AIMS: To offer a detailed discussion of the issue of ‘lack of critique’ in the literature on spirituality in nursing. The discussion will include the limited use of sources from theology and religious studies and the demand to separate spirituality and religion and will go on to examine the consequences of the resulting approach.
N2 - AIMS: To offer a detailed discussion of the issue of 'lack of critique' in the literature on spirituality in nursing. The discussion will include the limited use of sources from theology and religious studies and the demand to separate spirituality and religion and will go on to examine the consequences of the resulting approach. The drive for unique knowledge to further professionalisation and the demands of inclusiveness are suggested as possible reasons for the development of the current model. The dangers and pitfalls of definition are explored. The paper suggests that theology could provide insights into explaining spirituality. BACKGROUND: The last four decades have seen a proliferation of definitions of spirituality in the nursing literature. Recently, in response to their own concerns and prompts from outside the 'spirituality' community authors have suggested that we revisit this literature with a more critical stance. This paper is in response to that suggestion. During the course of a PhD supervised from a department of practical theology I have critically analysed the literature from several perspectives and this paper is one result of that review. DESIGN: Literature review. METHODS: Critical reflection on how spirituality has been defined. CONCLUSION: The lack of critique has produced a bias in the literature towards broad, generic, existential definitions which, together with the intentional divorce from religion and theology have led to definitions which have the tendency to result in a type of spiritual care which is indistinguishable from psychosocial care, hard to explain to patients and difficult to put into practice. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The acceptance of a diverse range of understandings of spirituality and a greater focus on practical ways of using it in nursing care are the direction the profession should be moving into. KW - Adaptation, Psychological KW - Evidence-Based Nursing KW - Humans KW - Nursing Process KW - religion KW - spirituality KW - Stress, Psychological SP - 1666 EP - 1673 SN - 1365-2702 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4556 T1 - Use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD): comparison of Chinese and western culture (Part A) JF - Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders JA - J Autism Dev Disord M3 - 10.1007/s10803-008-0644-9 A1 - Wong,V C N VL - 39 IS - 3 PY - 2009/03// N2 - A cross-sectional survey of the use of CAM by children was undertaken in the Duchess of Kent Children's Hospital in Hong Kong (March-December 2006). A questionnaire survey concerning the use of CAM was administered to chief caretakers (only the mothers) who accompanied children with neurodevelopmental disabilities followed up in our Neurodevelopmental paediatrics clinics. Four hundred and thirty agreed for interview of which 98 (22.8%) had Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). CAM was used in 40.8% for ASD and 21.4% of non-ASD (p < 0.001). We describe the profile of use of CAM in ASD in this part A paper. The three most common type of CAM use was Acupuncture (47.5%), Sensory Integration (42.5%), and Chinese Medicine (30%). About 76.9% of interviewees expected CAM to augment conventional treatment. Although 47.5% used both conventional western medicine and CAM, only 22.4% disclosed the use of CAM to Doctors. The following factors were significantly related to CAM use: father's job and mother's religion. Our frequency of CAM used in children with ASD was lower in Canada (52%) and USA (74%, 92%). The main CAM use in western culture was biological-based therapy whereas acupuncture was the most common CAM used in our locality. KW - Acupuncture Therapy KW - Adolescent KW - Autistic Disorder KW - Biological Therapy KW - Canada KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Complementary Therapies KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Developmental Disabilities KW - Fathers KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Herbal Medicine KW - Hong Kong KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Integrative medicine KW - Male KW - Mothers KW - Occupations KW - Questionnaires KW - religion KW - United States SP - 454 EP - 463 SN - 1573-3432 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18784992 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4563 T1 - Religiousness is positively associated with quality of life of ALS caregivers JF - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Official Publication of the World Federation of Neurology Research Group on Motor Neuron Diseases JA - Amyotroph Lateral Scler M3 - 10.3109/17482968.2011.560947 A1 - Calvo,Andrea A1 - Moglia,Cristina A1 - Ilardi,Antonio A1 - Cammarosano,Stefania A1 - Gallo,Sara A1 - Canosa,Antonio A1 - Mastro,Enza A1 - Montuschi,Anna A1 - Chiò,Adriano VL - 12 IS - 3 PY - 2011/05// N2 - Abstract It has been repeatedly shown that religiousness and spirituality have positive effects on quality of life (QoL) and outcome in ALS patients. There are, however, very few data on the impact of religiousness/spirituality on ALS caregivers. We determined the impact of religiousness on caregivers and its correlation with quality of life, depression and anxiety. A total of 75 consecutive ALS patients and their informal caregivers were interviewed using tests evaluating religiousness, depression, anxiety, quality of life and satisfaction with life. Results showed that there was a significant correlation between patients and caregivers' public and total religiousness. Caregivers' private religiousness was related to their age and education level, while their public religiousness was related only to their education level. Caregivers' quality of life was related to their private religiousness and satisfaction with life with their total religiousness. We conclude that religiousness is positively associated with ALS caregivers' quality of life and satisfaction with life, in a measure similar to that observed in ALS patients. Health care professionals caring for ALS patients should consider that the needs of the caregivers include religious/spiritual concerns. SP - 168 EP - 171 SN - 1471-180X UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21348787 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4566 T1 - Spirituality Within the Patient-Surgeon Relationship JF - Journal of Surgical Education M3 - 10.1016/j.jsurg.2010.08.007 A1 - Taylor,Dan A1 - Mulekar,Madhuri S. A1 - Luterman,Arnold A1 - Meyer,Frederick N. A1 - Richards,William O. A1 - Rodning,Charles B. VL - 68 IS - 1 PY - undefined/01//undefined N2 - Objective To assess the attitudes of general and orthopaedic surgical outpatients regarding inquiry into their religious beliefs, spiritual practices, and personal faith.Design Prospective, voluntary, self-administered, and anonymously-completed questionnaire, regarding religious beliefs, spiritual practices, and personal faith, March-August, 2009.Setting General and orthopaedic surgical outpatient settings, Health Services Foundation, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, a tertiary care academic medical center in Mobile, Alabama.Participants All patients referred for evaluation and management of general and orthopaedic surgical conditions, pre- and postoperatively, were approached.Methodology The questionnaire solicited data regarding patient: (1) demographics; (2) religious beliefs, spiritual practices, and personal faith; and (3) opinions regarding inquiry into those subjects by their surgeon. The latter opinions were stratified on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree." Statistical analysis was conducted using software JMP® 8 Statistical Discovery Software (S.A.S. Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina) and a 5% probability level was used to determine significance of results.Results Eighty-three percent (83%) of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that surgeons should be aware of their patients' religiosity and spirituality; 63% concurred that surgeons should take a spiritual history; and 64% indicated that their trust in their surgeon would increase if they did so. Nevertheless, 17%, 37%, and 36% disagreed or strongly disagreed with those perspectives, respectively.Conclusions By inference to the best explanation of the results, we would argue that religiosity and spirituality are inherent perspectives of patient-surgeon relationships. Consequently, those perspectives are germane to the therapeutic milieu. Therefore, discerning each patient's perspective in those regards is warranted in the context of an integrative and holistic patient-surgeon relationship, the intent of which is to restore a patient to health and well-being. KW - Interpersonal and Communication Skills KW - Medical Knowledge KW - Patient Care KW - patient-surgeon relationships KW - personal faith KW - PROFESSIONALISM KW - religiosity KW - spiritual history KW - spirituality KW - Systems-Based Practice SP - 36 EP - 43 SN - 1931-7204 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4574 T1 - Staff perceptions of the benefits of religion in health and human services nonprofits: evidence from international development JF - Journal of Health and Human Services Administration JA - J Health Hum Serv Adm A1 - Flanigan,Shawn Teresa VL - 32 IS - 2 PY - 2009/10// N2 - Some argue faith-based organizations (FBOs) provide desirable moral or spiritual components to health and human service provision, and that services are more effective due to staffs more supportive approach. However, the majority of research has been conducted in the United States, and has focused on the experiences of Christian FBOs. This article examines the benefits that FBO staff in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Lebanon, and Sri Lanka believe religious identity brings to the work of their organizations, based on interviews with more than 100 staff of Buddhist, Catholic, Druze, Orthodox Christian, Protestant Christian, Shiite Muslim, and Sunni Muslim FBOs, as well as secular NGOs. The interview data indicate that staff members from most of the religious traditions included in the study believe the faith orientation of their organization brings benefits to their service provision. However, these perceived benefits differ based on country context. Some of these benefits are similar to those often mentioned in the literature on FBOs in the United States; however, other benefits are quite different than those discussed in the US literature. SP - 164 EP - 194 SN - 1079-3739 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19803114 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4583 T1 - Meditation in medical practice: a review of the evidence and practice JF - Primary Care JA - Prim. Care M3 - 10.1016/j.pop.2009.09.004 A1 - Fortney,Luke A1 - Taylor,Molly VL - 37 IS - 1 PY - 2010/03// N2 - Meditation practice in the medical setting is proving to be an excellent adjunctive therapy for many illnesses and an essential and primary means of maintaining holistic health and wellness. Rather than being a fringe or marginal concept, meditation is now widely known and accepted as a beneficial mind-body practice by the general public and in the scientific community. Extensive research shows and continues to show the benefits of meditation practice for a wide range of medical conditions. Further efforts are required to operationalize and apply meditation practice in clinical and medical educational settings in ways that are practical, effective, and meaningful. SP - 81 EP - 90 SN - 1558-299X ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4594 T1 - Hope beyond (redundant) hope: how chaplains work with dying patients JF - Palliative Medicine JA - Palliat Med M3 - 10.1177/0269216310380297 A1 - Nolan,Steve VL - 25 IS - 1 PY - 2011/01// N1 -This article analyzes the role of chaplains with dying patients who have decided to cease seeking a medical cure for their ailment. It identifies four moments in the work chaplains do with such patients: evocative presence, accompanying presence, comforting presence, and hopeful presence. The article confirms the role of presence in chaplaincy as primary.
N2 - Using Grounded Theory, this study examines the experience of 19 palliative care chaplains in counselling dying people. Taking a broad-based definition of counselling, and using unstructured individual interviews and group work, the study aimed to understand how palliative care chaplains work with patients at the point when it has been decided to cease active treatment, the point where they risk losing hope and falling into despair. Analysing the data using code-based theory building software, the author identified four organic moments in the chaplain-patient relationship, each moment being a discernable development in the chaplain's being-with the patient: 'evocative presence'; 'accompanying presence'; 'comforting presence'; and 'hopeful presence'. The author represents the four moments as a theory of 'chaplain as hopeful presence', and offers a description of the way in which the quality of presence can facilitate patients to develop 'a hopeful manner' in which hope is reconfigured into an attribute of being. The author concludes (with Levinas) that chaplains and other palliative care staff should be aware that simply being-with an other can, in itself, be hope fostering. SP - 21 EP - 25 SN - 1477-030X ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4604 T1 - Toward competency-based curricula in patient-centered spiritual care: recommended competencies for family medicine resident education JF - Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges JA - Acad Med M3 - 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181fa2dd1 A1 - Anandarajah,Gowri A1 - Craigie,Frederic A1 - Hatch,Robert A1 - Kliewer,Stephen A1 - Marchand,Lucille A1 - King,Dana A1 - Hobbs,Richard A1 - Daaleman,Timothy P VL - 85 IS - 12 PY - 2010/12// N2 - Spiritual care is increasingly recognized as an important component of medical care. Although many primary care residency programs incorporate spiritual care into their curricula, there are currently no consensus guidelines regarding core competencies necessary for primary care training. In 2006, the Society of Teachers of Family Medicine's Interest Group on Spirituality undertook a three-year initiative to address this need. The project leader assembled a diverse panel of eight educators with dual expertise in (1) spirituality and health and (2) family medicine. The multidisciplinary panel members represented different geographic regions and diverse faith traditions and were nationally recognized senior faculty. They underwent three rounds of a modified Delphi technique to achieve initial consensus regarding spiritual care competencies (SCCs) tailored for family medicine residency training, followed by an iterative process of external validation, feedback, and consensus modifications of the SCCs. Panel members identified six knowledge, nine skills, and four attitude core SCCs for use in training and linked these to competencies of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. They identified three global competencies for use in promotion and graduation criteria. Defining core competencies in spiritual care clarifies training goals and provides the basis for robust curricula evaluation. Given the breadth of family medicine, these competencies may be adaptable to other primary care fields, to medical and surgical specialties, and to medical student education. Effective training in this area may enhance physicians' ability to attend to the physical, mental, and spiritual needs of patients and better maintain sustainable healing relationships. SP - 1897 EP - 1904 SN - 1938-808X UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/20978428 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4610 T1 - The competencies required by professional hospice palliative care spiritual care providers JF - Journal of Palliative Medicine JA - J Palliat Med M3 - 10.1089/jpm.2009.0429 A1 - Cooper,Dan A1 - Aherne,Michael A1 - Pereira,José VL - 13 IS - 7 PY - 2010/07// N2 - The Canadian Hospice Palliative Care Association (2002) identifies spiritual care of the dying and their families as a core service for Hospice Palliative Care programs. Yet, until the Spiritual Care Development Initiative of the Canadian Pallium Project, there was no published literature indicating systematic profiling of occupationally relevant core competencies or competency-based training programs specific to this specialized field of practice. This article describes a Canadian Community of Practice process to develop an occupational analysis-based competency profile for the Professional Hospice Palliative Care Spiritual Care Provider utilizing a modified Developing a Curriculum (DACUM) methodology. Competency profiles are important contributions to the development of curricula to train care providers who are recognized by other professions and by institutions as possessing the requisite theoretical and clinical expertise, particularly in academic tertiary care settings. SP - 869 EP - 875 SN - 1557-7740 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4619 T1 - Religion, clinicians, and the integration of complementary and alternative medicines JF - Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.) JA - J Altern Complement Med M3 - 10.1089/acm.2008.0512 A1 - Curlin,Farr A A1 - Rasinski,Kenneth A A1 - Kaptchuk,Ted J A1 - Emanuel,Ezekiel J A1 - Miller,Franklin G A1 - Tilburt,Jon C VL - 15 IS - 9 PY - 2009/09// N1 -Objective: The aim of this study was to compare religious characteristics of general internists, rheumatologists, naturopaths, and acupuncturists, as well as to examine associations between physicians’ religious characteristics and their openness to integrating complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Design: The design involved a national mail survey. The subjects were internists, rheumatologists, naturopaths, and acupuncturists. Measures: Physician outcome measures were use of and attitudes toward six classes of CAM. Predictors were religious affiliation, intrinsic religiosity, spirituality, and religious traditionalism. Results: There was a 65% response. Naturopaths and acupuncturists were three times as likely as internists and rheumatologists to report no religious affiliation (35% versus 12%, p < 0.001), but were more likely to describe themselves as very spiritual (51% versus 20%, p < 0.001) and to agree they try to carry religious beliefs into life’s dealings (51% versus 44%, p < 0.01). Among physicians, increased spirituality and religiosity coincided with more personal use of CAM and willingness to integrate CAM into a treatment program. Conclusions: Current and future integrative medicine will be shaped in part by religious and spiritual characteristics of providers.
N2 - Abstract OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare religious characteristics of general internists, rheumatologists, naturopaths, and acupuncturists, as well as to examine associations between physicians' religious characteristics and their openness to integrating complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). DESIGN: The design involved a national mail survey. The subjects were internists, rheumatologists, naturopaths, and acupuncturists. MEASURES: Physician outcome measures were use of and attitudes toward six classes of CAM. Predictors were religious affiliation, intrinsic religiosity, spirituality, and religious traditionalism. RESULTS: There was a 65% response. Naturopaths and acupuncturists were three times as likely as internists and rheumatologists to report no religious affiliation (35% versus 12%, p < 0.001), but were more likely to describe themselves as very spiritual (51% versus 20%, p < 0.001) and to agree they try to carry religious beliefs into life's dealings (51% versus 44%, p < 0.01). Among physicians, increased spirituality and religiosity coincided with more personal use of CAM and willingness to integrate CAM into a treatment program. CONCLUSIONS: Current and future integrative medicine will be shaped in part by religious and spiritual characteristics of providers. KW - Acupuncture KW - Attitude of Health Personnel KW - Complementary Therapies KW - Health Care Surveys KW - Health Personnel KW - Humans KW - Integrative medicine KW - Naturopathy KW - Physicians KW - Physician's Practice Patterns KW - Religion and Medicine KW - spirituality SP - 987 EP - 994 SN - 1557-7708 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19757976 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4630 T1 - A Confucian philosophy of medicine and some implications JF - The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy JA - J Med Philos M3 - 10.1093/jmp/jhq029 A1 - Lo,Ping-Cheung VL - 35 IS - 4 PY - 2010/08// N2 - Two crucial topics in the philosophy of medicine are the philosophy of nature and philosophical anthropology. In this essay I engage the philosophy of nature by exploring Anne Fagot-Largeault's study of norms in nature as a way of articulating a Confucian philosophy of medicine. I defend the Confucian position as a moderate naturalism. SP - 466 EP - 476 SN - 1744-5019 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 4638 T1 - Religion and Sexual Health: Ethical, Theological, and Clinical Perspectives T3 - Theology and Medicine ED - Green,R.M. PB - Springer PY - 2010/12/10/ SN - 9048141605 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4650 T1 - Personal and Planetary Well-being: Mindfulness Meditation, Pro-environmental Behavior and Personal Quality of Life in a Survey from the Social Justice and Ecological Sustainability Movement JF - Social Indicators Research M3 - 10.1007/s11205-008-9308-6 A1 - Jacob,J A1 - Jovic,E A1 - Brinkerhoff,MB VL - 93 IS - 2 PY - 2009/09// N2 - Employing data from a mailed survey of a sample of ecologically and spiritually aware respondents (N = 829), the study tests the hypothesized relationship between ecologically sustainable behavior (ESB) and subjective well-being (SWB). The proposed link between ESB and SWB is the spiritual practice of mindfulness meditation (MM). In multiple regression equations ESB and MM independently explain statistically significant amounts of variance in SWB, indicating, for at least the study's sample, that there can be a relationship between personal and planetary well-being. The inter-relationships among SWB, ESB and MM suggest that for specific segments of the general population (e.g., the spiritually inclined) there may not necessarily be an insurmountable conflict between an environmentally responsible lifestyle and personal quality of life. The research reported here also points to the potential for meditative/mindful experiences to play a prominent role in the explanation of variance in SWB, a direction in QoL studies recently highlighted by several researchers (Layard 2005, pp. 189-192; Nettle 2005, pp. 153-160; Haidt 2006). SP - 275 EP - 294 SN - 0303-8300 UR - http://apps.isiknowledge.com.ezproxy.bu.edu/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=1&SID=4EE@3mJA43fogEL63gI&page=10&doc=95 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4653 T1 - Facing existential realities: exploring barriers and challenges to spiritual nursing care JF - Qualitative Health Research JA - Qual Health Res M3 - 10.1177/1049732310372377 A1 - Carr,Tracy Jean VL - 20 IS - 10 PY - 2010/10// N2 - Although nurses of the past and present recognize the importance of spiritual care to health and healing, in practice and education, spiritual care dwells on the periphery of the profession. The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of the reasons behind this contradiction. Using the phenomenological approach, open-ended interviews were conducted with 29 individuals, including oncology nurses, patients and their families, chaplains, and hospital administrators. Their accounts reveal examples of how attitudes, beliefs, and practices of the larger organizational culture can shape the everyday lived experience of bedside nursing. Specifically, these influences tend to create a lived space that is uncaring, and a lived time that is "too tight." Moreover, lived body is experienced as an object for technical intervention, and lived other is experienced from a distance rather than "up close and personal." It was argued that, together, these existential experiences of lived time, space, body, and other create formidable barriers to spiritual nursing care. SP - 1379 EP - 1392 SN - 1049-7323 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20530402 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4660 T1 - A web-based survey of the relationship between buddhist religious practices, health, and psychological characteristics: research methods and preliminary results JF - Journal of Religion and Health JA - J Relig Health M3 - 10.1007/s10943-008-9228-4 A1 - Wiist,W. H. A1 - Sullivan,B. M. A1 - Wayment,H. A. A1 - Warren,M. VL - 49 IS - 1 PY - 2010/03// N2 - A Web-based survey was conducted to study the religious and health practices, medical history and psychological characteristics among Buddhist practitioners. This report describes the development, advertisement, administration and preliminary results of the survey. Over 1200 Buddhist practitioners responded. Electronic advertisements were the most effective means of recruiting participants. Survey participants were mostly well educated with high incomes and white. Participants engaged in Buddhist practices such as meditation, attending meetings and obtaining instruction from a monk or nun, and practiced healthful behaviors such as regular physical activity and not smoking. Buddhist meditative practice was related to psychological mindfulness and general health. SP - 18 EP - 31 SN - 1573-6571 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4668 T1 - Utilizing spiritual ecograms with Native American families and children to promote cultural competence in family therapy. JF - Journal of Marital and Family Therapy M3 - 10.1111/j.1752-0606.2009.00163.x A1 - Limb,Gordon E. A1 - Hodge,David R. VL - 37 IS - 1 PY - 2011/01// N2 - This study signifies an initial step at giving family therapists an important assessment tool as they seek to increase cultural competence with Native American families and children. To determine the relevancy and consistency of utilizing a spiritual ecogram assessment tool with Native Americans, 50 Native American participants, with extensive experience with this population, reviewed, rated, and gave feedback on its use. Although some limitations were noted, results showed that spiritual ecograms were moderately consistent with Native American culture and, if used properly, can help family therapists develop culturally appropriate interventions with Native American families and children. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract) KW - American Indians KW - children KW - Cultural Competency KW - Family KW - Family Therapy KW - Native American families KW - SOCIAL skills KW - SOCIOCULTURAL factors KW - spiritual ecograms KW - Therapists SP - 81 EP - 94 SN - 0194-472X ER - TY - BOOK ID - 4687 T1 - The great oom : the improbable birth of yoga in America CY - New York A1 - Love,Robert PB - Viking PY - 2010/// SN - 9780670021758 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 4701 T1 - Payne's handbook of relaxation techniques : a practical guide for the health care professional CY - Edinburgh; New York A1 - Payne,Rosemary PB - Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier PY - 2010/// SN - 9780702031120 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4703 T1 - Religiosity and determinants of safe sex in Iranian non-medical male students JF - Journal of Religion and Health JA - J Relig Health M3 - 10.1007/s10943-008-9174-1 A1 - Shirazi,Kambiz Karimzadeh A1 - Morowatisharifabad,Mohammad Ali VL - 48 IS - 1 PY - 2009/03// N2 - This study evaluates the safe sex determinants in college students. In the qualitative section, premarital sex, sex with steady girlfriend and religion's impact were highlighted. In the quantitative part, the relations between the religiosity score and past sexual activity, attitude, norms, and self-efficacy with regard to sexual abstinence were investigated. Students who had a higher religious score were significantly more likely to have high self-efficacy in refusing sex, and their attitudes supported their abstinence. Additionally, these students were more likely never to have had a sexual relationship. Findings suggest that greater religious involvement is a protective factor in high-risk sexual behavior. KW - Adult KW - Humans KW - Interviews as Topic KW - Iran KW - Male KW - Religion and Sex KW - Safe Sex KW - Young Adult SP - 29 EP - 36 SN - 1573-6571 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4704 T1 - Positive changes, increased spiritual importance, and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use among cancer survivors JF - Integrative Cancer Therapies JA - Integr Cancer Ther M3 - 10.1177/1534735410387419 A1 - Mao,Jun J A1 - Cronholm,Peter F A1 - Stein,Emma A1 - Straton,Joseph B A1 - Palmer,Steven C A1 - Barg,Frances K VL - 9 IS - 4 PY - 2010/12// N2 - PURPOSE: Spirituality is an important component of the cancer experience. This study aims to assess characteristics of spiritual health following a cancer diagnosis, and evaluate the relationship between spiritual change and the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among a population-based cohort of cancer survivors. METHOD: A mailed, cross-sectional survey was completed by 614 cancer survivors identified through the Pennsylvania Cancer Registry. All subjects were 3 to 4.5 years postdiagnosis. Relationships between various characteristics of spiritual health and CAM use were examined, along with clinical and sociodemographic factors. RESULTS: Although large proportions of individuals reported that having cancer had positively affected their spiritual well-being (eg, 40.3% experienced highly positive spiritual changes, 68% felt a high sense of purpose, 75.9% reported being very hopeful), some individuals experienced negative spiritual change (36.1%) and continued to experience high levels of uncertainty (27.2%). In multivariate analyses, those survivors who felt spiritual life became more important (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.21-3.04, P = .006), or experienced positive changes resulting from the cancer experience (AOR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.26-3.15, P = .003), were more likely to use CAM than those who stated otherwise. CONCLUSIONS: Having cancer affects many different aspects of spiritual well-being, both positively and negatively. Positive changes and increased spiritual importance appear to be associated with the use of CAM. Prospective research is needed to test whether integrating CAM into conventional cancer care systems will facilitate positive, spiritually transformative processes among diverse groups of cancer survivors. SP - 339 EP - 347 SN - 1552-695X UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/21106614 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4706 T1 - The salvational process in relationships: A view from projective-introjective identification and repetition compulsion JF - Journal of Religion and Health JA - J Relig Health M3 - 10.1007/s10943-008-9215-9 A1 - Gostecnik,Christian A1 - Repic,Tanja A1 - Cvetek,Mateja A1 - Cvetek,Robert VL - 48 IS - 4 PY - 2009/12// N2 - On the basis of mechanisms such as projective-introjective identification, basic affect, affect regulation, and repetition compulsion, we shall try to explain the essence of intrapsychic, interpersonal, and relational family dynamics. We will also try to explain how relational connections mutually intertwine in the family system, what sustains them, and why they are created and recreated again and again. It is in this regard that we will also be able to consider the essential salvational process, which occurs precisely on the basis of these mechanisms, that is, those that represent fundamental purification and salvation. Some basic biblical theological concepts are applied. These provide the basis for integrating the psychological and theological domains of family systems. SP - 496 EP - 506 SN - 1573-6571 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19890724 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4712 T1 - Spiritual job satisfaction in an Iranian nursing context JF - Nursing Ethics JA - Nurs Ethics M3 - 10.1177/0969733008097987 A1 - Ravari,Ali A1 - Vanaki,Zohreh A1 - Houmann,Hydarali A1 - Kazemnejad,Anooshirvan VL - 16 IS - 1 PY - 2009/01// N2 - This article reports the results of a qualitative study that used a deep interview method. The aim was to gather lived experiences of clinical nurses employed at government-funded medical centres regarding the non-materialistic and spiritual aspects of the profession that have had an important impact on their job satisfaction. On analysing the participants' concepts of spiritual satisfaction, the following themes were extracted: spiritually pleasant feelings, patients as celestial gifts, spiritual commitment, spiritual penchant, spiritual rewards, and spiritual dilemmas. Content analysis of the data indicated that nurses who viewed these dimensions of job satisfaction as a significant factor considered nursing as an opportunity to worship God while providing care for patients, and regarded their aim as achieving patients' contentment by providing nursing care compatible with scientific care methods. KW - Empathy KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Iran KW - ISLAM KW - Job Satisfaction KW - Male KW - Nurse-Patient Relations KW - Nursing KW - spirituality SP - 19 EP - 30 SN - 0969-7330 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19103688 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4715 T1 - The Evolution of Student Nurses' Concepts of Spirituality JF - Holistic Nursing Practice JA - Holist Nurs Pract M3 - 10.1097/HNP.0b013e3181d39aba A1 - Salmon,Becky A1 - Bruick-Sorge,Cheryl A1 - Beckman,Sarah J. A1 - Boxley-Harges,Sanna VL - 24 IS - 2 PY - 2010/04//March/undefined N2 - Spirituality has different meanings to individuals from diverse backgrounds with minimal definitions documented in academe. This qualitative research study was to determine the evolution of student nurses' concepts of spirituality by comparing their definitions on admission and at completion of their nursing education. Student responses are discussed. SP - 73 EP - 78 SN - 1550-5138 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4717 T1 - A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: a pilot randomized trial JF - Journal of Clinical Psychology JA - J Clin Psychol M3 - 10.1002/jclp.20663 A1 - Koszycki,Diana A1 - Raab,Kelley A1 - Aldosary,Fahad A1 - Bradwejn,Jacques VL - 66 IS - 4 PY - 2010/02/08/ N1 -After a multifaith spiritually based intervention was applied to patients suffering generalized anxiety disorder, a reduction in depressive symptoms and improvement in social adjustment was observed.
N2 - This pilot trial evaluated the efficacy of a multifaith spiritually based intervention (SBI) for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for GAD of at least moderate severity were randomized to either 12 sessions of the SBI (n=11) delivered by a spiritual care counselor or 12 sessions of psychologist-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT; n=11). Outcome measures were completed at baseline, post-treatment, and 3-month and 6-month follow-ups. Primary efficacy measures included the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed on the intent-to-treat sample using the Last Observation Carried Forward method. Eighteen patients (82%) completed the study. The SBI produced robust and clinically significant reductions from baseline in psychic and somatic symptoms of GAD and was comparable in efficacy to CBT. A reduction in depressive symptoms and improvement in social adjustment was also observed. Treatment response occurred in 63.6% of SBI-treated and 72.3% of CBT-treated patients. Gains were maintained at 3-month and 6-month follow-ups. These preliminary findings are encouraging and suggest that a multifaith SBI may be an effective treatment option for GAD. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to establish the efficacy of this intervention. (c) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: 66(4):1-12, 2010. SP - 430 EP - 441 SN - 1097-4679 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4724 T1 - Seeking inspiration: the rediscovery of the spiritual dimension in health and social care in England JF - Mental Health, Religion & Culture JA - Mental Hlth., Religion & Culture M3 - 10.1080/13674676.2010.488422 A1 - Gilbert,Peter VL - 13 IS - 6 PY - 2010/09// N2 - Not so long ago Western society assumed that its citizens would get progressively richer and more leisured, and that inequality would not matter. There was also an assumption that health and social care services would simultaneously become more technically proficient and more concerned with a person's dignity and their individual needs. This paper considers this theme, looks at the current state of health and social care and the need to bring a sense of the spiritual back to revivify the service. SP - 533 EP - 546 SN - 1367-4676 UR - http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/13674676.2010.488422&magic=crossref||D404A21C5BB053405B1A640AFFD44AE3 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4728 T1 - Spirituality and reductionism: three replies JF - Nursing Philosophy: An International Journal for Healthcare Professionals JA - Nurs Philos M3 - 10.1111/j.1466-769X.2010.00439.x A1 - Paley,John VL - 11 IS - 3 PY - 2010/07// N2 - Several authors have commented on my reductionist account of spirituality in nursing, describing it variously as naive, disrespectful, demeaning, paternalistic, arrogant, reifying, indicative of a closed mind, akin to positivism, a procrustean bed, a perpetuation of fraud, a matter of faith, an attempt to secure ideological power, and a perspective that puritanically forbids interesting philosophical topics. In responding to this list of felonies and misdemeanours, I try to justify my excesses by arguing that the critics have not really understood what reductionism involves; that rejecting reductionism is not the same as providing arguments against it; that the ethical dilemmas allegedly associated with reductionist views are endemic to health care; that 'reifying' is what believers in the spiritual realm do; and that the closed minds belong to those who dismiss reductionist science without having studied its achievements. SP - 178 EP - 190 SN - 1466-769X ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4732 T1 - Developing Spiritual Competency With Native Americans: Promoting Wellness Through Balance and Harmony JF - Families in Society - The Journal of Contemporary Social Services M3 - 10.1606/1044-3894.3816 A1 - Limb,GE A1 - Hodge,DR VL - 89 IS - 4 PY - 2008/12//OCT N2 - Native Americans tend to hold culturally unique beliefs about the origin of problems and the ways in which those problems can be ameliorated. For most Native American tribal communities, spirituality is interconnected with health and well-being. Accordingly, developing some degree of spiritual competency is essential for work with Native American clients. Consequently, this paper discusses the relationship between spirituality and health, highlighting the roles that balance and harmony play in fostering health and well-being in many tribal cultures. Also discussed are common spiritual beliefs and practices, the American Indian Religious Freedom Act, areas of potential value conflict, and practice suggestions to enhance spiritual competency when working with Native Americans. SP - 615 EP - 622 SN - 1044-3894 UR - http://apps.isiknowledge.com.ezproxy.bu.edu/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=1&SID=3CnFfJ9gNElIMe5AOIj&page=3&doc=114&cacheurlFromRightClick=no ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4736 T1 - Spirituality 1: Should spiritual and religious beliefs be part of patient care? JF - Nursing Times JA - Nurs Times A1 - Sartori,Penny VL - 106 IS - 28 PY - 2010/07/20/26 N2 - Despite spirituality being an important aspect of patient care, few nurses feel they meet patients' needs in this area. This first in a two part series examines definitions of spirituality and the difference between this concept and religion. It also discusses spirituality at certain points in t hepatient pathway, such as at the end of life, and finding meaning in illness. SP - 14 EP - 17 SN - 0954-7762 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4744 T1 - Cultural, ethical, and spiritual competencies of health care providers responding to a catastrophic event JF - Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America JA - Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am M3 - 10.1016/j.ccell.2010.09.001 A1 - Jose,Mini M VL - 22 IS - 4 PY - 2010/12// N2 - Compassion is a language that is understood across cultures, religions, and nations. Being compassionate and empathetic is a basic responsibility of health care providers responding to disasters. Compassion and empathy cannot be operationalized unless providers show culturally competent, ethically right, and spiritually caring behavior. In addition to being accepting of cultures other than their own, providers must read literature and familiarize themselves with the predominant cultures of the affected population. Ethically right decision making is essentially an act of balancing the risks and benefits to the entire society. Spiritual care is an important dimension of total health, and therefore recognition and resolution of the spiritual needs of disaster victims is an essential role of health care providers. Disaster management is teamwork and therefore requires that health care providers draw on the expertise and support of other team members; coordinating efforts with local religious, social governmental organizations, and NGOs to deal with the intangible effects of the cultural and spiritual impact of a disaster and to prevent further demoralization of the affected community is imperative. Disasters occur, and the only thing that can ameliorate their devastating effects is to improve disaster preparedness and respond collectively and courageously to every catastrophic event. SP - 455 EP - 464 SN - 1558-3481 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 4750 T1 - Making Health Care Whole: Integrating Spirituality into Patient Care A1 - Puchalski,Christina A1 - Ferrell,Betty PB - Templeton Press PY - 2010/05/01/ SN - 159947350X ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4754 T1 - Nonlocality, Intention, and Observer Effects in Healing Studies: Laying a Foundation for the Future JF - EXPLORE: The Journal of Science and Healing M3 - 10.1016/j.explore.2010.06.011 A1 - Schwartz,Stephan A. A1 - Dossey,Larry VL - 6 IS - 5 PY - 2010/09// N2 - All research domains are based upon epistemological assumptions. Periodic reassessment of these assumptions is crucial because they influence how we interpret experimental outcomes. Perhaps nowhere is this reassessment needed more than in the study of prayer and intention experiments. For if positive results from this field of research are sustained, the reality of nonlocal consciousness must be confronted. This paper explores the current status of healing and intention research, citing a number of major studies and using the “Study of the Therapeutic Effects of Intercessory Prayer (STEP) in Cardiac Bypass Surgery Patients: A Multicenter Randomized Trial of Uncertainty and Certainty of Receiving Intercessory Prayer” as a case study of this line of research. The paper argues that the dose-dependent model typical of drug trials, and adopted for use in the STEP and other studies, is not the optimal model for intention-healing research, and critiques this approach in detail, citing apposite research from which we draw our recommendations and conclusions. The paper suggests that the usual assumptions concerning blindness and randomization that prevail in studies using the pharmacological model must be reappraised. Experimental data suggest that a nonlocal relationship exists among the various individuals participating in a study, one which needs to be understood and taken seriously. We argue that it is important to account for and understand the role of both local and nonlocal observer effects, since both can significantly affect outcome. Research is presented from an array of disciplines to support why the authors feel these issues of linkage, belief, and intention are so important to a successful, accurate, and meaningful study outcome. Finally, the paper offers suggestions for new lines of research and new protocol designs that address these observer-effect issues, particularly the nonlocal aspects. The paper finally suggests that if these effects occur in intention studies, they must necessarily exist in all studies, although in pharmacological studies they are often overshadowed by the power of chemical and biological agents. KW - Consciousness KW - healing KW - Intention KW - nonlocal consciousness KW - observer effect KW - placebo KW - prayer SP - 295 EP - 307 SN - 1550-8307 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4772 T1 - Yoga clinical research review JF - Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice M3 - 10.1016/j.ctcp.2010.09.007 A1 - Field,Tiffany VL - 17 IS - 1 PY - 2011/02// N2 - In this paper recent research is reviewed on the effects of yoga poses on psychological conditions including anxiety and depression, on pain syndromes, cardiovascular, autoimmune and immune conditions and on pregnancy. Further, the physiological effects of yoga including decreased heartrate and blood pressure and the physical effects including weight loss and increased muscle strength are reviewed. Finally, potential underlying mechanisms are proposed including the stimulation of pressure receptors leading to enhanced vagal activity and reduced cortisol. The reduction in cortisol, in turn, may contribute to positive effects such as enhanced immune function and a lower prematurity rate. KW - Cortisol KW - Pain KW - Vagal activity KW - yoga SP - 1 EP - 8 SN - 1744-3881 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4777 T1 - Use of alternative medicine in Israeli chronic rhinosinusitis patients JF - Journal of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery JA - J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg A1 - Yakirevitch,Arkadi A1 - Bedrin,Lev A1 - Migirov,Lela A1 - Wolf,Michael A1 - Talmi,Yoav P VL - 38 IS - 4 PY - 2009/08// N2 -This book bridges the worlds of counseling, contemplation, and action. It seeks to identify a pastoral mode arising from contemplative practice that is both effective in counseling settings and provides an avenue into social action. Less a study of counseling than a methodology for counseling.
