@book{kazembe_culture_2011,
	title = {Culture, Traditional Religion, and Primary Healthcare in Zimbabwe},
	isbn = {3844327061},
	shorttitle = {Culture, Traditional Religion, and Primary Healthcare in Zimbabwe},
	publisher = {Lambert Academic Publishing},
	author = {Kazembe, Takawira},
	month = apr,
	year = {2011}
},

@article{schnitzer_negotiating_2011,
	title = {Negotiating the pathways into care in a globalizing world: help-seeking behaviour of {ultra-Orthodox} Jewish parents},
	volume = {57},
	issn = {1741-2854},
	shorttitle = {Negotiating the pathways into care in a globalizing world},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21343210},
	doi = {10.1177/0020764008105291},
	abstract = {{BACKGROUND} The study of the pathways into care as a social process subject to a wide range of influences is needed to build appropriate and effective mental health services for culturally diverse societies. {MATERIAL} Grounded theory and situational analysis of 21 in-depth interviews explores the help-seeking behaviour of {ultra-Orthodox} Jewish parents: which help-seeking pathways parents follow and how they make the decision to consult regular services for their child. {DISCUSSION} Three help-seeking pathways are influenced by globalization dynamics and gender: parents draw on diverse parenting discourses and strategies, socio-religious frameworks and cultural realities. {CONCLUSION} Strategies are suggested to enhance the accessibility of services.},
	number = {2},
	journal = {The International Journal of Social Psychiatry},
	author = {Schnitzer, Gila and Loots, Gerrit and Escudero, Valentin and Schechter, Isaac},
	month = mar,
	year = {2011},
	note = {{PMID:} 21343210},
	pages = {153--165}
},

@book{furness_religion_2010,
	address = {Bristol},
	title = {Religion, belief and social work : making a difference},
	isbn = {9781861349828},
	publisher = {Policy},
	author = {Furness, Sheila},
	year = {2010}
},

@article{woodland_implications_2009,
	title = {Implications for the delivery of spiritual care in Canadian healthcare: a perspective from a Canadian health authority},
	volume = {63},
	issn = {1542-3050},
	shorttitle = {Implications for the delivery of spiritual care in Canadian healthcare},
	abstract = {Recognizing multiple challenges in the delivery of spiritual care, Fraser Health conducted a review of their spiritual care services in comparison to the spiritual care delivered in other Canadian health regions/authorities (2005-2006). Based on data received from the other health service areas, Fraser Health staff, and community focus groups, along with a review of literature and best practices, a reconstruction of spiritual care delivery has been initiated. This article outlines the results of a Canadian survey of health care chaplains, stakeholder consultations, and the implications for spiritual care delivery in Canada. The newly developed Fraser Health Tenets and Model for Spiritual Care, along with the recommendations of the project for the reconstruction and enhancement of spiritual care delivery in Fraser Health are discussed.},
	number = {1-2},
	journal = {The Journal of Pastoral Care \& Counseling: {JPCC}},
	author = {Woodland, Gloria J and Tayler, Carolyn M},
	year = {2009},
	note = {{PMID:} 20196358},
	keywords = {Canada, Health Care Surveys, Humans, Interviews as Topic, National Health Programs, Pastoral Care, Review Literature as Topic, spirituality},
	pages = {10--11-10}
},

@article{el_hamri_approaches_2010,
	title = {Approaches to family planning in Muslim communities},
	volume = {36},
	issn = {1471-1893},
	doi = {10.1783/147118910790291019},
	abstract = {Addressing the cultural and religious beliefs around the issue of family planning has been a big challenge for the international development community. The concept of family planning has raised some concerns regarding its acceptability within Muslim populations. While some Muslim states and organisations have adopted a rather cautious approach to the issue, others have gone to the extent of inviting religious leaders to present religiously sound interpretations (fatwa) on the subject. Alongside these deliberations are some alarming statistics on maternal health. The World Health Organization estimates that worldwide 211 million women become pregnant each year and that about two-thirds of them deliver live infants. The remaining one-third of pregnancies end in miscarriage, stillbirth or induced abortion. Some 200 million women in developing countries have an unmet need for effective contraception. These statistics and the ongoing discussion surrounding family planning in the Muslim communities raise legitimate questions. How is family planning perceived within the Muslim community? Does Islam address the issue of family planning? Is it permissible? How should appropriate family planning programmes within Muslim settings be developed and applied? This article seeks to present the ongoing debate on family planning within the Muslim community and offer recommendations to organisations for effective strategy implementation of family planning programmes within Muslim settings. The article provides a brief background on the historical development of family planning in the Muslim community, and outlines Muslim perceptions on this issue. It concludes with recommendations for non-governmental organisations on how to effectively implement acceptable family planning programmes within Muslim settings.},
	number = {1},
	journal = {The Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care / Faculty of Family Planning \& Reproductive Health Care, Royal College of Obstetricians \& Gynaecologists},
	author = {El Hamri, Najat},
	month = jan,
	year = {2010},
	note = {{PMID:} 20067669},
	pages = {27--31}
},

