Scott Stern "The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Innovation: An Exploratory Analysis." in The Economics of Artificial Intelligence: An Agenda, Ajay K. Agrawal, Joshua Gans, and Avi Goldfarb, eds., University of Chicago Press, forthcoming.

Economics of Intellectual Property

Cockburn, Iain, Jenny Lanjouw, and Mark Schankerman “Patents and the Global Diffusion of New Drugs.” American Economic Review, 2016, 106(1):136-164. Agrawal, Ajay, Iain Cockburn, and Laurina Zhang "Deals Not Done: Sources of Failure in the Market for Ideas." Strategic Management Journal, 2015, 26:976-986. Cockburn, Iain and Genia Long “The Importance of Patents to Innovation: Updated Cross-Industry Comparisons with Biopharmaceuticals.” Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2015, 25(7):739-742. Mueller, Elisabeth, Iain Cockburn, and Megan MacGarvie "Access to intellectual property for innovation: Evidence on problems and coping strategies from German firms." Research Policy, 2013, 42(2):529-541. Cockburn, Iain, Megan MacGarvie, and Elisabeth Mueller "Patent Thickets, Licensing and Innovative Performance." Industrial and Corporate Change, 2010, 19(3): 899-925. Cockburn, Iain "Blurred Boundaries: Tensions Between Open Scientific Resources and Commercial Exploitation of Knowledge in Biomedical Research" Cockburn, Iain, Sam Kortum, and Scott Stern "Are All Patent Examiners Equal? The Impact of Examiner Characteristics On Patent Statistics and Litigation Outcomes." NBER Working Paper No. 8980 Cockburn, Iain "State Street Meets the Human Genome Project." Chapter in R. Hahn (ed.) Intellectual Property Rights in Frontier Industries, AEI-Brookings Press, 2005 Cockburn, Iain, and Paul Chwelos "Intellectual Property Rights and the Transition to the Knowledge-based Economy." In L. Lefebvre (ed.) Doing Business in the Knowledge-based Economy, JAI Press, 2001.  Lanjouw, Jean, and Iain Cockburn "New Pills For Poor People? Empirical Evidence After GATT." World Development, February 2001, 29(2), pp. 265-289. abstract  Cockburn, Iain, and Zvi Griliches "Industry Effects and Appropriability Measures in the Stock Market's Valuation of R&D and Patents." American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings, 1988, 78(2), pp. 419-423. abstract

Business Strategy

Cockburn, Iain, Rebecca Henderson, and Scott Stern "Untangling the Origins of Competitive Advantage." Strategic Management Journal, December 2000, 21(10-11), pp. 1123-1145. abstract  Amit, Raphael, Eitan Muller, and Iain Cockburn "Opportunity Costs and Entrepreneurial Activity." Journal of Business Venturing, 1994, 10, pp. 95-106. abstract  Henderson, Rebecca, and Iain Cockburn "Measuring Competence: Exploring Firm Effects in Pharmaceutical Research." Strategic Management Journal, 1994, 15, pp. 63-84. abstract

Economics of R&D

Freedman, Leonard, Iain Cockburn, and Timothy Simcoe “The Economics of Reproducibility in Preclinical Research.” PLOS Biology, 13(6): e1002165. Berndt, Ernst, and Iain Cockburn “Price Indexes for Clinical Trial Research: A Feasibility Study.” Monthly Labor Review, June 2014. Cockburn, Iain, and Scott Stern "Finding the Endless Frontier: Lessons from the Life Sciences Innovation System for Technology Policy." Capitalism and Society, 2010, 5(1), article 1. Cockburn, Iain "Intellectual Property Rights and Pharmaceuticals: Challenges and Opportunities for Economic Research." WIPO Grabowski, Henry, Iain Cockburn, and Genia Long "The Market for Follow-on Biologics: How Will It Evolve?" Health Affairs, 2006, 25(5), pp.1291-1301. Cockburn, Iain "The Changing Structure of the Pharmaceutical Industry." Health Affairs, 2004, 23(1), pp.10-22. Cockburn, Iain, and Rebecca Henderson "Scale and Scope in Drug Development: Unpacking the Advantages of Size in Pharmaceutical Research." Journal of Health Economics, 2001, 20(6), pp.1033-1057. Cockburn, Iain, and Rebecca Henderson "Absorptive Capacity, Coauthoring Behavior, and the Organization of Research in Drug Discovery." Journal of Industrial Economics, 1998, 46(2), pp. 157-182. abstract  Henderson, Rebecca, and Iain Cockburn "Scale, Scope, and Spillovers: Determinants of Research Productivity in the Pharmaceutical Industry." RAND Journal of Economics, Spring 1996, 27(1), pp. 32-59.  abstract  Cockburn, Iain, and Rebecca Henderson "Racing to Invest? The Dynamics of Competition in Ethical Drug Discovery." Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 1994, 3(3), pp. 481-519. abstract