SN - 9780800696627 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4895 T1 - Clinical implications of research on religion, spirituality, and mental health JF - Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie JA - Can J Psychiatry A1 - Baetz,Marilyn A1 - Toews,John VL - 54 IS - 5 PY - 2009/05// N2 - The relation between religion and (or) spirituality (RS), and mental health has shown generally positive associations; however, it is a complex and often emotion-laden field of study. We attempt to examine potential mechanisms that have been proposed as mediators for the RS and mental health relation. We also examine more philosophical areas including patient and physician opinions about inclusion of RS in patient care, and ethical issues that may arise. We review suggested guidelines for sensitive patient inquiry, and opportunities and challenges for education of psychiatrists and trainees. We also study practical ways to incorporate psychospiritual interventions into patient treatment, with specific reference to more common spiritual issues such as forgiveness, gratitude, and altruism. KW - Adaptation, Psychological KW - Curriculum KW - Humans KW - Internship and Residency KW - Mental Disorders KW - mental health KW - Psychiatry KW - Religion and Psychology KW - Religious Philosophies KW - Research KW - Social Values KW - spirituality SP - 292 EP - 301 SN - 0706-7437 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4898 T1 - An evaluation of the evidence in "evidence-based" integrative medicine programs JF - Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges JA - Acad Med M3 - 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181b185f4 A1 - Marcus,Donald M A1 - McCullough,Laurence VL - 84 IS - 9 PY - 2009/09// N2 - Alternative therapies are popular, and information about them should be included in the curricula of health profession schools. During 2000 to 2003, the National Institutes of Health National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine awarded five-year education grants to 14 health professions schools in the United States and to the American Medical Students Association Foundation. The purpose of the grants was to integrate evidence-based information about complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) into the curriculum. The authors reviewed the educational material concerning four popular CAM therapies-herbal remedies, chiropractic, acupuncture, and homeopathy-posted on the integrative medicine Web sites of the grant recipients and compared it with the best evidence available. The curricula on the integrative medicine sites were strongly biased in favor of CAM, many of the references were to poor-quality clinical trials, and they were five to six years out of date. These "evidence-based CAM" curricula, which are used all over the country, fail to meet the generally accepted standards of evidence-based medicine. By tolerating this situation, health professions schools are not meeting their educational and ethical obligations to learners, patients, or society. Because integrative medicine programs have failed to uphold educational standards, medical and nursing schools need to assume responsibility for their oversight. The authors suggest (1) appointing faculty committees to review the educational materials and therapies provided by integrative medicine programs, (2) holding integrative medicine programs' education about CAM to the same standard of evidence used for conventional treatments, and (3) providing ongoing oversight of integrative medicine education programs. KW - Complementary Therapies KW - Curriculum KW - Education, Medical, Undergraduate KW - Evidence-Based Medicine KW - Humans SP - 1229 EP - 1234 SN - 1938-808X UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19707062 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4909 T1 - Detection of nighttime melatonin level in Chinese Original Quiet Sitting JF - Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan Yi Zhi JA - J. Formos. Med. Assoc M3 - 10.1016/S0929-6646(10)60113-1 A1 - Liou,Chien-Hui A1 - Hsieh,Chang-Wei A1 - Hsieh,Chao-Hsien A1 - Chen,Der-Yow A1 - Wang,Chi-Hong A1 - Chen,Jyh-Horng A1 - Lee,Si-Chen VL - 109 IS - 10 PY - 2010/10// N2 - BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Some research has shown that melatonin levels increase after meditation practices, but other research has shown that they do not. In our previous functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we found positive activation of the pineal body during Chinese Original Quiet Sitting (COQS). To find other supporting evidence for pineal activation, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of COQS on nighttime melatonin levels. METHODS: Twenty subjects (11 women and 9 men, aged 29-64 years) who had regularly practiced daily meditation for 5-24 years participated in this study. All subjects served alternately as participants in the mediation and control groups. COQS was adopted in this study. Tests were performed during two nighttime sessions. Saliva was sampled at 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60 and 90 minutes after COQS and tested for level of melatonin. Time period effect analysis and mixed effect model analysis were preceded by paired t test analysis. RESULTS: In the meditation group (n = 20), the mean level of melatonin was significantly higher than the baseline level at various times post-meditation (p < 0.001). Within the control group (n = 20), the mean level of melatonin at various times was not significantly different compared with baseline (p>0.05). These results suggested that the melatonin level was statistically elevated in the meditation group and almost unchanged in the control group after nighttime meditation. The urine serotonin levels detected by measuring 5-hydroxy-indole-3-acetic acid levels were also studied, but no detectable difference between the groups was found. CONCLUSION: Our results support the hypothesis that meditation might elevate the nighttime salivary melatonin levels. It suggests that COQS can be used as a psychophysiological stimulus to increase endogenous secretion of melatonin, which in turn, might contribute to an improved sense of well-being. SP - 694 EP - 701 SN - 0929-6646 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20970065 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 4913 T1 - Yoga body : the origins of modern posture practice CY - Oxford; New York A1 - Singleton,Mark PB - Oxford University Press PY - 2010/// SN - 9780195395341 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4918 T1 - The importance of spirituality in supportive care JF - International Journal of Yoga JA - Int J Yoga M3 - 10.4103/0973-6131.78181 A1 - Messina,Giuseppina A1 - Anania,Stefania A1 - Bonomo,Claudia A1 - Veneroni,Laura A1 - Andreoli,Antonietta A1 - Mameli,Francesca A1 - Ortolina,Chiara A1 - De Fabritiis,Paola A1 - Gaffuri,Maria A1 - Imbesi,Francesco A1 - Moja,Egidio VL - 4 IS - 1 PY - 2011/01// N2 - BACKGROUND It has been shown that the pineal gland plays a fundamental role in mediating either the spiritual perception or the anticancer immunity by stimulating the endogenous production of anticancer cytokine interleukin (IL)-2. OBJECTIVE The present study was performed to evaluate the impact of a spiritual approach consisting of Kriya Yoga program alone or in association with melatonin (MLT) or low-dose IL-2 plus MLT on the survival time in a group of metastatic cancer patients with life expectancy less than 1 year. MATERIALS AND METHODS A case-control study was carried out in 240 patients (M/F: 146/94; median age: 62 years, range: 34-71, suffering from non-small-cell lung cancer or gastrointestinal tumors) who were subdivided into 6 groups of 40 patients, treated with supportive care alone as a control group, supportive care plus Yoga, MLT alone, MLT plus Yoga, inteleukin-2 plus MLT, or IL-2 plus MLT plus Yoga. RESULTS The best results in terms of increased survival time were obtained by the association between neuroimmunotherapy with MLT plus IL-2 and Yoga program (2 years), which was significantly longer with respect to that achieved by supportive care alone, Yoga alone, or IL-2 plus MLT alone (1 year). CONCLUSIONS This study would suggest that a spiritual therapeutic approach may improve the survival time of untreatable metastatic solid tumor patients. SP - 33 EP - 38 SN - 0973-6131 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21654973 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4925 T1 - Spiritual beliefs among Israeli nurses and social workers: a comparison based on their involvement with the dying JF - Omega JA - Omega (Westport) A1 - Pelleg,Gilly A1 - Leichtentritt,Ronit D VL - 59 IS - 3 PY - 2009/// N2 - The purpose of the study was to compare spiritual beliefs and practices between nurses and health care social workers based on their involvement with dying patients. Exposure to the dying was identified by two indicators: the percentage of terminally ill patients in the provider's care and the work environment. On the basis of the literature, differences were expected between the two types of professionals and the three degrees of involvement with the dying. Nurses were expected to have a higher spiritual perspective than social workers; and health care providers with high involvement in care for the dying were expected to hold the highest levels of spiritual beliefs. Contrary to expectations, no differences in spirituality were found between nurses and social workers; both groups exhibited medium levels of spirituality. Furthermore, health care providers who were highly involved with dying patients had the lowest spiritual perspectives. Tentative explanations of these unexpected results are presented and discussed. KW - Adult KW - Female KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Humans KW - Israel KW - Middle Aged KW - Nurse-Patient Relations KW - Nurse's Role KW - Palliative Care KW - social support KW - Social Work KW - spirituality KW - Terminal Care KW - Young Adult SP - 239 EP - 252 SN - 0030-2228 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4927 T1 - Mindfulness meditation: a primer for rheumatologists JF - Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America JA - Rheum. Dis. Clin. North Am M3 - 10.1016/j.rdc.2010.11.010 A1 - Young,Laura A VL - 37 IS - 1 PY - 2011/02// N2 - Over the past decade, there has been an increasing interest in meditation as a mind-body approach, given its potential to alleviate emotional distress and promote improved well being in a variety of populations. The overall purpose of this review is to provide the practicing rheumatologist with an overview of mindfulness and how it can be applied to Western medical treatment plans to enhance both the medical and psychological care of patients. SP - 63 EP - 75 SN - 1558-3163 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4931 T1 - Moving beyond clarity: towards a thin, vague, and useful understanding of spirituality in nursing care JF - Nursing Philosophy: An International Journal for Healthcare Professionals JA - Nurs Philos M3 - 10.1111/j.1466-769X.2010.00450.x A1 - Swinton,John A1 - Pattison,Stephen VL - 11 IS - 4 PY - 2010/10// N2 - Spirituality is a highly contested concept. Within the nursing literature, there are a huge range and diversity of definitions, some of which appear coherent whereas others seem quite disparate and unconnected. This vagueness within the nursing literature has led some to suggest that spirituality is so diverse as to be meaningless. Are the critics correct in asserting that the vagueness that surrounds spirituality invalidates it as a significant aspect of care? We think not. It is in fact the vagueness of the concept that is its strength and value. In this paper, we offer a critique of the general apologetic that surrounds the use of the language of spirituality in nursing. With the critics, we agree that the term 'spirituality' is used in endlessly different and loose ways. Similarly, we agree that these varied definitions may not refer to constant essences or objects within people or in the world. However, we fundamentally disagree that this makes spirituality irrelevant or of little practical utility. Quite the opposite; properly understood, the vagueness and lack of clarity around the term spirituality is actually a strength that has powerful political, social, and clinical implications. We develop an understanding of spirituality as a way of naming absences and recognizing gaps in healthcare provision as well as a prophetic challenge to some of the ways in which we practise health care within a secular and sometimes secularizing context such as the National Health Service. SP - 226 EP - 237 SN - 1466-769X UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20840134 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4936 T1 - Conceptualising spirituality for medical research and health service provision JF - BMC Health Services Research JA - BMC Health Serv Res M3 - 10.1186/1472-6963-9-116 A1 - King,Michael B A1 - Koenig,Harold G VL - 9 PY - 2009/07// N2 - The ne ed to take account of spirituality in research and health services provision is assuming ever greater importance. However the field has long been hampered by a lack of conceptual clarity about the nature of spirituality itself. We do not agree with the sceptical claim that it is impossible to conceptualize spirituality within a scientific paradigm. Our aims are to 1) provide a brief over-view of critical thinking that might form the basis for a useful definition of spirituality for research and clinical work and 2) demystify the language of spirituality for clinical practice and research. SP - 116 EP - 116 SN - 1472-6963 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4939 T1 - Ethical Challenges and Opportunities at the Edge: Incorporating Spirituality and Religion Into Psychotherapy JF - Professional Psycholog-Research and Practice M3 - 10.1037/a0016488 A1 - Gonsiorek,JC A1 - Richards,PS A1 - Pargament,KI A1 - McMinn,MR VL - 40 IS - 4 PY - 2009/08// N2 - Incorporating spirituality and religion into psychotherapy has been controversial, but recent contributions have argued the importance and provided foundations for doing so. Discussions of ethical challenges in this process are emerging, and this contribution discusses several preliminary issues, relying on the Resolution on Religious, Religion-Based and/or Religion-Derived Prejudice adopted by the American Psychological Association in 2007, as guidance when used with the American Psychological Association's (2002) Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. Specifically, this discussion of preliminary challenges addresses competence, bias, maintaining traditions and standards of psychology, and integrity in labeling services for reimbursement. Commentators deepen the discussion, addressing what constitutes minimal competence in this area; effective and truly mutual collaboration with clergy; the high level of ethical complexity and "inherent messiness" of this domain of psychological practice; and the particular challenges of demarcating the boundaries of these domains for regulatory and billing purposes. This discussion offers decidedly preliminary ideas on managing the interface of these domains. Further development is needed before this nascent area approximates precise guidelines or standards. SP - 385 EP - 395 SN - 0735-7028 UR - http://apps.isiknowledge.com.ezproxy.bu.edu/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=AdvancedSearch&qid=60&SID=4EE@3mJA43fogEL63gI&page=10&doc=97 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4945 T1 - Abortion and protection of the human fetus: religious and legal problems in Pakistan JF - Human Reproduction and Genetic Ethics JA - Hum Reprod Genet Ethics A1 - Ilyas,Muhammad A1 - Alam,Mukhtar A1 - Ahmad,Habib A1 - Sajid-ul-Ghafoor VL - 15 IS - 2 PY - 2009/// N2 - Abortion is the most common and controversial issue in many parts of the world. Approximately 46 million abortions are performed worldwide every year. The world ratio is 26 induced abortions per 100 known pregnancies. Pakistan has an estimated abortion rate of 29 abortions per 1,000 women of reproductive age, despite the procedure being illegal except to save a woman's life. 890,000 abortions are performed annually in Pakistan. Many government and non-government organizations are working on the issue of abortion. Muslim jurists are unanimous in declaring that after the fetus is completely formed and has been given a soul, abortion is haram (forbidden). KW - Abortion, Legal KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Beginning of Human Life KW - Female KW - Fetus KW - Humans KW - ISLAM KW - Legislation, Medical KW - Moral Obligations KW - Pakistan KW - Pregnancy KW - Religion and Medicine KW - Young Adult SP - 55 EP - 59 SN - 1028-7825 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 4947 T1 - The courage to be present : Buddhism, psychotherapy, and the awakening of natural wisdom CY - Boston Mass. ;Enfield A1 - Wegela,Karen PB - Shambhala ;;Publishers Group UK [distributor] PY - 2011/// SN - 9781590308301 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4950 T1 - Particularizing spirituality in points of tension: enriching the discourse JF - Nursing Inquiry JA - Nurs Inq M3 - 10.1111/j.1440-1800.2009.00462.x A1 - Pesut,Barbara A1 - Fowler,Marsha A1 - Reimer-Kirkham,Sheryl A1 - Taylor,Elizabeth Johnston A1 - Sawatzky,Rick VL - 16 IS - 4 PY - 2009/12// N2 - The tremendous growth in nursing literature about spirituality has garnered proportionately little critique. Part of the reason may be that the broad generalizing claims typical of this literature have not been sufficiently explicated so that their particular implications for a practice discipline could be evaluated. Further, conceptualizations that attempt to encompass all possible views are difficult to challenge outside of a particular location. However, once one assumes a particular location in relation to spirituality, then the question becomes how one resolves the tension between what are essentially theological or philosophical commitments and professional commitments. In this study, we discuss the tension between these perspectives using the idea of a responsible nursing response to spiritual pluralism. We then problematize three claims about spirituality in nursing discourse based upon our location as scholars influenced by Christian theological understandings: (i) the claim that all individuals are spiritual; (ii) the claim that human spirituality can be assessed and evaluated; and (iii) the claim that spirituality is a proper domain of nursing's concern and intervention. We conclude by suggesting that the widely shared values of social justice, compassion and human dignity may well serve as a grounding for the critique of spiritual discourses in nursing across particularized positions. SP - 337 EP - 346 SN - 1440-1800 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19906284 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4955 T1 - The effect of an educational session on pediatric nurses' perspectives toward providing spiritual care JF - Journal of Pediatric Nursing JA - J Pediatr Nurs M3 - 10.1016/j.pedn.2009.07.009 A1 - O'Shea,Eileen R A1 - Wallace,Meredith A1 - Griffin,Mary Quinn A1 - Fitzpatrick,Joyce J VL - 26 IS - 1 PY - 2011/01// N2 - This study evaluated the effect of a spiritual education session on pediatric nurses' perspectives toward providing spiritual care. A one-group pretest and posttest design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the educational session. Participants consisted of 41 pediatric and neonatal nurses that worked in a large university-affiliated children's hospital. Findings confirmed that the spiritual education session had a positive effect on nurses' perspectives toward providing spiritual care. In addition, a positive correlation was identified between the pediatric nurses' perception of their own spirituality and their perspective toward providing care. SP - 34 EP - 43 SN - 1532-8449 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4957 T1 - The integration of mindfulness and psychology JF - Journal of Clinical Psychology JA - J Clin Psychol M3 - 10.1002/jclp.20602 A1 - Shapiro,Shauna L VL - 65 IS - 6 PY - 2009/06// N2 - As the field of psychology continues to expand and evolve, one fruitful avenue of exploration has been the integration of mindfulness into psychological theory and practice. Mindfulness is defined as the awareness that arises out of intentionally attending in an open and discerning way to whatever is arising in the present moment. Two decades of empirical research have generated considerable evidence supporting the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions across a wide range of clinical and nonclinical populations, and these interventions have been incorporated into a variety of health care settings. Still, there are many unanswered questions and potential horizons to be investigated. This special issue endeavors to assist in this exploration. It presents a combination of articles concerning aspects of clinical and scientific integration of mindfulness within psychotherapy and psychoeducational settings. This commentary attempts to highlight the main findings of the featured articles as well as elucidate areas for future inquiry. Taken as a whole, the volume supports the importance and viability of the integration of mindfulness into psychology, and offers interesting and meaningful directions for future research. KW - Attention KW - Awareness KW - Cognitive Therapy KW - Forecasting KW - Humans KW - Psychology SP - 555 EP - 560 SN - 1097-4679 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4966 T1 - Oral hygiene and periodontal status among Terapanthi Svetambar Jain monks in India JF - Brazilian Oral Research JA - Braz Oral Res A1 - Jain,Manish A1 - Mathur,Anmol A1 - Kumar,Santhosh A1 - Duraiswamy,Prabu A1 - Kulkarni,Suhas VL - 23 IS - 4 PY - 2009/12//Oct-undefined N2 - The main objective of the study was to determine the oral hygiene levels and periodontal status among Jain monks attending a Chaturmass in Udaipur, India. To date, no study has been conducted on Jain monks. The study comprises of 180 subjects and the overall response rate was 76% among them. Oral hygiene status was assessed by the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) of Greene, Vermillion14 (1964), and periodontal status was assessed by the Community Periodontal Index. Additional information was collected regarding food habits, education level and oral hygiene habits. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Chi Square Test and Step-wise multiple linear regression analysis were carried out using SPSS Software (11.0). The results showed that the oral hygiene status of Jain monks was poor and only 5.6% of the subjects had good oral hygiene. Overall periodontal disease prevalence was 100% with bleeding and shallow pocket contributing a major part (72.8%) among all the age groups (p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that oral hygiene habits, caloric intake and education level explained a variance of 11.7% for the Oral hygiene index collectively. The findings confirmed that Jain monks have poor oral hygiene and an increased prevalence of periodontal disease compared to that of the similarly aged general population because, as a part of their religion, many Jain individuals avoid brushing their teeth especially during fasting, keeping in mind not to harm the microorganisms present in the mouth. SP - 370 EP - 376 SN - 1807-3107 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 4970 T1 - Contributions From Ethics and Research That Guide Integrating Religion Into Psychotherapy JF - Professional Psychology: Research and Practice M3 - 10.1037/a0022742 A1 - Rosenfeld,George W. VL - 42 IS - 2 PY - 2011/04// N2 -
Historically ignored or "treated," clients' religious beliefs are being incorporated into psychotherapy because they influence client and therapist thinking and have potential to heal and harm. This paper examines how professional codes of ethics and research on religion-friendly therapeutic interventions and on helpful and harmful religious beliefs and practices provide direction in dealing with religious matters in psychotherapy. Ethical codes emphasize self-determination, beneficence, and nonmaleficence, which lead to different treatment decisions depending on how they are prioritized. The informed consent process and motivational interviewing have potential to ethically reduce harm and maximize benefits from the client's religious beliefs.
Since the 1960s, in Western societies, there has been a striking growth of consumer interest in complementary or alternative medicine (CAM). In order to make this increased popularity intelligible this paper challenges stereotypical images of users’ motives and the results of clinical studies of CAM by exploring bodily experiences of acupuncture, reflexology treatments, and mindfulness training. The study draws on 138 in-depth interviews with 46 clients, client diaries and observations of 92 clinical treatments in order to identify bodily experiences of health and care: experiences that are contested between forces of mastery, control and resistance. We discuss why clients continue to use CAM even when the treatments do not help or even after they have been relieved of their physiological or mental problems. The encounter between the client and CAM produces derivative benefits such as a fresh and sustained sense of bodily responsibility that induces new health practices.
N2 - Since the 1960s, in Western societies, there has been a striking growth of consumer interest in complementary or alternative medicine (CAM). In order to make this increased popularity intelligible this paper challenges stereotypical images of users' motives and the results of clinical studies of CAM by exploring bodily experiences of acupuncture, reflexology treatments, and mindfulness training. The study draws on 138 in-depth interviews with 46 clients, client diaries and observations of 92 clinical treatments in order to identify bodily experiences of health and care: experiences that are contested between forces of mastery, control and resistance. We discuss why clients continue to use CAM even when the treatments do not help or even after they have been relieved of their physiological or mental problems. The encounter between the client and CAM produces derivative benefits such as a fresh and sustained sense of bodily responsibility that induces new health practices. KW - Acupuncture Therapy KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Attitude to Health KW - Complementary Therapies KW - Female KW - Health Behavior KW - Humans KW - Internal-External Control KW - Interviews as Topic KW - Male KW - Massage KW - Meditation KW - Middle Aged KW - Patient Acceptance of Health Care KW - Patient Satisfaction KW - Young Adult SP - 719 EP - 733 SN - 1467-9566 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19392940 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5073 T1 - Religious Orientation, Personality, and Attitudes About Human Stem Cell Research. JF - International Journal for the Psychology of Religion M3 - 10.1080/10508610802711095 A1 - Nielsen,Michael E. A1 - Williams,Jennifer A1 - Randolph-Seng,Brandon VL - 19 IS - 2 PY - 2009/04// N2 - Human stem cell research has revived long-standing debates regarding the sanctity and beginning of life. The current study addresses the issue by examining the ability of selected religiosity and personality variables to predict attitudes regarding stem cell research. Participants were given questionnaires measuring attitudes regarding stem cell research, along with the Need for Closure scale, the Internal Control Index, the Need for Uniqueness scale, religious orientation scales, and the Literal-Antiliteral-Mythological scale. Results indicate that those who hold more traditional religious beliefs are likely to oppose stem cell research for moral reasons, whereas those who have a more open-ended approach to religion are likely to be in favor of such research. Results also showed that personality variables were helpful in predicting people's confidence in institutions' ability to manage the ethical questions surrounding such research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] KW - ATTITUDE (Psychology) -- Research KW - PERSONALITY -- Religious aspects KW - PSYCHOLOGY -- Research KW - STEM cells -- Moral & ethical aspects KW - STEM cells -- Research -- Religious aspects SP - 81 EP - 91 SN - 10508619 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5095 T1 - Usage of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) among Osteoarthritis Patients Attending an Urban Multi-Specialist Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria JF - The Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal JA - Niger Postgrad Med J A1 - Obalum,D C A1 - Ogo,C N VL - 18 IS - 1 PY - 2011/03// N2 - BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA), a chronic degenerative disease of synovial joints is characterised by pain and stiffness. Aim of treatment is pain relief. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) refers to practices which are not an integral part of orthodox medicine. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To determine the pattern of usage of CAM among OA patients in Nigeria. PATIENTS AND METHODS Consecutive patients with OA attending orthopaedic clinic of Havana Specialist Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria were interviewed over a 6- month period st st of 1 May to 31 October 2007 on usage of CAM. Structured and open-ended questions were used. Demographic data, duration of OA and treatment as well as compliance to orthodox medications were documented. RESULTS One hundred and sixty four patients were studied.120 (73.25%) were females and 44(26.89%) were males. Respondents age range between 35-74 years. 66(40.2%) patients used CAM. 35(53.0%) had done so before presenting to the hospital. The most commonly used CAM were herbal products used by 50(75.8%) of CAM users. Among herbal product users, 74.0% used non- specific local products, 30.0% used ginger, 36.0% used garlic and 28.0% used Aloe Vera. Among CAM users, 35(53.0%) used local embrocation and massage, 10(15.2%) used spiritual methods. There was no significant difference in demographics, clinical characteristics and pain control among CAM users and non-users. CONCLUSION Many OA patients receiving orthodox therapy also use CAM. Medical doctors need to keep a wary eye on CAM usage among patients and enquire about this health-seeking behaviour in order to educate them on possible drug interactions, adverse effects and long term complications. SP - 44 EP - 47 SN - 1117-1936 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21445112 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5102 T1 - Independent advocacy and the “rise of spirituality”: views from advocates, service users and chaplains JF - Mental Health, Religion & Culture JA - Mental Hlth., Religion & Culture M3 - 10.1080/13674676.2010.488435 A1 - Morgan,Geoff VL - 13 IS - 6 PY - 2010/09// N2 - The Mental Capacity Act (2005) and the amendments to the Mental Health Act (1983) in 2007-which came into effect in 2007 and 2009, respectively, in England and Wales-made it a statutory duty for the NHS and local authorities to refer to advocacy services. This is part of a growth in advocacy which coincides with an increase in literature on mental health and spirituality. Independent advocates and spiritual care coordinators (or chaplains) provide expressions of advocacy. For Independent Mental Capacity Advocates, social, cultural and spiritual factors are influential. Research involved a literature review on the history of advocacy and interviews with over 30 advocates, chaplains and service users and subsequent grounded theory analysis. The attested “rediscovery of the spiritual dimension in health and social care” was supported by overlaps in the practices of advocates and chaplains. This highlighted shortcomings around the professionalisation of advocacy in relation to culture and spirituality. SP - 625 EP - 636 SN - 1367-4676 UR - http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/13674676.2010.488435&magic=crossref||D404A21C5BB053405B1A640AFFD44AE3 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5104 T1 - Nursing and spirituality: what happened to religion? JF - Journal of Christian Nursing: A Quarterly Publication of Nurses Christian Fellowship JA - J Christ Nurs A1 - Smith,Amy Rex VL - 26 IS - 4 PY - 2009/12//Oct-undefined N2 - No abstract available anywhere. SP - 216 EP - 222 SN - 0743-2550 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19824578 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5105 T1 - Spirituality in medicine: What is its role, today and tomorrow? JF - Word & World A1 - Lawson,Karen VL - 30 IS - 1 PY - 2010/// SP - 71 EP - 80 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5114 T1 - Living in the hands of God. English Sunni e-fatwas on (non-)voluntary euthanasia and assisted suicide JF - Medicine, Health Care, and Philosophy JA - Med Health Care Philos M3 - 10.1007/s11019-010-9280-1 A1 - Van den Branden,Stef A1 - Broeckaert,Bert VL - 14 IS - 1 PY - 2011/02// N2 - Ever since the start of the twentieth century, a growing interest and importance of studying fatwas can be noted, with a focus on Arabic printed fatwas (Wokoeck 2009). The scholarly study of end-of-life ethics in these fatwas is a very recent feature, taking a first start in the 1980s (Anees 1984; Rispler-Chaim 1993). Since the past two decades, we have witnessed the emergence of a multitude of English fatwas that can easily be consulted through the Internet ('e-fatwas'), providing Muslims worldwide with a form of Islamic normative guidance on a huge variety of topics. Although English online fatwas do provide guidance for Muslims and Muslim minorities worldwide on a myriad of topics including end-of-life issues, they have hardly been studied. This study analyses Islamic views on (non-)voluntary euthanasia and assisted suicide as expressed in English Sunni fatwas published on independent--i.e. not created by established organisations--Islamic websites. We use Tyan's definition of a fatwa to distinguish between fatwas and other types of texts offering Islamic guidance through the Internet. The study of e-fatwas is framed in the context of Bunt's typology of Cyber Islamic Environments (Bunt 2009) and in the framework of Roy's view on the virtual umma (Roy 2002). '(Non-)voluntary euthanasia and assisted suicide' are defined using Broeckaert's conceptual framework on treatment decisions at the end of life (Broeckaert 2008). We analysed 32 English Sunni e-fatwas. All of the e-fatwas discussed here firmly speak out against every form of active termination of life. They often bear the same structure, basing themselves solely on Quranic verses and prophetic traditions, leaving aside classical jurisprudential discussions on the subject. In this respect they share the characteristics central in Roy's typology of the fatwa in the virtual umma. On the level of content, they are in line with the international literature on Islamic end-of-life ethics. English Sunni e-fatwas make up an influential and therefore important developing body of Islamic orthodox normative authority on end-of-life ethics that is still open for further research. SP - 29 EP - 41 SN - 1572-8633 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5118 T1 - The validity and reliability of an instrument to assess nursing competencies in spiritual care JF - Journal of Clinical Nursing JA - J Clin Nurs M3 - 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02594.x A1 - van Leeuwen,René A1 - Tiesinga,Lucas J A1 - Middel,Berrie A1 - Post,Doeke A1 - Jochemsen,Henk VL - 18 IS - 20 PY - 2009/10// N2 - AIM: This study contributes to the development of a valid and reliable instrument, the spiritual care competence scale, as an instrument to assess nurses' competencies in providing spiritual care. BACKGROUND: Measuring these competencies and their development is important and the construction of a reliable and valid instrument is recommended in the literature. DESIGN: Survey. METHOD: The participants were students from Bachelor-level nursing schools in the Netherlands (n = 197) participating in a cross-sectional study. The items in the instrument were hypothesised from a competency profile regarding spiritual care. Construct validity was evaluated by factor analysis and internal consistency was estimated with Cronbach's alpha and the average inter-item correlation. In addition, the test-retest reliability of the instrument was determined at a two-week interval between baseline and follow-up (n = 109). RESULTS: The spiritual care competence scale comprises six spiritual-care-related nursing competencies. These domains were labelled: 1 assessment and implementation of spiritual care (Cronbach's alpha 0.82) 2 professionalisation and improving the quality of spiritual care (Cronbach's alpha 0.82) 3 personal support and patient counseling (Cronbach's alpha 0.81) 4 referral to professionals (Cronbach's alpha 0.79) 5 attitude towards the patient's spirituality (Cronbach's alpha 0.56) 6 communication (Cronbach's alpha 0.71). These subscales showed good homogeneity with average inter-item correlations >0.25 and a good test-retest reliability. CONCLUSION: This study conducted in a nursing-student population demonstrated valid and reliable scales for measuring spiritual care competencies. The psychometric quality of the instrument proved satisfactory. This study does have some methodological limitations that should be taken into account in any further development of the spiritual care competence scale. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The spiritual care competence scale can be used to assess the areas in which nurses need to receive training in spiritual care and can be used to assess whether nurses have developed competencies in providing spiritual care. SP - 2857 EP - 2869 SN - 1365-2702 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19220618 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5126 T1 - Identifying and integrating helpful and harmful religious beliefs into psychotherapy JF - Psychotherapy (Chicago, Ill.) JA - Psychotherapy (Chic) M3 - 10.1037/a0021176 A1 - Rosenfield,George W VL - 47 IS - 4 PY - 2010/12// N2 - The 2 main roles of the psychotherapist involve identifying and understanding the client's problems/strengths and treating problems. Suggestions are offered to guide addressing or avoiding religious beliefs in both roles. Types of religious beliefs that contribute to distress, particularly for youth, are identified and treatment options are offered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved). SP - 512 EP - 526 SN - 1939-1536 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/21198239 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5132 T1 - The Art of Contemplative and Mindfulness Practice: Incorporating the Findings of Neuroscience into Pastoral Care and Counseling. JF - Pastoral Psychology M3 - 10.1007/s11089-011-0328-9 A1 - Bingaman,Kirk VL - 60 IS - 3 PY - 2011/06// N2 - This article draws on recent neuroscientific research evidence that demonstrates the plasticity and malleability of the human brain to make the case for greater use of contemplative and mindfulness practices in pastoral care and counseling. It explores the negativity bias of the brain as it has evolved and argues that mindful awareness practices have the ability to work against this bias in favor of less fearful and anxious perspectives on life, including interpersonal relationships. Contending for a higher evaluation of Christian practices than beliefs, it specifically targets the doctrine of original sin as a contributor to this negativity bias, and advocates the use of Christian meditative practices, especially the Centering Prayer, as a means to foster brain resculpting that is integral to the experience of becoming aware of oneself as a new creation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] KW - ADAPTABILITY (Psychology) KW - CONTEMPLATION KW - Counseling KW - Interpersonal Relations KW - NEUROPLASTICITY KW - Neurosciences KW - Pastoral Care SP - 477 EP - 489 SN - 00312789 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5151 T1 - Learning effects of thematic peer-review: a qualitative analysis of reflective journals on spiritual care JF - Nurse Education Today JA - Nurse Educ Today M3 - 10.1016/j.nedt.2008.10.003 A1 - van Leeuwen,René A1 - Tiesinga,Lucas J A1 - Jochemsen,Henk A1 - Post,Doeke VL - 29 IS - 4 PY - 2009/05// N2 - This study describes the learning effects of thematic peer-review discussion groups (Hendriksen, 2000. Begeleid intervisie model, Collegiale advisering en probleemoplossing, Nelissen, Baarn.) on developing nursing students' competence in providing spiritual care. It also discusses the factors that might influence the learning process. The method of peer-review is a form of reflective learning based on the theory of experiential learning (Kolb, 1984. Experiential learning, Experience as the source of learning development. Englewoods Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice Hill). It was part of an educational programme on spiritual care in nursing for third-year undergraduate nursing students from two nursing schools in the Netherlands. Reflective journals (n=203) kept by students throughout the peer-review process were analysed qualitatively The analysis shows that students reflect on spirituality in the context of personal experiences in nursing practice. In addition, they discuss the nursing process and organizational aspects of spiritual care. The results show that the first two phases in the experiential learning cycle appear prominently; these are 'inclusion of actual experience' and 'reflecting on this experience'. The phases of 'abstraction of experience' and 'experimenting with new behaviour' are less evident. We will discuss possible explanations for these findings according to factors related to education, the students and the tutors and make recommendations for follow-up research. KW - Clinical Competence KW - Education, Nursing KW - Humans KW - Learning KW - Peer Review, Research KW - Periodicals as Topic KW - Qualitative Research KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - spirituality KW - Students, Nursing SP - 413 EP - 422 SN - 1532-2793 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19027200 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5156 T1 - Private prayer as a suitable intervention for hospitalised patients: a critical review of the literature JF - Journal of Clinical Nursing JA - J Clin Nurs M3 - 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02510.x A1 - Hollywell,Claire A1 - Walker,Jan VL - 18 IS - 5 PY - 2009/03// N2 - AIM This critical review seeks to identify if there is evidence that private (personal) prayer is capable of improving wellbeing for adult patients in hospital. BACKGROUND The review was conducted in the belief that the spiritual needs of hospitalised patients may be enhanced by encouragement and support to engage in prayer. DESIGN Systematic review. METHOD A systematic approach was used to gather evidence from published studies. In the absence of experimental research involving this type of population, evidence from qualitative and correlational studies was critically reviewed. Results. The findings indicate that private prayer, when measured by frequency, is usually associated with lower levels of depression and anxiety. Most of the studies that show positive associations between prayer and wellbeing were located in areas that have strong Christian traditions and samples reported a relatively high level of religiosity, church attendance and use of prayer. Church attenders, older people, women, those who are poor, less well educated and have chronic health problems appear to make more frequent use of prayer. Prayer appears to be a coping action that mediates between religious faith and wellbeing and can take different forms. Devotional prayers involving an intimate dialogue with a supportive God appear to be associated with improved optimism, wellbeing and function. In contrast, prayers that involve pleas for help may, in the absence of a pre-existing faith, be associated with increased distress and possibly poorer function. CONCLUSION Future research needs to differentiate the effects of different types of prayer. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Encouragement to engage in prayer should be offered only following assessment of the patient's faith and likely content and form of prayer to be used. Hospitalised patients who lack faith and whose prayers involve desperate pleas for help are likely to need additional support from competent nursing and chaplaincy staff. KW - Evidence-Based Nursing KW - Hospitalization KW - Humans KW - Nursing Staff, Hospital KW - Professional-Patient Relations KW - religion KW - Religion and Medicine KW - spirituality SP - 637 EP - 651 SN - 1365-2702 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19077024 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5172 T1 - Divine intervention? A Cochrane review on intercessory prayer gone beyond science and reason JF - Journal of Negative Results in Biomedicine JA - J Negat Results Biomed M3 - 10.1186/1477-5751-8-7 A1 - Jørgensen,Karsten Juhl A1 - Hróbjartsson,Asbjørn A1 - Gøtzsche,Peter C VL - 8 PY - 2009/// N2 - We discuss in this commentary a recent Cochrane review of 10 randomised trials aimed at testing the religious belief that praying to a god can help those who are prayed for. The review concluded that the available studies merit additional research. However, the review presented a scientifically unsound mixture of theological and scientific arguments, and two of the included trials that had a large impact on the findings had problems that were not described in the review. The review fails to live up to the high standards required for Cochrane reviews. KW - Faith Healing KW - Humans KW - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic KW - Religion and Medicine KW - Review Literature as Topic KW - Science SP - 7 EP - 7 SN - 1477-5751 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5173 T1 - The science of energy therapies and contemplative practice: a conceptual review and the application of zero balancing JF - Holistic Nursing Practice JA - Holist Nurs Pract M3 - 10.1097/HNP.0b013e3181bf3784 A1 - Denner,Sallie Stoltz VL - 23 IS - 6 PY - 2009/12//Nov-undefined N2 - The topic of energy therapies is prompted by the increasing attention of healthcare practitioners and consumers to Eastern philosophies and ancient healing practices. This article includes a conceptual framework of quantum physics principles providing the basis of interpretation of energetic phenomena, along with the exploration of theoretical concepts involving energy as a communicational network. An overview of the contemplative tradition of meditation indicates its necessity as a requisite element of energy therapies, the practice combining a knowledge base of the core scientific precepts with the experience of restorative strategies. The relevance of energy therapies as a path to self-transcendence along with the application of a specific touch technique, Zero Balancing, is highlighted. SP - 315 EP - 334 SN - 1550-5138 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19901607 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5197 T1 - Religious and spiritual issues in medical genetics JF - American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part C, Seminars in Medical Genetics JA - Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet M3 - 10.1002/ajmg.c.30191 A1 - Fanning,Joseph B A1 - Clayton,Ellen Wright VL - 151C IS - 1 PY - 2009/02/15/ N2 - This article provides an overview of a special issue on the religious and spiritual concerns that arise in the provision of genetic services. It introduces some of the challenges in defining religion and spirituality and provides contexts and summaries for the empirical and normative research that appears in the issue. KW - Genetics, Medical KW - Humans KW - religion SP - 1 EP - 5 SN - 1552-4876 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5210 T1 - Complementary, holistic, and integrative medicine: meditation practices for pediatric health JF - Pediatrics in Review / American Academy of Pediatrics JA - Pediatr Rev M3 - 10.1542/pir.31-12-e91 A1 - Sibinga,Erica M S A1 - Kemper,Kathi J VL - 31 IS - 12 PY - 2010/12// N2 - Interest in, practice of, and research about a variety of meditation forms for children and youth is growing. Thus far, the evidence supports the feasibility and acceptability of numerous meditative practices, including mindfulness practices, TM, RR, yoga, and tai chi. A number of well-controlled studies support the use of meditation for blood pressure reduction. In addition, research suggests that meditative practices are associated with improvements in attention, behavior, and psychological functioning in children and youth. More rigorous comparative effectiveness research in larger, diverse pediatric populations is needed to be confident that these results are related specifically to the instruction and practice of meditative practices and to tailor recommendations to specific patients. Despite the desirability of additional research, meditation is a very safe practice, with a variety of approaches that can suit diverse unique needs, values, and preferences. Clinicians should use similar approaches and considerations in referring pediatric patients for meditation training as for other complementary therapies and therapists such as massage and acupuncture. SP - e91-103 EP - e91-103 SN - 1526-3347 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/21123509 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5226 T1 - Benefits, barriers, and cues to action of yoga practice: a focus group approach JF - American Journal of Health Behavior JA - Am J Health Behav A1 - Atkinson,Nancy L A1 - Permuth-Levine,Rachel VL - 33 IS - 1 PY - 2009/02//Jan-undefined N2 - OBJECTIVES To explore perceived benefits, barriers, and cues to action of yoga practice among adults. METHODS Focus groups were conducted with persons who had never practiced yoga, practitioners of one year or less, and practitioners for more than one year. The Health Belief Model was the theoretical foundation of inquiry. RESULTS All participants acknowledged a variety of benefits of yoga. Barriers outweighed benefits among persons who had never practiced despite knowledge of benefits. Positive experiences with yoga and yoga instructors facilitated practice. CONCLUSIONS Newly identified benefits and barriers indicate the need for quantitative research and behavioral trials. KW - Adult KW - Attitude to Health KW - Female KW - Focus Groups KW - Health Behavior KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Mid-Atlantic Region KW - Middle Aged KW - Outcome Assessment (Health Care) KW - Perception KW - Physical Fitness KW - Postural Balance KW - Qualitative Research KW - Stress, Psychological KW - yoga SP - 3 EP - 14 SN - 1087-3244 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18844516 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5233 T1 - Exploring the Islamic tradition for resonance and dissonance with cognitive therapy for depression. JF - Mental Health, Religion & Culture M3 - 10.1080/13674676.2010.517190 A1 - Thomas,Justin A1 - Ashraf,Saquab VL - 14 IS - 2 PY - 2011/02// N2 - Many of the defining principles and techniques used within contemporary cognitive therapy are congruent with basic Islamic values, and in some cases they are highly resonant with specific Islamic directives aimed at shaping human cognition and behaviour. Several previous authors concur on this point, suggesting a particularly good fit between cognitive therapy and the Islamic tradition relative to other forms of psychotherapeutic intervention. This paper explores the process of cognitive therapy and the models of depression upon which it is based, highlighting areas of resonance and dissonance with Islamic thought. The paper advocates the development of cognitive behavioural psychotherapeutic content and technique informed by Islamic tradition. We argue that such spiritually and culturally attuned interventions, in many cases, will be more appropriate and clinically effective for clients with world views shaped by Islam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] KW - Cognitive Therapy KW - Culture KW - DEPRESSION, Mental -- Treatment KW - ISLAM SP - 183 EP - 190 SN - 13674676 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5242 T1 - The use of dreams in spiritual care JF - Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy JA - J Health Care Chaplain M3 - 10.1080/08854726.2011.559862 A1 - Stranahan,Susan VL - 17 IS - 1 PY - 2011/01// N1 -This article encourages discussion of dreams as a part of therapeutic care of patients by pastoral care providers. Specifically, it suggests that Hill's Cognitive-Experimental Dream Interpretation Model is useful for practitioners to explore dreams with patients, gaining insight about spiritual problems, and developing a course of action.