@article{rogers_rationality_2009,
	title = {Rationality, rhetoric, and religiosity in health care: the case of England's Expert Patients Programme},
	volume = {39},
	issn = {0020-7314},
	shorttitle = {Rationality, rhetoric, and religiosity in health care},
	abstract = {Policymakers have associated the increasing prevalence and incidence of chronic illness with the threat of unsustainable demands for medical services, requiring deployment of effective demand-management strategies. In this article, the authors consider the rise in policy interest in self-management and examine the metaphors, discourse, official statements, policy developments, and goals shaping the field of chronic illness, especially surrounding the promotion and uptake of self-skills training in England's Expert Patients Programme {(EPP).} They discuss the shift in relationship between individuals and the state since the 1960s and 1970s; the rise in importance of self-management in relation to an aging population; the evidence and rhetoric associated with policy development; and the relationship of self-care to the notion of the "responsible patient," as seen in policy implementation and {EPP} course promotion. The authors also draw on qualitative research to examine the transmission of ideology and rhetoric in self-skills training. Self-management policies are part of a shift from patient rights to individual responsibilities, a shift that may be less persuasive than its supporters imagine.},
	number = {4},
	journal = {International Journal of Health Services: Planning, Administration, Evaluation},
	author = {Rogers, Anne and Bury, Michael and Kennedy, Anne},
	year = {2009},
	note = {{PMID:} 19927412},
	keywords = {Chronic Disease, England, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Patient Education as Topic, Patient Participation, Policy Making, Program Development, Self Care, Self Efficacy},
	pages = {725--747}
},

@article{kaplan_stirring_2009,
	title = {Stirring up the Mud: Using a {Community-Based} Participatory Approach to Address Health Disparities through a {Faith-Based} Initiative},
	volume = {20},
	issn = {1049-2089},
	shorttitle = {Stirring up the Mud},
	url = {http://apps.isiknowledge.com.ezproxy.bu.edu/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=6&SID=3ANFje6OGleF8pmPA3l&page=1&doc=45&cacheurlFromRightClick=no},
	abstract = {This case study provides a mid-course assessment of the Bronx Health {REACH} faith-based initiative four years into its implementation. The study uses qualitative methods to identify lessons learned and to reflect oil the benefits and challenges of using a community-based participatory approach for the development and evaluation of a faith-based program designed to address health disparities. Key findings concern the role of pastoral leadership, the importance of providing a religious context for health promotion and health equality messages, the challenges of creating a bilingual/bi-cultural program, and the need to provide management support to the lay program coordinators. The study also identifies lessons learned about community-based evaluation and the importance of addressing community concern about the balance between evaluation and program. Finally, the study identifies the challenges that lie ahead, including issues of program institutionalization and sustainability.},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved},
	author = {Kaplan, {SA} and Ruddock, C and Golub, M and Davis, J and Foley, R and Devia, C and Rosen, R and Berry, C and Barretto, B and Carter, T and {Irish-Spencer}, E and Marchena, M and Purcaro, E and Calman, N},
	month = nov,
	year = {2009},
	pages = {1111--1123}
},

@article{bentur_attitudes_2010,
	title = {Attitudes of stakeholders and policymakers in the healthcare system towards the provision of spiritual care in Israel},
	volume = {96},
	issn = {1872-6054},
	doi = {10.1016/j.healthpol.2009.12.006},
	abstract = {{INTRODUCTION} {AND} {AIM:} Spiritual-care services and chaplaincy in the medical system are provided to people with serious illnesses, aiming to help them achieve moments of peace and acceptance while contending with illness or facing death. Chaplaincy has been available in Europe and in the {U.S.} for many decades, but such programs started to develop in Israel only few years ago. This paper examines the attitudes of stakeholders, directors and policymakers in the healthcare system towards the provision of spiritual care and the development of such programs. {METHOD:} We conducted in-depth face-to-face interviews with 16 individuals in the healthcare system. All the interviews were transcribed in full and analyzed using qualitative study methods. {FINDINGS:} Most of the interviewees had little knowledge of spiritual care and many mentioned barriers and challenges to its implementation in the healthcare system. These issues include: lack of knowledge and understanding about spiritual care precluding impeded their ability to evaluate its suitability for the healthcare services; confusion between spiritual care and religion; concerns about potential conflict with other professionals, especially social workers; barriers to funding of the new services; barriers to the successful integration of new ideas; and concerns about formal training and accreditation of the new profession. {IMPLICATIONS} {FOR} {POLICY:} Spiritual care has begun to take root in Israel's health system, but it is still at an early stage of development. Implementation must continue apace and careful consideration must be given to optimizing its acceptance by the establishment.},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Health Policy},
	author = {Bentur, Netta and Resnitzky, Shirli and Sterne, Abram},
	month = jun,
	year = {2010},
	note = {{PMID:} 20071051},
	pages = {13--19}
},

@article{warnock_who_2009,
	title = {Who pays for providing spiritual care in healthcare settings? The ethical dilemma of taxpayers funding holistic healthcare and the first amendment requirement for separation of church and state},
	volume = {48},
	issn = {1573-6571},
	shorttitle = {Who pays for providing spiritual care in healthcare settings?},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19890722},
	doi = {10.1007/s10943-008-9208-8},
	abstract = {All {US} governmental, public, and private healthcare facilities and their staff fall under some form of regulatory requirement to provide opportunities for spiritual health assessment and care as a component of holistic healthcare. As often the case with regulations, these facilities face the predicament of funding un-reimbursable care. However, chaplains and nurses who provide most patient spiritual care are paid using funds the facility obtains from patients, private, and public sources. Furthermore, Veteran healthcare services, under the United States Department of Veterans Affairs {(VA)}, are provided with taxpayer funds from local, state, and federal governments. With the recent legal action by the Freedom From Religion Foundation, Inc. {(FFRF)} against the Veterans Administration, the ethical dilemma surfaces between taxpayers funding holistic healthcare and the first amendment requirement for separation of church and state.},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Journal of Religion and Health},
	author = {Warnock, Carla Jean Pease},
	month = dec,
	year = {2009},
	note = {{PMID:} 19890722},
	pages = {468--481}
},