Economic Geography

Agrawal, Ajay, Iain Cockburn, Alberto Galasso, and Alex Oettl "Why are some regions more innovative than others? The role of small firms in the presence of large labs.” Journal of Urban Economics, 2014, 81(1), 149–165. working paper version Agrawal, Ajay, Iain Cockburn, and Carlos Rosell "Not Invented Here: Creative Myopia and Company Towns" Journal of Urban Economics, 2010, 67(1):78-89. Cockburn, Iain, and Matt Slaughter "The Global Location of Biopharmaceutical Knowledge Activity: New Findings, New Questions" Innovation Policy and the Economy, Volume 10 Agrawal, Ajay, Iain Cockburn, John McHale "Gone But Not Forgotten: Labor Flows, Knowledge Spillovers, and Enduring Social Capital." Journal of Economic Geography, 2006, 6(5), pp. 571-591. Working paper version Furman, Jeffrey, Margaret Kyle, Iain Cockburn, and Rebecca Henderson "Public and Private Spillovers, Location and the Productivity of Pharmaceutical Research." Annales d'Economie et de Statistique, 2005, No. 79/80, pp. 167-190 Agrawal, Ajay, and Iain Cockburn "University Research, Industrial R&D, and the Anchor Tenant Hypothesis." International Journal of Industrial Organization, 2003, 21(9), pp. 1217-1433 Working paper version

Pharmaceutical Pricing and Demand Studies

Murray L. Aitken, Ernst R. Berndt, Barry Bosworth, Iain M. Cockburn, Richard Frank, Michael Kleinrock, Bradley T. Shapiro "The Regulation of Prescription Drug Competition and Market Responses: Patterns in Prices and Sales Following Loss of Exclusivity." NBER Working Paper No. 19487. Berndt, Ernst, Iain Cockburn, Douglas Cocks, Arnold Epstein, and Zvi Griliches "Prescription Drug Prices for the Elderly." Monthly Labor Review, September 1998, 121(9), pp. 23-34 Ellison, Sarah, Iain Cockburn, Zvi Griliches, and Jerry Hausman "Characteristics of Demand for Pharmaceutical Products: An Examination of Four Cephalosporins." RAND Journal of Economics, 1997, 28(3), pp. 426-446.  abstract Berndt, Ernst, Iain Cockburn, and Zvi Griliches "Pharmaceutical Innovations and Market Dynamics: Tracking Effects on Price Indexes for Anti-Depressant Drugs." Brookings Papers on Economic Activity: Microeconomics, 1996, 1, pp. 133-188. Griliches, Zvi, and Iain Cockburn "Generics and New Goods in Pharmaceutical Price Indexes." American Economic Review, 1995, 84(5), pp. 1213-1232. abstract

Econometrics

Wang, Peiming, Marty Puterman, Nhu Le, and Iain Cockburn "Mixed Poisson Models With Covariate-Dependent Rates." Biometrics, 1996, 52, pp. 381-400. Wang, Peiming, Iain Cockburn, and Marty Puterman "Analysis of Patent Data - A Mixed Poisson Regression Approach." Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 1998, 16(1), pp. 27-41.

Pharmaceutical and Health Economics

Berndt, Ernst, and Iain Cockburn “The Hidden Cost of Low Prices: Limited Access to New Drugs in India.” Health Affairs, 2014, 33(9):1567-1575. Aitken, Murray, Ernst Berndt, Barry Bosworth, Iain Cockburn, Robert Frank, Morris Kleinrock, and Ben Shapiro “The Regulation of Prescription Drug Competition and Market Responses: Patterns in Prices and Sales Following Loss of Exclusivity.” NBER Working Paper No. 18487, October 2013. Berndt, Ernst, Iain Cockburn, and Karen Grepin "The Impact of Incremental Innovation in Biopharmaceuticals: Drug Utilization in Original and Supplemental Indications." Pharmacoeconomics, 2006, 24 Suppl. 2, pp. 69-83. Stafford, Randall, Curt Furberg, Stan Finkelstein, Iain Cockburn, Tseday Alehegn, and Jun Ma "The Impact of Clinical Trial Results On National Trends in Alpha-Blocker Prescribing, 1996-2002."> JAMA, 2004, 291, pp.54-62. Ma, Jun, Randall Stafford, Iain Cockburn, and Stan Finkelstein "A Statistical Analysis of the Magnitude and Composition of Drug Promotion in the U.S." Clinical Therapeutics, 2003; 25(5), pp.1503-1517. Stafford, Randall, Jun Ma, Stan Finkelstein, Kenan Haver, and Iain Cockburn "National Trends in Asthma Visits and Asthma Pharmacotherapy, 1978-2002." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2003, 111(4), pp.729-735. Cockburn, Iain, Howard Bailit, Ernst Berndt, and Stan Finkelstein "Loss of Work Productivity Due to Illness and Medical Treatment." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, November 1999, 41(11), pp. 1-6. Cockburn, Iain, Howard Bailit, Ernst Berndt, and Stan Finkelstein "When Antihistamines Go To Work." Business and Health, March 1999, 17(3), pp. 49-50.

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