N2 - This paper explores the use of dreams in the context of pastoral care. Although many people dream and consider their dreams to hold some significant spiritual meaning, spiritual care providers have been reluctant to incorporate patients' dreams into the therapeutic conversation. Not every dream can be considered insightful, but probing the meaning of some dreams can enhance spiritual care practice. Hill's Cognitive-Experimental Dream Interpretation Model is applied in the current article as a useful framework for exploring dreams, gaining insight about spiritual problems, and developing a therapeutic plan of action. Bulkeley's criteria for dream interpretation were used to furnish safeguards against inappropriate application of dream interpretation to spiritual assessment and interventions. SP - 87 EP - 94 SN - 1528-6916 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21534069 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5247 T1 - Complementary medicine in the primary care setting: Results of a survey of gender and cultural patterns in Israel JF - Gender Medicine JA - Gend Med M3 - 10.1016/j.genm.2009.07.002 A1 - Ben-Arye,Eran A1 - Karkabi,Sonia A1 - Shapira,Chen A1 - Schiff,Elad A1 - Lavie,Ofer A1 - Keshet,Yael VL - 6 IS - 2 PY - 2009/07// N2 -This article provides a critical analysis of three types of prayer studies on scientific (methodological) and philosophical grounds and concludes that any future research into the effectiveness of prayer in healing will inevitably run up against these problems.
N2 - Religious traditions across the world display beliefs in healing through prayer. The healing powers of prayer have been examined in triple-blind, randomized controlled trials. We illustrate randomized controlled trials on prayer and healing, with one study in each of different categories of outcome. We provide a critical analysis of the scientific and philosophical dimensions of such research. Prayer has been reported to improve outcomes in human as well as nonhuman species, to have no effect on outcomes, to worsen outcomes and to have retrospective healing effects. For a multitude of reasons, research on the healing effects of prayer is riddled with assumptions, challenges and contradictions that make the subject a scientific and religious minefield. We believe that the research has led nowhere, and that future research, if any, will forever be constrained by the scientific limitations that we outline. SP - 247 EP - 253 SN - 1998-3794 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5420 T1 - Muslim breast cancer survivor spirituality: coping strategy or health seeking behavior hindrance? JF - Health Care for Women International JA - Health Care Women Int M3 - 10.1080/07399330903104516 A1 - Harandy,Tayebeh Fasihi A1 - Ghofranipour,Fazlollah A1 - Montazeri,Ali A1 - Anoosheh,Monireh A1 - Bazargan,Mohsen A1 - Mohammadi,Eesa A1 - Ahmadi,Fazlollah A1 - Niknami,Shamsaddin VL - 31 IS - 1 PY - 2010/01// N2 - We explored the role of religiosity and spirituality on (i) feelings and attitudes about breast cancer, (ii) strategies for coping with breast cancer, and (iii) health care seeking behaviors among breast cancer survivors in Iran. We conducted in-depth semistructured interviews with 39 breast cancer survivors. We found that spirituality is the primary source of psychological support among participants. Almost all participants attributed their cancer to the will of God. Despite this, they actively have been engaged with their medical treatment. This is in surprising contrast to Western cultures in which a belief in an external health locus of control diminishes participation in cancer screening, detection, and treatment. These findings can help researchers to provide a framework for the development of appropriate and effective culturally sensitive health interventions. SP - 88 EP - 98 SN - 1096-4665 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5423 T1 - The Efficacy and Cost Effectiveness of Integrative Medicine: A Review of the Medical and Corporate Literature JF - EXPLORE: The Journal of Science and Healing M3 - 10.1016/j.explore.2010.06.012 A1 - Guarneri,Erminia (Mimi) A1 - Horrigan,Bonnie J. A1 - Pechura,Constance M. VL - 6 IS - 5 PY - 2010/09// N2 - Data supporting the efficacy and cost effectiveness of an integrative approach to healthcare comes from three sources: medical research conducted at universities, studies carried out by corporations developing employee wellness programs, and pilot projects run by insurance companies. The integrative approaches being studied place the patient at the center of the care and address the full range of physical, emotional, mental, social, spiritual, and environmental influences that affect a person's health. Most importantly, they promote prevention by engaging the whole person in the attainment of a personalized lifestyle that supports health. A review of the medical, corporate, and payer literature reveals that, to start, immediate and significant health benefits and cost savings could be realized throughout our healthcare system by utilizing three integrative strategies: (1) integrative lifestyle change programs for those with chronic disease, (2) integrative interventions for people experiencing depression, and (3) integrative preventive strategies to support wellness in all populations. KW - cost effectiveness KW - Integrative medicine SP - 308 EP - 312 SN - 1550-8307 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5434 T1 - When do nurses refer patients to professional chaplains? JF - Holistic Nursing Practice JA - Holist Nurs Pract M3 - 10.1097/HNP.0b013e3181c8e491 A1 - Weinberger-Litman,Sarah L A1 - Muncie,Margaret A A1 - Flannelly,Laura T A1 - Flannelly,Kevin J VL - 24 IS - 1 PY - 2010/02//Jan-undefined N2 - Nursing has historically realized the importance of spirituality in patient care, and more than other healthcare staff, they also have recognized the integral role of chaplains in meeting the spiritual needs of patients. The present study examines specific patient and family issues for which nurses make referrals to chaplains. A previously piloted questionnaire asking how often nurses and allied staff refer patients to chaplains was distributed to 133 staff members at a New York area hospital, the majority of whom were registered nurses (RNs). ANOVA revealed significant differences with respect to the kinds of issues that nurses are likely to refer to chaplains, with referrals being most likely for family issues and least likely for treatment-related issues. A significant interaction between staff type (nurses vs allied staff) and issues was also found. The results are discussed in relation to the nurses' desire to meet patients' spiritual needs and how this can be achieved. SP - 44 EP - 48 SN - 1550-5138 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5452 T1 - Challenges and achievements in the development of spiritual-care training and implementation in Israel. JF - Palliative Medicine M3 - 10.1177/0269216310380490 A1 - Bentur,Netta A1 - Resnizky,Shirli VL - 24 IS - 8 PY - 2010/12/12/ N2 - In recent years, pioneering spiritual-care training programs and services have been developed in Israel. This paper examines the implementation of the training programs and the challenge of integrating program graduates in the healthcare services. The information was collected through in-depth interviews with 12 students and graduates and the directors of the three training programs. All the interviews were transcribed in full and analyzed using qualitative study methods. The interviewees emphasized the importance of practical experience, although many of them encountered some degree of antagonism during their training or placement. Continuation of personal counseling and supervision after the conclusion of the program is also essential. Some were worried that they would not find work or were concerned about negotiations with potential employers. Evidently, the implementation of spiritual-care education must continue apace and careful consideration be given to optimizing its acceptance by the establishment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] SP - 771 EP - 776 SN - 02692163 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5458 T1 - The Relationship of Nursing Students' Spiritual Care Perspectives to Their Expressions of Spiritual Empathy JF - The Journal of Nursing Education JA - J Nurs Educ M3 - 10.3928/01484834-20090716-05 A1 - Chism,Lisa Astalos A1 - Magnan,Morris A VL - 48 IS - 11 PY - 2009/07/30/ N2 - Guided by Chism's Middle-Range Theory of Spiritual Empathy, the overarching purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which nursing students' spiritual care perspectives account for their expressions of spiritual empathy. In this descriptive correlational study, spiritual care perspectives accounted for 8.6% of the variance in nursing students' (N = 223) expressions of spiritual empathy after controlling for relevant demographic and spirituality variables. Findings of the study suggest that the provision of spiritual care in nursing practice depends, in part, on nurses clarifying their own spiritual care perspectives. SP - 597 EP - 605 SN - 0148-4834 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19650610 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5463 T1 - Effect of integrated yoga practices on immune responses in examination stress - A preliminary study JF - International Journal of Yoga JA - Int J Yoga M3 - 10.4103/0973-6131.78178 A1 - Gopal,Aravind A1 - Mondal,Sunita A1 - Gandhi,Asha A1 - Arora,Sarika A1 - Bhattacharjee,Jayashree VL - 4 IS - 1 PY - 2011/01// N2 - BACKGROUND Stress is often associated with an increased occurrence of autonomic, cardiovascular, and immune system pathology. This study was done to evaluate the impact of stress on psychological, physiological parameters, and immune system during medical term -academic examination and the effect of yoga practices on the same. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was carried out on sixty first-year MBBS students randomly assigned to yoga group and control group (30 each). The yoga group underwent integrated yoga practices for 35 minutes daily in the presence of trained yoga teacher for 12 weeks. Control group did not undergo any kind of yoga practice or stress management. Physiological parameters like heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure were measured. Global Assessment of Recent Stress Scale and Spielbergers State Anxiety score were assessed at baseline and during the examination. Serum cortisol levels, IL-4, and IFN-γ levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. RESULT In the yoga group, no significant difference was observed in physiological parameters during the examination stress, whereas in the control group, a significant increase was observed. Likewise, the indicators of psychological stress showed highly significant difference in control group compared with significant difference in yoga group. During the examination, the increase in serum cortical and decrease in serum IFN-γ in yoga group was less significant (P<0.01) than in the control group (P<0.001). Both the groups demonstrated an increase in serum IL-4 levels, the changes being insignificant for the duration of the study. CONCLUSION Yoga resists the autonomic changes and impairment of cellular immunity seen in examination stress. SP - 26 EP - 32 SN - 0973-6131 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21654972 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5497 T1 - Spirituality and the threat to therapeutic boundaries in psychiatric practice. JF - Mental Health, Religion & Culture M3 - 10.1080/13674671003746845 A1 - Poole,Rob A1 - Higgo,Robert VL - 14 IS - 1 PY - 2011/01// N2 - There is a determined campaign to make exploration of patients' spiritual experience an intrinsic and necessary part of routine psychiatric care. This has support from the Royal College of Psychiatrists, though there has been no consultation with psychiatrists. Whilst many of the proposals are uncontroversial, some involve serious breaches of normal professional boundaries of behaviour as set out in General Medical Council guidance. The contentious proposals are that a spiritual history should be taken from all patients, even where they resist; that it is sometimes acceptable to pray with patients; and that clinicians should support 'healthy' religious beliefs and challenge 'unhealthy' ones. The proposals are based on a model of universal spirituality which, we argue, is culture bound and lacks neutrality. This paper explores these issues and the consequences that might flow from altering professional boundaries in psychiatry. We conclude that the changes are unnecessary and should be resisted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] SP - 19 EP - 29 SN - 13674676 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5500 T1 - Complementary and alternative medicine for psoriasis: A qualitative review of the clinical trial literature JF - Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology M3 - 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.04.029 A1 - Smith,Nana A1 - Weymann,Alex A1 - Tausk,Francisco A. A1 - Gelfand,Joel M. VL - 61 IS - 5 PY - 2009/11// N2 - Background Patients with psoriasis often inquire about complementary and alternative medicine in an effort to do everything possible to control the disease.Objective We sought to review the clinical trial literature regarding complementary and alternative medicine for the treatment of psoriasis.Methods We conducted qualitative systematic review of randomized, clinical trials.Results Although many randomized controlled trials were found, both the results and the quality of the studies varied.Limitations The main limitations were the relatively low quality of studies (as assessed by Jadad scores), lack of inclusion of unpublished studies, and the fact that only one author determined inclusion of studies and assignment of Jadad scores.Conclusion There is a large body of literature in regard to complementary and alternative medicine for the treatment of psoriasis. More work is necessary before these modalities should be recommended to our patients. KW - Acupuncture KW - Alternative medicine KW - Chinese medicine KW - climatotherapy KW - complementary medicine KW - fish oil KW - Herbal Medicine KW - Hypnosis KW - psoriasis SP - 841 EP - 856 SN - 0190-9622 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.bu.edu/science/article/B6WM8-4WXXV37-3/2/86fd5b1a427cc1eb59b823c687578c2f ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5513 T1 - Awakening to space consciousness and timeless transcendent presence JF - Nursing Science Quarterly JA - Nurs Sci Q M3 - 10.1177/0894318410371848 A1 - Jonas-Simpson,Christine VL - 23 IS - 3 PY - 2010/07// N2 - Space consciousness is emerging as significant and necessary for the evolution of humanity according to spiritual teacher, Eckhart Tolle. Through space consciousness people become aware that we are timeless transcendent presence. This awareness is pronounced when with those who are living dying and their close others who are deeply grieving. Space consciousness and transcendent timeless presence in the context of living dying and deeply grieving are explored using nurse theorists' works in dialogue with Tolle's teachings. SP - 195 EP - 200 SN - 1552-7409 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5541 T1 - Integrating spirituality into critical care: an APN perspective using Roy's adaptation model JF - Critical Care Nursing Quarterly JA - Crit Care Nurs Q M3 - 10.1097/CNQ.0b013e3181ecd56d A1 - Weiland,Sandra A VL - 33 IS - 3 PY - 2010/09//Jul-undefined N2 - Integration of the spiritual domain into the nursing plan of care positively influences health and wellness. Applying nursing theory to practice reinforces the advanced practice nurse's (APN's) responsibility to integrate spiritual care into the critical care environment. Indeed, all nurses have an obligation to integrate spiritual care because the focus of nursing care is beneficence. Moreover, the focus of APN care is not curing, but healing. Healing can be assisted by entering into the patient's suffering to help reconstruct life plans and facilitate realizing meaning from the despair of illness even while facing extreme adversity and death. This article describes spiritual care of the critically ill adult patient and the role that the APN must, can, and should take to assimilate spiritual care into care of these patients and their families. SP - 282 EP - 291 SN - 1550-5111 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5545 T1 - The universality of Rogers' science of unitary human beings JF - Nursing Science Quarterly JA - Nurs Sci Q M3 - 10.1177/0894318409353795 A1 - Phillips,John R VL - 23 IS - 1 PY - 2010/01// N2 - The universality of Rogers' science is discussed within the context of science and religion with an emphasis on an alive universe. Barrett's power theory is presented as an exemplar of the universality of Rogers' science. The implications of an alive universe are discussed. Rogers and Barrett are recognized for their contributions to nursing science and the sacred alive universe. SP - 55 EP - 59 SN - 1552-7409 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5548 T1 - Spirituality. 2: Exploring how to address patients' spiritual needs in practice JF - Nursing Times JA - Nurs Times A1 - Sartori,Penny VL - 106 IS - 29 PY - 2010/08/27/Jul -2 N2 - Although meeting patients' spiritual needs is important, many nurses are uncertain about what spiritual care involves and lack confidence in this area. This second article in a two part series on spirituality considers ways of addressing spiritual needs and provides an overview of the principles of assessment and implementation. Part 1 explored definitions of spirituality, the difference between religion and spirituality, and finding meaning in illness. SP - 23 EP - 25 SN - 0954-7762 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5568 T1 - Ontologies of nursing in an age of spiritual pluralism: closed or open worldview? JF - Nursing Philosophy: An International Journal for Healthcare Professionals JA - Nurs Philos M3 - 10.1111/j.1466-769X.2009.00420.x A1 - Pesut,Barbara VL - 11 IS - 1 PY - 2010/01// N2 - North American society has undergone a period of sacralization where ideas of spirituality have increasingly been infused into the public domain. This sacralization is particularly evident in the nursing discourse where it is common to find claims about the nature of persons as inherently spiritual, about what a spiritually healthy person looks like and about the environment as spiritually energetic and interconnected. Nursing theoretical thinking has also used claims about the nature of persons, health, and the environment to attempt to establish a unified ontology for the discipline. However, despite this common ground, there has been little discussion about the intersections between nursing philosophic thinking and the spirituality in nursing discourse, or about the challenges of adopting a common view of these claims within a spiritually pluralist society. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the call for ontological unity within nursing philosophic thinking in the context of the sacralization of a diverse society. I will begin with a discussion of secularization and sacralization, illustrating the diversity of beliefs and experiences that characterize the current trend towards sacralization. I will then discuss the challenges of a unified ontological perspective, or closed world view, for this diversity, using examples from both a naturalistic and a unitary perspective. I will conclude by arguing for a unified approach within nursing ethics rather than nursing ontology. SP - 15 EP - 23 SN - 1466-769X ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5574 T1 - Are modern health worries, environmental concerns, or paranormal beliefs associated with perceptions of the effectiveness of complementary and alternative medicine? JF - British Journal of Health Psychology JA - Br J Health Psychol M3 - 10.1348/135910709X477511 A1 - Jeswani,Mamta A1 - Furnham,Adrian VL - 15 IS - Pt 3 PY - 2010/09// N2 - OBJECTIVE: To investigate to what extent paranormal beliefs, modern health worries (MHWs), and environmental concerns were related to beliefs about, and behaviour associated with complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). METHODS: Of the participants, 150 completed a four-part questionnaire measuring use and perception of CAM, MHWs, paranormal beliefs, and environmental concerns. RESULTS: A factor analysis on the CAM questions revealed three clear components, labelled efficacy of CAM, attitudes to CAM, and safety of CAM. Age, total MHWs, paranormal beliefs, and environmental concerns were used as predictor variables in regression analyses with efficacy as criterion variable. Age was found to be a significantly related to efficacy of CAM. When total MHW score, paranormal belief score, and environmental concern score were added to the model, the r(2) increased by 29%. Environmental concern did not significantly relate to efficacy but spiritualism beliefs did. A factor analysis of the MHW scale items revealed nine factors. Out of these, radiation, doctors playing God, disasters, and epidemics, as well as harmful rays and air contaminants significantly predict belief in the efficacy of CAM. CONCLUSION: Overall, older people, with more MHWs, and who believe in the paranormal are more likely to believe that CAM works, possibly because of a more intuitive, 'holistic', thinking style. Limitations of the study are considered. SP - 599 EP - 609 SN - 1359-107X ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5575 T1 - Spiritual care provided by Thai nurses in intensive care units JF - Journal of Clinical Nursing M3 - 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.03072.x A1 - Lundberg,Pranee C A1 - Kerdonfag,Petcharat VL - 19 IS - 7-8 PY - 2010/// N2 - Aim. The aim of this study was to explore how Thai nurses in intensive care units of a university hospital in Bangkok provided spiritual care to their patients.Background. The function of nursing is to promote health, prevent illness, restore health and alleviate suffering. An holistic approach to this promotion includes spirituality.Design. An explorative qualitative study was used.Method. Thirty Thai nurses, selected through purposive sampling with the snowball technique, participated voluntarily. Semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions were carried out, taped-recorded, transcribed verbatim and subjected to content analysis.Results. Five themes related to the provision of spiritual care emerged: giving mental support, facilitating religious rituals and cultural beliefs, communicating with patients and patients' families, assessing the spiritual needs of patients and showing respect and facilitating family participation in care. Several ways of improving the spiritual care were suggested by the nurses.Conclusions. Spirituality was an important part of the care for the nurses when meeting the needs of their patients and the patients' families. Therefore, nursing education should enhance nurses' understanding and awareness of spiritual issues and prepare them to respond to human spiritual needs.Relevance to clinical practice. Nurses should consider spirituality as an important component of holistic care. During their professional career, they should expand their knowledge and understanding of spirituality and develop tools for assessment of spiritual needs. SP - 1121 EP - 1128 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5578 T1 - Training the workforce in spiritual healthcare JF - Mental Health, Religion & Culture JA - Mental Hlth., Religion & Culture M3 - 10.1080/13674676.2010.488439 A1 - Raffay,Julian VL - 13 IS - 6 PY - 2010/09// N2 - A systems approach to training staff in spiritual healthcare is advocated and six essential principles are suggested. Their underpinning theology is described and a relational approach to service users is advocated. Thirteen practical suggestions are subsequently offered and an outline of the training package is presented. This article is largely practical in its content and offers an approach that will hopefully be of benefit to anyone undertaking a similar project. SP - 605 EP - 614 SN - 1367-4676 UR - http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/13674676.2010.488439&magic=crossref||D404A21C5BB053405B1A640AFFD44AE3 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5579 T1 - The probable cause of civilization diseases and the structural limits of pleasure JF - Medical Hypotheses M3 - 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.04.048 A1 - Gracia,M.C. VL - 73 IS - 5 PY - 2009/11// N2 - Summary This article provides a theoretical basis and experimental evidence for the following rules: (1) All mental activities involving some level of intelligence ultimately follow the laws of operant conditioning and can exert a long-term control of behaviour only if they regularly provide the midbrain centres with the minimal set of neural rewards that these centres expect (2) Mental activity is always accompanied by a proportional amount of efferent-controlled physiological activity, which may be, for example, voluntary muscular work, but also internal, possibly surreptitious phenomena like inflammation, immune reactions, blood pressure increase, etc. These rules provide an explanation for most [`]civilization' diseases whose ultimate causes are currently unknown or uncontrollable, e.g. cardiovascular troubles, cancer, allergies, auto-immune disorders, non-congenital degenerative diseases, neural dysfunctions including Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, ALS or multiple sclerosis, emotional troubles including depression, cyclothymic/bipolar disorders, uncontrollable compulsions, etc. Potentially, this explanation also provides a cure for all these diseases as long as there is no accumulation of many of them because, for example, of very advanced age, and only if we are ready to adopt a philosophy of happiness based on moderation and appreciation of the value of life, dignity and empathy, instead of attempting an unlimited accumulation of pleasure, which does not seem neurologically viable. SP - 838 EP - 842 SN - 0306-9877 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.bu.edu/science/article/B6WN2-4WHH77G-1/2/30d9673ee368876963dc29cf8cfe4be8 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5582 T1 - Foundations for a Psychotherapy of Virtue: An Integrated Catholic Perspective. JF - Journal of Psychology & Christianity A1 - Moncher,Frank J. A1 - Titus,Craig Steven VL - 28 IS - 1 PY - 2009///Spring2009 N2 - This article discusses the possibility of founding a psychotherapy of virtue on a Roman Catholic anthropology and on an Aristotelian-Thomist virtue theory. We explore the common ground, the diversity, and the therapeutic pathways in a life of virtue. The common ground is rooted in the normativeness of human nature according to cognitive, volitional, emotional, and relational domains, where we find the basic virtue areas identified in the cardinal and theological virtues. The diversity is manifest at the level of human development in which associated virtue strengths and supporting practices are historically and culturally embedded. The therapeutic pathways revisit these levels with a goal of healing. It is argued that the therapeutic process must prioritize attention to emotional wounds to stabilize the foundation for growth in the capacity to become free and responsible agents. In addition, for clients who bring an intention to employ Christian spiritual resources, this psychotherapy concurrently seeks not only symptom reduction and the development of acquired virtue strengths and practices, but also the concomitant development of spiritual ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] KW - Anthropology KW - CATHOLICS KW - Christians KW - MENTAL illness -- Treatment KW - Psychiatry KW - Psychotherapy KW - spirituality KW - THERAPEUTICS KW - virtue SP - 22 EP - 35 SN - 07334273 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 5584 T1 - A mindfulness-based stress reduction workbook CY - Oakland, Calif. A1 - Stahl,Bob PB - New Harbinger Publications PY - 2010/// SN - 9781572247086 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5588 T1 - Yoga in Female Sexual Functions JF - Journal of Sexual Medicine M3 - 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01580.x A1 - Dhikav,Vikas A1 - Karmarkar,Girish A1 - Gupta,Richa A1 - Verma,Myank A1 - Gupta,Ruchi A1 - Gupta,Supriya A1 - Anand,Kuljeet S. VL - 7 IS - 2pt2 PY - 2010/02// N2 - After completion of a 12 week yoga camp, 40 participating women (m = 34.7) showed significantly improved scores on the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) compared to baseline. The improvement occurred in all six domains of FSFI (i.e., desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain). The improvement was more in older women (age > 45 years) compared with younger women (age < 45 years). SP - 964 EP - 970 SN - 17436095 UR - http://blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01580.x ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5589 T1 - Spirituality in nursing: a systematic review of the literature from 2006-10 JF - British Journal of Nursing (Mark Allen Publishing) JA - Br J Nurs A1 - Pike,Joanne VL - 20 IS - 12 PY - 2011/07/24/Jun -7 N2 - Spirituality in nursing care has been discussed for many years in the nursing press. There has been no literature review that explores only UK literature, and this article updates a literature review carried out in 2006 (Ross, 2006). Aim: The review was designed to investigate the current nursing evidence underpinning the concept of spirituality and its application. Method: A systematic review of the literature was undertaken and a thematic analysis performed following a search for literature using defined dates, databases and search terms. Results: Four major themes emerged from the literature: concept clarification; spiritual care-giving; religion and spirituality; and nurse education. Conclusion: Definitions of spiritual care vary, and the concept of spirituality in nursing is still under development. However, until a common language of spirituality is developed, models of spiritual care developed through research involving mainly nursing staff will be difficult for nurses to apply. SP - 743 EP - 749 SN - 0966-0461 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21727836 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 5602 T1 - Religion that heals, religion that harms: a guide for clinical practice CY - New York A1 - Griffith,James PB - Guilford Press PY - 2010/// SN - 9781606238899 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5609 T1 - Language and the (Im)possibilities of Articulating Spirituality JF - Journal of Holistic Nursing: Official Journal of the American Holistic Nurses' Association JA - J Holist Nurs M3 - 10.1177/0898010110381116 A1 - Bruce,Anne A1 - Sheilds,Laurene A1 - Molzahn,Anita VL - 29 IS - 1 PY - 2011/03// N2 - Despite growing interest in spiritual matters throughout society, definitions and descriptions of spirituality seem incomplete or otherwise unsatisfactory. In this article, the authors consider the possibility that such incompleteness is perhaps necessary and welcomed in addressing spirituality. In particular, they investigate the challenges of using metaphor and metonymic approaches to "languaging" spirituality. By exploring these figures of speech they hope to diversify how nurses articulate deeply personal and perhaps enigmatic human phenomena such as spirituality. Metaphoric language uses everyday structures to help make sense of complex, emotional, and abstract experience. Whereas metaphor creates substitutive relationships between things and provides insights into conceptualizing spirituality, metonymy and metonymic writing establish relationships of contiguity. Whereas metaphor functions to represent and facilitates understanding and feelings about spirituality, metonymy disrupts while opening possibilities of moving beyond binary thinking. Attending to language and its various ontological assumptions opens diverse and potentially more inclusive possibilities. SP - 44 EP - 52 SN - 1552-5724 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20841392 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5624 T1 - Improving training in spiritual care: a qualitative study exploring patient perceptions of professional educational requirements JF - Palliative Medicine JA - Palliat Med M3 - 10.1177/0269216309105726 A1 - Yardley,S J A1 - Walshe,C E A1 - Parr,A VL - 23 IS - 7 PY - 2009/10// N2 - Healthcare professionals express difficulties in delivering spiritual care, despite it being a core component of palliative care national policies. The patient perspective on professional training to address difficulties has not previously been sought. The aim of this study is to describe patient suggestions for development of training to deliver spiritual care. Qualitative semi-structured in-depth 'palliative patient' interviews (n = 20) were analysed thematically. Training suggestions encompassed practical care delivery. Patients supported staff who introduced questions about spiritual needs, and they expected opportunities to engage in spiritual care discussions. The 'right' attitude for spiritual care delivery was defined as being non-judgemental, providing integrated care and showing interest in individuals. Training issues included patient perspectives of boundaries between personal and professional roles. This study provides 'palliative patient' perspectives to strengthen recommended models of spiritual care delivery. It shows that user opinions on training can be helpful not only in deciding objectives but also how to achieve them. SP - 601 EP - 607 SN - 1477-030X UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19443521 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5635 T1 - Spirituality, religion, and clinical care JF - Chest JA - Chest M3 - 10.1378/chest.08-2241 A1 - Sulmasy,Daniel P VL - 135 IS - 6 PY - 2009/06// N2 - Interest in the relationship between spirituality, religion, and clinical care has increased in the last 15 years, but clinicians need more concrete guidance about this topic. This article defines spirituality and religion, identifies the fundamental spiritual issues that serious illness raises for patients, and argues that physicians have a moral obligation to address patients' spiritual concerns. Religions often provide patients with specific moral guidance about a variety of medical issues and prescribe rituals that are important to patients. Religious coping can be both positive and negative, and it can impact patient care. This article provides concrete advice about taking a spiritual history, ethical boundaries, whether to pray with patients, and when to refer patients to chaplains or to their own personal clergy. KW - Attitude of Health Personnel KW - Delivery of Health Care KW - Female KW - Forecasting KW - Holistic Health KW - Humans KW - Male KW - NEEDS assessment KW - Physician-Patient Relations KW - Religion and Medicine KW - spirituality KW - Total Quality Management KW - United States SP - 1634 EP - 1642 SN - 1931-3543 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5639 T1 - The three main monotheistic religions and GM food technology: an overview of perspectives JF - BMC International Health and Human Rights JA - BMC Int Health Hum Rights M3 - 10.1186/1472-698X-9-18 A1 - Omobowale,Emmanuel B A1 - Singer,Peter A A1 - Daar,Abdallah S VL - 9 PY - 2009/// N2 - ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Public acceptance of genetically modified crops is partly rooted in religious views. However, the views of different religions and their potential influence on consumers' decisions have not been systematically examined and summarized in a brief overview. We review the positions of the Judaism, Islam and Christianity - the three major monotheistic religions to which more than 55% of humanity adheres to - on the controversies aroused by GM technology. DISCUSSION: The article establishes that there is no overarching consensus within the three religions. Overall, however, it appears that mainstream theology in all three religions increasingly tends towards acceptance of GM technology per se, on performing GM research, and on consumption of GM foods. These more liberal approaches, however, are predicated on there being rigorous scientific, ethical and regulatory scrutiny of research and development of such products, and that these products are properly labeled. SUMMARY: We conclude that there are several other interests competing with the influence exerted on consumers by religion. These include the media, environmental activists, scientists and the food industry, all of which function as sources of information and shapers of perception for consumers. SP - 18 EP - 18 SN - 1472-698X UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19698118 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5647 T1 - The role and impact of personal faith and religion among genetic service providers JF - American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part C, Seminars in Medical Genetics JA - Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet M3 - 10.1002/ajmg.c.30193 A1 - Geller,Gail A1 - Micco,Ellyn A1 - Silver,Rachel J A1 - Kolodner,Ken A1 - Bernhardt,Barbara A VL - 151C IS - 1 PY - 2009/02/15/ N2 - This paper describes the impact of genetic service providers' personal faith and religious values on their experiences interacting with colleagues and patients. We surveyed 480 clinical geneticists (MDs), genetic counselors (GCs), and genetic nurses randomly selected from their professional associations, and then interviewed a sample of survey respondents. Outcomes included religiosity, coping with distress through spiritual beliefs, and personal value conflicts (PVCs). Two hundred fourteen providers completed the survey out of an estimated 348 eligible (61% response rate). Importance attributed to regular attendance at religious services ranged from 39% (not at all important) to 27% (very important). Reliance on religion and spiritual beliefs as a source of comfort ranged from 48% (never) to 33% (sometimes or often). Religiosity varied by discipline with 58% of nurses thinking regular attendance at religious services was moderately or very important as compared to 47% of GCs and 30% of MDs (P = 0.006). Ten percent of respondents had difficulty reconciling their own faith with being a genetics professional, 14% felt the need to hide their own faith from their colleagues or patients, 7% thought their professional stance was not consistent with their personal values, and 4% felt ostracized by the genetics community because of their personal beliefs. The experience of such PVCs was positively correlated with religiosity (r = 0.35; P < 0.0001). GCs were more likely to experience PVCs than MDs or nurses (P = 0.013). Data from the interviews (N = 54) support these findings. A significant minority of genetic service providers are religiously observant and rely on their religious values to cope with distress. These individuals often experience difficulty reconciling their religious beliefs with the expectations of their profession, and sharing their beliefs with their colleagues and patients. Efforts should be made to prevent or reduce the secrecy surrounding personal faith and religion among genetics professionals. KW - Genetics, Medical KW - Humans KW - religion SP - 31 EP - 40 SN - 1552-4876 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5650 T1 - Ethics of the Spirit: Comparing Ethical Views and Usages of Spiritually Influenced Interventions JF - Australian Social Work M3 - 10.1080/03124070902964640 A1 - Rice,Sue A1 - McAuliffe,Donna VL - 62 IS - 3 PY - 2009/09// N2 - Social work practice takes many different forms, depending on purpose and context. An increased diversity in fields and methods of practice has driven the need to explore the intersection between acceptable standards of practice and issues pertaining to religion and spirituality. This discussion utilises the opportunity to co-report on the findings of a selection of similar questions gathered from two independent online survey studies, conducted one year apart, with members of the Australian Association of Social Workers. One study explored attitudes and behaviours about ethical conduct, and the other investigated the role of religion and spirituality in social work practice. Findings from the questions in common, about the acceptability and practice of spiritually-influenced forms of intervention, are presented. These indicate a degree of acceptance, conditional acceptance, and usage for some interventions, and clear non-acceptance and non-usage of others. Implications for ethical thinking in practice, education, and research are explored. SP - 403 EP - 420 SN - 0312-407X UR - http://www.informaworld.com.ezproxy.bu.edu/10.1080/03124070902964640 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5655 T1 - Mapping a message for faith leaders: encouraging community health promotion with local health data JF - Health Promotion Practice JA - Health Promot Pract M3 - 10.1177/1524839908328995 A1 - Kruger,Daniel J A1 - Lewis,Yvonne A1 - Schlemmer,Erin VL - 11 IS - 6 PY - 2010/11// N2 - This study reports the use of a community-based health survey to share local health information with faith leaders. Geographical information systems software identified survey respondents within 2 km (1.25 miles) of places of worship. Results were tabulated for the community surrounding each place of worship and were compared with city- and county-level data. Faith leaders were presented with community-specific reports describing the health attributes of residents who lived in the surrounding area, in order to assist with the identification issues of concern and opportunities to develop health ministries to address these issues. Faith leaders were encouraged to share this information with members of their faith community and develop means of obtaining additional information on the people of interest. We believe that engaging faith leaders with neighborhood-specific health information will be critical in providing an understanding of the importance of their voice in improving health outcomes of their faith community, the surrounding neighborhood, and the community at large. Our goal is to empower faith leaders to understand personal and community health issues and to act as a conduit for health-related information and health promotion at a local level. Church health teams developed an HIV and sexually transmitted infection prevention program for African American adolescents and young adults. SP - 837 EP - 844 SN - 1524-8399 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5657 T1 - Colostomy irrigation: an important issue for Muslim individuals JF - Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention: APJCP JA - Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev A1 - Karadag,Ayise A1 - Baykara,Zehra Göçmen VL - 10 IS - 6 PY - 2009/// N2 - Colostomy irrigation (CI) is a bowel management method in individuals with permanent colostomy, as an alternative to pouch use, which may provide continence. CI helps the individuals with an artificial stoma to adjust to the stoma and may increase their quality of life (QOL). An uncontrolled intestinal gas discharge invalidates ablution, and noisy gas discharge and smell prevents congregational prayers, which cause problems to Muslims with stomas. Therefore, CI may be an appropriate solution for this patient group. Using the example of one affected individual we discuss how the praying problem can be resolved with teaching to self-perform CI and emphasize the beneficial effects on QOL. KW - Adult KW - Colostomy KW - Fecal Incontinence KW - Flatulence KW - Humans KW - ISLAM KW - Male KW - Quality of Life KW - Therapeutic Irrigation SP - 1189 EP - 1190 SN - 1513-7368 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20192609 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5659 T1 - "And let us make us a name": reflections on the future of the religion and health field JF - Journal of Religion and Health JA - J Relig Health M3 - 10.1007/s10943-009-9243-0 A1 - Levin,Jeff VL - 48 IS - 2 PY - 2009/06// N2 - After years of marginality, research on religion and health is entering the academic mainstream. Scholarship on this topic has evolved into a large, productive field. As in any emerging field, there are competing visions for what the field should be about and what research questions should be pursued. Different opinions exist as to which constructs should be researched. Words like religion, spirituality, faith, and prayer, and health, healing, medicine, and healthcare, imply different things. The study of their various interconnections can thus take myriad forms. This article argues for a welcoming approach open to the widest range of research subjects. KW - Faith Healing KW - Forecasting KW - Humans KW - Religion and Medicine KW - Research KW - spirituality KW - Theology SP - 125 EP - 145 SN - 1573-6571 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5665 T1 - Spiritual calling JF - Nursing Standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain): 1987) JA - Nurs Stand A1 - Myers,Joan VL - 23 IS - 40 PY - 2009/06/10/16 N2 - The idea that patients' spiritual needs should be incorporated into nursing care is supported by literature and policy. KW - Nursing KW - spirituality KW - United States SP - 22 EP - 22 SN - 0029-6570 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5675 T1 - Curriculum for a Spiritual Pathway Project: integrating research methodology into pastoral care training JF - Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy JA - J Health Care Chaplain M3 - 10.1080/08854720903451030 A1 - Derrickson,Paul A1 - Van Hise,Angelina VL - 16 IS - 1-2 PY - 2009/// N1 -This article outlines the curriculum developed at Penn State Hershey Medical Center's Clinical Pastoral Education Residency program for training future hospital chaplains to practice evidence based spiritual care, to complement the evidence based approaches carried out by the rest of the medical profession.