@article{carey_health_2010,
	title = {Health care chaplains and their role on institutional ethics committees: an Australia study},
	volume = {49},
	issn = {1573-6571},
	shorttitle = {Health care chaplains and their role on institutional ethics committees},
	doi = {10.1007/s10943-009-9241-2},
	abstract = {This paper presents the results of the largest Australian pastoral study concerning the perceptions of health care chaplains about their involvement on hospital research ethics committees (also known in some contexts as institutional ethics committees). Survey results from over 300 Australian health care chaplains indicated that nearly 90\% of chaplains believed there was merit in chaplains serving on hospital research ethics committees, yet only a minority (22.7\%) had ever participated on such committees. Data from in-depth interviews is also presented exploring the reasons for the lack of participation and the varying opinions regarding the role, appropriateness, and value of chaplains on ethics committees. Some implications of this study with respect to chaplaincy, hospital research ethics committees, health care institutions, ecclesiastical institutions, and government responsibilities are discussed.},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Journal of Religion and Health},
	author = {Carey, Lindsay B and Cohen, Jeffrey},
	month = jun,
	year = {2010},
	note = {{PMID:} 19259820},
	keywords = {Australia, Chaplaincy Service, Hospital, Christianity, Ethics Committees, Ethics, Professional, Female, Humans, Male, Pastoral Care, Professional Role},
	pages = {221--232}
},

@book{nyamwaya_african_1992,
	address = {Nairobi},
	title = {African Indigenous Medicine: An Anthropological Perspective for Policy Makers and Primary Health Care Managers},
	isbn = {9966874119},
	lccn = {{GN645} {.N93} 1992},
	shorttitle = {African Indigenous Medicine},
	publisher = {African Medical and Research Foundation},
	author = {Nyamwaya, David},
	year = {1992},
	keywords = {Africa, Attitude to Health, Health Policy, Kenya, Medicine, African Traditional, Social life and customs, {TRADITIONAL} medicine}
},

@article{mckenzie_church_2004,
	title = {Church, State, and {Physician-Assisted} Suicide},
	volume = {46},
	issn = {{0021-969X}},
	abstract = {The writer discusses the 1997 decisions of the {US} Supreme Court in Vacco v. Quill and Washington v. Glucksberg that state laws prohibiting physician-assisted suicide in New York and Washington respectively are not unconstitutional. He notes that these decisions overturned rulings by the Second and Ninth Circuit Courts of Appeals. He contends that the Supreme Court failed to give sufficient consideration to evidence submitted in Judge Stephen Reinhardt's Ninth Circuit Court Opinion showing the implications of the {"Mystery} Clause" of Planned Parenthood v. Casey for issues at the end of life and linking the moral opprobrium surrounding suicide directly to the Christian contribution to western intellectual history. He maintains that the Supreme Court's decisions unconstitutionally advance the views of the Christian faith and violate a legitimate liberty interest of the people.},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Journal of Church and State},
	author = {{McKenzie}, David},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {787--809}
},

@book{united_states_complementary_1999,
	address = {Washington},
	title = {Complementary and Alternative Medicine in {Government-Funded} Health Programs Hearing Before the Committee on Government Reform House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, First Session, February 24, 1999},
	lccn = {{CIS:} See Accession No. in Note},
	publisher = {{U.S.} {G.P.O}},
	author = {United States},
	year = {1999},
	keywords = {Alternative medicine, Government employees' health insurance, Medical policy, United States}
},

@article{brooks_crossing_2002,
	title = {Crossing the secular divide: government and faith-based organizations as partners in health},
	volume = {32},
	issn = {0091-2174},
	shorttitle = {Crossing the secular divide},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12489698},
	abstract = {Recent debate over the relationship between government and faith-based organizations has renewed interest in the opportunities and challenges that are associated with change in this area of health care policy. Experience exists already that faith-based organizations can provide effective health education and services in the community. Limited infrastructure and liability are among the important barriers to their expansion. Spurred by the demographics of an aging population and increasing health care costs, we argue the necessity of further partnering, within well-defined limits, to maximize the availability of health care education and services throughout this nation.},
	number = {3},
	journal = {International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine},
	author = {Brooks, Robert G and Koenig, Harold G},
	year = {2002},
	note = {{PMID:} 12489698},
	keywords = {Cooperative Behavior, Government Programs, Health Education, Health Services, Humans, Liability, Legal, Public health, Religion and Psychology, spirituality, United States},
	pages = {223--234}
},

@book{simmons_faith_2008,
	address = {Macon},
	title = {Faith and Health: Religion, Science, and Public Policy},
	isbn = {0881460850},
	shorttitle = {Faith and Health},
	publisher = {Mercer University Press},
	author = {Simmons, Paul D.},
	year = {2008}
},

@article{cohen_healing_2002,
	title = {Healing at the Borderland of Medicine and Religion: Regulating Potential Abuse of Authority by Spiritual Healers},
	volume = {18},
	issn = {07480814},
	shorttitle = {Healing at the Borderland of Medicine and Religion},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/1602269},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Journal of Law and Religion},
	author = {Cohen, Michael H.},
	year = {2002},
	note = {{ArticleType:} primary\_article / Full publication date: 2002 - 2003 / Copyright © 2002 Journal of Law and Religion, Inc.},
	pages = {373--426}
},

@book{frohock_healing_1992,
	address = {Chicago},
	series = {Morality and society},
	title = {Healing Powers: Alternative Medicine, Spiritual Communities, and the State},
	isbn = {0226265846},
	lccn = {R733},
	shorttitle = {Healing Powers},
	publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
	author = {Frohock, Fred M},
	year = {1992},
	keywords = {Alternative medicine, Holistic Health, Mental Healing, National health services, Religion and Medicine, Social aspects, Sociology, Medical}
},

@article{goldstein_holistic_1988,
	title = {Holistic physicians and family practitioners: similarities, differences and implications for health policy.},
	volume = {26},
	abstract = {Although loosely defined, holistic or alternative medicine has been viewed by most observers as fundamentally at odds with mainstream biomedical approaches. Convergence or integration of the two are seen as highly unlikely. We attempt to assess the potential for such integration empirically through a survey of physicians, members of the American Holistic Medical Association {(N} = 340) and a comparison group of family practitioners {(N} = 142). Although social origins of the two groups are similar, they differ in their completion of residency training and a variety of practice characteristics. While the groups differ in the predicted directions in their evaluation and utilization of holistic techniques and in their attitudes toward the nature of medical practice, there is a good deal of overlap. Personal experiences, especially those in the area of religion/spirituality and psychotherapy differ sharply between the groups. Policy concerned with fostering cooperation or convergence between holistic and mainstream medicine should differentiate between clinical attitudes and behaviors (which appear to be more compatible than has been suggested), and the personal world views of physicians (which appear to be much further apart).},
	number = {8},
	journal = {Social Science \& Medicine},
	author = {Goldstein, {M.S.} and Sutherland, C and Jaffe, {D.T.} and Wilson, J},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {853--61}
},

@book{koop_lets_1992,
	address = {Grand Rapids  Mich.},
	title = {Let's talk : an honest conversation on critical issues : abortion, euthanasia, {AIDS}, health care},
	isbn = {9780310597810},
	shorttitle = {Let's talk},
	publisher = {Zondervan},
	author = {Koop, C},
	year = {1992}
},

@article{srinivasan_national_1995,
	title = {National health policy for traditional medicine in India},
	volume = {16},
	issn = {0251-2432},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/7794464},
	abstract = {External pressures have combined to erode the practice of India's traditional medical systems to such an extent that they are in danger of becoming extinct. A better balanced national health policy could go a long way towards reversing this trend.},
	number = {2},
	journal = {World Health Forum},
	author = {Srinivasan, P},
	year = {1995},
	note = {{PMID:} 7794464},
	keywords = {Education, Medical, Health Care Rationing, Health Policy, India, Medicine, Ayurvedic, Rural Health, Sri Lanka},
	pages = {190--193}
},

@article{tillman_paying_2002,
	title = {Paying for Alternative Medicine: The Role of Health Insurers},
	volume = {583},
	issn = {00027162},
	shorttitle = {Paying for Alternative Medicine},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/1049689},
	abstract = {In the early 1990s, Americans spent an estimated \$27 billion on alternative medical treatments. However, most of those expenditures were paid out of pocket rather than by health insurers. This article reviews empirical studies of third-party coverage of complementary and alternative medicine {(CAM)} and the factors behind the reluctance of health insurers to provide benefits for those treatments. This reluctance is based on three principal factors: a lack of scientific evidence supporting {CAM} providers' claims of medical efficacy, the absence of credentialing standards for many {CAM} providers, and difficulties in fitting {CAM} treatments into typological schemes that determine levels of reimbursement by health insurers. Possibilities for overcoming these obstacles to the integration of {CAM} into the American system of health insurance are discussed.},
	journal = {Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science},
	author = {Tillman, Robert},
	month = sep,
	year = {2002},
	note = {{ArticleType:} primary\_article / Issue Title: Global Perspectives on Complementary and Alternative Medicine / Full publication date: Sep., 2002 / Copyright © 2002 American Academy of Political and Social Science},
	pages = {64--75}
},

@article{dabrock_playing_2009,
	title = {Playing God? Synthetic biology as a theological and ethical challenge},
	volume = {3},
	issn = {1872-5325},
	shorttitle = {Playing God?},
	url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11693-009-9028-5},
	doi = {10.1007/s11693-009-9028-5},
	abstract = {In the ethical debate over synthetic biology the formula “playing god” is widely used in order to attack this new branch of biotechnology. The article analyses, contextualizes and criticises this usage with respect to the theological concepts of creation, sin and humans as created in the image of God. Against the background of these theological understandings an ethical corridor of how to responsibly cope with the societal challenges of synthetic biology is presented.},
	number = {1-4},
	journal = {Systems and Synthetic Biology},
	author = {Dabrock, Peter},
	month = oct,
	year = {2009},
	pages = {47--54}
},