N2 - In the immediate future Chaplains will need to practice evidence based spiritual care. To do this, they will need to be well versed in the research literature on spirituality and health, be able to critique it and incorporate it into their spiritual care, document their intervention, and measure its impact. To help train Chaplains for this reality, the Penn State Hershey Medical Center's Clinical Pastoral Education Residency program started the Spiritual Pathway Project in 2002. This paper describes the Spiritual Pathway Project, its evolution and contribution to the education of the next generation of Chaplains. KW - Chaplaincy Service, Hospital KW - Curriculum KW - Outcome Assessment (Health Care) KW - Pastoral Care KW - Pennsylvania KW - Program Evaluation KW - Research SP - 3 EP - 12 SN - 1528-6916 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5681 T1 - Spirituality and the Process of Healing: A Narrative Study JF - International Journal for the Psychology of Religion M3 - 10.1080/10508610903143248 A1 - Gockel,Annemarie VL - 19 IS - 4 PY - 2009/// N2 - To respond to calls for qualitative research to compliment quantitative findings, deepen our understanding of spiritual coping, and build theory (Hood & Belzen, 2005; Miller & Kelley, 2005; Pargament, Ano, & Wachholtz, 2005), this pilot study used a narrative method to examine the experience of 12 participants who self-identified as drawing on spirituality for healing. Participants described a 7-step process characterized by (a) openness, (b) shifting to a spiritual perspective, (c) going within, (d) connecting with the sacred, (e) undoing patterns, (f) setting healing intentions, and (g) following their inner guidance to transform experiences of mental and physical illness into experiences of healing. Participants emphasized the role of spirituality in reconstructing positive meanings in the face of crisis, and deconstructing patterns of thought, feeling, behavior, and experience associated with illness. SP - 217 EP - 230 SN - 1050-8619 UR - http://www.informaworld.com.ezproxy.bu.edu/10.1080/10508610903143248 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5689 T1 - The Lack of Teaching/Study of Religiosity/Spirituality in Psychology Degree Courses in Brazil: The Need for Reflection JF - Journal of Religion and Health JA - J Relig Health M3 - 10.1007/s10943-009-9255-9 A1 - Costa,Waldeciria A1 - Nogueira,Conceição A1 - Freire,Teresa VL - 49 IS - 3 PY - 2010/06// N2 - This study investigated the existence/non-existence of subjects on the theme of religion/spirituality, in psychology degree courses in Brazil. Data were collected from university websites and through e-mail. The data include 301 (84.6%) of all existing courses; the subject of religiosity/spirituality is incorporated into 13% of public institutions and in 16% of private institutions; 84% of the courses do not have this subject incorporated into their curricula. Actually, few programs provide formal training in religion/spirituality. We present the definition of some terms, conclusions from publications within the theme of religion/spirituality, and a brief background on the place that religion holds in the culture of the Brazilians. SP - 322 EP - 332 SN - 0022-4197 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5709 T1 - The Campaign Against CAM and the Notion of "Evidence-Based" JF - Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.) JA - J Altern Complement Med M3 - 10.1089/acm.2009.0423 A1 - Walach,Harald VL - 15 IS - 10 PY - 2009/10// N2 - Since quite some time, at least in the United Kingdom, a campaign against complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments and training courses has been happening. Given some prominence in the media, this campaign seems to aim at having CAM courses scrutinized, CAM treatments taken off reimbursement schemes, and brandishing doctors and academics dealing with CAM as quacks. The buzzword used is "evidence-based," with the presupposition that, while conventional medicine is "evidence-based," CAM is not. It is worthwhile to examine the notion of "evidence" used in this discussion. I argue that it is a rather unwholesome type of evidence that is referred to here, namely only the difference between an active treatment and a sham treatment. For several reasons this is too restricted and not sound, as it creates several paradoxes, for instance the efficacy paradox. This consists in what is now empirically documented, whereas a CAM placebo can be actually more effective than a conventional, supposedly evidence-based, treatment. This shows that the discussion is really about something completely different: CAM has become a real player in the health services field, threatening revenues of the pharmaceutical industry. Taken together with a series of events this suggests that this campaign is carefully staged. It requires that we take the question of what "evidence" means to the heart of the methodological discussion, also for the sake of a broader, more wholesome notion of what counts as evidence. It also requires that we keep producing good data with a broad enough outlook comparing CAM treatments with conventional ones, and not just with placebo. SP - 1139 EP - 1142 SN - 1557-7708 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19848550 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5711 T1 - Healing during existential moments: the "art" of nursing presence JF - The Nursing Clinics of North America JA - Nurs. Clin. North Am M3 - 10.1016/j.cnur.2009.07.001 A1 - Iseminger,Karen A1 - Levitt,Francesca A1 - Kirk,Lisa VL - 44 IS - 4 PY - 2009/12// N2 - This article addresses nursing presence, a phenomenon essential to holistic nursing care. The concept is introduced and explained, supporting background information is reviewed, barriers are identified, and successful applications are illustrated in different clinical settings. Avowing that metaphysical knowledge is the underpinning to the art of nursing presence, a Transformative Nursing Presence Model is offered as a distinctive framework for nurses and organizations interested in fostering enhanced nursing presence. KW - Adult KW - Art KW - Attitude of Health Personnel KW - Caregivers KW - Cooperative Behavior KW - Empathy KW - existentialism KW - Female KW - Holistic Health KW - Humans KW - Knowledge KW - Metaphysics KW - Models, Nursing KW - Nurse-Patient Relations KW - Nurse's Role KW - Patient Advocacy KW - Philosophy, Nursing KW - Pregnancy KW - spirituality SP - 447 EP - 459 SN - 1558-1357 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19850181 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5712 T1 - Religion and Spirituality: A Barrier and a Bridge in the Everyday Professional Work of Pediatric Physicians JF - Social Problems M3 - 10.1525/sp.2009.56.4.702 A1 - Cadge,W A1 - Ecklund,EH A1 - Short,N VL - 56 IS - 4 PY - 2009/11// N2 - We investigate how 30 pediatricians and pediatric oncologists who practice and teach at elite medical centers determine whether religion and spirituality are relevant to what Andrew Abbot (1988) calls their professional "jurisdictions." Through in-depth interviews we focus on their everyday interactions with patients and families. We ask: (1) How do they gather information about religion and spirituality and determine when that information is relevant to their professional work? (2) Do they perceive religion and spirituality to be a barrier or a bridge to medical care as they do what Thomas Gieryn (1983) calls "boundary work"? We find that pediatric oncologists more than pediatricians see religion and spirituality as relevant to their professional work, though still largely outside their professional jurisdiction. It is most relevant when families are making medical decisions and in end of life situations. Physicians tend to view religion and spirituality functionally, describing impermeable boundaries in medical decision making situations and more permeable boundaries at the end of life. Physicians view religion and spirituality as a barrier when it impedes medical recommendations and as a bridge when it helps families answer questions medicine inherently cannot. Such findings have implications for a wide range of professionals as they negotiate their jurisdictions, particularly around religion and spirituality, in everyday practice. SP - 702 EP - 721 SN - 0037-7791 UR - http://apps.isiknowledge.com.ezproxy.bu.edu/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=1&SID=3ANFje6OGleF8pmPA3l&page=1&doc=15 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5713 T1 - Comparison of body dissatisfaction and cosmetic rhinoplasty with levels of veil practicing in Islamic women JF - The International Journal of Eating Disorders JA - Int J Eat Disord M3 - 10.1002/eat.20613 A1 - Rastmanesh,Reza A1 - Gluck,Marci E A1 - Shadman,Zhaleh VL - 42 IS - 4 PY - 2009/05// N2 - OBJECTIVE The relationship between Islamic veiling, body dissatisfaction, and desire for cosmetic rhinoplasty (CR) has not been studied. We therefore compared body dissatisfaction (BD), depression, self-esteem, and prevalence and desire to have CR in 1,771 Iranian females. METHOD A battery of questionnaires was administered and participants were categorized into three groups of Islamic veil practicing: voluntarily and ideologically (IVP), non-complete (NCIVP), and Inconsiderate (IIVP). RESULTS Despite a similar BMI, the IVP group scored significantly lower on BD, prevalence of dieting and exercising in order to be sexually appealing, and depression, higher on self-esteem, and had a lower desire for a CR than the two other groups. Prevalence of CR was significantly higher in the IIVP group than the other groups. DISCUSSION Women who practiced more strict Islamic veiling techniques had increased body satisfaction and self esteem, and decreased depression scores and desire for CR. Consistent with other studies, our findings show that observance of a strict religious practice has a protective effect on psychological health. KW - Adult KW - Analysis of Variance KW - BODY image KW - Body Mass Index KW - Clothing KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - depression KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Iran KW - ISLAM KW - Patient Satisfaction KW - Prevalence KW - Rhinoplasty KW - Self Concept KW - WOMEN SP - 339 EP - 345 SN - 1098-108X UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19115373 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5725 T1 - The State of Research on Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Pediatric Rheumatology JF - Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America M3 - 10.1016/j.rdc.2010.11.011 A1 - April,Karine Toupin A1 - Walji,Rishma VL - 37 IS - 1 PY - 2011/02// N2 - This article reviews available evidence on complementary and alternative medicine in pediatric rheumatology. Despite its common use in pediatric rheumatology (34%–92%), there is still uncertainty as to its efficacy and safety. Although results are promising for some treatments such as massage, acupuncture, mind-body interventions (eg, guided imagery and meditative breathing), and some natural health products (eg, calcium supplements and Tripterygium wilfordii), there is a need for high-quality trials investigating the long-term effects and underlying mechanisms of these therapies as well as research on their use in this population of patients. KW - complementary and alternative medicine KW - Juvenile idiopathic arthritis KW - Pediatric rheumatology SP - 85 EP - 94 SN - 0889-857X ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5734 T1 - Creating a spiritual tapestry: nurses' experiences of delivering spiritual care to patients in an Irish hospice JF - International Journal of Palliative Nursing JA - Int J Palliat Nurs A1 - Bailey,Maria E A1 - Moran,Sue A1 - Graham,Margaret M VL - 15 IS - 1 PY - 2009/01// N2 - This study aims to describe nurses' experiences of delivering spiritual support in a palliative care setting in the Republic of Ireland. The authors conducted semi-structured interviews with 22 nurses working in the area of specialist palliative care. A content analysis of the transcriptions revealed five sub-themes: understanding spirituality; the art of nursing in spiritual care; education and learning; the challenge of spiritual caring; and the dimensions of time. The resulting creation of a spiritual tapestry provided an overall theme. Nurses in this study were spiritually self-aware and placed a high value on the spiritual element of their caring role. Nurses described their individual understanding of spirituality and discussed how they recognized and addressed a patient's spiritual needs. Time was described as essential to the provision of spiritual support and appeared to be a significant resource challenge to the provision of spiritual care. The challenges of assessing spiritual needs and measuring outcomes of care were also reported. Participants in this study described the creation of a spiritual tapestry that 'weaves' together care and compassion with skills and knowledge in their nursing practice. KW - Attitude of Health Personnel KW - Awareness KW - Empathy KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Holistic Health KW - Hospice Care KW - Humans KW - Ireland KW - Models, Nursing KW - Models, Psychological KW - Nurse-Patient Relations KW - Nurse's Role KW - Nursing Assessment KW - Nursing Methodology Research KW - Nursing Staff KW - Pastoral Care KW - Qualitative Research KW - Questionnaires KW - Self Efficacy KW - spirituality KW - Time Factors SP - 42 EP - 48 SN - 1357-6321 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5763 T1 - The effect of spiritual retreat on nurses' spirituality: a randomized controlled study JF - Holistic Nursing Practice JA - Holist Nurs Pract M3 - 10.1097/HNP.0b013e3181dd47dd A1 - Bay,Paul S A1 - Ivy,Steven S A1 - Terry,Colin L VL - 24 IS - 3 PY - 2010/06//May-undefined N2 - This study tested whether two 1-day retreats focused on spiritual self-care would positively change nurse participants' spirituality. A total of 199 critical care nurses were accepted into this study; 87 were randomized to receive the retreat intervention. All 199 nurses were tested preretreat, 1 month and 6 months postretreat. Retreat participants demonstrated increased spirituality. SP - 125 EP - 133 SN - 1550-5138 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5776 T1 - A theory of alpha/theta neurofeedback, creative performance enhancement, long distance functional connectivity and psychological integration JF - Cognitive Processing JA - Cogn Process M3 - 10.1007/s10339-008-0248-5 A1 - Gruzelier,John VL - 10 Suppl 1 PY - 2009/02// N2 - Professionally significant enhancement of music and dance performance and mood has followed training with an EEG-neurofeedback protocol which increases the ratio of theta to alpha waves using auditory feedback with eyes closed. While originally the protocol was designed to induce hypnogogia, a state historically associated with creativity, the outcome was psychological integration, while subsequent applications focusing on raising the theta-alpha ratio, reduced depression and anxiety in alcoholism and resolved post traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD). In optimal performance studies we confirmed associations with creativity in musical performance, but effects also included technique and communication. We extended efficacy to dance and social anxiety. Diversity of outcome has a counterpart in wide ranging associations between theta oscillations and behaviour in cognitive and affective neuroscience: in animals with sensory-motor activity in exploration, effort, working memory, learning, retention and REM sleep; in man with meditative concentration, reduced anxiety and sympathetic autonomic activation, as well as task demands in virtual spatial navigation, focussed and sustained attention, working and recognition memory, and having implications for synaptic plasticity and long term potentiation. Neuroanatomical circuitry involves the ascending mescencephalic-cortical arousal system, and limbic circuits subserving cognitive as well as affective/motivational functions. Working memory and meditative bliss, representing cognitive and affective domains, respectively, involve coupling between frontal and posterior cortices, exemplify a role for theta and alpha waves in mediating the interaction between distal and widely distributed connections. It is posited that this mediation in part underpins the integrational attributes of alpha-theta training in optimal performance and psychotherapy, creative associations in hypnogogia, and enhancement of technical, communication and artistic domains of performance in the arts. KW - Alpha Rhythm KW - Animals KW - Biofeedback, Psychology KW - Brain KW - Cognition KW - Creativeness KW - Electroencephalography KW - Humans KW - Psychomotor Performance KW - Theta Rhythm SP - S101-109 EP - S101-109 SN - 1612-4790 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19082646 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5780 T1 - An investigation into the role of spirituality in nursing JF - British Journal of Nursing JA - Br J Nurs A1 - Ellis,Hannah Kate A1 - Narayanasamy,Aru VL - 18 IS - 14 PY - 2009/07// N2 - This article examines spirituality in nursing in terms of a critical literature review. The literature suggests that there is an increasing demand for holistic care within the NHS. Holistic care is based on the idea that there should be a balance between body, mind and spirit, however, clinical experience suggests that the spiritual dimension of nursing is rarely considered as there is a focus on what is perceived as scientific professionalism. The aim of this article is to explore the nature of spiritual care, discuss whether there is a need for it in nursing and explore ways in which nurses can provide it. This article is based on a critical review of the literature and empirical data on spirituality in nursing and identifies contrasting opinions around the definition of spiritual nursing care. Nurses can provide spiritual care by being conscious of their own spirituality as well as that of patients. SP - 886 EP - 890 SN - 0966-0461 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 5789 T1 - Theological Analyses of the Clinical Encounter T3 - Theology and Medicine ED - McKenny,G.P. ED - Sande,J.R. PB - Springer PY - 2010/12/09/ SN - 904814292X ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5812 T1 - Subjective Sleep Quality and hormonal modulation in long-term yoga practitioners JF - Biological Psychology JA - Biol Psychol M3 - 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.03.008 A1 - Vera,Francisca M A1 - Manzaneque,Juan M A1 - Maldonado,Enrique F A1 - Carranque,Gabriel A A1 - Rodriguez,Francisco M A1 - Blanca,Maria J A1 - Morell,Miguel VL - 81 IS - 3 PY - 2009/07// N2 - Yoga represents a fascinating mind-body approach, wherein body movements (asana), breathing exercises (pranayama) and meditation are integrated into a single multidimensional practice. Numerous beneficial mental and physical effects have been classically ascribed to this holistic ancient method. The purpose of the present study has been to examine the effects of long-term yoga practice on Subjective Sleep Quality (SSQ) and on several hormonal parameters of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Twenty-six subjects (16 experimental and 10 controls) were recruited to be part of the study. Experimental subjects were regular yoga practitioners with a minimum of 3 years of practice. Blood samples for the quantification of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S) were drawn from all subjects. Likewise, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was employed to assess SSQ. As statistical analysis, Mann-Whitney U-test was performed. The yoga group displayed lower PSQI scores and higher blood cortisol levels than control subjects. Therefore, it can be concluded that long-term yoga practice is associated with significant psycho-biological differences, including better sleep quality as well as a modulatory action on the levels of cortisol. These preliminary results suggest interesting clinical implications which should be further researched. KW - Adrenocorticotropic Hormone KW - Adult KW - Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate KW - Female KW - Hormones KW - Humans KW - Hydrocortisone KW - Immunoassay KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Questionnaires KW - Sleep KW - Statistics, Nonparametric KW - yoga SP - 164 EP - 168 SN - 1873-6246 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5818 T1 - Christianity, health, and genetics JF - American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part C, Seminars in Medical Genetics JA - Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet M3 - 10.1002/ajmg.c.30199 A1 - Smith,David H VL - 151C IS - 1 PY - 2009/02/15/ N2 - Health is an intrinsic value that Christians should respect, but it is not the highest value. Christians should be willing to jeopardize their own health for the health of others, and should repudiate any idea that genetic problems are the result of sin. Rather, sin leads us to make genetic problems harder to live with than they should be. KW - Christianity KW - Genetics, Medical KW - Health Status KW - Humans SP - 77 EP - 80 SN - 1552-4876 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5821 T1 - Prayers in the clinic: how pediatric physicians respond JF - Southern Medical Journal JA - South. Med. J M3 - 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e3181bfac71 A1 - Cadge,Wendy A1 - Ecklund,Elaine Howard VL - 102 IS - 12 PY - 2009/12// N2 - BACKGROUND: Physicians and researchers have recently paid increased attention to prayer in physician-patient interactions. Research focuses more on attitudinal questions about whether physicians and/or patients think prayer is relevant than on actual data about when and how prayer comes up in the clinic and how physicians respond. We focus on pediatric physicians to investigate: 1) how prayer enters clinical contexts and 2) how physicians respond. METHODS: We examined in-depth interviews with 30 academic pediatricians and pediatric oncologists. All of these physicians were employed by the most highly ranked hospitals according to US News and World Report. RESULTS: In close to 100% of cases when the subject of prayer came up in clinical contexts, it was patients and families who raised it. Patients and families mostly talked about prayer in response to a seriously ill or dying child. When it was raised, pediatric physicians responded to prayer by participating; accommodating but not participating; reframing; and directing families to other resources. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians wanted to respect patients and families around the topic of prayer. They negotiated between patient/family requests, the specific situation, and their own comfort levels to respond in one of four ways. Their four responses allowed researchers to generate hypotheses about the independent variables that influence how pediatric physicians respond to prayer. Asking how prayer actually came up in clinical situations rather than how patients and/or physicians thought it should be raised, better informs ongoing conversations about the significance of prayer in physician-patient interactions. SP - 1218 EP - 1221 SN - 1541-8243 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/20016427 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5823 T1 - Zen practice: a training method to enhance the skills of clinical social workers JF - Social Work in Health Care JA - Soc Work Health Care M3 - 10.1080/00981380802589860 A1 - Brenner,Mark J VL - 48 IS - 4 PY - 2009/06//May-undefined N2 - The use of Zen Buddhist meditation in clinical practice has received specific attention from mental health disciplines in the West. A study was undertaken to examine the influence of a personal practice of Zen on the professional work of clinical social workers. Ten experienced clinical social workers who were long-term Zen practitioners were interviewed. Findings from this qualitative study suggest that Zen meditation has direct application to clinical social work in three areas: (1) cultivating Awareness, (2) enhancing Acceptance, and (3) nurturing Responsibility. This article reports on the findings in the area of Awareness. Awareness increases a social worker's focus on the present moment with the client, providing for a suspension of preconceived ideas about the client. Building on the view that social work is both art and science, the author proposes the use of Zen in the training of clinical social workers. KW - Adult KW - Awareness KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Interviews as Topic KW - Male KW - Meditation KW - Middle Aged KW - Professional Competence KW - Professional-Patient Relations KW - Social Work SP - 462 EP - 470 SN - 0098-1389 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5824 T1 - The provision of spiritual care by registered nurses on a maternal-infant unit JF - Journal of Holistic Nursing: Official Journal of the American Holistic Nurses' Association JA - J Holist Nurs M3 - 10.1177/0898010108323305 A1 - Dunn,Linda L A1 - Handley,Marilyn C A1 - Dunkin,Jeri W VL - 27 IS - 1 PY - 2009/03// N2 - PURPOSE: This study explores the spirituality, spiritual well-being (SWB), and spiritual care provision of registered nurses on a maternal-infant unit. METHODS: Data collection instruments included a demographic and spiritual care form, Spiritual Perspective Scale (SPS), and Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) to address the study's research questions. FINDINGS: Significant positive correlations were found between SPS and SWBS as well as religious well-being (RWB) and existential well-being (EWB; subscales of SWBS). Religious attendance was significantly correlated with SPS, SWBS, and RWB but not EWB. Frequency of spiritual assessment themes was first encounter and when needed, whereas reaching up and reaching out described their provision of spiritual care. CONCLUSION: The sample was highly spiritual, spiritually well, and provided varied spiritual care. IMPLICATIONS: More spiritual care research is needed. Content on providing spiritual care must be enhanced within nursing curricula as well as with nurses in practice. KW - Adult KW - Data Collection KW - Female KW - Holistic Health KW - Holistic Nursing KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Intensive Care Units, Neonatal KW - Maternal-Child Health Centers KW - Middle Aged KW - Models, Nursing KW - Nurse-Patient Relations KW - Nurse's Role KW - Nursing Methodology Research KW - Pediatric Nursing KW - Questionnaires KW - Religion and Medicine KW - spirituality SP - 19-28; quiz 31-33 EP - 19-28; quiz 31-33 SN - 0898-0101 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5825 T1 - Are surveys on quality improvement of healthcare chaplaincy emotionally distressing for patients? A pilot study JF - Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy JA - J Health Care Chaplain M3 - 10.1080/08854726.2010.480829 A1 - Winter-Pfändler,Urs A1 - Morgenthaler,Christoph VL - 16 IS - 3 PY - 2010/07// N1 -This study aims to encourage research by healthcare chaplains into improving healthcare chaplaincy by demonstrating the fallacy of the common assumption that participating in such research with prove distressing to patients.
N2 - In recent years, much research work has been done in the field of religion/spirituality and healthcare. Many chaplains are wary of doing research because they assume it is cumbersome or potentially deleterious to ill patients. The aim of the present pilot study is, therefore, to find out if research on quality improvement of healthcare chaplaincy is emotionally distressing for patients. In connection with a questionnaire about quality improvement proceeding of healthcare chaplaincy, patients were asked subsequently to assess whether the completion of the questionnaire was emotionally distressing for them. A total of 91.89% of the 37 respondents said that the completion of the questionnaire was not or only slightly emotionally distressing for them. Furthermore, analyses for significant differences showed no effect, except for a significant association with the anxiety scale. Findings from this study suggest that participants found no objective reasons not to do research in healthcare chaplaincy. SP - 140 EP - 148 SN - 1528-6916 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5826 T1 - The patient as person in an increasingly gene-centric universe: how healthcare professionals should think about genomics and evolution JF - American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part C, Seminars in Medical Genetics JA - Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet M3 - 10.1002/ajmg.c.30198 A1 - Jackson,Timothy P VL - 151C IS - 1 PY - 2009/02/15/ N2 - In the past, the primary threat to the patient as person was a medical utilitarianism that would sacrifice the individual for the collective, that would coercively (ab)use a person for the sake of an in-group's health or happiness. Today, the threat is not only from vainglorious social groups but also from valorized genes and genomes. An over-valuation of genes risks making persons seem epiphenomenal. A central thesis of this article is that religious healthcare professionals have unique resources to combat this. KW - Biological Evolution KW - Genomics KW - Humans KW - Physician-Patient Relations SP - 89 EP - 94 SN - 1552-4876 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5833 T1 - Alternative approaches to epilepsy treatment JF - Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports JA - Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep A1 - McElroy-Cox,Caitlin VL - 9 IS - 4 PY - 2009/07// N2 - Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is a diverse group of health care practices and products that fall outside the realm of traditional Western medical theory and practice and that are used to complement or replace conventional medical therapies. The use of CAM has increased over the past two decades, and surveys have shown that up to 44% of patients with epilepsy are using some form of CAM treatment. This article reviews the CAM modalities of meditation, yoga, relaxation techniques, biofeedback, nutritional and herbal supplements, dietary measures, chiropractic care, acupuncture, Reiki, and homeopathy and what is known about their potential efficacy in patients with epilepsy. KW - Acupuncture KW - Animals KW - Biofeedback (Psychology) KW - Complementary Therapies KW - Epilepsy KW - Fatty Acids, Omega-3 KW - Homeopathy KW - Humans KW - Ketogenic Diet KW - Mind-Body Therapies KW - Phytotherapy KW - Relaxation Therapy KW - Therapeutic Touch KW - yoga SP - 313 EP - 318 SN - 1534-6293 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5840 T1 - Prescribing Yoga JF - Primary Care JA - Prim Care M3 - 10.1016/j.pop.2009.09.009 A1 - Hayes,Meg A1 - Chase,Sam VL - 37 IS - 1 PY - 2010/03// N2 - More than 15.8 million people in the United States now practice some form of yoga, and nearly half of current practitioners stated they began yoga practice as a means of improving overall health. More broadly understood in a modern context, yoga is a set of principles and practices designed to promote health and well-being through the integration of body, breath, and mind. This article outlines the history of yoga and describes several forms, including asana-based yoga, which is becoming popular in the United States. Research findings related to use of yoga as a therapy for various health problems are reviewed. Guidelines for finding a yoga teacher are offered, as are a number of book and Internet sources of further information. SP - 31 EP - 47 SN - 1558-299X ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5841 T1 - Nursing, religiosity, and end-of-life care: interconnections and implications JF - The Nursing Clinics of North America JA - Nurs. Clin. North Am M3 - 10.1016/j.cnur.2009.07.010 A1 - Bjarnason,Dana VL - 44 IS - 4 PY - 2009/12// N1 -The influence of religious beliefs and practices at the end of life is underinvestigated. Given nursing’s advocacy role and the intimate and personal nature of the dimensions of religiosity and the end of life, exploring the multidimensional interplay of religiosity and end-of-life care is a significant aspect of the nurse-patient relationship and must be better understood.