@book{peters_playing_2003,
	address = {New York},
	edition = {2nd ed},
	title = {Playing God?: Genetic Determinism and Human Freedom},
	isbn = {0415942489},
	lccn = {{QH438.7} {.P48} 2003},
	shorttitle = {Playing God?},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	author = {Peters, Ted},
	year = {2003},
	keywords = {Human genetics, Human Genome Project, Moral and ethical aspects}
},

@article{jonas_policy_2002,
	title = {Policy, the Public, and Priorities in Alternative Medicine Research},
	volume = {583},
	issn = {00027162},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/1049687},
	abstract = {The political and social dynamics around unconventional or complementary and alternative medical practices has shifted from marginalization to a struggle for control of definitions and priorities. These practices have arisen because of public rather than professional or scientific interest. Conventional medicine has made significant gains in health care for acute disease, translating basic science into diagnostic and therapeutic value, and improving public health. These gains have been accompanied by high costs, depersonalization, and side effects. Complementary medicine has aligned with public preferences for more natural, lower-cost, and more holistic health care practices. Attempts to integrate the concepts and practices of complementary and alternative medicine into biomedicine present significant challenges for determining how language, funding, and standards of evidence are established. The author outlines some of the issues that arise in the struggle to integrate these practices into biomedicine and suggests some criteria for establishing priorities when funding research in complementary and alternative medicine.},
	journal = {Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science},
	author = {Jonas, Wayne B.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2002},
	note = {{ArticleType:} primary\_article / Issue Title: Global Perspectives on Complementary and Alternative Medicine / Full publication date: Sep., 2002 / Copyright © 2002 American Academy of Political and Social Science},
	pages = {29--43}
},

@article{simon_y._mills_regulation_2001,
	title = {Regulation In Complementary And Alternative Medicine},
	volume = {322},
	issn = {09598138},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/25466024},
	number = {7279},
	journal = {{BMJ:} British Medical Journal},
	author = {Simon Y. Mills},
	month = jan,
	year = {2001},
	note = {{ArticleType:} primary\_article / Full publication date: Jan. 20, 2001 / Copyright © 2001 {BMJ} Publishing Group},
	pages = {158--160}
},

@article{simmons_religious_2000,
	title = {Religious liberty and abortion policy: Casey as {"Catch-22"}},
	volume = {42},
	issn = {{0021-969X}},
	abstract = {The writer examines questions of religious liberty surrounding the issue of abortion, focusing on the implications of the Supreme Court's Casey decision for interpreting the First Amendment. He contends that the Casey decision places women who have decided to have an abortion in a frustrating {"Catch-22"} situation. The Casey decision, he explains, leaves open the possibility that the decision of a woman to have an abortion, based on her own personal understanding of morality, may be compromised by the actions of others who oppose abortion on moral or legal grounds. He argues that this dilemma needs to be addressed by the Supreme Court, which has thus far refused to deal with the religious liberty issues at stake.},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Journal of Church and State},
	author = {Simmons, Paul D.},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {69--88}
},

@article{simmons_religious_1990,
	title = {Religious liberty and the abortion debate},
	volume = {32},
	issn = {{0021-969X}},
	number = {Summer 1990},
	journal = {Journal of Church and State},
	author = {Simmons, Paul D.},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {567--84}
},

@book{davis_sacred_2005,
	address = {New Brunswick  {N.J.}},
	title = {Sacred work : Planned Parenthood and its clergy alliances},
	isbn = {9780813534930},
	shorttitle = {Sacred work},
	publisher = {Rutgers University Press},
	author = {Davis, Tom},
	year = {2005}
},

@article{goldstein_emerging_2002,
	title = {The Emerging Socioeconomic and Political Support for Alternative Medicine in the United States},
	volume = {583},
	issn = {00027162},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/1049688},
	abstract = {Complementary and alternative medicine {(CAM)} is increasingly utilized and accepted by patients and providers throughout the American health care system. Most accounts attribute this growing acceptability to the shortcomings of conventional medicine, the appeal of {CAM's} core beliefs, and the growing body of research indicating that {CAM} actually works. These explanations, while all accurate to some degree, neglect the extent to which {CAM's} recent success is due to economic and political factors. This article describes the emerging relationship between {CAM} and major economic actors (pharmaceutical firms, managed care companies, insurance companies, media conglomerates, Internet providers, etc.) as well as {CAM's} relationship with a range of political forces (political parties, bureaucrats, lobbying groups, ethnic- and gender-based movements and organizations, etc.). The convergence of interests between these economic and political forces and many of {CAM's} goals is one important reason for {CAM's} recent success.},
	journal = {Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science},
	author = {Goldstein, Michael S.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2002},
	note = {{ArticleType:} primary\_article / Issue Title: Global Perspectives on Complementary and Alternative Medicine / Full publication date: Sep., 2002 / Copyright © 2002 American Academy of Political and Social Science},
	pages = {44--63}
},