N2 - The influence of religious beliefs and practices at the end of life is underinvestigated. Given nursing's advocacy role and the intimate and personal nature of the dimensions of religiosity and the end of life, exploring the multidimensional interplay of religiosity and end-of-life care is a significant aspect of the nurse-patient relationship and must be better understood. The question that must be faced is whether nurses' own belief systems impinge on or influence patient care, especially for patients who are at the end of life. When nurses understand their own beliefs and respect the religious practices and needs of patients and their families, it deepens the humanistic dimensions of the nurse-patient relationship. KW - Attitude of Health Personnel KW - Attitude to Death KW - Attitude to Health KW - Conflict (Psychology) KW - Cultural Diversity KW - Decision Making KW - Dissent and Disputes KW - Humanism KW - Humans KW - Nurse-Patient Relations KW - Nurse's Role KW - Patient Advocacy KW - Philosophy, Nursing KW - Religion and Psychology KW - Secularism KW - spirituality KW - Terminal Care KW - United States SP - 517 EP - 525 SN - 1558-1357 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19850187 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5846 T1 - The role of religious leaders and faith organisations in haemoglobinopathies: a review JF - BMC Blood Disorders JA - BMC Blood Disord M3 - 10.1186/1471-2326-9-6 A1 - Toni-Uebari,Thelma K A1 - Inusa,Baba Pd VL - 9 PY - 2009/// N2 - ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is now the most common genetic condition in the world including the UK with an estimate of over 12,500 affected people and over 300 new births per year. Blood transfusion therapy plays a very important role as a disease-modifying strategy in severe SCD e.g. primary and secondary stroke prevention and other acute life-threatening complications such as acute chest infections and acute multi-organ failure. Blood transfusion, however, carries a number of risks including alloimmunisation. There is the need to increase the level of awareness and education about SCD and also to increase blood donation drive among affected communities. These communities are mostly ethnic minority populations who are recognised to have poor access to health care services. Due to the strong impact of religion on these populations, faith organisations may provide potential access for health promotion and interventions. METHODS: A literature search was conducted to find studies published between 1990-2008 aimed at examining the influence of religious leaders and faith organisations in health, with particular reference to haemoglobinopathies. RESULTS: Eleven studies were reviewed covering a variety of health interventions. The findings suggest that involvement of religious leaders and faith organisations in health related interventions improved the level of acceptance, participation and positive health outcomes within the faith communities. CONCLUSION: Religious leaders and faith organisations have the potential to influence health education, health promotion and positive health outcomes amongst members of their faith community. They also provide potential access to at-risk populations for increasing awareness about SCD, encouraging health service utilization and ethnic blood donor drives. SP - 6 EP - 6 SN - 1471-2326 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19682389 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5848 T1 - Is intercessory prayer valid nursing intervention? JF - Journal of Christian Nursing: A Quarterly Publication of Nurses Christian Fellowship JA - J Christ Nurs A1 - Stang,Cecily Wellelr VL - 28 IS - 2 PY - 2011/06//Apr-undefined N2 - Is the use of intercessory prayer (IP) in modern nursing a valid practice? As discussed in current healthcare literature, IP is controversial, with authors offering support for and against the efficacy of the practice. This article reviews IP literature and research, concluding IP is a valid intervention for Christian nurses. SP - 92 EP - 95 SN - 0743-2550 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21473193 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5863 T1 - Nurses' provision of spiritual care in the emergency setting--an Irish perspective JF - International Emergency Nursing JA - Int Emerg Nurs M3 - 10.1016/j.ienj.2009.09.004 A1 - McBrien,Barry VL - 18 IS - 3 PY - 2010/07// N2 - Background: The researcher's interest in spiritual care arose during clinical experience in an emergency department. Over a 10-year period, I have observed, that in midst of a busy and increasingly overcrowded setting, nurses find time to provide spiritual care. Although this dimension of nursing practice is not explicitly labelled as spiritual care, it is apparent that interventions such as active listening, touch and ultimately connecting with the patient has, on most occasions, positive effects on the patient's spiritual dimension. Subsequently, this has provided the momentum to carry out a study on how nurses provide spiritual care, in an emergency setting. The findings revealed that participants regarded spiritual care to be an integral component of their role. In addition, participants reported that they derived positive personal outcomes from providing this aspect of nursing care. Nevertheless, although most participants would argue that spiritual care is central to nursing practice, concerns were expressed with regard to its provision, in the emergency setting. SP - 119 EP - 126 SN - 1878-013X ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5868 T1 - Patterns of Mind-Body Therapies in Adults with Common Neurological Conditions JF - Neuroepidemiology JA - Neuroepidemiology M3 - 10.1159/000322949 A1 - Erwin Wells,Rebecca A1 - Phillips,Russell S A1 - McCarthy,Ellen P VL - 36 IS - 1 PY - 2010/12/22/ N2 - Background: Over 40% of adults with common neurological conditions use complementary and alternative medicine, and mind-body therapies are the most commonly used form. Our objective was to describe mind-body use in adults with common neurological conditions. Methods: We compared mind-body use between adults with and without common neurological conditions (regular headaches, migraines, back pain with sciatica, strokes, dementia, seizures or memory loss) using the 2007 National Health Interview Survey of 23,393 sampled American adults. Results: Adults with common neurological conditions used mind-body therapies more frequently than those without (24.5 vs. 16.6%, p < 0.0001); differences persisted after adjustment. Deep breathing exercises, meditation and yoga were used most frequently. Nearly 70% of the adults with common neurological conditions did not discuss their mind-body use with their health care provider. Those with neurological conditions used mind-body therapies more than those without these conditions because of provider recommendation (26 vs. 13%) or because conventional treatments were perceived ineffective (12 vs. 4%) or too costly (7 vs. 2%), respectively. Conclusions: Mind-body therapies are used more frequently among adults with common neurological conditions, more often when conventional treatments were perceived ineffective. More research is warranted on the efficacy of mind-body use for common neurological conditions. SP - 46 EP - 51 SN - 1423-0208 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5906 T1 - Yoga in male sexual functioning: a noncompararive pilot study JF - The Journal of Sexual Medicine JA - J Sex Med M3 - 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.01930.x A1 - Dhikav,Vikas A1 - Karmarkar,Girish A1 - Verma,Myank A1 - Gupta,Ruchi A1 - Gupta,Supriya A1 - Mittal,Deeksha A1 - Anand,Kuljeet VL - 7 IS - 10 PY - 2010/10// N2 - INTRODUCTION: Yoga is practiced both in developing and developed countries. Many patients and yoga protagonists claim that it is useful in improving sexual functions and treating sexual disorders. AIM: We wanted to study the effect of yoga on male sexual functioning. METHODS: We studied 65 males (age range=?24-60 years, average age=40-8.26 years) who were enrolled in a yoga camp and administered a known questionnaire, i.e., Male Sexual Quotient (MSQ) before and after 12 weeks session of yoga. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: MSQ scores before and after yoga sessions. RESULTS: It was found that after the completion of yoga sessions, the sexual functions scores were significantly improved (P<0.0001). The improvement occurred in scores of all the domains of sexual functions as studied by MSQ (desire, intercourse satisfaction, performance, confidence, partner synchronization, erection, ejaculatory control, orgasm). CONCLUSIONS: Yoga appears to be an effective method of improving all domains of sexual functions in men as studied by MSQ. SP - 3460 EP - 3466 SN - 1743-6109 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20646186 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5909 T1 - Zen meditation: an integration of current evidence JF - Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.) JA - J Altern Complement Med M3 - 10.1089/acm.2008.0416 A1 - Chiesa,Alberto VL - 15 IS - 5 PY - 2009/05// N2 - OBJECTIVE: Despite the growing interest in the neurobiological and clinical correlates of many meditative practices, in particular mindfulness meditations, no review has specifically focused on current evidence on electroencephalographic, neuroimaging, biological, and clinical evidence about an important traditional practice, Zen meditation. METHODS: A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, the ISI Web of Knowledge, the Cochrane collaboration database, and references of selected articles. Randomized controlled and cross-sectional studies with controls published in English prior to May 2008 were included. RESULTS: Electroencephalographic studies on Zen meditation found increased alpha and theta activity, generally related to relaxation, in many brain regions, including the frontal cortex. Theta activity in particular seemed to be related to the degree of experience, being greater in expert practitioners and advanced masters. Moreover, Zen meditation practice could protect from cognitive decline usually associated with age and enhance antioxidant activity. From a clinical point of view, Zen meditation was found to reduce stress and blood pressure, and be efficacious for a variety of conditions, as suggested by positive findings in therapists and musicians. CONCLUSION: To date, actual evidence about Zen meditation is scarce and highlights the necessity of further investigations. Comparison with further active treatments, explanation of possible mechanisms of action, and the limitations of current evidence are discussed. KW - Cognition Disorders KW - Electroencephalography KW - Humans KW - Hypertension KW - Meditation KW - Relaxation Therapy KW - Stress, Psychological SP - 585 EP - 592 SN - 1557-7708 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5911 T1 - Making sense of genetic uncertainty: the role of religion and spirituality JF - American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part C, Seminars in Medical Genetics JA - Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet M3 - 10.1002/ajmg.c.30196 A1 - White,Mary T VL - 151C IS - 1 PY - 2009/02/15/ N2 - This article argues that to the extent that religious and spiritual beliefs can help people cope with genetic uncertainty, a limited spiritual assessment may be appropriate in genetic counseling. The article opens by establishing why genetic information is inherently uncertain and why this uncertainty can be medically, morally, and spiritually problematic. This is followed by a review of the range of factors that can contribute to risk assessments, including a few heuristics commonly used in responses to uncertainty. The next two sections summarize recent research on the diverse roles of religious and spiritual beliefs in genetic decisions and challenges to conducting spiritual assessments in genetic counseling. Based on these findings, religious and spiritual beliefs are posited as serving essentially as a heuristic that some people will utilize in responding to their genetic risks. In the interests of helping such clients make informed decisions, a limited spiritual assessment is recommended and described. Some of the challenges and risks associated with this limited assessment are discussed. Since some religious and spiritual beliefs can conflict with the values of medicine, some decisions will remain problematic. KW - Genetic Counseling KW - Genetic Testing KW - Humans KW - Prenatal Diagnosis KW - religion KW - Risk Factors KW - Uncertainty SP - 68 EP - 76 SN - 1552-4876 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5919 T1 - A randomized community-based intervention trial comparing faith community nurse referrals to telephone-assisted physician appointments for health fair participants with elevated blood pressure JF - Journal of General Internal Medicine JA - J Gen Intern Med M3 - 10.1007/s11606-010-1326-9 A1 - Baig,Arshiya A. A1 - Mangione,Carol M. A1 - Sorrell-Thompson,Alice L. A1 - Miranda,Jeanne M. VL - 25 IS - 7 PY - 2010/07// N2 - OBJECTIVE: To measure the effect of faith community nurse referrals versus telephone-assisted physician appointments on blood pressure control among persons with elevated blood pressure at health fairs. METHODS: Randomized community-based intervention trial conducted from October 2006 to October 2007 of 100 adults who had an average blood pressure reading equal to or above a systolic of 140 mm Hg or a diastolic of 90 mm Hg obtained at a faith community nurse-led church health event. Participants were randomized to either referral to a faith community nurse or to a telephone-assisted physician appointment. The average enrollment systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 149 +/- 14 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 87 +/- 11 mm Hg, 57% were uninsured and 25% were undiagnosed at the time of enrollment. RESULTS: The follow-up rate was 85% at 4 months. Patients in the faith community nurse referral arm had a 7 +/- 15 mm Hg drop in SBP versus a 14 +/- 15 mm Hg drop in the telephone-assisted physician appointment arm (p = 0.04). Twenty-seven percent of the patients in the faith community nurse referral arm had medication intensification compared to 32% in the telephone-assisted physician appointment arm (p = 0.98). CONCLUSIONS: Church health fairs conducted in low-income, multiethnic communities can identify many people with elevated blood pressure. Facilitating physician appointments for people with elevated blood pressure identified at health fairs confers a greater decrease in SBP than referral to a faith community nurse at four months. SP - 701 EP - 709 SN - 1525-1497 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5926 T1 - Integrative Medicine - Medicine of the future or 'Old Wine in New Skins'? JF - European Journal of Integrative Medicine M3 - 10.1016/j.eujim.2009.08.001 A1 - Dobos,Gustav VL - 1 IS - 3 PY - 2009/10// N2 - In Integrative Medicine (IM) the basic concept is the combination of mainstream with Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) supposably leading to synergistic therapeutic effects. In an extended version the methods of Mind/Body Medicine (MBM) are also added. As this is a new concept, changing the approach towards illness, while adding more instruments to the therapeutic [`]toolbox', IM might represent the beginning of a paradigm shift in modern medicine. The concept of Integrative Medicine is discussed here in detail by reviewing its scope and implications for the practice of medicine. SP - 109 EP - 115 SN - 1876-3820 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.bu.edu/science/article/B984N-4X6M9NV-1/2/47c6e5e5e95d6e392e2818a16e2b27ee ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5939 T1 - Situated clinical encounters in the negotiation of religious and spiritual plurality: a critical ethnography JF - International Journal of Nursing Studies JA - Int J Nurs Stud M3 - 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.11.014 A1 - Pesut,Barbara A1 - Reimer-Kirkham,Sheryl VL - 47 IS - 7 PY - 2010/07// N2 - BACKGROUND: Despite increasingly diverse, globalized societies, little attention has been paid to the influence of religious and spiritual diversity on clinical encounters within healthcare. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to analyze the negotiation of religious and spiritual plurality in clinical encounters, and the social, gendered, cultural, historical, economic and political contexts that shape that negotiation. DESIGN: Qualitative: critical ethnography. SETTINGS: The study was conducted in Western Canada between 2006 and 2009. Data collection occurred on palliative, hospice, medical and renal in-patient units at two tertiary level hospitals and seven community hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: Participants were recruited through purposive sampling and snowball technique. Twenty healthcare professionals, seventeen spiritual care providers, sixteen patients and families and twelve administrators, representing diverse ethnicities and religious affiliations, took part in the study. METHODS: Data collection included 65 in-depth interviews and over 150h of participant observation. RESULTS: Clinical encounters between care providers and recipients were shaped by how individual identities in relation to religion and spirituality were constructed. Importantly, these identities did not occur in isolation from other lines of social classification such as gender, race, and class. Negotiating difference was a process of seeing spirituality as a point of connection, eliciting the meaning systems of patients and creating safe spaces for the expression of that meaning. CONCLUSIONS: The complexity of religious and spiritual identity construction and negotiation raises important questions about language and about professional competence and boundaries in clinical encounters where religion and spirituality are relevant concerns. SP - 815 EP - 825 SN - 1873-491X ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5947 T1 - The Placebo Effect and the Molecules of Hope. JF - Pastoral Psychology M3 - 10.1007/s11089-009-0258-y A1 - Capps,Donald VL - 59 IS - 5 PY - 2010/10// N2 - Taking its point of departure from the author's theory that humor has a placebo effect, this article explores evidence that placebos have a positive biochemical effect, argues on the basis of this evidence that the placebo serves religious ends, and draws implications of this argument for physicians with religious convictions and for pastors who understand themselves to be agents of hope. It specifically argues that physicians should not pray with their patients and pastors should inform their parishioners of the negative as well as the positive effects of religion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] KW - CHURCH membership KW - Clergy KW - Physicians KW - PLACEBOS (Medicine) KW - WIT & humor SP - 541 EP - 549 SN - 00312789 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5962 T1 - The Effect of Add-On Yogic Prana Energization Technique (YPET) on Healing of Fresh Fractures: A Randomized Control Study JF - Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.) JA - J Altern Complement Med M3 - 10.1089/acm.2010.0001 A1 - Oswal,Pragati A1 - Nagarathna,Raghuram A1 - Ebnezar,John A1 - Nagendra,Hongasandra Ramarao VL - 17 IS - 3 PY - 2011/03// N2 - Abstract Objectives: The objective was to study the effect of the add-on yogic prana energization technique (YPET) on healing of fresh fractures. Materials and methods: Thirty (30) patients (22 men and 8 women) between 18 and 55 years with simple extra-articular fractures of long and short bones were selected from the outpatient department of Ebnezar Orthopaedic Centre and Parimala Speciality Hospital, Bengaluru. They were randomized into yoga (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. Compound, complicated, pathologic fractures, old fractures, and those associated with dislocations were excluded. Both groups received the conventional plaster of paris immobilization of the fracture site as the primary treatment. The yoga group, in addition, practiced YPET twice a day (30 minutes/session) for 2 weeks using taped audio instructions after learning under supervision for 1 week. YPET is an advanced yoga relaxation practice that involves breath regulation, chanting, and visualization, which according to yogic science revitalizes the tissues by activating the subtle energies (prana) within the body. Both the groups were assessed on the 1st and 21st day by the Numerical Pain Rating Scale for pain (NRS), tenderness (0-4), swelling (0-4), fracture line density (1-4), and the bridging of cortices (1-4). Results: Two (2) groups were matched on all variables. The Wilcoxon test showed significant improvement in both groups on all variables. Pain reduction (NRS) was better (p = 0.001 Mann-Whitney test) in the YPET group (94.5%) than in the control group (58.6%); Tenderness reduced (p = 0.001) better in the YPET group (94.4 %) than in the control group (69.12%); Swelling reduced by 93% in the YPET group and by 69.4% in controls (between-groups p = 0.093, i.e., nonsignificant); increase in fracture line density was better (p = 0.001) in the YPET group (48%) than in the control group (18.25%). The number of cortices united was significantly better (p = 0.001) in the YPET group (81.4%) than in controls (39.7 %). Conclusions: Add-on yoga-based YPET accelerates fracture healing. SP - 253 EP - 258 SN - 1557-7708 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21417810 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5980 T1 - Contribution of traditional medicine in the healthcare system of the Middle East JF - Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine JA - Chin J Integr Med M3 - 10.1007/s11655-011-0651-0 A1 - Yesilada,Erdem VL - 17 IS - 2 PY - 2011/02// N2 - Unani medicine or Islamic medicine is one of the main healing systems in the world, which was set up by the Islamic physicians in the Middle East about a thousand years ago based on the teachings of Hippocrates and Galen. This medical system had been practiced widespread in the world including Europe until the 16th century and contributed greatly to the development of modern medicine. Despite the remarkable advancements in orthodox medicine, the traditional medicine has always been practiced in the Middle East communities. Due to cultural beliefs and practices, the Middle East communities have a very rich tradition in the utilization of herbal remedies as well as diverse spiritual techniques for treating various disorders. Traditional practitioners have become the main component of disease management in the Middle East and they have used herbal remedies along with spiritual techniques for the treatment of ailments mainly based on the Unani medicine. SP - 95 EP - 98 SN - 1672-0415 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 5982 T1 - Complementary Medicine and Health Psychology A1 - Wersch,Anna van A1 - Forshaw,Mark A1 - Cartwright,Tina PB - Open University Press PY - 2009/10/01/ SN - 0335220118 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 5989 T1 - Cognitive Process: A Buddhist explanation of information process and its congruent reactions JF - Epilepsy & Behavior M3 - 10.1016/j.yebeh.2010.01.090 A1 - Barua,Ven. Sreemat Swapan Kumar VL - 17 IS - 4 PY - 2010/04// N1 -Applies Buddhist philosophy to cognitive processes; positions BUddha as a cognitive psychologist meditation The author presents a Buddhist understanding of the cognitive process of incoming information, its circulation and its congruent reactions based on the Buddhist spiritual meditative tradition of South and Southeast Asia. He asserts that Buddha can be credited as the first cognitive psychologist who propounded one of the most comprehensive analytic systems of cognitive process with an ultimate aim of achieving an altered psychological state of positive change and equilibrium reaction. Abstract from a paper given at the Epilepsy, Brain and Mind conference in March 2010, in Prague, Czech Republic.
N2 - The author presents a Buddhist understanding of the cognitive process of incoming information, its circulation and its congruent reactions based on the Buddhist spiritual meditative tradition of South and Southeast Asia. He asserts that Buddha can be credited as the first cognitive psychologist who propounded one of the most comprehensive analytic systems of cognitive process with an ultimate aim of achieving an altered psychological state of positive change and equilibrium reaction. Abstract from a paper given at the Epilepsy, Brain and Mind conference in March 2010, in Prague, Czech Republic. SP - 598 EP - 598 SN - 1525-5050 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 6024 T1 - Moving Beyond Health to Flourishing: The Effects of Yoga Teacher Training JF - The Scientific World Journal M3 - 10.1100/tsw.2010.87 A1 - Conboy,L. A. A1 - Wilson,A. A1 - Braun,T. VL - 10 PY - 2010/// N2 - Research in the medical and psychological fields has primarily followed a "disease-focused" approach to health. Although there is growing research on the components and outcomes of well-being, very few studies have focused on traditional practices that can be used as interventions to encourage human flourishing. The current study was developed to address this research gap. We suggest one effective method of increasing psychological well-being, the practice of yoga, an age-old practice that has been said to produce physical and psychological health. In this observational study, we examined associations with participation in a 4-week yoga teacher training resident program. Measurement instruments were chosen to capture changes in psychosocial health and human flourishing. Measurements were taken before the start of the program, immediately after the program, and 3 months postprogram. As expected, in this healthy population, the human flourishing scales showed more change than the psychosocial health scales. For example, in this healthy sample, there were no significant changes in perceived social support, quality of life, or self-efficacy from baseline to the 3-month follow-up. However, optimism, a positive psychology research measure, improved from baseline to follow-up. The mindfulness subscales of observation, awareness, and nonreactivity all improved following the training, suggesting that one benefit of yoga practice is a more refined ability to attend to one's inner experience. This study adds to the growing literature focusing on interventions that move beyond relieving pathology to those that produce optimal functioning and human thriving. SP - 788 EP - 795 SN - 1537-744X ER - TY - JOUR ID - 6025 T1 - Listening as a Symbol of Religion: A Chaplain's Response JF - Journal of Religion, Spirituality & Aging M3 - 10.1080/15528030903191649 A1 - Ellor,James W. VL - 21 IS - 4 PY - 2009/10//undefined N1 -This article is a response to an article by Alice Glickman critiquing contemporary approaches to the study of religion and spirituality among the elderly. This article makes the point that from the perspectives of chaplains, who are religious professionals called to work in a secular setting, the crossing of boundaries between religious and secular is more natural than for those who approaching the problem from other perspectives.
N2 - Chaplains offer a different perspective for this discussion as they are at once religious professionals, but often working in secular settings. As religious professionals they are seen as persons who represent a particular religion and yet must be available to persons of all faiths. In this context, chaplains do understand and define religion because in the course of their work they also understand that some people do not believe in religion. A chaplain's ministry is to both believer and nonbeliever. Chaplains may have greater difficulty incorporating spirituality into their work if they are from a religious tradition that does not generally include this concept in their work. Chaplains are practitioners who work directly with the dual role of religious professional working with the tools of religion and yet often operating in secular settings. SP - 310 EP - 315 SN - 1552-8030 UR - http://www.informaworld.com.ezproxy.bu.edu/10.1080/15528030903191649 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 6027 T1 - Nurses' experiences in spirituality and spiritual care in Hong Kong JF - Applied Nursing Research: ANR JA - Appl Nurs Res M3 - 10.1016/j.apnr.2008.10.002 A1 - Wong,Ka Fai A1 - Yau,Sui Yu VL - 23 IS - 4 PY - 2010/11// N2 - Nurses emphasize spiritual care in maintaining patients' holistic health; however, the provision for spiritual care is found to be inadequate. The limited study in exploring the nurses' perception on applying spiritual care in Hong Kong has been noted. This descriptive phenomenological study investigated the experiences of spirituality and spiritual care in Hong Kong from the nurses' perspective. Ten nurses were purposively invited for an unstructured interview. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis, and three themes emerged: the meaning of spirituality, benefits of applying spiritual care, and difficulties in applying spiritual care. This study provided preliminary insights into the development of spiritual care in Hong Kong. SP - 242 EP - 244 SN - 1532-8201 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21035036 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 6034 T1 - Using spiritual interventions in practice: developing some guidelines from evidence-based practice JF - Social Work JA - Soc Work A1 - Hodge,David R VL - 56 IS - 2 PY - 2011/04// N2 - Research indicates that many social work practitioners are interested in using spiritual interventions in clinical settings. Unfortunately, studies also indicate that practitioners have frequently received minimal training on the topic during their graduate education. Drawing from the evidence-based practice movement, this article develops some guidelines to assist practitioners in using spiritual interventions in an ethical, professional manner that fosters client well-being. These guidelines can be summarized under the following four rubrics: (1) client preference, (2) evaluation of relevant research, (3) clinical expertise, and (4) cultural competency. The article concludes by emphasizing that these overlapping guidelines should be considered concurrently, in a manner that privileges clients' needs and desires in the decision-making process. KW - Clinical Competence KW - Evidence-Based Practice KW - Humans KW - Professional-Patient Relations KW - Social Work KW - Spiritual Therapies KW - spirituality SP - 149 EP - 158 SN - 0037-8046 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21553578 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 6042 T1 - Attitudes of Arab and Jewish patients toward integration of complementary medicine in primary care clinics in Israel: a cross-cultural study JF - Social Science & Medicine (1982) JA - Soc Sci Med M3 - 10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.10.004 A1 - Ben-Arye,Eran A1 - Karkabi,Khaled A1 - Karkabi,Sonia A1 - Keshet,Yael A1 - Haddad,Maria A1 - Frenkel,Moshe VL - 68 IS - 1 PY - 2009/01// N2 - The purpose of this cross-cultural study was to evaluate patient perspectives on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) integration within primary care clinics. It is one of the first multiethnic studies to explore patients' perspectives on the best model for integrating CAM into the conventional care setting. We developed a 13-item questionnaire that addresses issues of CAM use, expectations from the primary care physicians concerning CAM, and attitudes toward CAM integration within a patient's primary care clinic. We constructed the questionnaire with cross-cultural sensitivity concerning the core concepts of CAM and traditional medicine in both the Arab and Jewish communities in northern Israel. Data for statistical analysis were obtained from 3840 patients attending seven primary care clinics. Of the 3713 respondents who were willing to identify their religion, 2184 defined themselves as Muslims, Christians, or Druze and 1529 as Jews. Respondents in the two groups were equally distributed by sex but differed significantly by age, education, self-rated religiosity, and self-reported chronic diseases in their medical background. Respondents in the two groups reported comparable overall CAM use during the previous year, but the Arab respondents reported more use of herbs and traditional medicine. Respondents in both groups stated that their primary expectation from a family physician concerning CAM was to refer them appropriately and safely to a CAM practitioner. Respondents in both groups greatly supported a theoretical scenario of CAM integration into primary medical care. However, Arab respondents were more supportive of the option that non-physician CAM practitioners would provide CAM rather than physicians. KW - Adult KW - Arabs KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - Community Health Centers KW - Complementary Therapies KW - Cross-Cultural Comparison KW - Delivery of Health Care, Integrated KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Israel KW - Jews KW - Logistic Models KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Patient Acceptance of Health Care KW - Primary Health Care KW - Religion and Medicine KW - Young Adult SP - 177 EP - 182 SN - 0277-9536 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18992983 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 6056 T1 - Complementary alternative medicine practices used by religious professionals JF - Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy JA - J Health Care Chaplain M3 - 10.1080/08854726.2010.498694 A1 - Jankowski,Katherine R. B. A1 - Silton,Nava R. A1 - Galek,Kathleen A1 - Montonye,Martin G. VL - 16 IS - 3 PY - 2010/07// N1 -This study looks into the employment of complementary and alternative medicine by religious professionals, both alone and when working with patients, and finds that the majority of religious professionals do use CAM practices, particularly meditation and deep breathing. There is more employment of the practices by women than men, and older professionals are more likely to use combinations of CAM practices than younger professionals. There is also a tendency for religious professionals to employ CAM practices for themselves more than for helping others.
N2 - Religious professionals completed an online survey of their use of health related practices currently known as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). They indicated how often they engaged in these practices and how often they had used these practices when helping other people. The majority of religious professionals used at least one of the practices when alone and when helping other people. The most frequently used practices were meditation and deep breathing exercises used both when alone and when helping others. Female respondents were more likely to use these practices on their own and when helping others than were males, and older respondents were more likely to use multiple CAM practices than their younger counterparts. Other Faith/Humanists used the most CAM practices when alone and Jewish respondents used the fewest. In general, religious professionals used fewer practices when helping others than they used for themselves. Limitations of this study and suggestions for future studies for examining CAM practices among religious professionals are discussed. SP - 172 EP - 182 SN - 1528-6916 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8350 T1 - A body-mind-spirit model in health: an Eastern approach JF - Social Work in Health Care JA - Soc Work Health Care A1 - Chan,C A1 - Ho,P S A1 - Chow,E VL - 34 IS - 3-4 PY - 2001/// N1 -Under the division of labor of Western medicine, the medical physician treats the body of patients, the social worker attends to their emotions and social relations, while the pastoral counselor provides spiritual guidance. Body, mind, cognition, emotion and spirituality are seen as discrete entities. In striking contrast, Eastern philosophies of Buddhism, Taoism and traditional Chinese medicine adopt a holistic conceptualization of an individual and his or her environment. In this view, health is perceived as a harmonious equilibrium that exists between the interplay of ‘yin’ and ‘yang’: the five internal elements (metal, wood, water, fire and earth), the six environmental conditions (dry, wet, hot, cold, wind and flame), other external sources of harm (physical injury, insect bites, poison, overeat and overwork), and the seven emotions (joy, sorrow, anger, worry, panic, anxiety and fear). The authors have adopted a body-mind-spirit integrated model of intervention to promote the health of their Chinese clients. Indeed, research results on these body-mind-spirit groups for cancer patients, bereaved wives and divorced women have shown very positive intervention outcomes. There are significant improvements in their physical health, mental health, sense of control and social support.
N2 - Under the division of labor of Western medicine, the medical physician treats the body of patients, the social worker attends to their emotions and social relations, while the pastoral counselor provides spiritual guidance. Body, mind, cognition, emotion and spirituality are seen as discrete entities. In striking contrast, Eastern philosophies of Buddhism, Taoism and traditional Chinese medicine adopt a holistic conceptualization of an individual and his or her environment. In this view, health is perceived as a harmonious equilibrium that exists between the interplay of 'yin' and 'yang': the five internal elements (metal, wood, water, fire and earth), the six environmental conditions (dry, wet, hot, cold, wind and flame), other external sources of harm (physical injury, insect bites, poison, overeat and overwork), and the seven emotions (joy, sorrow, anger, worry, panic, anxiety and fear). The authors have adopted a body-mind-spirit integrated model of intervention to promote the health of their Chinese clients. Indeed, research results on these body-mind-spirit groups for cancer patients, bereaved wives and divorced women have shown very positive intervention outcomes. There are significant improvements in their physical health, mental health, sense of control and social support. KW - Adult KW - Breathing Exercises KW - Female KW - Grief KW - Humans KW - Medicine, East Asian Traditional KW - Mind-Body Relations (Metaphysics) KW - Neoplasms KW - Social Work SP - 261 EP - 282 SN - 0098-1389 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12243428 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8351 T1 - A review of the incorporation of complementary and alternative medicine by mainstream physicians JF - Archives of Internal Medicine JA - Arch. Intern. Med A1 - Astin,J A A1 - Marie,A A1 - Pelletier,K R A1 - Hansen,E A1 - Haskell,W L VL - 158 IS - 21 PY - 1998/11/23/ N1 -Background: Studies suggest that between 30% and 50% of the adult population in industrialized nations use some form of complementary and/or alternative medicine (CAM) to prevent or treat a variety of health-related problems. Method: A comprehensive literature search identified 25 surveys conducted between 1982 and 1995 that examined the practices and beliefs of conventional physicians with regard to 5 of the more prominent CAM therapies: acupuncture, chiropractic, homeopathy, herbal medicine, and massage. Six studies were excluded owing to their methodological limitations. Results: Across surveys, acupuncture had the highest rate of physician referral (43%) among the 5 CAM therapies, followed by chiropractic (40%) and massage (21%). Rates of CAM practice by conventional physicians varied from a low of 9% for homeopathy to a high of 19% for chiropractic and massage therapy. Approximately half of the surveyed physicians believed in the efficacy of acupuncture (51%), chiropractic (53%), and massage (48%), while fewer believed in the value of homeopathy (26%) and herbal approaches (13%). Conclusions: This review suggests that large numbers of physicians are either referring to or practicing some of the more prominent and well-known forms of CAM and that many physicians believe that these therapies are useful or efficacious. These data vary considerably across surveys, most likely because of regional differences and sampling methods, suggesting the need for more rigorous surveys using national, representative samples. Finally, outcomes studies are needed so that physicians can make decisions about the use of CAM based on scientific evidence of efficacy rather than on regional economics and cultural norms.
N2 - BACKGROUND: Studies suggest that between 30% and 50% of the adult population in industrialized nations use some form of complementary and/or alternative medicine (CAM) to prevent or treat a variety of health-related problems. METHOD: A comprehensive literature search identified 25 surveys conducted between 1982 and 1995 that examined the practices and beliefs of conventional physicians with regard to 5 of the more prominent CAM therapies: acupuncture, chiropractic, homeopathy, herbal medicine, and massage. Six studies were excluded owing to their methodological limitations. RESULTS: Across surveys, acupuncture had the highest rate of physician referral (43%) among the 5 CAM therapies, followed by chiropractic (40%) and massage (21%). Rates of CAM practice by conventional physicians varied from a low of 9% for homeopathy to a high of 19% for chiropractic and massage therapy. Approximately half of the surveyed physicians believed in the efficacy of acupuncture (51%), chiropractic (53%), and massage (48%), while fewer believed in the value of homeopathy (26%) and herbal approaches (13%). CONCLUSIONS: This review suggests that large numbers of physicians are either referring to or practicing some of the more prominent and well-known forms of CAM and that many physicians believe that these therapies are useful or efficacious. These data vary considerably across surveys, most likely because of regional differences and sampling methods, suggesting the need for more rigorous surveys using national, representative samples. Finally, outcomes studies are needed so that physicians can make decisions about the use of CAM based on scientific evidence of efficacy rather than on regional economics and cultural norms. KW - Acupuncture Therapy KW - Adult KW - Attitude of Health Personnel KW - Chiropractic KW - Complementary Therapies KW - Homeopathy KW - Humans KW - Massage KW - Physicians KW - Phytotherapy KW - Referral and Consultation SP - 2303 EP - 2310 SN - 0003-9926 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/9827781 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8352 T1 - A survey of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) awareness among neurosurgeons in Washington State JF - Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine JA - J Altern Complement Med M3 - 10.1089/acm.2008.0427 A1 - Wu,Cecilia A1 - Weber,Wendy A1 - Kozak,Leila A1 - Standish,Leanna J A1 - Ojemann,Jeff G A1 - Ellenbogen,Richard G A1 - Avellino,Anthony M VL - 15 IS - 5 PY - 2009/05// N1 -Objectives Use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) by the U.S. population increased significantly in the past 2 decades. To maximize a patient’s recovery from a neurosurgical procedure, it is critical that neurosurgeons be aware of the benefits and potential adverse complications of CAM therapies. The survey’s purpose was to assess the current patterns of CAM utilization by neurosurgery patients and neurosurgeon knowledge of CAM therapies among Washington State Association of Neurological Surgeons (WSANS) members. Methods: Members of the WSANS were surveyed in 2005. The survey was sent via e-mail and the data were anonymously collected using an online survey tool, Catalyst WebQ. Results: The majority of responses (79%) stated that their neurosurgery practice was > or =75% adults. Acupuncture, herbs, massage therapy, prayer, and yoga were the most common CAM treatments patients used or discussed with their neurosurgeon. Fifty percent (50%) of neurosurgeons discussed the use of acupuncture among their colleagues. Concerning prayer and spirituality, 38% of the surveyed neurosurgeons stated that > or =25% of their patients have disclosed that they pray for their health; 42% stated that spirituality and prayer may affect neurosurgery outcome; and 38% stated that they pray for their patients. Overall, 63% of surveyed neurosurgeons stated that CAM treatments have a role in neurosurgery. Conclusions: The use of CAM may influence neurosurgical care; and the role of spirituality and prayer should be further explored. Because CAM utilization is ubiquitous, open discussion and familiarity with CAM treatments are becoming increasingly important in the field of neurosurgery.
N2 - OBJECTIVES: Use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) by the U.S. population increased significantly in the past 2 decades. To maximize a patient's recovery from a neurosurgical procedure, it is critical that neurosurgeons be aware of the benefits and potential adverse complications of CAM therapies. The survey's purpose was to assess the current patterns of CAM utilization by neurosurgery patients and neurosurgeon knowledge of CAM therapies among Washington State Association of Neurological Surgeons (WSANS) members. METHODS: Members of the WSANS were surveyed in 2005. The survey was sent via e-mail and the data were anonymously collected using an online survey tool, Catalyst WebQ. RESULTS: The majority of responses (79%) stated that their neurosurgery practice was > or =75% adults. Acupuncture, herbs, massage therapy, prayer, and yoga were the most common CAM treatments patients used or discussed with their neurosurgeon. Fifty percent (50%) of neurosurgeons discussed the use of acupuncture among their colleagues. Concerning prayer and spirituality, 38% of the surveyed neurosurgeons stated that > or =25% of their patients have disclosed that they pray for their health; 42% stated that spirituality and prayer may affect neurosurgery outcome; and 38% stated that they pray for their patients. Overall, 63% of surveyed neurosurgeons stated that CAM treatments have a role in neurosurgery. CONCLUSIONS: The use of CAM may influence neurosurgical care; and the role of spirituality and prayer should be further explored. Because CAM utilization is ubiquitous, open discussion and familiarity with CAM treatments are becoming increasingly important in the field of neurosurgery. KW - Attitude of Health Personnel KW - Complementary Therapies KW - Health Care Surveys KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Humans KW - Neurosurgery KW - Washington SP - 551 EP - 555 SN - 1557-7708 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19450166 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8353 T1 - ABC of Complementary Medicine: Complementary Medicine and the Patient JF - British Medical Journal A1 - Zollman,Catherine A1 - Vickers,Andrew VL - 319 IS - 7223 PY - 1999/12/04/ SP - 1486 EP - 1489 SN - 09598138 UR - http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/25186547 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8354 T1 - ABC of Complementary Medicine: Complementary Medicine in Conventional Practice JF - British Medical Journal A1 - Zollman,Catherine A1 - Vickers,Andrew VL - 319 IS - 7214 PY - 1999/10/02/ SP - 901 EP - 904 SN - 09598138 UR - http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/25185967 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8355 T1 - Alternative approaches to epilepsy treatment JF - Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports JA - Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep A1 - McElroy-Cox,Caitlin VL - 9 IS - 4 PY - 2009/07// N1 -Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is a diverse group of health care practices and products that fall outside the realm of traditional Western medical theory and practice and that are used to complement or replace conventional medical therapies. The use of CAM has increased over the past two decades, and surveys have shown that up to 44% of patients with epilepsy are using some form of CAM treatment. This article reviews the CAM modalities of meditation, yoga, relaxation techniques, biofeedback, nutritional and herbal supplements, dietary measures, chiropractic care, acupuncture, Reiki, and homeopathy and what is known about their potential efficacy in patients with epilepsy.
N2 - Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is a diverse group of health care practices and products that fall outside the realm of traditional Western medical theory and practice and that are used to complement or replace conventional medical therapies. The use of CAM has increased over the past two decades, and surveys have shown that up to 44% of patients with epilepsy are using some form of CAM treatment. This article reviews the CAM modalities of meditation, yoga, relaxation techniques, biofeedback, nutritional and herbal supplements, dietary measures, chiropractic care, acupuncture, Reiki, and homeopathy and what is known about their potential efficacy in patients with epilepsy. KW - Acupuncture KW - Animals KW - Biofeedback (Psychology) KW - Complementary Therapies KW - Epilepsy KW - Fatty Acids, Omega-3 KW - Homeopathy KW - Humans KW - Ketogenic Diet KW - Mind-Body Therapies KW - Phytotherapy KW - Relaxation Therapy KW - Therapeutic Touch KW - yoga SP - 313 EP - 318 SN - 1534-6293 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19515284 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8356 T1 - Alternative Medicine Research in Clinical Practice: A US National Survey JF - Archives of Internal Medicine M3 - 10.1001/archinternmed.2009.49 A1 - Tilburt,Jon C. A1 - Curlin,Farr A. A1 - Kaptchuk,Ted J. A1 - Clarridge,Brian A1 - Bolcic-Jankovic,Dragana A1 - Emanuel,Ezekiel J. A1 - Miller,Franklin G. VL - 169 IS - 7 PY - 2009/04/13/ N1 -Background Little is known about whether federally funded complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) research is translating into clinical practice. We sought to describe the awareness of CAM clinical trials, the ability to interpret research results, the acceptance of research evidence, and the predictors of trial awareness among US clinicians. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional mailed survey of 2400 practicing US acupuncturists, naturopaths, internists, and rheumatologists. Results A total of 1561 clinicians (65%) responded. Of the respondents, 59% were aware of at least 1 major CAM clinical trial; only 23% were aware of both trials. A minority of acupuncturists (20%), naturopaths (25%), internists (17%), and rheumatologists (33%) were “very confident” in interpreting research results (P < .001). Fewer acupuncturists (17%) and naturopaths (24%) than internists (58%) and rheumatologists (74%) rated the results of randomized controlled trials as “very useful” (P < .001). Twice as many internists (53%) and rheumatologists (64%) rated patient preferences as “least important” compared with acupuncturists (27%) and naturopaths (31%) (P < .001). In multivariate analyses, for clinicians aware of at least 1 trial, male sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.30 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.05-1.62]), prior research experience (OR, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.13-1.86]), institutional or academic practice setting (ORs, 1.98 [95% CI, 1.01-3.91], and 1.23 [95% CI, 0.73-2.09], respectively), and rating randomized trials as “very useful” (OR, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.12-1.91]) (P < .001) for clinical decision making were positively associated with CAM trial awareness. Acupuncturists, naturopaths, and internists (ORs, 0.15 [95% CI, 0.10-0.23], 0.15 [95% CI, 0.09-0.24], and 0.18 [95% CI, 0.12-0.28], respectively) were all similarly less aware of CAM trial results compared with rheumatologists. Conclusion For clinical research in CAM to achieve its social value, concerted efforts must be undertaken to train clinicians and improve the dissemination of research results.
N2 - Background Little is known about whether federally funded complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) research is translating into clinical practice. We sought to describe the awareness of CAM clinical trials, the ability to interpret research results, the acceptance of research evidence, and the predictors of trial awareness among US clinicians. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional mailed survey of 2400 practicing US acupuncturists, naturopaths, internists, and rheumatologists. Results A total of 1561 clinicians (65%) responded. Of the respondents, 59% were aware of at least 1 major CAM clinical trial; only 23% were aware of both trials. A minority of acupuncturists (20%), naturopaths (25%), internists (17%), and rheumatologists (33%) were "very confident" in interpreting research results (P < .001). Fewer acupuncturists (17%) and naturopaths (24%) than internists (58%) and rheumatologists (74%) rated the results of randomized controlled trials as "very useful" (P < .001). Twice as many internists (53%) and rheumatologists (64%) rated patient preferences as "least important" compared with acupuncturists (27%) and naturopaths (31%) (P < .001). In multivariate analyses, for clinicians aware of at least 1 trial, male sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.30 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.05-1.62]), prior research experience (OR, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.13-1.86]), institutional or academic practice setting (ORs, 1.98 [95% CI, 1.01-3.91], and 1.23 [95% CI, 0.73-2.09], respectively), and rating randomized trials as "very useful" (OR, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.12-1.91]) (P < .001) for clinical decision making were positively associated with CAM trial awareness. Acupuncturists, naturopaths, and internists (ORs, 0.15 [95% CI, 0.10-0.23], 0.15 [95% CI, 0.09-0.24], and 0.18 [95% CI, 0.12-0.28], respectively) were all similarly less aware of CAM trial results compared with rheumatologists. Conclusion For clinical research in CAM to achieve its social value, concerted efforts must be undertaken to train clinicians and improve the dissemination of research results. SP - 670 EP - 677 UR - http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/169/7/670 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8357 T1 - An exploratory study of spiritual care at the end of life JF - Annals of Family Medicine JA - Ann Fam Med M3 - 10.1370/afm.883 A1 - Daaleman,Timothy P A1 - Usher,Barbara M A1 - Williams,Sharon W A1 - Rawlings,Jim A1 - Hanson,Laura C VL - 6 IS - 5 PY - 2008/10//Sep-undefined N1 -Purpose: Although spiritual care is a core element of palliative care, it remains unclear how this care is perceived and delivered at the end of life. We explored how clinicians and other health care workers understand and view spiritual care provided to dying patients and their family members. Methods: Our study was based on qualitative research using key informant interviews and editing analysis with 12 clinicians and other health care workers nominated as spiritual caregivers by dying patients and their family members. Results: Being present was a predominant theme, marked by physical proximity and intentionality, or the deliberate ideation and purposeful action of providing care that went beyond medical treatment. Opening eyes was the process by which caregivers became aware of their patient’s life course and the individualized experience of their patient’s current illness. Participants also described another course of action, which we termed cocreating, that was a mutual and fluid activity between patients, family members, and caregivers. Cocreating began with an affirmation of the patient’s life experience and led to the generation of a wholistic care plan that focused on maintaining the patient’s humanity and dignity. Time was both a facilitator and inhibitor of effective spiritual care. Conclusions: Clinicians and other health care workers consider spiritual care at the end of life as a series of highly fluid interpersonal processes in the context of mutually recognized human values and experiences, rather than a set of prescribed and proscribed roles.
N2 - PURPOSE: Although spiritual care is a core element of palliative care, it remains unclear how this care is perceived and delivered at the end of life. We explored how clinicians and other health care workers understand and view spiritual care provided to dying patients and their family members. METHODS: Our study was based on qualitative research using key informant interviews and editing analysis with 12 clinicians and other health care workers nominated as spiritual caregivers by dying patients and their family members. RESULTS: Being present was a predominant theme, marked by physical proximity and intentionality, or the deliberate ideation and purposeful action of providing care that went beyond medical treatment. Opening eyes was the process by which caregivers became aware of their patient's life course and the individualized experience of their patient's current illness. Participants also described another course of action, which we termed cocreating, that was a mutual and fluid activity between patients, family members, and caregivers. Cocreating began with an affirmation of the patient's life experience and led to the generation of a wholistic care plan that focused on maintaining the patient's humanity and dignity. Time was both a facilitator and inhibitor of effective spiritual care. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians and other health care workers consider spiritual care at the end of life as a series of highly fluid interpersonal processes in the context of mutually recognized human values and experiences, rather than a set of prescribed and proscribed roles. KW - Adult KW - Attitude to Death KW - Caregivers KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Palliative Care KW - Pastoral Care KW - Professional-Family Relations KW - Professional-Patient Relations KW - spirituality KW - Terminal Care KW - Terminally Ill SP - 406 EP - 411 SN - 1544-1717 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18779544 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8358 T1 - Beliefs of primary care residents regarding spirituality and religion in clinical encounters with patients: a study at a midwestern U.S. teaching institution JF - Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges JA - Acad Med A1 - Luckhaupt,Sara E A1 - Yi,Michael S A1 - Mueller,Caroline V A1 - Mrus,Joseph M A1 - Peterman,Amy H A1 - Puchalski,Christina M A1 - Tsevat,Joel VL - 80 IS - 6 PY - 2005/06// N1 -Purpose: To assess primary care residents’ beliefs regarding the role of spirituality and religion in the clinical encounter with patients. Method: In 2003, at a major midwestern U.S. teaching institution, 247 primary care residents were administered a questionnaire adapted from that used in the Religion and Spirituality in the Medical Encounter Study to assess whether primary care house officers feel they should discuss religious and spiritual issues with patients, pray with patients, or both, and whether personal characteristics of residents, including their own spiritual well-being, religiosity, and tendency to use spiritual and religious coping mechanisms, are related to their sentiments regarding spirituality and religion in health care. Simple descriptive, univariate, and two types of multivariable analyses were performed. Results: Data were collected from 227 residents (92%) in internal medicine, pediatrics, internal medicine/pediatrics, and family medicine. One hundred four (46%) respondents felt that they should play a role in patients’ spiritual or religious lives. In multivariable analysis, this sentiment was associated with greater frequency of participating in organized religious activity (odds ratio [OR] 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20-1.99), a higher level of personal spirituality (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02-1.08), and older resident age (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.02-1.21; C-statistic 0.76). In general, advocating spiritual and religious involvement was most often associated with high personal levels of spiritual and religious coping and with the family medicine training program. Residents were more likely to agree with incorporating spirituality and religion into patient encounters as the gravity of the patient’s condition increased (p < .0001). Conclusions: Approximately half of primary care residents felt that they should play a role in their patients’ spiritual or religious lives. Residents’ agreement with specific spiritual and religious activities depended on both the patient’s condition and the resident’s personal characteristics.
N2 - PURPOSE: To assess primary care residents' beliefs regarding the role of spirituality and religion in the clinical encounter with patients. METHOD: In 2003, at a major midwestern U.S. teaching institution, 247 primary care residents were administered a questionnaire adapted from that used in the Religion and Spirituality in the Medical Encounter Study to assess whether primary care house officers feel they should discuss religious and spiritual issues with patients, pray with patients, or both, and whether personal characteristics of residents, including their own spiritual well-being, religiosity, and tendency to use spiritual and religious coping mechanisms, are related to their sentiments regarding spirituality and religion in health care. Simple descriptive, univariate, and two types of multivariable analyses were performed. RESULTS: Data were collected from 227 residents (92%) in internal medicine, pediatrics, internal medicine/pediatrics, and family medicine. One hundred four (46%) respondents felt that they should play a role in patients' spiritual or religious lives. In multivariable analysis, this sentiment was associated with greater frequency of participating in organized religious activity (odds ratio [OR] 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20-1.99), a higher level of personal spirituality (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02-1.08), and older resident age (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.02-1.21; C-statistic 0.76). In general, advocating spiritual and religious involvement was most often associated with high personal levels of spiritual and religious coping and with the family medicine training program. Residents were more likely to agree with incorporating spirituality and religion into patient encounters as the gravity of the patient's condition increased (p < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Approximately half of primary care residents felt that they should play a role in their patients' spiritual or religious lives. Residents' agreement with specific spiritual and religious activities depended on both the patient's condition and the resident's personal characteristics. KW - Adult KW - Attitude of Health Personnel KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Internship and Residency KW - Male KW - Midwestern United States KW - Physician-Patient Relations KW - Questionnaires KW - Specialties, Medical KW - spirituality SP - 560 EP - 570 SN - 1040-2446 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15917361 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8359 T1 - Cancer as part of the journey: the role of spirituality in the decision to decline conventional prostate cancer treatment and to use complementary and alternative medicine JF - Integrative Cancer Therapies JA - Integr Cancer Ther M3 - 10.1177/1534735406288084 A1 - White,Margaret A1 - Verhoef,Marja VL - 5 IS - 2 PY - 2006/06// N1 -Background: The role of spirituality in patients’ use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) approaches to cancer management has hardly been explored. Objective: To explore the role of spirituality in cancer management by men with prostate cancer who have declined conventional treatment and are using CAM. Methods: This qualitative analysis is part of a longitudinal study to assess decision making by men with prostate cancer who decline conventional treatment and use CAM. In-depth interviews were conducted at study entry (n = 29). Themes were presented to participants in focus groups to further explore and validate the interview results. For a subset of participants (n = 10), spirituality emerged as an important theme; therefore, we conducted a secondary analysis of the interview data of these men to explore the role of spirituality in cancer management and decision making. Results: Spirituality appeared to influence all aspects of the cancer experience. Most participants intensified their use of spiritual practice after a diagnosis of prostate cancer. These practices included spiritual ceremonies, indigenous healing, prayer, meditation, and use of spiritual imagery. Themes related to the role of spirituality in cancer management include beliefs about Western medicine, the role of spiritual beliefs in treatment decision making, the use of spiritual imager y and metaphor in healing, and the impact of cancer on spirituality. The discussion of these themes draws on quotes and case examples, illustrating how spirituality influenced study participants’ response to diagnosis, treatment decision making, and cancer care. Two case examples provide a more in-depth understanding of how some participants incorporated spiritual imagery and metaphor into treatment decision making and cancer care. Ways in which cancer influenced spirituality are also discussed. Having prostate cancer appeared to influence their spirituality by strengthening their links with a spiritual community, increasing feelings of gratitude toward life, and improving personal relationships. Relevance: These findings indicate that spiritual beliefs and practices may play an important role in the formation of treatment choices for some patients. Health care providers need to be aware of and address patient concerns about how conventional treatment may conflict with their spiritual beliefs and practices. Further research and medical education is needed on spirituality and prostate cancer.
N2 - BACKGROUND: The role of spirituality in patients' use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) approaches to cancer management has hardly been explored. Objective: To explore the role of spirituality in cancer management by men with prostate cancer who have declined conventional treatment and are using CAM. METHODS: This qualitative analysis is part of a longitudinal study to assess decision making by men with prostate cancer who decline conventional treatment and use CAM. In-depth interviews were conducted at study entry (n = 29). Themes were presented to participants in focus groups to further explore and validate the interview results. For a subset of participants (n = 10), spirituality emerged as an important theme; therefore, we conducted a secondary analysis of the interview data of these men to explore the role of spirituality in cancer management and decision making. RESULTS: Spirituality appeared to influence all aspects of the cancer experience. Most participants intensified their use of spiritual practice after a diagnosis of prostate cancer. These practices included spiritual ceremonies, indigenous healing, prayer, meditation, and use of spiritual imagery. Themes related to the role of spirituality in cancer management include beliefs about Western medicine, the role of spiritual beliefs in treatment decision making, the use of spiritual imager y and metaphor in healing, and the impact of cancer on spirituality. The discussion of these themes draws on quotes and case examples, illustrating how spirituality influenced study participants' response to diagnosis, treatment decision making, and cancer care. Two case examples provide a more in-depth understanding of how some participants incorporated spiritual imagery and metaphor into treatment decision making and cancer care. Ways in which cancer influenced spirituality are also discussed. Having prostate cancer appeared to influence their spirituality by strengthening their links with a spiritual community, increasing feelings of gratitude toward life, and improving personal relationships. Relevance: These findings indicate that spiritual beliefs and practices may play an important role in the formation of treatment choices for some patients. Health care providers need to be aware of and address patient concerns about how conventional treatment may conflict with their spiritual beliefs and practices. Further research and medical education is needed on spirituality and prostate cancer. KW - Complementary Therapies KW - Culture KW - Decision Making KW - Faith Healing KW - Humans KW - Interview, Psychological KW - Life Change Events KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Prostatic Neoplasms KW - Questionnaires KW - religion KW - Religion and Psychology KW - spirituality KW - Treatment Refusal SP - 117 EP - 122 SN - 1534-7354 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16685076 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8360 T1 - Challenges posed by a scientific approach to spiritual issues JF - The Journal of Family Practice JA - J Fam Pract A1 - Ellis,Mark R VL - 51 IS - 3 PY - 2002/03// KW - Attitude of Health Personnel KW - Communication Barriers KW - Humans KW - Physician-Patient Relations KW - Religion and Medicine KW - Religion and Science KW - spirituality SP - 259 EP - 260 SN - 0094-3509 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11978237 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8361 T1 - Clinical applications of the relaxation response and mind-body interventions JF - Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine JA - J Altern Complement Med A1 - Jacobs,G D VL - 7 Suppl 1 PY - 2001/// N1 -Several hundred peer-reviewed studies in the past 20 years have shown that the relaxation response and mind-body interventions are clinically effective in the treatment of many health problems that are caused or made worse by stress. Recent studies show that mind-body interventions may improve prognosis in coronary heart disease and can enhance immune functioning. It is hypothesized that mind-body interventions reduce sympathetic nervous system activation and increase parasympathetic nervous system activity, and thereby restore homeostasis. Researchers have also concluded that cognitive therapy is as effective, and possibly more effective than antidepressant medication in the treatment of major depression. This report provides an overview of some studies that have shown a beneficial role of the relaxation response and cognitive restructuring in the treatment of headaches, insomnia, and cardiovascular disorders. Studies to date suggest that mind-body interventions are effective and can also provide cost savings in patient treatment. It is also clear, however, that mind-body therapies are not panaceas, and should be used in conjunction with standard medical care.
N2 - Several hundred peer-reviewed studies in the past 20 years have shown that the relaxation response and mind-body interventions are clinically effective in the treatment of many health problems that are caused or made worse by stress. Recent studies show that mind-body interventions may improve prognosis in coronary heart disease and can enhance immune functioning. It is hypothesized that mind-body interventions reduce sympathetic nervous system activation and increase parasympathetic nervous system activity, and thereby restore homeostasis. Researchers have also concluded that cognitive therapy is as effective, and possibly more effective than antidepressant medication in the treatment of major depression. This report provides an overview of some studies that have shown a beneficial role of the relaxation response and cognitive restructuring in the treatment of headaches, insomnia, and cardiovascular disorders. Studies to date suggest that mind-body interventions are effective and can also provide cost savings in patient treatment. It is also clear, however, that mind-body therapies are not panaceas, and should be used in conjunction with standard medical care. KW - Cardiovascular Diseases KW - Humans KW - Internal-External Control KW - Mind-Body Relations (Metaphysics) KW - Parasympathetic Nervous System KW - Relaxation KW - Relaxation Therapy KW - Stress, Psychological KW - Sympathetic Nervous System SP - 93 EP - 101 SN - 1075-5535 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/11822640 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8362 T1 - Complementary and alternative medicine use by psychiatric inpatients JF - Psychological Reports JA - Psychol Rep A1 - Elkins,Gary A1 - Rajab,M Hasan A1 - Marcus,Joel VL - 96 IS - 1 PY - 2005/02// N1 -82 psychiatric inpatients hospitalized for acute care were interviewed about their use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) modalities. The clinical diagnoses of respondents included Depressive Disorder (61%), Substance Abuse (26%), Schizophrenia (9%), and Anxiety Disorders (5%). Analysis indicated that 63% used at least one CAM modality within the previous 12 mo. The most frequently used modality was herbal therapies (44%), followed by mind-body therapies such as relaxation or mental imagery, hypnosis, meditation, biofeedback (30%), and spiritual healing by another (30%). Physical modalities such as massage, chiropractic treatment, acupuncture, and yoga were used by 21% of respondents. CAM therapies were used for a variety of reasons ranging from treatment of anxiety and depression to weight loss. However, most respondents indicated they did not discuss such use with their psychiatrist or psychotherapist.
N2 - 82 psychiatric inpatients hospitalized for acute care were interviewed about their use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) modalities. The clinical diagnoses of respondents included Depressive Disorder (61%), Substance Abuse (26%), Schizophrenia (9%), and Anxiety Disorders (5%). Analysis indicated that 63% used at least one CAM modality within the previous 12 mo. The most frequently used modality was herbal therapies (44%), followed by mind-body therapies such as relaxation or mental imagery, hypnosis, meditation, biofeedback (30%), and spiritual healing by another (30%). Physical modalities such as massage, chiropractic treatment, acupuncture, and yoga were used by 21% of respondents. CAM therapies were used for a variety of reasons ranging from treatment of anxiety and depression to weight loss. However, most respondents indicated they did not discuss such use with their psychiatrist or psychotherapist. KW - Adult KW - Complementary Therapies KW - Female KW - Hospitalization KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Mental Disorders KW - Mental Health Services KW - Phytotherapy SP - 163 EP - 166 SN - 0033-2941 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/15825920 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 8363 T1 - Complementary and Alternative Medicine: An Evidence-Based Approach CY - St. Louis A1 - Spencer,John W A1 - Jacobs,Joseph J PB - Mosby PY - 1999/// N1 -This comprehensive, evidence-based resource examines current clinical research on complementary and alternative medicine. It includes updated material and new chapters on legal and ethical issues; integration of clinical practice; and medical training with complementary, alternative and evidence-based medicine. A useful reference for physicians, healthcare providers and scientists.
KW - Alternative medicine KW - Evidence-Based Medicine SN - 0815129890 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8364 T1 - Complementary and alternative medicine: attitudes and patterns of use by German physicians in a national survey JF - Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.) JA - J Altern Complement Med M3 - 10.1089/acm.2008.0306 A1 - Stange,Rainer A1 - Amhof,Robert A1 - Moebus,Susanne VL - 14 IS - 10 PY - 2008/12// N1 -Objective: To generate valid data on attitudes about complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) as well as patterns of use in a large stochastic sample of general practitioner physicians and specialists. Design: Cross-sectional survey in a large random sample of 516 German outpatient care physicians with qualifications in 13 medical fields representative of a basic population of 118,085 statutory health insurance physicians. Materials and Methods: Telephone interviews with 36 wide-ranging questions about CAM attitudes and preferred techniques were conducted in November and December 2005 as part of a national healthcare survey. Results: In our sample, 51% were in favor of CAM use (26% were very much in favor, 25% were in favor). The methods most frequently prescribed (combining answers for “very often” and “at times”) were physical therapy (71%), phytomedicine (67%), exercise (63%), nutrition and dieting (62%), massage (61%), relaxation techniques (55%), followed by more typical CAM interventions such as homeopathy (38%), acupuncture (37%), and traditional Chinese medicine (18%). Primary care physicians were significantly more inclined to use CAM than were specialists. No striking differences were observed with respect to gender or age. Conclusions: This survey demonstrates a broader acceptance and practice of CAM by physicians than hitherto believed. Methods traditionally known as “natural medicine” were more frequently used than more typical CAM procedures. Further research should focus on physicians’ differing motivations and observed results.
N2 - OBJECTIVE: To generate valid data on attitudes about complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) as well as patterns of use in a large stochastic sample of general practitioner physicians and specialists. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey in a large random sample of 516 German outpatient care physicians with qualifications in 13 medical fields representative of a basic population of 118,085 statutory health insurance physicians. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Telephone interviews with 36 wide-ranging questions about CAM attitudes and preferred techniques were conducted in November and December 2005 as part of a national healthcare survey. RESULTS: In our sample, 51% were in favor of CAM use (26% were very much in favor, 25% were in favor). The methods most frequently prescribed (combining answers for "very often" and "at times") were physical therapy (71%), phytomedicine (67%), exercise (63%), nutrition and dieting (62%), massage (61%), relaxation techniques (55%), followed by more typical CAM interventions such as homeopathy (38%), acupuncture (37%), and traditional Chinese medicine (18%). Primary care physicians were significantly more inclined to use CAM than were specialists. No striking differences were observed with respect to gender or age. CONCLUSIONS: This survey demonstrates a broader acceptance and practice of CAM by physicians than hitherto believed. Methods traditionally known as "natural medicine" were more frequently used than more typical CAM procedures. Further research should focus on physicians' differing motivations and observed results. KW - Adult KW - Attitude of Health Personnel KW - Complementary Therapies KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Cultural Characteristics KW - Female KW - Germany KW - Health Care Surveys KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Physician-Patient Relations KW - Physician's Practice Patterns KW - Primary Health Care KW - Questionnaires KW - Specialties, Medical SP - 1255 EP - 1261 SN - 1557-7708 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19123879 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8365 T1 - Complementary and alternative treatment methods in children with cancer: A population-based retrospective survey on the prevalence of use in Germany JF - European Journal of Cancer JA - Eur. J. Cancer M3 - 10.1016/j.ejca.2008.07.020 A1 - Laengler,Alfred A1 - Spix,Claudia A1 - Seifert,Georg A1 - Gottschling,Sven A1 - Graf,Norbert A1 - Kaatsch,Peter VL - 44 IS - 15 PY - 2008/10// N1 -Introduction: Few studies have been conducted to date on the prevalence of use of complementary and alternative treatment methods (CAMs) in paediatric oncology, and those that have been conducted are often not representative. We therefore decided to study a representative sample of children with cancer in the German population. Patients and Methods: The study took the form of a retrospective survey amongst all parents whose children were first diagnosed with a disease covered by the German Childhood Cancer Registry in 2001. The primary objectives of the survey were to establish the prevalence of use of CAM and the factors related to its use. Results: Of the 1595 questionnaires sent out, 1063 (67%) could be evaluated. 35% of the responders had used CAM. The most frequently used methods were homeopathy, dietary supplements and anthroposophic medicine including mistletoe therapy. Factors which increased the probability of using CAM were the previous use of CAM, higher social status and poor prognosis of the child’s disease. The most frequently named reasons for use of CAM were physical stabilisation, strengthening the immune system and improving the chance of cure. Whilst the sources of information about CAM were in most cases not doctors, 71% of users had nevertheless spoken to a doctor about using CAM. The effects of the CAM perceived by the parents were for the most part positive. 89% of the users reported that they would recommend CAM to other parents. Conclusions: CAMs are administered alongside standard therapy to 35% of children with cancer in Germany, usually by the parents. Prospective studies on the effects and side-effects of the most frequently used methods are urgently needed, and paediatric oncologists should have sufficient knowledge of CAM to enable them to advise parents professionally and competently about these treatments, too.
N2 - INTRODUCTION: Few studies have been conducted to date on the prevalence of use of complementary and alternative treatment methods (CAMs) in paediatric oncology, and those that have been conducted are often not representative. We therefore decided to study a representative sample of children with cancer in the German population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study took the form of a retrospective survey amongst all parents whose children were first diagnosed with a disease covered by the German Childhood Cancer Registry in 2001. The primary objectives of the survey were to establish the prevalence of use of CAM and the factors related to its use. RESULTS: Of the 1595 questionnaires sent out, 1063 (67%) could be evaluated. 35% of the responders had used CAM. The most frequently used methods were homeopathy, dietary supplements and anthroposophic medicine including mistletoe therapy. Factors which increased the probability of using CAM were the previous use of CAM, higher social status and poor prognosis of the child's disease. The most frequently named reasons for use of CAM were physical stabilisation, strengthening the immune system and improving the chance of cure. Whilst the sources of information about CAM were in most cases not doctors, 71% of users had nevertheless spoken to a doctor about using CAM. The effects of the CAM perceived by the parents were for the most part positive. 89% of the users reported that they would recommend CAM to other parents. CONCLUSIONS: CAMs are administered alongside standard therapy to 35% of children with cancer in Germany, usually by the parents. Prospective studies on the effects and side-effects of the most frequently used methods are urgently needed, and paediatric oncologists should have sufficient knowledge of CAM to enable them to advise parents professionally and competently about these treatments, too. KW - Attitude to Health KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Complementary Therapies KW - Female KW - Germany KW - Health Care Surveys KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Neoplasms KW - Parents KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Socioeconomic Factors SP - 2233 EP - 2240 SN - 1879-0852 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/18809313 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8366 T1 - Conceptualising spirituality and religion for healthcare JF - Journal of Clinical Nursing JA - J Clin Nurs M3 - 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02344.x A1 - Pesut,Barbara A1 - Fowler,Marsha A1 - Taylor,Elizabeth J A1 - Reimer-Kirkham,Sheryl A1 - Sawatzky,Richard VL - 17 IS - 21 PY - 2008/11// N1 -AIMS: To discuss some of the challenges of conceptualising spirituality and religion for healthcare practice. Background: With the growing interest in spirituality in healthcare, has come the inevitable task of trying to conceptualise spirituality, a daunting task given the amorphous nature of spirituality, the changing understandings of spirituality among individuals and the diverse globalised society within which this task is taking place. Spirituality’s relationship to religion is a particularly challenging point of debate. Design: Critical review. Conclusions: Three social and historical conditions - located in the context of Western thought - have contributed to current conceptualisations of spirituality and religion: the diminishment of the social authority of religion as a result of the Enlightenment focus on reason, the rise of a postmodern spirituality emphasising spiritual experience and current tensions over the ideological and political roles of religion in society. The trend to minimise the social influence of religion is a particular Western bias that seems to ignore the global megatrend of the resurgence of religion. Current conceptualisations are critiqued on the following grounds: that they tend to be ungrounded from a rich history of theological and philosophical thought, that a particular form of elitist spirituality is emerging and that the individualistic emphasis in recent conceptualisations of spirituality diminishes the potential for societal critique and transformation while opening the door for economic and political self interest. Relevance to clinical practice: Constructing adequate conceptualisations of spirituality and religion for clinical practice entails grounding them in the wealth of centuries of philosophical and theological thinking, ensuring that they represent the diverse society that nursing serves and anchoring them within a moral view of practice.
N2 - AIMS: To discuss some of the challenges of conceptualising spirituality and religion for healthcare practice. BACKGROUND: With the growing interest in spirituality in healthcare, has come the inevitable task of trying to conceptualise spirituality, a daunting task given the amorphous nature of spirituality, the changing understandings of spirituality among individuals and the diverse globalised society within which this task is taking place. Spirituality's relationship to religion is a particularly challenging point of debate. DESIGN: Critical review. CONCLUSIONS: Three social and historical conditions - located in the context of Western thought - have contributed to current conceptualisations of spirituality and religion: the diminishment of the social authority of religion as a result of the Enlightenment focus on reason, the rise of a postmodern spirituality emphasising spiritual experience and current tensions over the ideological and political roles of religion in society. The trend to minimise the social influence of religion is a particular Western bias that seems to ignore the global megatrend of the resurgence of religion. Current conceptualisations are critiqued on the following grounds: that they tend to be ungrounded from a rich history of theological and philosophical thought, that a particular form of elitist spirituality is emerging and that the individualistic emphasis in recent conceptualisations of spirituality diminishes the potential for societal critique and transformation while opening the door for economic and political self interest. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Constructing adequate conceptualisations of spirituality and religion for clinical practice entails grounding them in the wealth of centuries of philosophical and theological thinking, ensuring that they represent the diverse society that nursing serves and anchoring them within a moral view of practice. KW - Delivery of Health Care KW - Humans KW - spirituality SP - 2803 EP - 2810 SN - 1365-2702 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/18665876 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8367 T1 - Derivative benefits: exploring the body through complementary and alternative medicine JF - Sociology of Health & Illness JA - Sociol Health Illn M3 - 10.1111/j.1467-9566.2009.01163.x A1 - Baarts,Charlotte A1 - Pedersen,Inge Kryger VL - 31 IS - 5 PY - 2009/07// N2 - Since the 1960s, in Western societies, there has been a striking growth of consumer interest in complementary or alternative medicine (CAM). In order to make this increased popularity intelligible this paper challenges stereotypical images of users' motives and the results of clinical studies of CAM by exploring bodily experiences of acupuncture, reflexology treatments, and mindfulness training. The study draws on 138 in-depth interviews with 46 clients, client diaries and observations of 92 clinical treatments in order to identify bodily experiences of health and care: experiences that are contested between forces of mastery, control and resistance. We discuss why clients continue to use CAM even when the treatments do not help or even after they have been relieved of their physiological or mental problems. The encounter between the client and CAM produces derivative benefits such as a fresh and sustained sense of bodily responsibility that induces new health practices. KW - Acupuncture Therapy KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Attitude to Health KW - Complementary Therapies KW - Female KW - Health Behavior KW - Humans KW - Internal-External Control KW - Interviews as Topic KW - Male KW - Massage KW - Meditation KW - Middle Aged KW - Patient Acceptance of Health Care KW - Patient Satisfaction KW - Young Adult SP - 719 EP - 733 SN - 1467-9566 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19392940 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8368 T1 - Development of a scale to assess the meditation experience. JF - Personality and Individual Differences M3 - 10.1016/j.paid.2009.05.007 A1 - Reavley,Nicola A1 - Pallant,Julie F. VL - 47 IS - 6 PY - 2009/10// N1 -This paper describes the initial development of a scale to assess the effects of meditation. The scale consists of two sections: Experiences During Meditation (EOM-DM) and Effects of Meditation in Everyday Life (EOM-EL). Scale evaluation on 236 participants involved factor analysis, reliability and validity analysis. The EOM-DM scale had five subscales: Cognitive effects, Emotional effects, Mystical experiences, Relaxation and Physical discomfort. The physical, emotional, expanded consciousness and cognitive item groups of the EOM-EL were analysed separately. Each scale had a single factor structure whereas analysis of the EOM-EL-cognitive scale identified four factors: Social relations, Cognitive ability, Non-judgemental acceptance and Behaviours and habits. Construct validity was explored by assessing correlations with existing measures: Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, FACIT Spiritual wellbeing subscale and POMS-Short Form. Although further development is required, the scale showed adequate psychometric properties and may be useful for clinicians and researchers to improve understanding of the effects of meditation practices.
N2 - This paper describes the initial development of a scale to assess the effects of meditation. The scale consists of two sections: Experiences During Meditation (EOM-DM) and Effects of Meditation in Everyday Life (EOM-EL). Scale evaluation on 236 participants involved factor analysis, reliability and validity analysis. The EOM-DM scale had five subscales: Cognitive effects, Emotional effects, Mystical experiences, Relaxation and Physical discomfort. The physical, emotional, expanded consciousness and cognitive item groups of the EOM-EL were analysed separately. Each scale had a single factor structure whereas analysis of the EOM-EL-cognitive scale identified four factors: Social relations, Cognitive ability, Non-judgemental acceptance and Behaviours and habits. Construct validity was explored by assessing correlations with existing measures: Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, FACIT Spiritual wellbeing subscale and POMS-Short Form. Although further development is required, the scale showed adequate psychometric properties and may be useful for clinicians and researchers to improve understanding of the effects of meditation practices. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract) KW - construct validity KW - Effects of Meditation scale KW - Experiences (Events) KW - factor analysis KW - factor structure KW - mediation experience KW - Meditation KW - psychometric properties KW - Psychometrics KW - Rating Scales KW - reliability KW - scale development & evaluation KW - Test Construction KW - Test Reliability KW - Test Validity SP - 547 EP - 552 SN - 0191-8869 UR - http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.bu.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2009-10749-005&site=ehost-live ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8369 T1 - Development of a spiritually based educational program to increase colorectal cancer screening among African American men and women JF - Health Communication JA - Health Commun M3 - 10.1080/10410230903023451 A1 - Holt,Cheryl L A1 - Roberts,Chastity A1 - Scarinci,Isabel A1 - Wiley,Shereta R A1 - Eloubeidi,Mohamad A1 - Crowther,Martha A1 - Bolland,John A1 - Litaker,Mark S A1 - Southward,Vivian A1 - Coughlin,Steven S VL - 24 IS - 5 PY - 2009/07// N1 -This study describes the development of a spiritually based intervention to increase colorectal cancer screening through African American churches by framing the health message with spiritual themes and scripture. The intervention development phase consisted of ideas from an advisory panel and core content identified in focus groups. In the pilot-testing phase, prototypes of the intervention materials were tested for graphic appeal in additional focus groups, and content was tested for acceptability and comprehension in cognitive interviews. Participants preferred materials showing a variety of African Americans in real settings, bright color schemes, and an uplifting message emphasizing prevention and early detection. Spiritual themes such as stewardship over the body, being well to serve God, and using faith to overcome fear, were well received. The materials were then finalized for implementation and will be used by community health advisors to encourage screening.
N2 - This study describes the development of a spiritually based intervention to increase colorectal cancer screening through African American churches by framing the health message with spiritual themes and scripture. The intervention development phase consisted of ideas from an advisory panel and core content identified in focus groups. In the pilot-testing phase, prototypes of the intervention materials were tested for graphic appeal in additional focus groups, and content was tested for acceptability and comprehension in cognitive interviews. Participants preferred materials showing a variety of African Americans in real settings, bright color schemes, and an uplifting message emphasizing prevention and early detection. Spiritual themes such as stewardship over the body, being well to serve God, and using faith to overcome fear, were well received. The materials were then finalized for implementation and will be used by community health advisors to encourage screening. KW - Adult KW - African Americans KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Colorectal Neoplasms KW - Female KW - Health Education KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Mass Screening KW - Middle Aged KW - Patient Acceptance of Health Care KW - spirituality SP - 400 EP - 412 SN - 1532-7027 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19657823 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8370 T1 - Do patients want physicians to inquire about their spiritual or religious beliefs if they become gravely ill? JF - Archives of Internal Medicine JA - Arch. Intern. Med A1 - Ehman,J W A1 - Ott,B B A1 - Short,T H A1 - Ciampa,R C A1 - Hansen-Flaschen,J VL - 159 IS - 15 PY - 1999/08/09/23 N1 -Background: Recognizing that many Americans draw on religious or spiritual beliefs when confronted by serious illness, some medical educators have recommended that physicians routinely ask about spirituality or religion when conducting a medical history. The most appropriate wording for such an inquiry remains unknown. Objective: To examine patient acceptance of including the following question in the medical history of ambulatory outpatients: “Do you have spiritual or religious beliefs that would influence your medical decisions if you become gravely ill?” Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were completed by 177 ambulatory adult patients visiting a pulmonary faculty office practice at a university teaching hospital in 1997 (83% response rate). Results: Fifty-one percent of the study patients described themselves as religious and 90% believe that prayer may sometimes influence recovery from an illness. Forty-five percent reported that religious beliefs would influence their medical decisions if they become gravely ill. Ninety-four percent of individuals with such beliefs agreed or strongly agreed that physicians should ask them whether they have such beliefs if they become gravely ill. Forty-five percent of the respondents who denied having such beliefs also agreed that physicians should ask about them. Altogether, two thirds of the respondents indicated that they would welcome the study question in a medical history, whereas 16% reported that they would not. Only 15% of the study group recalled having been asked whether spiritual or religious beliefs would influence their medical decisions. Conclusion: Many but not all patients surveyed in a pulmonary outpatient practice welcome a carefully worded inquiry about their spiritual or religious beliefs in the event that they become gravely ill.