@article{messikomer_presence_2001,
	title = {The presence and influence of religion in American bioethics},
	volume = {44},
	issn = {0031-5982},
	url = {http://apps.isiknowledge.com.ezproxy.bu.edu/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=8&SID=4BO33d5AnCKg2p@8AOA&page=1&doc=1},
	abstract = {From the inception of the relatively short history of American bioethics in the mid-to-late 1960s, the place of religion in this field has been complex and controversial. It has also been a subject of more than casual interest and concern to bioethicists, and to an array of medical and non-medical groups in {U.S.} society for whom the activities and issues in which bioethics is engaged have ongoing import. The questions and the tensions linked to the status and influence of religion in the sphere of bioethics have ramifications that extend beyond bioethics and biomedicine into matters involving the relationship of religion to the institutional structure of American society-most particularly its polity, legal foundations, and realm of public affairs-and to its cultural attributes and tradition. It is within this larger perspective that we will consider the association between American bioethics and religion. Our analysis includes two case studies: (1) how, in the early years of bioethics, a pioneering organization in the field dealt with the "redefinition of death" in its discussions and in a major medical journal publication; and (2) the way in which the most recently appointed federal bioethics commission, the National Bioethics Advisory Commission, involved religion in its work on cloning and stem cell research.},
	number = {4},
	journal = {{PERSPECTIVES} {IN} {BIOLOGY} {AND} {MEDICINE}},
	author = {Messikomer, {CM} and Fox, {RC} and Swazey, {JP}},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {485--508}
},

@book{bierlich_problem_2007,
	address = {New York},
	title = {The Problem of Money: African Agency and Western Medicine in Northern Ghana},
	isbn = {9781845453510},
	lccn = {{GN655.G45} B54 2007},
	shorttitle = {The Problem of Money},
	publisher = {Berghahn Books},
	author = {Bierlich, Bernhard},
	year = {2007},
	keywords = {Dagomba {(Ghana)}, Economic aspects, Ghana, Medical anthropology, Medical innovations, Social aspects, Social life and customs, {TRADITIONAL} medicine}
},

@book{jones_soul_2004,
	address = {London; New York},
	title = {The soul of the embryo : an enquiry into the status of the human embryo in the Christian tradition},
	isbn = {9780826462961},
	shorttitle = {The soul of the embryo},
	publisher = {Continuum},
	author = {Jones, David},
	year = {2004}
},

@book{who_international_symposium_traditional_2001,
	address = {Kobe, Japan},
	title = {Traditional Medicine: Better Science, Policy and Services for Health Development: Proceedings of a {WHO} International Symposium, Awaji Island, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, 11-13 September 2000},
	shorttitle = {Traditional Medicine},
	publisher = {World Health Organization},
	author = {{WHO} International Symposium and World Health Organization},
	year = {2001},
	keywords = {Congresses, Health, {TRADITIONAL} medicine}
},

@book{world_health_organization_traditional_2000,
	address = {Kobe, Japan},
	title = {Traditional Medicine: Its Contribution to Human Health Development in the New Century: Report of an International Symposium, Kobe, Japan, 6 November 1999},
	shorttitle = {Traditional Medicine},
	publisher = {World Health Organization},
	author = {World Health Organization},
	year = {2000},
	keywords = {Medicine, Traditional, {TRADITIONAL} medicine}
},

@article{kambo_use_1994,
	title = {Use of Traditional Medical Practitioners to Deliver Family Planning Services in Uttar Pradesh},
	volume = {25},
	issn = {00393665},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/2137987},
	abstract = {This pilot study conducted in Muzaffarnagar district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India, demonstrates the potential for using traditional medical practitioners in the delivery of family planning services after a brief training period. Practitioners participated continuously in the program for an intervention period of two years during which their services were accepted by the community. The impact of their involvement was reflected in increased knowledge of permanent as well as reversible contraceptive methods and in higher contraceptive use rates, especially of reversible methods adopted by women younger than 25 years (from 8 percent to 37 percent), in the intervention villages, as compared with increased knowledge and use (from 13 percent to 25 percent) of permanent methods alone in the control villages.},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Studies in Family Planning},
	author = {Kambo, Indra P. and Gupta, R. N. and Kundu, A. S. and Dhillon, B. S. and Saxena, H. M.},
	month = feb,
	year = {1994},
	note = {{ArticleType:} primary\_article / Full publication date: Jan. - Feb., 1994 / Copyright © 1994 Population Council},
	pages = {32--40}
},

@book{robinson_spirituality_2008,
	address = {London {;;Philadelphia}},
	title = {Spirituality, ethics and care},
	isbn = {9781846427176},
	publisher = {Jessica Kingsley Publishers},
	author = {Robinson, Simon},
	year = {2008}
},

@book{white_clinicians_2001,
	address = {New York :},
	title = {Clinician's guide to spirituality},
	isbn = {9780071347174},
	publisher = {{McGraw-Hill}, Medical Pub. Division,},
	author = {White, Bowen},
	year = {2001}
},

@book{_caring_2007,
	address = {Grand Rapids  Mich.},
	title = {Caring for those in crisis : facing ethical dilemmas with patients and families},
	isbn = {9781587431913},
	shorttitle = {Caring for those in crisis},
	publisher = {Brazos},
	year = {2007}
},

@book{films_for_the_humanities_&_sciences_firm;cbs_news.;cbs_inc.;fmg_ondemand_firm_matters_2003,
	address = {Princeton, {NJ} :},
	title = {Matters of life and death the role of ethics and faith in modern medicine},
	publisher = {Films for the Humanities \& Sciences,},
	author = {Films for the Humanities \& Sciences {(Firm);CBS} {News.;CBS} {Inc.;FMG} {ONDemand} {(Firm)} and Holmes, Ted},
	year = {2003}
},