N2 - BACKGROUND: Recognizing that many Americans draw on religious or spiritual beliefs when confronted by serious illness, some medical educators have recommended that physicians routinely ask about spirituality or religion when conducting a medical history. The most appropriate wording for such an inquiry remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: To examine patient acceptance of including the following question in the medical history of ambulatory outpatients: "Do you have spiritual or religious beliefs that would influence your medical decisions if you become gravely ill?" METHODS: Self-administered questionnaires were completed by 177 ambulatory adult patients visiting a pulmonary faculty office practice at a university teaching hospital in 1997 (83% response rate). RESULTS: Fifty-one percent of the study patients described themselves as religious and 90% believe that prayer may sometimes influence recovery from an illness. Forty-five percent reported that religious beliefs would influence their medical decisions if they become gravely ill. Ninety-four percent of individuals with such beliefs agreed or strongly agreed that physicians should ask them whether they have such beliefs if they become gravely ill. Forty-five percent of the respondents who denied having such beliefs also agreed that physicians should ask about them. Altogether, two thirds of the respondents indicated that they would welcome the study question in a medical history, whereas 16% reported that they would not. Only 15% of the study group recalled having been asked whether spiritual or religious beliefs would influence their medical decisions. CONCLUSION: Many but not all patients surveyed in a pulmonary outpatient practice welcome a carefully worded inquiry about their spiritual or religious beliefs in the event that they become gravely ill. KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Attitude to Death KW - Communication KW - Female KW - Holistic Health KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - PATIENTS KW - Physician-Patient Relations KW - Questionnaires KW - Religion and Medicine KW - Social Values KW - spirituality KW - Terminal Care KW - Trust KW - United States SP - 1803 EP - 1806 SN - 0003-9926 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10448785 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8371 T1 - Do religion and spirituality matter in health? A response to the recent article in The Lancet JF - Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine JA - Altern Ther Health Med A1 - Dossey,L VL - 5 IS - 3 PY - 1999/05// KW - Complementary Therapies KW - Humans KW - Religion and Medicine SP - 16 EP - 18 SN - 1078-6791 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10234862 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8372 T1 - Does religious activity improve health outcomes? A critical review of the recent literature JF - Explore JA - Explore (NY) M3 - 10.1016/j.explore.2005.02.001 A1 - Coruh,Başak A1 - Ayele,Hana A1 - Pugh,Meredith A1 - Mulligan,Thomas VL - 1 IS - 3 PY - 2005/05// N1 -Objective: Many Americans use religious activity to cope with stressful life events. Our goal was to review systematically the recent medical literature to assess the role of religion in health outcomes. Data sources: We conducted a comprehensive literature search using MEDLINE to identify studies published in the English language between January 1999 and June 2003 describing the effect of religion on health outcomes. The search strategy used the medical subject headings (MeSH) of religion; religion AND medicine; religion OR intercessory prayer; prayer; prayer therapy; religious rites; faith; medicine, traditional; religiosity; religion AND psychology; and religion AND health. Study selection: Religious, but not spiritual, interventions were selected for inclusion. Thus, papers describing interventions such as yoga, meditation, acupuncture, and qigong were excluded. Manuscripts describing randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, and partnerships with faith-based organizations were included. Data extraction: We found five randomized controlled trials, four clinical trials, and seven faith-based partnerships that describe the impact of religious intervention on health outcomes. Papers were analyzed by four reviewers using a modified Delphi technique to reach consensus. Data synthesis: Religious intervention such as intercessory prayer may improve success rates of in vitro fertilization, decrease length of hospital stay and duration of fever in septic patients, increase immune function, improve rheumatoid arthritis, and reduce anxiety. Frequent attendance at religious services likely improves health behaviors. Moreover, prayer may decrease adverse outcomes in patients with cardiac disease. Conclusions: Religious activity may improve health outcomes.
N2 - OBJECTIVE: Many Americans use religious activity to cope with stressful life events. Our goal was to review systematically the recent medical literature to assess the role of religion in health outcomes. DATA SOURCES: We conducted a comprehensive literature search using MEDLINE to identify studies published in the English language between January 1999 and June 2003 describing the effect of religion on health outcomes. The search strategy used the medical subject headings (MeSH) of religion; religion AND medicine; religion OR intercessory prayer; prayer; prayer therapy; religious rites; faith; medicine, traditional; religiosity; religion AND psychology; and religion AND health. STUDY SELECTION: Religious, but not spiritual, interventions were selected for inclusion. Thus, papers describing interventions such as yoga, meditation, acupuncture, and qigong were excluded. Manuscripts describing randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, and partnerships with faith-based organizations were included. DATA EXTRACTION: We found five randomized controlled trials, four clinical trials, and seven faith-based partnerships that describe the impact of religious intervention on health outcomes. Papers were analyzed by four reviewers using a modified Delphi technique to reach consensus. DATA SYNTHESIS: Religious intervention such as intercessory prayer may improve success rates of in vitro fertilization, decrease length of hospital stay and duration of fever in septic patients, increase immune function, improve rheumatoid arthritis, and reduce anxiety. Frequent attendance at religious services likely improves health behaviors. Moreover, prayer may decrease adverse outcomes in patients with cardiac disease. CONCLUSIONS: Religious activity may improve health outcomes. KW - Delphi Technique KW - Health Behavior KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - mental health KW - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic KW - religion KW - Religion and Medicine KW - Treatment Outcome SP - 186 EP - 191 SN - 1878-7541 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/16781528 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8373 T1 - Equity and resource allocation in health care: dialogue between Islam and Christianity JF - Medicine, Health Care, and Philosophy JA - Med Health Care Philos A1 - Benn,Christoph A1 - Hyder,Adnan A VL - 5 IS - 2 PY - 2002/// N1 -Inequities in health and health care are one of the greatest challenges facing the international community today. This problem raises serious questions for health care planners, politicians and ethicists alike. The major world religions can play an important role in this discussion. Therefore, interreligious dialogue on this topic between ethicists and health care professionals is of increasing relevance and urgency. This article gives an overview on the positions of Islam and Christianity on equity and the distribution of resources in health care. It has been written in close collaboration and constant dialogue between the two authors coming from the two religions. Although there is no specific concept for the modern term equity in either of the two religions, several areas of agreement have been identified: All human beings share the same values and status, which constitutes the basis for an equitable distribution of rights and benefits. Special provisions need to be made for the most needy and disadvantaged. The obligation to provide equitable health services extends beyond national and religious boundaries. Several areas require intensified research and further dialogue: the relationship between the individual and the community in terms of rights and responsibilities, how to operationalize the moral duty to decrease global inequalities in health, and the understanding and interpretation of human rights in regard to social services.
N2 - Inequities in health and health care are one of the greatest challenges facing the international community today. This problem raises serious questions for health care planners, politicians and ethicists alike. The major world religions can play an important role in this discussion. Therefore, interreligious dialogue on this topic between ethicists and health care professionals is of increasing relevance and urgency. This article gives an overview on the positions of Islam and Christianity on equity and the distribution of resources in health care. It has been written in close collaboration and constant dialogue between the two authors coming from the two religions. Although there is no specific concept for the modern term equity in either of the two religions, several areas of agreement have been identified: All human beings share the same values and status, which constitutes the basis for an equitable distribution of rights and benefits. Special provisions need to be made for the most needy and disadvantaged. The obligation to provide equitable health services extends beyond national and religious boundaries. Several areas require intensified research and further dialogue: the relationship between the individual and the community in terms of rights and responsibilities, how to operationalize the moral duty to decrease global inequalities in health, and the understanding and interpretation of human rights in regard to social services. KW - Christianity KW - Delivery of Health Care KW - Health Care Rationing KW - Humans KW - ISLAM KW - Social Justice KW - Social Welfare SP - 181 EP - 189 SN - 1386-7423 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/12168993 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8374 T1 - Ethical considerations of complementary and alternative medical therapies in conventional medical settings JF - Annals of Internal Medicine JA - Ann. Intern. Med A1 - Adams,Karen E A1 - Cohen,Michael H A1 - Eisenberg,David A1 - Jonsen,Albert R VL - 137 IS - 8 PY - 2002/10/15/ N1 -Increasing use of complementary and alternative medical (CAM) therapies by patients, health care providers, and institutions has made it imperative that physicians consider their ethical obligations when recommending, tolerating, or proscribing these therapies. The authors present a risk-benefit framework that can be applied to determine the appropriateness of using CAM therapies in various clinical scenarios. The major relevant issues are the severity and acuteness of illness; the curability of the illness by conventional forms of treatment; the degree of invasiveness, associated toxicities, and side effects of the conventional treatment; the availability and quality of evidence of utility and safety of the desired CAM treatment; the level of understanding of risks and benefits of the CAM treatment combined with the patient’s knowing and voluntary acceptance of those risks; and the patient’s persistence of intention to use CAM therapies. Even in the absence of scientific evidence for CAM therapies, by considering these relevant issues, providers can formulate a plan that is clinically sound, ethically appropriate, and targeted to the unique circumstances of individual patients. Physicians are encouraged to remain engaged in problem-solving with their patients and to attempt to elucidate and clarify the patient’s core values and beliefs when counseling about CAM therapies.
N2 - Increasing use of complementary and alternative medical (CAM) therapies by patients, health care providers, and institutions has made it imperative that physicians consider their ethical obligations when recommending, tolerating, or proscribing these therapies. The authors present a risk-benefit framework that can be applied to determine the appropriateness of using CAM therapies in various clinical scenarios. The major relevant issues are the severity and acuteness of illness; the curability of the illness by conventional forms of treatment; the degree of invasiveness, associated toxicities, and side effects of the conventional treatment; the availability and quality of evidence of utility and safety of the desired CAM treatment; the level of understanding of risks and benefits of the CAM treatment combined with the patient's knowing and voluntary acceptance of those risks; and the patient's persistence of intention to use CAM therapies. Even in the absence of scientific evidence for CAM therapies, by considering these relevant issues, providers can formulate a plan that is clinically sound, ethically appropriate, and targeted to the unique circumstances of individual patients. Physicians are encouraged to remain engaged in problem-solving with their patients and to attempt to elucidate and clarify the patient's core values and beliefs when counseling about CAM therapies. KW - Adenocarcinoma KW - Carcinoma in Situ KW - Complementary Therapies KW - Decision Making KW - Ethics, Medical KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Middle Aged KW - Neoplasm Recurrence, Local KW - Ovarian Neoplasms KW - Physician-Patient Relations KW - Referral and Consultation KW - Risk Assessment KW - Treatment Refusal KW - Truth Disclosure KW - Uterine Cervical Neoplasms SP - 660 EP - 664 SN - 1539-3704 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/12379066 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8375 T1 - Evolving Conceptions of Mindfulness in Clinical Settings JF - Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy M3 - 10.1891/0889-8391.23.3.270 A1 - Carmody,James VL - 23 PY - 2009/08// N1 -A number of issues important to the clinical utility of mindfulness require systematic study. These include the most parsimonious definition of mindfulness for clinical purposes, how mindfulness is best described to be most approachable to patients, and the extent to which mindfulness shares common mechanisms with other mind-body programs. The discussion includes a brief review of the transition of mindfulness from traditional into clinical settings as well as the components commonly contained within clinical descriptions of mindfulness. A model based on facility in the use of attention is proposed, and a description of mechanisms by which attentional skill may lead to the recognition of internal associational processes and account for psychological outcomes is given. Using constructs already familiar to patients, an attention-based conception may also be more accessible to patients than more elaborate descriptions and have greater utility in identifying commonalities that mindfulness training may have with other mind-body programs.
N2 - A number of issues important to the clinical utility of mindfulness require systematic study. These include the most parsimonious definition of mindfulness for clinical purposes, how mindfulness is best described to be most approachable to patients, and the extent to which mindfulness shares common mechanisms with other mind-body programs. The discussion includes a brief review of the transition of mindfulness from traditional into clinical settings as well as the components commonly contained within clinical descriptions of mindfulness. A model based on facility in the use of attention is proposed, and a description of mechanisms by which attentional skill may lead to the recognition of internal associational processes and account for psychological outcomes is given. Using constructs already familiar to patients, an attention-based conception may also be more accessible to patients than more elaborate descriptions and have greater utility in identifying commonalities that mindfulness training may have with other mind-body programs. KW - Attention KW - Mechanisms KW - Meditation KW - Mindfulness KW - Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction SP - 270 EP - 280 UR - http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/springer/jcogp/2009/00000023/00000003/art00007 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8376 T1 - Exploring prayer as a spiritual modality JF - Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy. Revue Canadienne D'ergothérapie JA - Can J Occup Ther A1 - Farah,Jennifer A1 - McColl,Mary Ann VL - 75 IS - 1 PY - 2008/02// N1 -Background: What does it mean to focus on the spiritual in occupational therapy? What interventions would qualify as spiritual modalities? This paper attempts to define the boundaries of what may be considered legitimate uses of spirituality in occupational therapy by using the example of prayer. Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to provide an in-depth analysis of the use of prayer in practice. Method: Medical and allied health journals were searched using the terms spirituality, spirit, religion, and prayer. Identified articles were synthesized to identify potential advantages and disadvantages of using prayer in therapy. Findings: Prayer can be considered an appropriate occupational therapy intervention so long as four questions can be answered positively. Implications: To answer these questions, guidelines are provided that will lead the therapist through a decision making process to determine the appropriateness of incorporating prayer into any clinical situation.
N2 - BACKGROUND: What does it mean to focus on the spiritual in occupational therapy? What interventions would qualify as spiritual modalities? This paper attempts to define the boundaries of what may be considered legitimate uses of spirituality in occupational therapy by using the example of prayer. PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper was to provide an in-depth analysis of the use of prayer in practice. METHOD: Medical and allied health journals were searched using the terms spirituality, spirit, religion, and prayer. Identified articles were synthesized to identify potential advantages and disadvantages of using prayer in therapy. FINDINGS: Prayer can be considered an appropriate occupational therapy intervention so long as four questions can be answered positively. IMPLICATIONS: To answer these questions, guidelines are provided that will lead the therapist through a decision making process to determine the appropriateness of incorporating prayer into any clinical situation. KW - Decision Making KW - Humans KW - Occupational Therapy KW - Professional-Patient Relations KW - religion KW - spirituality SP - 5 EP - 13 SN - 0008-4174 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18323360 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8377 T1 - Formulation and treatment: integrating religion and spirituality in clinical practice JF - Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America JA - Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am A1 - Josephson,Allan M VL - 13 IS - 1 PY - 2004/01// N1 -Several hundred peer-reviewed studies in the past 20 years have shown that the relaxation response and mind-body interventions are clinically effective in the treatment of many health problems that are caused or made worse by stress. Recent studies show that mind-body interventions may improve prognosis in coronary heart disease and can enhance immune functioning. It is hypothesized that mind-body interventions reduce sympathetic nervous system activation and increase parasympathetic nervous system activity, and thereby restore homeostasis. Researchers have also concluded that cognitive therapy is as effective, and possibly more effective than antidepressant medication in the treatment of major depression. This report provides an overview of some studies that have shown a beneficial role of the relaxation response and cognitive restructuring in the treatment of headaches, insomnia, and cardiovascular disorders. Studies to date suggest that mind-body interventions are effective and can also provide cost savings in patient treatment. It is also clear, however, that mind-body therapies are not panaceas, and should be used in conjunction with standard medical care.
N2 - Developing scientifically sound and clinically meaningful case formulations is so challenging that it may verge on becoming a "lost art." Pressures (scientific, economic, and cultural) remain that prevent child and adolescent psychiatrists from getting a complete understanding of the patient and family. Including a strong consideration of data related to religion, spirituality, and worldview may seem only to complicate an already arduous task. The clinician who includes these factors in treatment is faced with decisions of when to discuss these issues, how to discuss them and in what depth, and finally, when to refer to a religious/spiritual professional. Nonetheless, the importance of these factors in the lives of many children and families leaves no option but to address them as directly as possible. It is well worth the effort and, in many cases, will open new areas for clinical improvement in patients. KW - Adaptation, Psychological KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Family Relations KW - Family Therapy KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Marriage KW - Mental Disorders KW - Parent-Child Relations KW - PARENTING KW - Religion and Psychology KW - Social Values KW - spirituality SP - 71 EP - 84 SN - 1056-4993 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/14723301 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8378 T1 - From Quackery to "Complementary" Medicine: The American Medical Profession Confronts Alternative Therapies JF - Social Problems A1 - Winnick,Terri A. VL - 52 IS - 1 PY - 2005/02// N1 -This research examines trends in coverage of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in five prestigious medical journals during a period of intense reorganization within medicine (1965-1999). Content analysis of a sample of documents (N=102) shows the medical profession responded to the growth of CAM in three distinct phases. During each phase, changes in the medical marketplace-such as relaxed medical licensing, the development of managed care, rising consumerism, and the establishment of the Office of Alternative Medicine-influenced the type of response in the journals. From the late 1960s to the early 1970s, during the condemnation phase, authors ridiculed, exaggerated the risks, and petitioned the state to contain CAM. In the reassessment phase (mid-1970s through early 1990s), increased consumer utilization of CAM prompted concern, and authors pondered whether patient dissatisfaction and shortcomings in conventional care contributed to this trend. Throughout the 1990s, in the integration phase, struggles to outlaw CAM were abandoned, physicians began learning to work around or administer CAM, and the subjugation of CAM to scientific scrutiny became the primary means of control. This analysis demonstrates the evolutionary process of professionalization, a process in which dominance is sustained through adaptation to structural change.
N2 - This research examines trends in coverage of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in five prestigious medical journals during a period of intense reorganization within medicine (1965-1999). Content analysis of a sample of documents (N=102) shows the medical profession responded to the growth of CAM in three distinct phases. During each phase, changes in the medical marketplace-such as relaxed medical licensing, the development of managed care, rising consumerism, and the establishment of the Office of Alternative Medicine-influenced the type of response in the journals. From the late 1960s to the early 1970s, during the condemnation phase, authors ridiculed, exaggerated the risks, and petitioned the state to contain CAM. In the reassessment phase (mid-1970s through early 1990s), increased consumer utilization of CAM prompted concern, and authors pondered whether patient dissatisfaction and shortcomings in conventional care contributed to this trend. Throughout the 1990s, in the integration phase, struggles to outlaw CAM were abandoned, physicians began learning to work around or administer CAM, and the subjugation of CAM to scientific scrutiny became the primary means of control. This analysis demonstrates the evolutionary process of professionalization, a process in which dominance is sustained through adaptation to structural change. SP - 38 EP - 61 SN - 00377791 UR - http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/4488108 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 8379 T1 - God, faith, and health : exploring the spirituality-healing connection CY - New York A1 - Levin,Jeffrey PB - J. Wiley PY - 2001/// SN - 9780471355038 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8380 T1 - God, Love, and Health: Findings from a Clinical Study JF - Review of Religious Research A1 - Levin,Jeff VL - 42 IS - 3 PY - 2001/03// N1 -This study identifies a significant health effect of a loving relationship with God. Based on work by Sorokin, an eight-item scale was developed and validated to assess what he termed religious love: the feeling of loving and being loved by God. Using a sample of 205 family practice outpatients, hierarchical OLS regression was used to investigate the effect of this construct on a standard self-rating of health. Several sets of factors were hypothesized to mediate the relationship between religious love and self-rated health: religious involvement, social resources, psychological resources, objective health status, and sociode-mographic factors. These effects were controlled for in six successive models. In the end, despite controlling for effects of 15 variables and scales that accounted for nearly 40% of the variance in self-rated health, the statistically significant association between religious love and self-rated health at baseline (β =.33, p <.001) remained strong, significant, and only marginally affected (β =.24, p < .05). These findings provide evidence that loving and being loved by God exerts a positive influence on perceptions of health.
N2 - This study identifies a significant health effect of a loving relationship with God. Based on work by Sorokin, an eight-item scale was developed and validated to assess what he termed religious love: the feeling of loving and being loved by God. Using a sample of 205 family practice outpatients, hierarchical OLS regression was used to investigate the effect of this construct on a standard self-rating of health. Several sets of factors were hypothesized to mediate the relationship between religious love and self-rated health: religious involvement, social resources, psychological resources, objective health status, and sociode-mographic factors. These effects were controlled for in six successive models. In the end, despite controlling for effects of 15 variables and scales that accounted for nearly 40% of the variance in self-rated health, the statistically significant association between religious love and self-rated health at baseline (β =.33, p <.001) remained strong, significant, and only marginally affected (β =.24, p < .05). These findings provide evidence that loving and being loved by God exerts a positive influence on perceptions of health. SP - 277 EP - 293 SN - 0034673X UR - http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/3512570 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 8381 T1 - Handbook of Religion and Health A1 - Koenig,Harold G. A1 - McCullough,Michael E. A1 - Larson,David B. PB - Oxford University Press PY - 2001/01/11/ N1 -This handbook reviews and discusses the extensive research on the relationships between religion and a variety of mental and physical health outcomes, including depression, anxiety, heart disease, hypertension, stroke, cancer, and immune system dysfunction. It critiques 1,200 separate studies and ranks them according to their methodology and results.
SN - 0195118669 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 8382 T1 - Handbook of Spirituality and Worldview in Clinical Practice CY - Washington, DC ED - Josephson,Allan M ED - Peteet,John R PB - American Psychiatric Pub., Inc PY - 2004/// N1 -This refreshing new work is a practical overview of religious and spiritual issues in psychiatric assessment and treatment. 11 distinguished contributors assert that everyone has a worldview and that these religious and spiritual variables can be collaborative partners of science, bringing critical insight to assessment and healing to treatment. Unlike other works in this field, which focus primarily on spiritual experience, this clearly written volume focuses on the cognitive aspects of belief—and how personal worldview affects the behavior of both patient and clinician. Informative case vignettes and discussions illustrate how assessment, formulation, and treatment principles can be incorporated within different worldviews, including practical clinical information on major faith traditions and on atheist and agnostic worldviews. This well-organized text sheds much-needed light on an area too often obscure to many clinicians, fostering a balanced integration of religion and spirituality in mental health training and practice. Bridging several disciplines in a novel way, this thought-provoking volume will find a diverse audience among mental health care students, educators, and professionals everywhere who seek to better integrate the religious and spiritual aspects of their patients’ lives into assessment and treatment.
KW - Mental Disorders KW - Psychiatry and religion KW - Psychotherapist and patient KW - Psychotherapy KW - Psychotherapy patients KW - Religion and Medicine KW - Religious aspects KW - RELIGIOUS life KW - SPIRITUAL life KW - spirituality KW - therapy SN - 1585621048 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8383 T1 - Improving the quality of spiritual care as a dimension of palliative care: the report of the Consensus Conference. JF - Journal of Palliative Medicine A1 - Pulchaski,C A1 - Ferrell,B A1 - Virani,R A1 - Otis-Green,S A1 - Baird,P A1 - Bull,J A1 - Chochinov,H A1 - Handzo,G A1 - Nelson-Becker,H A1 - Prince-Paul,M A1 - Pugliese,K A1 - Sulmasy,D VL - 12 IS - 10 PY - 2009/10// N1 -A Consensus Conference sponsored by the Archstone Foundation of Long Beach, California, was held February 17-18, 2009, in Pasadena, California. The Conference was based on the belief that spiritual care is a fundamental component of quality palliative care. This document and the conference recommendations it includes builds upon prior literature, the National Consensus Project Guidelines, and the National Quality Forum Preferred Practices and Conference proceedings.
N2 - A Consensus Conference sponsored by the Archstone Foundation of Long Beach, California, was held February 17-18, 2009, in Pasadena, California. The Conference was based on the belief that spiritual care is a fundamental component of quality palliative care. This document and the conference recommendations it includes builds upon prior literature, the National Consensus Project Guidelines, and the National Quality Forum Preferred Practices and Conference proceedings. SP - 855 EP - 904 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8384 T1 - Integrated Medicine: Imbues Orthodox Medicine With The Values Of Complementary Medicine JF - BMJ: British Medical Journal A1 - Rees,Lesley A1 - Weil,Andrew VL - 322 IS - 7279 PY - 2001/01/20/ SP - 119 EP - 120 SN - 09598138 UR - http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/25465997 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8385 T1 - Integrating spirituality and psychotherapy: ethical issues and principles to consider JF - Journal of Clinical Psychology JA - J Clin Psychol M3 - 10.1002/jclp.20383 A1 - Plante,Thomas G VL - 63 IS - 9 PY - 2007/09// N1 -Professional and scientific psychology appears to have rediscovered spirituality and religion during recent years, with a large number of conferences, seminars, workshops, books, and special issues in major professional journals on spirituality and psychology integration. The purpose of this commentary is to highlight some of the more compelling ethical principles and issues to consider in spirituality and psychology integration with a focus on psychotherapy. This commentary will use the American Psychological Association’s (2002) Ethics Code and more specifically, the RRICC model of ethics that readily applies to various mental health ethics codes across the world. The RRICC model highlights the ethical values of respect, responsibility, integrity, competence, and concern. Being thoughtful about ethical principles and possible dilemmas as well as getting appropriate training and ongoing consultation can greatly help the professional better navigate these challenging waters.
N2 - Professional and scientific psychology appears to have rediscovered spirituality and religion during recent years, with a large number of conferences, seminars, workshops, books, and special issues in major professional journals on spirituality and psychology integration. The purpose of this commentary is to highlight some of the more compelling ethical principles and issues to consider in spirituality and psychology integration with a focus on psychotherapy. This commentary will use the American Psychological Association's (2002) Ethics Code and more specifically, the RRICC model of ethics that readily applies to various mental health ethics codes across the world. The RRICC model highlights the ethical values of respect, responsibility, integrity, competence, and concern. Being thoughtful about ethical principles and possible dilemmas as well as getting appropriate training and ongoing consultation can greatly help the professional better navigate these challenging waters. KW - Clinical Competence KW - Ethics, Professional KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Models, Organizational KW - Psychotherapy KW - Religion and Psychology KW - Societies, Scientific KW - spirituality SP - 891 EP - 902 SN - 0021-9762 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17674403 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8386 T1 - Is a biopsychosocial-spiritual approach relevant to cancer treatment? A study of patients and oncology staff members on issues of complementary medicine and spirituality JF - Supportive Care in Cancer: Official Journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer JA - Support Care Cancer M3 - 10.1007/s00520-005-0866-8 A1 - Ben-Arye,Eran A1 - Bar-Sela,Gil A1 - Frenkel,Moshe A1 - Kuten,Abraham A1 - Hermoni,Doron VL - 14 IS - 2 PY - 2006/02// N1 -Background: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is increasingly being used by patients with cancer. Objectives Our aim is to compare the attitudes of cancer patients who use CAM to those of nonusers, on issues of CAM, biopsychosocial considerations, and spiritual needs. Methods: Questionnaires were administered to patients and medical care providers in a tertiary teaching hospital with a comprehensive cancer center. Results: Forty-nine percent of the study patients reported integrating CAM into their conventional care. Health care providers considered psychological and spiritual needs as major reasons for CAM use, while patients considered the familial-social aspect to be more important. Conclusions: Cancer patients do not correlate CAM use with spiritual concerns but expect their physicians to attend to spiritual themes. Health care providers involved in oncology cancer care should emphasize spiritual as well as CAM themes. The integration of these themes into a biopsychosocial-spiritual approach may enrich the dialogue between patients and health providers.
N2 - BACKGROUND: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is increasingly being used by patients with cancer. OBJECTIVES: Our aim is to compare the attitudes of cancer patients who use CAM to those of nonusers, on issues of CAM, biopsychosocial considerations, and spiritual needs. METHODS: Questionnaires were administered to patients and medical care providers in a tertiary teaching hospital with a comprehensive cancer center. RESULTS: Forty-nine percent of the study patients reported integrating CAM into their conventional care. Health care providers considered psychological and spiritual needs as major reasons for CAM use, while patients considered the familial-social aspect to be more important. CONCLUSIONS: Cancer patients do not correlate CAM use with spiritual concerns but expect their physicians to attend to spiritual themes. Health care providers involved in oncology cancer care should emphasize spiritual as well as CAM themes. The integration of these themes into a biopsychosocial-spiritual approach may enrich the dialogue between patients and health providers. KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Attitude to Health KW - Complementary Therapies KW - Female KW - Health Surveys KW - Hospitals, Teaching KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Neoplasms KW - spirituality SP - 147 EP - 152 SN - 0941-4355 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16133071 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8387 T1 - Mastery of the mind East and West: excellence in being and doing and everyday happiness JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences JA - Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci M3 - 10.1196/annals.1393.018 A1 - Brown,Daniel VL - 1172 PY - 2009/08// N1 -Western psychological research on positive psychology and Buddhism have recently converged in their emphasis on the development of positive states, like states of excellence and everyday happiness. Yet, these traditions differ in their approaches to positive states, with respect to a state-trait and doing-being distinction. Western scientific research on peak performance emphasizes discontinuous, time-limited peak performance states wherein individuals do things extraordinarily well in sports and in the arts. The Eastern spiritual traditions emphasize continuous excellence of being, in the form of traits or character strengths. In both traditions mental imagery is a key ingredient to excellence training. With respect to everyday happiness, Western psychological research has focused on the role of meaning systems in the transformation of flow states into vital engagement in everyday life, while Buddhism stresses the role of meditation training to gain mastery over all levels of mind that leads to everyday happiness. Rorschach and tachistoscopic research on advanced meditators suggests that advance meditators have gained unusual mastery over states of mind not yet documented in the Western psychological research on positive psychology.
N2 - Western psychological research on positive psychology and Buddhism have recently converged in their emphasis on the development of positive states, like states of excellence and everyday happiness. Yet, these traditions differ in their approaches to positive states, with respect to a state-trait and doing-being distinction. Western scientific research on peak performance emphasizes discontinuous, time-limited peak performance states wherein individuals do things extraordinarily well in sports and in the arts. The Eastern spiritual traditions emphasize continuous excellence of being, in the form of traits or character strengths. In both traditions mental imagery is a key ingredient to excellence training. With respect to everyday happiness, Western psychological research has focused on the role of meaning systems in the transformation of flow states into vital engagement in everyday life, while Buddhism stresses the role of meditation training to gain mastery over all levels of mind that leads to everyday happiness. Rorschach and tachistoscopic research on advanced meditators suggests that advance meditators have gained unusual mastery over states of mind not yet documented in the Western psychological research on positive psychology. SP - 231 EP - 251 SN - 1749-6632 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19743557 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8388 T1 - Medicine and spirituality: a simple path to restore compassion in medicine JF - South Dakota Journal of Medicine JA - S D J Med A1 - McVay,Michael R VL - 55 IS - 11 PY - 2002/11// N1 -Medical science has achieved impressive accomplishments in the diagnosis and treatment of human disease. However, the emphasis on science and technology has created a generation of physicians who find it difficult to relate to their patients about their suffering. Time constraints and economic pressures also add to the challenge of giving meaningful time to patients. Patients want to talk to their physician about their concerns, but surveys indicate that this is not being accomplished. Medical educators are developing curricula to teach how care can be given compassionately. This article reviews the importance of addressing spiritual care in medicine. Spirituality is defined and the spiritual history is explained. Research on the role of spirituality in health care is also reviewed. The role of the physician as a healer, attending to mind, body and spirit is encouraged.
N2 - Medical science has achieved impressive accomplishments in the diagnosis and treatment of human disease. However, the emphasis on science and technology has created a generation of physicians who find it difficult to relate to their patients about their suffering. Time constraints and economic pressures also add to the challenge of giving meaningful time to patients. Patients want to talk to their physician about their concerns, but surveys indicate that this is not being accomplished. Medical educators are developing curricula to teach how care can be given compassionately. This article reviews the importance of addressing spiritual care in medicine. Spirituality is defined and the spiritual history is explained. Research on the role of spirituality in health care is also reviewed. The role of the physician as a healer, attending to mind, body and spirit is encouraged. KW - Adaptation, Psychological KW - Holistic Health KW - Humans KW - Medical History Taking KW - NEEDS assessment KW - Pastoral Care KW - Physician's Role KW - Quality of Life KW - Religion and Medicine KW - spirituality KW - Treatment Outcome SP - 487 EP - 491 SN - 0038-3317 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12449590 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8389 T1 - Medicine, Spirituality, and Patient Care JF - Journal of the American Medical Association JA - JAMA M3 - 10.1001/jama.300.7.836 A1 - Fosarelli,Pat VL - 300 IS - 7 PY - 2008/08/20/ N1 -As a physician and pastoral theologian, and in my role as a teacher of medical, nursing, chaplaincy, and theology students, I am often asked (especially when speaking about the needs of seriously ill and dying patients), “Is spiritual care always an important part of medical care? If yes, who should assess the need for it?” Religion is defined as “the service and worship of God or the supernatural; a personal set or institutionalized system of religious attitudes, beliefs, and practices”; and spirituality is defined as “the quality or state of being spiritual” (with spiritual meaning “of or relating to sacred matters”).1 In most individuals’ estimation, religion tends to be associated with formal practices and rules that connect a person to the sacred. Because spirituality is not usually based on human-made laws of reason or logic, it is often described as the nonlogical or nonrational...
N2 - As a physician and pastoral theologian, and in my role as a teacher of medical, nursing, chaplaincy, and theology students, I am often asked (especially when speaking about the needs of seriously ill and dying patients), "Is spiritual care always an important part of medical care? If yes, who should assess the need for it?" Religion is defined as "the service and worship of God or the supernatural; a personal set or institutionalized system of religious attitudes, beliefs, and practices"; and spirituality is defined as "the quality or state of being spiritual" (with spiritual meaning "of or relating to sacred matters").1 In most individuals' estimation, religion tends to be associated with formal practices and rules that connect a person to the sacred. Because spirituality is not usually based on human-made laws of reason or logic, it is often described as the nonlogical or nonrational... SP - 836 EP - 838 UR - http://jama.ama-assn.org.ezproxy.bu.edu ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8390 T1 - Mind-body interventions: Applications in neurology JF - Neurology M3 - 10.1212/01.wnl.0000314667.16386.5e A1 - Wahbeh,Helane A1 - Elsas,Siegward-M A1 - Oken,Barry S. VL - 70 IS - 24 PY - 2008/06/10/ N1 -Objective: Half of the adults in the United States use complementary and alternative medicine with mind-body therapy being the most commonly used form. Neurology patients often turn to their physicians for insight into the effectiveness of the therapies and resources to integrate them into their care. The objective of this article is to give a clinical overview of mind-body interventions and their applications in neurology. Methods: Medline and PsychInfo were searched on mind-body therapies and neurologic disease search terms for clinical trials and reviews and published evidence was graded. Results: Meditation, relaxation, and breathing techniques, yoga, tai chi, and qigong, hypnosis, and biofeedback are described. Mind-body therapy application to general pain, back and neck pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, headaches, fibromyalgia, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, muscular dysfunction, stroke, aging, Parkinson disease, stroke, and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder are reviewed. Conclusions: There are several conditions where the evidence for mind-body therapies is quite strong such as migraine headache. Mind-body therapies for other neurology applications have limited evidence due mostly to small clinical trials and inadequate control groups.
N2 - Objective: Half of the adults in the United States use complementary and alternative medicine with mind-body therapy being the most commonly used form. Neurology patients often turn to their physicians for insight into the effectiveness of the therapies and resources to integrate them into their care. The objective of this article is to give a clinical overview of mind-body interventions and their applications in neurology. Methods: Medline and PsychInfo were searched on mind-body therapies and neurologic disease search terms for clinical trials and reviews and published evidence was graded. Results: Meditation, relaxation, and breathing techniques, yoga, tai chi, and qigong, hypnosis, and biofeedback are described. Mind-body therapy application to general pain, back and neck pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, headaches, fibromyalgia, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, muscular dysfunction, stroke, aging, Parkinson disease, stroke, and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder are reviewed. Conclusions: There are several conditions where the evidence for mind-body therapies is quite strong such as migraine headache. Mind-body therapies for other neurology applications have limited evidence due mostly to small clinical trials and inadequate control groups. SP - 2321 EP - 2328 UR - http://www.neurology.org/cgi/content/abstract/70/24/2321 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8391 T1 - Mind-Body Medicine: State of the Science, Implications for Practice JF - Journal of the American Board of Family Practice M3 - 10.3122/jabfm.16.2.131 A1 - Astin,John A. A1 - Shapiro,Shauna L. A1 - Eisenberg,David M. A1 - Forys,Kelly L. VL - 16 IS - 2 PY - 2003/03/01/ N1 -Background: Although emerging evidence during the past several decades suggests that psychosocial factors can directly influence both physiologic function and health outcomes, medicine had failed to move beyond the biomedical model, in part because of lack of exposure to the evidence base supporting the biopsychosocial model. The literature was reviewed to examine the efficacy of representative psychosocial-mind-body interventions, including relaxation, (cognitive) behavioral therapies, meditation, imagery, biofeedback, and hypnosis for several common clinical conditions. Methods: An electronic search was undertaken of the MEDLINE, PsycLIT, and the Cochrane Library databases and a manual search of the reference sections of relevant articles for related clinical trials and reviews of the literature. Studies examining mind-body interventions for psychological disorders were excluded. Owing to space limitations, studies examining more body-based therapies, such as yoga and tai chi chuan, were also not included. Data were extracted from relevant systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled trials. Results: Drawing principally from systematic reviews and meta-analyses, there is considerable evidence of efficacy for several mind-body therapies in the treatment of coronary artery disease (eg, cardiac rehabilitation), headaches, insomnia, incontinence, chronic low back pain, disease and treatment-related symptoms of cancer, and improving postsurgical outcomes. We found moderate evidence of efficacy for mind-body therapies in the areas of hypertension and arthritis. Additional research is required to clarify the relative efficacy of different mind-body therapies, factors (such as specific patient characteristics) that might predict more or less successful outcomes, and mechanisms of action. Research is also necessary to examine the cost offsets associated with mind-body therapies. Conclusions: There is now considerable evidence that an array of mind-body therapies can be used as effective adjuncts to conventional medical treatment for a number of common clinical conditions.