@book{fsp_media_communications._give_2002,
	address = {{[S.l.]} :},
	title = {Give me strength spirituality in the medical encounter},
	publisher = {{FSP} Media Communications,},
	author = {{FSP} Media Communications. and {McCauley}, Jeanne},
	year = {2002}
},

@book{kilner_cutting-edge_2002,
	address = {Grand Rapids  {MI}},
	title = {Cutting-edge bioethics : a Christian exploration of technologies and trends},
	isbn = {9780802849595},
	shorttitle = {Cutting-edge bioethics},
	publisher = {{W.B.} Eerdmans},
	author = {Kilner, John},
	year = {2002}
},

@book{guinn_handbook_2006,
	address = {Oxford {;;New} York},
	title = {Handbook of bioethics and religion},
	isbn = {9780195178739},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Guinn, David},
	year = {2006}
},

@book{_caring_2007-1,
	address = {Grand Rapids  Mich.},
	title = {Caring for those in crisis : facing ethical dilemmas with patients and families},
	isbn = {9781587431913},
	shorttitle = {Caring for those in crisis},
	publisher = {Brazos},
	year = {2007}
},

@book{runzheimer_medical_2010,
	address = {Hoboken, {N.J.} :},
	title = {Medical ethics for dummies},
	isbn = {9780470878569},
	publisher = {Wiley,},
	author = {Runzheimer, Jane},
	year = {2010}
},

@book{mahler_importance_2009,
	title = {The importance of mandatory religion and spirituality education in the American medical school curriculum},
	author = {Mahler, Ashley},
	year = {2009}
},

@article{brooks_crossing_2002-1,
	title = {Crossing the secular divide: government and faith-based organizations as partners in health},
	volume = {32},
	issn = {0091-2174},
	shorttitle = {Crossing the secular divide},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12489698},
	abstract = {Recent debate over the relationship between government and faith-based organizations has renewed interest in the opportunities and challenges that are associated with change in this area of health care policy. Experience exists already that faith-based organizations can provide effective health education and services in the community. Limited infrastructure and liability are among the important barriers to their expansion. Spurred by the demographics of an aging population and increasing health care costs, we argue the necessity of further partnering, within well-defined limits, to maximize the availability of health care education and services throughout this nation.},
	number = {3},
	journal = {International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine},
	author = {Brooks, Robert G and Koenig, Harold G},
	year = {2002},
	note = {{PMID:} 12489698},
	keywords = {Cooperative Behavior, Government Programs, Health Education, Health Services, Humans, Liability, Legal, Public health, Religion and Psychology, spirituality, United States},
	pages = {223--234}
},

@book{fujii_seimei_2010,
	address = {Kyōto-shi},
	edition = {Shohan.},
	title = {Seimei rinri ni okeru shūkyō to supirichuariti},
	isbn = {9784771021242},
	publisher = {Kōyō Shobō},
	author = {Fujii, Miwa},
	year = {2010}
},

@book{kilner_cutting-edge_2002-1,
	address = {Grand Rapids  {MI}},
	title = {Cutting-edge bioethics : a Christian exploration of technologies and trends},
	isbn = {9780802849595},
	shorttitle = {Cutting-edge bioethics},
	publisher = {{W.B.} Eerdmans},
	author = {Kilner, John},
	year = {2002}
},

@book{morrison_health_2009,
	address = {Sudbury  Mass.},
	edition = {2nd ed.},
	title = {Health care ethics : critical issues for the 21st century},
	isbn = {9780763745264},
	shorttitle = {Health care ethics},
	publisher = {Jones and Bartlett Publishers},
	author = {Morrison, Eileen},
	year = {2009}
},

@book{engelhardt_foundations_2000,
	address = {Lisse {;;Exton}},
	title = {The foundations of Christian bioethics},
	isbn = {9789026515576},
	publisher = {Swets \& Zeitlinger Publishers},
	author = {Engelhardt, Hugo},
	year = {2000}
},

@book{ikeda_being_2003,
	address = {Santa Monica  Calif.},
	title = {On being human : where ethics, medicine, and spirituality converge},
	isbn = {9780972326711},
	shorttitle = {On being human},
	publisher = {Middleway Press},
	author = {Ikeda, Daisaku},
	year = {2003}
},

@book{simmons_faith_2008-1,
	address = {Macon  Ga.},
	edition = {1st ed.},
	title = {Faith and health : religion, science, and public policy},
	isbn = {9780881460858},
	shorttitle = {Faith and health},
	publisher = {Mercer University Press},
	author = {Simmons, Paul},
	year = {2008}
},

@article{jamison_spirituality_1995,
	title = {Spirituality and medical ethics.},
	volume = {12},
	issn = {1049-9091},
	number = {3},
	journal = {The American journal of hospice \& palliative care},
	author = {Jamison, {JE}},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {41--41-5}
},

@book{guinn_handbook_2006-1,
	address = {Oxford {;;New} York},
	title = {Handbook of bioethics and religion},
	isbn = {9780195178739},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Guinn, David},
	year = {2006}
},

@book{robinson_spirituality_2008-1,
	address = {London {;;Philadelphia}},
	title = {Spirituality, ethics and care},
	isbn = {9781846427176},
	publisher = {Jessica Kingsley Publishers},
	author = {Robinson, Simon},
	year = {2008}
},

@book{boyle_organizational_2001,
	address = {San Francisco},
	edition = {1st ed.},
	title = {Organizational ethics in health care principles, cases, and practical solutions},
	isbn = {9780787960902},
	publisher = {{Jossey-Bass}},
	author = {Boyle, Philip},
	year = {2001}
},

@book{boyle_organizational_2001-1,
	address = {San Francisco},
	edition = {1st ed.},
	title = {Organizational ethics in health care principles, cases, and practical solutions},
	isbn = {9780787960902},
	publisher = {{Jossey-Bass}},
	author = {Boyle, Philip},
	year = {2001}
},

@book{ikeda_being_2003-1,
	address = {Santa Monica  Calif.},
	title = {On being human : where ethics, medicine, and spirituality converge},
	isbn = {9780972326711},
	shorttitle = {On being human},
	publisher = {Middleway Press},
	author = {Ikeda, Daisaku},
	year = {2003}
},

@book{purtilo_educating_2005,
	address = {Philadelphia},
	title = {Educating for moral action : a sourcebook in health and rehabilitation ethics},
	isbn = {9780803612617},
	shorttitle = {Educating for moral action},
	publisher = {{F.A.} Davis},
	author = {Purtilo, Ruth},
	year = {2005}
},

@book{pruchno_challenges_2007,
	address = {Baltimore},
	title = {Challenges of an aging society : ethical dilemmas, political issues},
	isbn = {9780801886485},
	shorttitle = {Challenges of an aging society},
	publisher = {Johns Hopkins University Press},
	author = {Pruchno, Rachel},
	year = {2007}
},

@book{kilner_cutting-edge_2002-2,
	address = {Grand Rapids  {MI}},
	title = {Cutting-edge bioethics : a Christian exploration of technologies and trends},
	isbn = {9780802849595},
	shorttitle = {Cutting-edge bioethics},
	publisher = {{W.B.} Eerdmans},
	author = {Kilner, John},
	year = {2002}
},

@book{morrison_health_2009-1,
	address = {Sudbury  Mass.},
	edition = {2nd ed.},
	title = {Health care ethics : critical issues for the 21st century},
	isbn = {9780763745264},
	shorttitle = {Health care ethics},
	publisher = {Jones and Bartlett Publishers},
	author = {Morrison, Eileen},
	year = {2009}
},

@book{cox_medicine_2007,
	address = {London {;;Philadelphia}},
	title = {Medicine of the person faith, science, and values in health care provision},
	isbn = {9781846425509},
	publisher = {Jessica Kingsley},
	author = {Cox, John},
	year = {2007}
},

@book{farley_compassionate_2002,
	address = {New York},
	title = {Compassionate respect : a feminist approach to medical ethics and other questions},
	isbn = {9780809141159},
	shorttitle = {Compassionate respect},
	publisher = {Paulist Press},
	author = {Farley, Margaret},
	year = {2002}
},

@book{mottram_caring_2007,
	address = {Grand Rapids  Mich.},
	title = {Caring for those in crisis : facing ethical dilemmas with patients and families},
	isbn = {9781587431913},
	shorttitle = {Caring for those in crisis},
	publisher = {Brazos},
	author = {Mottram, Kenneth},
	year = {2007}
},

@article{finkelstein_medical_2008,
	title = {Medical ethics: the role of religion and spirituality in building the patient-physician relationship.},
	volume = {9},
	issn = {1538-2656},
	shorttitle = {Medical ethics},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Maryland medicine : {MM} : a publication of {MEDCHI}, the Maryland State Medical Society},
	author = {Finkelstein, D},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {28}
},

@book{purtilo_educating_2005-1,
	address = {Philadelphia},
	title = {Educating for moral action : a sourcebook in health and rehabilitation ethics},
	isbn = {9780803612617},
	shorttitle = {Educating for moral action},
	publisher = {{F.A.} Davis},
	author = {Purtilo, Ruth},
	year = {2005}
},

@book{ikeda_being_2003-2,
	address = {Santa Monica  Calif.},
	title = {On being human : where ethics, medicine, and spirituality converge},
	isbn = {9780972326711},
	shorttitle = {On being human},
	publisher = {Middleway Press},
	author = {Ikeda, Daisaku},
	year = {2003}
},

@book{catholic_church._respect_1984,
	address = {Washington  {D.C.}},
	title = {Respect life.},
	publisher = {Committee for {Pro-Life} Activities  National Conference of Catholic Bishops},
	author = {Catholic Church.},
	year = {1984}
},

@misc{center_for_history_and_new_media_zotero_????,
	title = {Zotero Quick Start Guide},
	url = {http://zotero.org/support/quick_start_guide},
	author = {{{Center} for History and New Media}},
	howpublished = {http://zotero.org/support/quick\_start\_guide},
	annote = {Welcome to Zotero!

View the Quick Start Guide to learn how to begin collecting, managing, citing, and sharing your research sources.

Thanks for installing Zotero.}
},

@book{rashid_making_2002,
	title = {Making room for spirituality in ethical decision-making in end of life care : wide reflective equilibrium in practice},
	shorttitle = {Making room for spirituality in ethical decision-making in end of life care},
	author = {Rashid, Ruth},
	year = {2002}
}