N2 - Background: Although emerging evidence during the past several decades suggests that psychosocial factors can directly influence both physiologic function and health outcomes, medicine had failed to move beyond the biomedical model, in part because of lack of exposure to the evidence base supporting the biopsychosocial model. The literature was reviewed to examine the efficacy of representative psychosocial-mind-body interventions, including relaxation, (cognitive) behavioral therapies, meditation, imagery, biofeedback, and hypnosis for several common clinical conditions. Methods: An electronic search was undertaken of the MEDLINE, PsycLIT, and the Cochrane Library databases and a manual search of the reference sections of relevant articles for related clinical trials and reviews of the literature. Studies examining mind-body interventions for psychological disorders were excluded. Owing to space limitations, studies examining more body-based therapies, such as yoga and tai chi chuan, were also not included. Data were extracted from relevant systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled trials. Results: Drawing principally from systematic reviews and meta-analyses, there is considerable evidence of efficacy for several mind-body therapies in the treatment of coronary artery disease (eg, cardiac rehabilitation), headaches, insomnia, incontinence, chronic low back pain, disease and treatment-related symptoms of cancer, and improving postsurgical outcomes. We found moderate evidence of efficacy for mind-body therapies in the areas of hypertension and arthritis. Additional research is required to clarify the relative efficacy of different mind-body therapies, factors (such as specific patient characteristics) that might predict more or less successful outcomes, and mechanisms of action. Research is also necessary to examine the cost offsets associated with mind-body therapies. Conclusions: There is now considerable evidence that an array of mind-body therapies can be used as effective adjuncts to conventional medical treatment for a number of common clinical conditions. SP - 131 EP - 147 UR - http://www.jabfm.org/cgi/content/abstract/16/2/131 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8392 T1 - Mindfulness in Medicine JF - Journal of the American Medical Association JA - JAMA M3 - 10.1001/jama.300.11.1350 A1 - Ludwig,David S. A1 - Kabat-Zinn,Jon VL - 300 IS - 11 PY - 2008/09/17/ N1 -Mindfulness refers to a meditation practice that cultivates present moment awareness. In the past 30 years, interest in the therapeutic uses of mindfulness has increased, with more than 70 scientific articles on the topic published in 2007. Meditation practices, including mindfulness, have come to the attention of neuroscientists investigating consciousness and affect regulation through mental training and to psychotherapists interested in personal development and interpersonal relationships. In this Commentary, we define mindfulness, consider possible mechanisms, explore clinical applications, and identify challenges to the field.
N2 - Mindfulness refers to a meditation practice that cultivates present moment awareness. In the past 30 years, interest in the therapeutic uses of mindfulness has increased, with more than 70 scientific articles on the topic published in 2007. Meditation practices, including mindfulness, have come to the attention of neuroscientists investigating consciousness and affect regulation through mental training and to psychotherapists interested in personal development and interpersonal relationships. In this Commentary, we define mindfulness, consider possible mechanisms, explore clinical applications, and identify challenges to the field. SP - 1350 EP - 1352 UR - http://jama.ama-assn.org ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8393 T1 - Mindfulness in Thailand and the United States: a case of apples versus oranges? JF - Journal of Clinical Psychology JA - J Clin Psychol M3 - 10.1002/jclp.20580 A1 - Christopher,Michael S A1 - Charoensuk,Sukjai A1 - Gilbert,Brennan D A1 - Neary,Timothy J A1 - Pearce,Kelly L VL - 65 IS - 6 PY - 2009/06// N1 -The study and practice of mindfulness is rapidly expanding in Western psychology. Recently developed self-report measures of mindfulness were derived from Western operationalizations and cross-cultural validation of many of these measures is lacking, particularly in Buddhist cultures. Therefore, this study examined the measurement equivalence of the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS) and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) among Thai (n=385) and American (n=365) college students. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis models fit to the data revealed that the KIMS lacked configural invariance across groups, which precluded subsequent invariance tests, and although the MAAS demonstrated configural, metric, and partial scalar invariance, there was no significant latent mean MAAS difference between Thais and Americans. These findings suggest that Eastern and Western conceptualizations of mindfulness may have important differences.
N2 - The study and practice of mindfulness is rapidly expanding in Western psychology. Recently developed self-report measures of mindfulness were derived from Western operationalizations and cross-cultural validation of many of these measures is lacking, particularly in Buddhist cultures. Therefore, this study examined the measurement equivalence of the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS) and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) among Thai (n=385) and American (n=365) college students. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis models fit to the data revealed that the KIMS lacked configural invariance across groups, which precluded subsequent invariance tests, and although the MAAS demonstrated configural, metric, and partial scalar invariance, there was no significant latent mean MAAS difference between Thais and Americans. These findings suggest that Eastern and Western conceptualizations of mindfulness may have important differences. KW - Attention KW - Awareness KW - Buddhism KW - Cross-Cultural Comparison KW - Factor Analysis, Statistical KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Meditation KW - Models, Psychological KW - Questionnaires KW - Self Assessment (Psychology) KW - Self Concept KW - Thailand KW - United States KW - Young Adult SP - 590 EP - 612 SN - 1097-4679 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19358288 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8394 T1 - Muslim women's experiences with health care providers in a rural area of the United States JF - Journal of Transcultural Nursing JA - J Transcult Nurs M3 - 10.1177/1043659607309146 A1 - Simpson,Jennifer L A1 - Carter,Kimberly VL - 19 IS - 1 PY - 2008/01// N1 -This study used phenomenology to explore the experience of Muslim women through descriptions of their encounters with health care providers in a rural area. Participants (N = 7) were eligible for inclusion if the foreign-born woman had lived in the area for at least 2 years, had interaction with a health care provider within the last 6 months, and was able to articulate her experience either in English or through a interpreter. Data were recorded, transcribed, coded, and analyzed for the emergence of reoccurring themes, employing decision trails. Constant comparative analysis was used to promote the integrity of the data. Three themes were identified: (1) perceived power of the provider, (2) religiously defined gender relations, and (3) being a stranger in the U.S. healthcare system. Education of the Muslim patient and the provider is needed to increase health care satisfaction and use by rural Muslim women.
N2 - This study used phenomenology to explore the experience of Muslim women through descriptions of their encounters with health care providers in a rural area. Participants (N = 7) were eligible for inclusion if the foreign-born woman had lived in the area for at least 2 years, had interaction with a health care provider within the last 6 months, and was able to articulate her experience either in English or through a interpreter. Data were recorded, transcribed, coded, and analyzed for the emergence of reoccurring themes, employing decision trails. Constant comparative analysis was used to promote the integrity of the data. Three themes were identified: (1) perceived power of the provider, (2) religiously defined gender relations, and (3) being a stranger in the U.S. healthcare system. Education of the Muslim patient and the provider is needed to increase health care satisfaction and use by rural Muslim women. KW - Acculturation KW - Adult KW - Assertiveness KW - Attitude of Health Personnel KW - Attitude to Health KW - Clinical Competence KW - Communication Barriers KW - Cooperative Behavior KW - Cultural Competency KW - Female KW - Gender Identity KW - Health Services Needs and Demand KW - Humans KW - ISLAM KW - Nursing Methodology Research KW - Patient Education as Topic KW - Power (Psychology) KW - Professional Role KW - Professional-Patient Relations KW - Qualitative Research KW - Questionnaires KW - Rural Health Services KW - Southeastern United States KW - WOMEN SP - 16 EP - 23 SN - 1043-6596 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/18165422 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8395 T1 - Optimizing learning and quality of life throughout the lifespan: a global framework for research and application JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences JA - Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci M3 - 10.1196/annals.1393.006 A1 - Loizzo,Joseph VL - 1172 PY - 2009/08// N1 -This overview surveys the new optimism about the aging mind/brain, focusing on the potential for self-regulation practices to advance research in stress-protection and optimal health. It reviews recent findings and offers a research framework. The review links the age-related biology of stress and regeneration to the variability of mind/brain function found under a range of conditions from trauma to enrichment. The framework maps this variation along a biphasic continuum from atrophic dysfunction to peak performance. It adopts the concept of allostatic load as a measure of the wear-and-tear caused by stress, and environmental enrichment as a measure of the use-dependent enhancement caused by positive reinforcement. It frames the dissociation, aversive affect and stereotyped reactions linked with stress as cognitive, affective and behavioral forms of allostatic drag; and the association, positive affect, and creative responses in enrichment as forms of allostatic lift. It views the human mind/brain as a heterarchy of higher intelligence systems that shift between a conservative, egocentric mode heightening self-preservation and memory and a generative, altruistic mode heightening self-correction and learning. Cultural practices like meditation and psychotherapy work by teaching the self-regulation of shifts from the conservative to the generative mode. This involves a systems shift from allostatic drag to allostatic lift, minimizing wear-and-tear and optimizing plasticity and learning. For cultural practices to speed research and application, a universal typology is needed. This framework includes a typology aligning current brain models of stress and learning with traditional Indo-Tibetan models of meditative stress-cessation and learning enrichment.
N2 - This overview surveys the new optimism about the aging mind/brain, focusing on the potential for self-regulation practices to advance research in stress-protection and optimal health. It reviews recent findings and offers a research framework. The review links the age-related biology of stress and regeneration to the variability of mind/brain function found under a range of conditions from trauma to enrichment. The framework maps this variation along a biphasic continuum from atrophic dysfunction to peak performance. It adopts the concept of allostatic load as a measure of the wear-and-tear caused by stress, and environmental enrichment as a measure of the use-dependent enhancement caused by positive reinforcement. It frames the dissociation, aversive affect and stereotyped reactions linked with stress as cognitive, affective and behavioral forms of allostatic drag; and the association, positive affect, and creative responses in enrichment as forms of allostatic lift. It views the human mind/brain as a heterarchy of higher intelligence systems that shift between a conservative, egocentric mode heightening self-preservation and memory and a generative, altruistic mode heightening self-correction and learning. Cultural practices like meditation and psychotherapy work by teaching the self-regulation of shifts from the conservative to the generative mode. This involves a systems shift from allostatic drag to allostatic lift, minimizing wear-and-tear and optimizing plasticity and learning. For cultural practices to speed research and application, a universal typology is needed. This framework includes a typology aligning current brain models of stress and learning with traditional Indo-Tibetan models of meditative stress-cessation and learning enrichment. KW - Aging KW - Allostasis KW - Brain KW - Cognition KW - Health promotion KW - Humans KW - Quality of Life KW - Research KW - Self Care SP - 186 EP - 198 SN - 1749-6632 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19743554 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8396 T1 - Patient perspectives on spirituality and the patient-physician relationship JF - Journal of General Internal Medicine JA - J Gen Intern Med A1 - Hebert,R S A1 - Jenckes,M W A1 - Ford,D E A1 - O'Connor,D R A1 - Cooper,L A VL - 16 IS - 10 PY - 2001/10// N1 -Objective: To identify the preferences and concerns of seriously ill patients about discussing religious and spiritual beliefs with physicians. Design: Three focus group discussions with patients who had experienced a recent life-threatening illness. Discussions were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and reviewed independently by two investigators to identify discrete comments for grouping into domains. A third investigator adjudicated differences in opinion. Comments were then independently reviewed for relevance and consistency by a health services researcher and a pastoral counselor. Setting: Academic medical center. Patricipants: Referred sample of 22 patients hospitalized with a recent life-threatening illness. Measurements and Main Results: Almost all of the 562 comments could be grouped into one of five broad domains: 1) religiosity/spirituality, 2) prayer, 3) patient-physician relationship, 4) religious/spiritual conversations, and 5) recommendations to physicians. God, prayer, and spiritual beliefs were often mentioned as sources of comfort, support, and healing. All participants stressed the importance of physician empathy. Willingness to participate in spiritual discussions with doctors was closely tied to the patient-physician relationship. Although divided on the proper context, patients agreed that physicians must have strong interpersonal skills for discussions to be fruitful. Physician-initiated conversation without a strong patient-physician relationship was viewed as inappropriate and as implying a poor prognosis. Conclusion: Religion and spirituality are a source of comfort for many patients. Although not necessarily expecting physicians to discuss spirituality, patients want physicians to ask about coping and support mechanisms. This exploratory study suggests that if patients then disclose the importance of spiritual beliefs in their lives, they would like physicians to respect these values.
N2 - OBJECTIVE: To identify the preferences and concerns of seriously ill patients about discussing religious and spiritual beliefs with physicians. DESIGN: Three focus group discussions with patients who had experienced a recent life-threatening illness. Discussions were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and reviewed independently by two investigators to identify discrete comments for grouping into domains. A third investigator adjudicated differences in opinion. Comments were then independently reviewed for relevance and consistency by a health services researcher and a pastoral counselor. SETTING: Academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS: Referred sample of 22 patients hospitalized with a recent life-threatening illness. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Almost all of the 562 comments could be grouped into one of five broad domains: 1) religiosity/spirituality, 2) prayer, 3) patient-physician relationship, 4) religious/spiritual conversations, and 5) recommendations to physicians. God, prayer, and spiritual beliefs were often mentioned as sources of comfort, support, and healing. All participants stressed the importance of physician empathy. Willingness to participate in spiritual discussions with doctors was closely tied to the patient-physician relationship. Although divided on the proper context, patients agreed that physicians must have strong interpersonal skills for discussions to be fruitful. Physician-initiated conversation without a strong patient-physician relationship was viewed as inappropriate and as implying a poor prognosis. CONCLUSION: Religion and spirituality are a source of comfort for many patients. Although not necessarily expecting physicians to discuss spirituality, patients want physicians to ask about coping and support mechanisms. This exploratory study suggests that if patients then disclose the importance of spiritual beliefs in their lives, they would like physicians to respect these values. KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Attitude KW - Communication KW - Female KW - Focus Groups KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - PATIENTS KW - Physician-Patient Relations KW - Spiritualism SP - 685 EP - 692 SN - 0884-8734 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11679036 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8397 T1 - Patient preference for physician discussion and practice of spirituality JF - Journal of General Internal Medicine JA - J Gen Intern Med A1 - MacLean,Charles D A1 - Susi,Beth A1 - Phifer,Nancy A1 - Schultz,Linda A1 - Bynum,Deborah A1 - Franco,Mark A1 - Klioze,Andria A1 - Monroe,Michael A1 - Garrett,Joanne A1 - Cykert,Sam VL - 18 IS - 1 PY - 2003/01// N1 -Objective: To determine patient preferences for addressing religion and spirituality in the medical encounter. Design: Multicenter survey verbally administered by trained research assistants. Survey items included questions on demographics, health status, health care utilization, functional status, spiritual well-being, and patient preference for religious/spiritual involvement in their own medical encounters and in hypothetical medical situations. Setting: Primary care clinics of 6 academic medical centers in 3 states (NC, Fla, Vt). Patients/Patricipants: Patients 18 years of age and older who were systematically selected from the waiting rooms of their primary care physicians. Measurements and main results: Four hundred fifty-six patients participated in the study. One third of patients wanted to be asked about their religious beliefs during a routine office visit. Two thirds felt that physicians should be aware of their religious or spiritual beliefs. Patient agreement with physician spiritual interaction increased strongly with the severity of the illness setting, with 19% patient agreement with physician prayer in a routine office visit, 29% agreement in a hospitalized setting, and 50% agreement in a near-death scenario (P <.001). Patient interest in religious or spiritual interaction decreased when the intensity of the interaction moved from a simple discussion of spiritual issues (33% agree) to physician silent prayer (28% agree) to physician prayer with a patient (19% agree; P <.001). Ten percent of patients were willing to give up time spent on medical issues in an office visit setting to discuss religious/spiritual issues with their physician. After controlling for age, gender, marital status, education, spirituality score, and health care utilization, African-American subjects were more likely to accept this time trade-off (odds ratio, 4.9; confidence interval, 2.1 to 11.7). Conclusion: Physicians should be aware that a substantial minority of patients desire spiritual interaction in routine office visits. When asked about specific prayer behaviors across a range of clinical scenarios, patient desire for spiritual interaction increased with increasing severity of illness setting and decreased when referring to more-intense spiritual interactions. For most patients, the routine office visit may not be the optimal setting for a physician-patient spiritual dialog.
N2 - OBJECTIVE: To determine patient preferences for addressing religion and spirituality in the medical encounter. DESIGN: Multicenter survey verbally administered by trained research assistants. Survey items included questions on demographics, health status, health care utilization, functional status, spiritual well-being, and patient preference for religious/spiritual involvement in their own medical encounters and in hypothetical medical situations. SETTING: Primary care clinics of 6 academic medical centers in 3 states (NC, Fla, Vt). PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS: Patients 18 years of age and older who were systematically selected from the waiting rooms of their primary care physicians. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Four hundred fifty-six patients participated in the study. One third of patients wanted to be asked about their religious beliefs during a routine office visit. Two thirds felt that physicians should be aware of their religious or spiritual beliefs. Patient agreement with physician spiritual interaction increased strongly with the severity of the illness setting, with 19% patient agreement with physician prayer in a routine office visit, 29% agreement in a hospitalized setting, and 50% agreement in a near-death scenario (P <.001). Patient interest in religious or spiritual interaction decreased when the intensity of the interaction moved from a simple discussion of spiritual issues (33% agree) to physician silent prayer (28% agree) to physician prayer with a patient (19% agree; P <.001). Ten percent of patients were willing to give up time spent on medical issues in an office visit setting to discuss religious/spiritual issues with their physician. After controlling for age, gender, marital status, education, spirituality score, and health care utilization, African-American subjects were more likely to accept this time trade-off (odds ratio, 4.9; confidence interval, 2.1 to 11.7). CONCLUSION: Physicians should be aware that a substantial minority of patients desire spiritual interaction in routine office visits. When asked about specific prayer behaviors across a range of clinical scenarios, patient desire for spiritual interaction increased with increasing severity of illness setting and decreased when referring to more-intense spiritual interactions. For most patients, the routine office visit may not be the optimal setting for a physician-patient spiritual dialog. KW - African Americans KW - Female KW - Health Care Surveys KW - Humans KW - Internal Medicine KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Physician-Patient Relations KW - Physician's Role KW - Questionnaires KW - religion KW - spirituality SP - 38 EP - 43 SN - 0884-8734 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12534762 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8398 T1 - Pediatric oncologists' views toward the use of complementary and alternative medicine in children with cancer JF - Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology JA - J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol M3 - 10.1097/MPH.0b013e3181984f5a A1 - Roth,Michael A1 - Lin,Juan A1 - Kim,Mimi A1 - Moody,Karen VL - 31 IS - 3 PY - 2009/03// N1 -Background: Pediatric oncology patients commonly use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), yet approximately only 50% of these patients discuss CAM with their oncologist. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess barriers to CAM communication in pediatric oncology. DESIGN/Methods: A 33-question survey was sent via electronic mail to 358 pediatric oncologists in the United States. Results: Ninety pediatric oncologists completed the survey. Ninety-nine percent of pediatric oncologists think it is important to know what CAM therapies their patients use. However, less than half of pediatric oncologists routinely ask their patients about CAM. This is primarily because of a lack of time and knowledge. Many physicians think some forms of CAM may improve quality of life, such as massage (74%) and yoga (57%). Over half of physicians thought that dietary supplements, herbal medicine, special diets, vitamins, and chiropractic might be harmful to patients. Conclusions: Pediatric oncologists believe it is important to know which CAM therapies their patients use; however, they are not asking about them owing to lack of time and knowledge. To improve communication about CAM, increased physician education is needed. In addition, physicians should identify patients using potentially harmful CAM therapies. Furthermore, CAM research in pediatric oncology should focus on those modalities physicians believe may improve patient quality of life.
N2 - BACKGROUND: Pediatric oncology patients commonly use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), yet approximately only 50% of these patients discuss CAM with their oncologist. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess barriers to CAM communication in pediatric oncology. DESIGN/METHODS: A 33-question survey was sent via electronic mail to 358 pediatric oncologists in the United States. RESULTS: Ninety pediatric oncologists completed the survey. Ninety-nine percent of pediatric oncologists think it is important to know what CAM therapies their patients use. However, less than half of pediatric oncologists routinely ask their patients about CAM. This is primarily because of a lack of time and knowledge. Many physicians think some forms of CAM may improve quality of life, such as massage (74%) and yoga (57%). Over half of physicians thought that dietary supplements, herbal medicine, special diets, vitamins, and chiropractic might be harmful to patients. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric oncologists believe it is important to know which CAM therapies their patients use; however, they are not asking about them owing to lack of time and knowledge. To improve communication about CAM, increased physician education is needed. In addition, physicians should identify patients using potentially harmful CAM therapies. Furthermore, CAM research in pediatric oncology should focus on those modalities physicians believe may improve patient quality of life. KW - Child KW - Communication Barriers KW - Complementary Therapies KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Medical Oncology KW - Neoplasms KW - Pediatrics KW - Physician-Patient Relations KW - Questionnaires SP - 177 EP - 182 SN - 1536-3678 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19262243 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8399 T1 - Pediatrician characteristics associated with attention to spirituality and religion in clinical practice JF - Pediatrics JA - Pediatrics M3 - 10.1542/peds.2006-0642 A1 - Grossoehme,Daniel H A1 - Ragsdale,Judith R A1 - McHenry,Christine L A1 - Thurston,Celia A1 - DeWitt,Thomas A1 - VandeCreek,Larry VL - 119 IS - 1 PY - 2007/01// N1 -Objective: The literature suggests that a majority of pediatricians believe that spirituality and religion are relevant in clinical practice, but only a minority gives them attention. This project explored this disparity by relating personal/professional characteristics of pediatricians to the frequency with which they give attention to spirituality and religion. Methods: Pediatricians (N = 737) associated with 3 academic Midwestern pediatric hospitals responded to a survey that requested information concerning the frequency with which they (1) talked with patients/families about their spiritual and religious concerns and (2) participated with them in spiritual or religious practices (eg, prayer). The associations between these data and 10 personal and professional characteristics were examined. Results: The results demonstrated the disparity, and the analysis identified 9 pediatrician characteristics that were significantly associated with more frequently talking with patients/families about their spiritual and religious concerns. The characteristics included increased age; a Christian religious heritage; self-description as religious; self-description as spiritual; the importance of one’s own spirituality and religion in clinical practice; the belief that the spirituality and religion of patients/families are relevant in clinical practice; formal instruction concerning the role of spirituality and religion in health care; relative comfort asking about beliefs; and relative comfort asking about practices. All of these characteristics except pediatrician age were also significantly associated with the increased frequency of participation in spiritual and religious practices with patients/families. Conclusions: Attention to spiritual and religious concerns and practices are associated with a web of personal and professional pediatrician characteristics. Some characteristics pertain to the physician’s personal investment in spirituality and religion in their own lives, and others include being uncomfortable with spiritual and religious concerns and practices. These associations shed light on the disparity between acknowledged spirituality and religion relevancy and inattention to it in clinical practice.
N2 - OBJECTIVE: The literature suggests that a majority of pediatricians believe that spirituality and religion are relevant in clinical practice, but only a minority gives them attention. This project explored this disparity by relating personal/professional characteristics of pediatricians to the frequency with which they give attention to spirituality and religion. METHODS: Pediatricians (N = 737) associated with 3 academic Midwestern pediatric hospitals responded to a survey that requested information concerning the frequency with which they (1) talked with patients/families about their spiritual and religious concerns and (2) participated with them in spiritual or religious practices (eg, prayer). The associations between these data and 10 personal and professional characteristics were examined. RESULTS: The results demonstrated the disparity, and the analysis identified 9 pediatrician characteristics that were significantly associated with more frequently talking with patients/families about their spiritual and religious concerns. The characteristics included increased age; a Christian religious heritage; self-description as religious; self-description as spiritual; the importance of one's own spirituality and religion in clinical practice; the belief that the spirituality and religion of patients/families are relevant in clinical practice; formal instruction concerning the role of spirituality and religion in health care; relative comfort asking about beliefs; and relative comfort asking about practices. All of these characteristics except pediatrician age were also significantly associated with the increased frequency of participation in spiritual and religious practices with patients/families. CONCLUSIONS: Attention to spiritual and religious concerns and practices are associated with a web of personal and professional pediatrician characteristics. Some characteristics pertain to the physician's personal investment in spirituality and religion in their own lives, and others include being uncomfortable with spiritual and religious concerns and practices. These associations shed light on the disparity between acknowledged spirituality and religion relevancy and inattention to it in clinical practice. KW - Adult KW - Communication KW - Humans KW - Middle Aged KW - Pediatrics KW - Professional-Family Relations KW - Questionnaires KW - Religion and Medicine KW - spirituality SP - e117-123 EP - e117-123 SN - 1098-4275 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17200236 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8400 T1 - Placing Religion and Spirituality in End-of-Life Care JF - JAMA M3 - 10.1001/jama.284.19.2514 A1 - Daaleman,Timothy P. A1 - VandeCreek,Larry VL - 284 IS - 19 PY - 2000/11/15/ N1 - @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }In 1995, the SUPPORT (Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatment) trial stimulated a reexamination of systems of care for seriously ill and dying patients.1 This study has accelerated efforts to improve end-of-life care and has indirectly promoted a rapprochement among religion, spirituality, medicine, and health care.2 The goal of a quality comfortable death is achieved by meeting a patient’s physical needs and by attending to the social, psychological, and the now recognized spiritual and religious dimensions of care.3-4 This perspective is highlighted in a recent consensus statement that includes the assessment and support of spiritual and religious well-being and management of spiritual and religious problems as core principles of professional practice and care at the end of life.5 Yet multiple ethical and pragmatic issues arise. For example, should physicians identify patients’ spiritual and religious needs and intervene in clinical settings? The roles and responsibilities of patients and physicians in this scenario are unclear. An understanding of religion and spirituality within the context of end-of-life care, quality of life, and patient-clinician interactions may illuminate the problems and potentialities for both patients and clinicians.
N2 - In 1995, the SUPPORT (Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatment) trial stimulated a reexamination of systems of care for seriously ill and dying patients.1 This study has accelerated efforts to improve end-of-life care and has indirectly promoted a rapprochement among religion, spirituality, medicine, and health care.2 The goal of a quality comfortable death is achieved by meeting a patient's physical needs and by attending to the social, psychological, and the now recognized spiritual and religious dimensions of care.3-4 This perspective is highlighted in a recent consensus statement that includes the assessment and support of spiritual and religious well-being and management of spiritual and religious problems as core principles of professional practice and care at the end of life.5 Yet multiple ethical and pragmatic issues arise. For example, should physicians identify patients' spiritual and religious needs and intervene in clinical settings? The roles and responsibilities of patients and physicians in this scenario are unclear. An understanding of religion and spirituality within the context of end-of-life care, quality of life, and patient-clinician interactions may illuminate the problems and potentialities for both patients and clinicians. SP - 2514 EP - 2517 UR - http://jama.ama-assn.org ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8401 T1 - Political bias, moral values, and spirituality in the training of psychotherapists JF - Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic JA - Bull Menninger Clin A1 - Aponte,H J VL - 60 IS - 4 PY - 1996/// N1 -
Today psychotherapists face a challenge quite different from Karl Menninger’s early efforts to foster an understanding between the new science of psychiatry and traditional religion. Today the mental health sciences are struggling with the contradictions and conflicts about society’s values and spirituality that are currently vexing us all. The challenge today for psychotherapists is how to address values and spirituality professionally, ethically, and usefully in our work. This article looks at the scope of the task of training psychotherapists to work with values and spirituality in today’s climate of amorphous values and culture wars.
N2 - Today psychotherapists face a challenge quite different from Karl Menninger's early efforts to foster an understanding between the new science of psychiatry and traditional religion. Today the mental health sciences are struggling with the contradictions and conflicts about society's values and spirituality that are currently vexing us all. The challenge today for psychotherapists is how to address values and spirituality professionally, ethically, and usefully in our work. This article looks at the scope of the task of training psychotherapists to work with values and spirituality in today's climate of amorphous values and culture wars. KW - Humans KW - Psychiatry KW - Psychotherapy KW - Religion and Psychology KW - Social Values SP - 488 EP - 502 SN - 0025-9284 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9009377 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8402 T1 - Practicing a medicine of the whole person: an opportunity for healing JF - Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America JA - Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am M3 - 10.1016/j.hoc.2008.04.001 A1 - Remen,Rachel Naomi VL - 22 IS - 4 PY - 2008/08// N1 -Integrative medicine has been defined in several ways. For some it is a discipline that combines such approaches to the resolution of disease as acupuncture and homeopathy, meditation and imagery with more familiar and accepted health practices, such as surgery, pediatrics, and oncology. For others it is about cultivating awareness and sensitivity beyond symptoms to the mental, emotional, and spiritual needs of the patient. But, integrative medicine is more than the weaving together of techniques, or understanding the intimate interaction of the mental, emotional, and spiritual dimensions of human experience. It is about rethinking the task of medicine and the infrastructure of relationships and beliefs that have limited its power to serve all people.
N2 - Integrative medicine has been defined in several ways. For some it is a discipline that combines such approaches to the resolution of disease as acupuncture and homeopathy, meditation and imagery with more familiar and accepted health practices, such as surgery, pediatrics, and oncology. For others it is about cultivating awareness and sensitivity beyond symptoms to the mental, emotional, and spiritual needs of the patient. But, integrative medicine is more than the weaving together of techniques, or understanding the intimate interaction of the mental, emotional, and spiritual dimensions of human experience. It is about rethinking the task of medicine and the infrastructure of relationships and beliefs that have limited its power to serve all people. KW - Adult KW - Attitude of Health Personnel KW - Attitude to Health KW - Diabetes Mellitus KW - Female KW - Holistic Health KW - Humans KW - Love KW - Male KW - Medical Oncology KW - Neoplasms KW - PATIENTS KW - Physician-Patient Relations KW - Physicians SP - 767-773, x EP - 767-773, x SN - 0889-8588 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/18638701 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8403 T1 - Prayer in medicine: a survey of primary care physicians JF - Journal of the Mississippi State Medical Association JA - J Miss State Med Assoc A1 - Wilson,K A1 - Lipscomb,L D A1 - Ward,K A1 - Replogle,W H A1 - Hill,K VL - 41 IS - 12 PY - 2000/12// N1 -Prayer and spirituality have been shown to have a significant impact on several health variables. Additionally, studies have shown that patients think prayer is important to their health. Very little research, however, has been done to determine primary care physicians’ opinions regarding prayer and spirituality as it pertains to healthcare. We surveyed primary care physicians in Mississippi to assess their use of prayer in medical practice. Ninety-one percent of respondents considered prayer an important treatment modality, but 50.6% rarely or never discussed prayer with patients. Most who excluded prayer from clinical practice did so to avoid imposing their beliefs upon patients. A majority of primary care physicians in Mississippi recognize prayer as an important psychosocial variable in assessing and treating patients, but many are hesitant to incorporate this variable into the doctor-patient encounter.
N2 - Prayer and spirituality have been shown to have a significant impact on several health variables. Additionally, studies have shown that patients think prayer is important to their health. Very little research, however, has been done to determine primary care physicians' opinions regarding prayer and spirituality as it pertains to healthcare. We surveyed primary care physicians in Mississippi to assess their use of prayer in medical practice. Ninety-one percent of respondents considered prayer an important treatment modality, but 50.6% rarely or never discussed prayer with patients. Most who excluded prayer from clinical practice did so to avoid imposing their beliefs upon patients. A majority of primary care physicians in Mississippi recognize prayer as an important psychosocial variable in assessing and treating patients, but many are hesitant to incorporate this variable into the doctor-patient encounter. KW - Attitude of Health Personnel KW - Data Collection KW - Holistic Health KW - Humans KW - Mississippi KW - Physician-Patient Relations KW - Physicians, Family KW - Primary Health Care KW - Religion and Medicine KW - Religion and Psychology SP - 817 EP - 822 SN - 0026-6396 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11125643 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8404 T1 - Principles to make a spiritual assessment work in your practice JF - The Journal of Family Practice JA - J Fam Pract A1 - Lawrence,Robert T A1 - Smith,Dwight W VL - 53 IS - 8 PY - 2004/08// KW - Adult KW - Culture KW - Ethics, Medical KW - Family Practice KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Pastoral Care KW - Quality of Health Care KW - Religion and Medicine KW - spirituality KW - Time Factors SP - 625 EP - 631 SN - 0094-3509 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15298832 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8405 T1 - Providers and types of spiritual care during serious illness JF - Journal of Palliative Medicine JA - J Palliat Med M3 - 10.1089/jpm.2008.0008 A1 - Hanson,Laura C A1 - Dobbs,Debra A1 - Usher,Barbara M A1 - Williams,Sharon A1 - Rawlings,Jim A1 - Daaleman,Timothy P VL - 11 IS - 6 PY - 2008/07// N1 -Objective: Patients and palliative care experts endorse the importance of spiritual care for seriously ill patients and their families. However, little is known about spiritual care during serious illness, and whether it satisfies patients’ and families’ needs. The objective of this study was to describe spiritual care received by patients and families during serious illness, and test whether the provider and the type of care is associated with satisfaction with care. Methods: Cross-sectional interview with 38 seriously ill patients and 65 family caregivers about spiritual care experiences. Results: The 103 spiritual care recipients identified 237 spiritual care providers; 95 (41%) were family or friends, 38 (17%) were clergy, and 66 (29%) were health care providers. Two-thirds of spiritual care providers shared the recipient’s faith tradition. Recipients identified 21 different types of spiritual care activities. The most common activity was help coping with illness (87%) and the least common intercessory prayer (4%). Half of recipients were very or somewhat satisfied with spiritual care, and half found it very helpful for facilitating inner peace and meaning making. Satisfaction with spiritual care did not differ by provider age, race, gender, role, or frequency of visits. Types of care that helped with understanding or illness coping were associated with greater satisfaction with care. Conclusion: Seriously ill patients and family caregivers experience spiritual care from multiple sources, including health care providers. Satisfaction with this care domain is modest, but approaches that help with understanding and with coping are associated with greater satisfaction.
N2 - OBJECTIVE: Patients and palliative care experts endorse the importance of spiritual care for seriously ill patients and their families. However, little is known about spiritual care during serious illness, and whether it satisfies patients' and families' needs. The objective of this study was to describe spiritual care received by patients and families during serious illness, and test whether the provider and the type of care is associated with satisfaction with care. METHODS: Cross-sectional interview with 38 seriously ill patients and 65 family caregivers about spiritual care experiences. RESULTS: The 103 spiritual care recipients identified 237 spiritual care providers; 95 (41%) were family or friends, 38 (17%) were clergy, and 66 (29%) were health care providers. Two-thirds of spiritual care providers shared the recipient's faith tradition. Recipients identified 21 different types of spiritual care activities. The most common activity was help coping with illness (87%) and the least common intercessory prayer (4%). Half of recipients were very or somewhat satisfied with spiritual care, and half found it very helpful for facilitating inner peace and meaning making. Satisfaction with spiritual care did not differ by provider age, race, gender, role, or frequency of visits. Types of care that helped with understanding or illness coping were associated with greater satisfaction with care. CONCLUSION: Seriously ill patients and family caregivers experience spiritual care from multiple sources, including health care providers. Satisfaction with this care domain is modest, but approaches that help with understanding and with coping are associated with greater satisfaction. KW - Adaptation, Psychological KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Caregivers KW - Critical Illness KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Palliative Care KW - Pastoral Care KW - Patient Satisfaction KW - Religion and Medicine KW - spirituality SP - 907 EP - 914 SN - 1557-7740 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18715183 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 8406 T1 - Reflections on Spirituality and Health CY - London A1 - Wright,Stephen G PB - Wiley PY - 2005/// N1 -This is a scholarly exploration of the subject of spirituality and health and is relevant to all health care practitioners and those who support them. Drawing on the author’ s rich personal experience in the field, his previously published material on the subject in professional journals and a wide range of research and other relevant literature, the book explores a diverse range of themes relevant to the everyday work of the health care practitioner. Is spirituality of any relevance to the work of carers? How is it best integrated? How do we address the spiritual needs of health care staff? What are the implications for leadership, professional boundaries, education, health care knowledge and practices?
KW - Medical care KW - Nursing KW - Religion and Medicine KW - Religious aspects KW - spirituality SN - 1861564686 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8407 T1 - Rehabilitation nurses' experiences providing spiritual care JF - Spirituality and Health International M3 - 10.1002/shi.353 A1 - Gebhardt,Mary Catherine VL - 9 IS - 4 PY - 2008/// N1 -The purpose of this phenomenological study was to examine rehabilitation nurses’ experiences providing spiritual care. Rehabilitation nurses provide care for patients and their families after life-threatening events and are in a unique position to meet holistic health care needs. Little is written about rehabilitation nurses’ perceptions of providing spiritual care. Fourteen rehabilitation nurses self-identified as providing spiritual care and agreed to participate in individual interviews. The interviews focused on the nurses’ definition of spiritual care, interventions the nurses perceived as spiritual and their comfort in providing spiritual care. More studies are needed to determine if providing spiritual care improves patient outcomes.
N2 - The purpose of this phenomenological study was to examine rehabilitation nurses' experiences providing spiritual care. Rehabilitation nurses provide care for patients and their families after life-threatening events and are in a unique position to meet holistic health care needs. Little is written about rehabilitation nurses' perceptions of providing spiritual care. Fourteen rehabilitation nurses self-identified as providing spiritual care and agreed to participate in individual interviews. The interviews focused on the nurses' definition of spiritual care, interventions the nurses perceived as spiritual and their comfort in providing spiritual care. More studies are needed to determine if providing spiritual care improves patient outcomes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. SP - 230 EP - 240 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/shi.353 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 8408 T1 - Reinventing medicine : beyond mind-body to a new era of healing CY - San Francisco A1 - Dossey,Larry PB - HarperSanFrancisco PY - 1999/// SN - 9780062516220 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8409 T1 - Religion and family medicine: a survey of physicians and patients JF - Journal of Family Practice A1 - Maugans,Todd A1 - Wadland,William PY - 1991/02// N1 -The purpose of this preliminary study was to investigate the role that religion plays in the practice of family medicine. Both physicians and adult patients without age restrictions were surveyed. The following issues were addressed in both groups: 1. Personal religious beliefs and practices, 2. The physician’s right and responsibility to address religious issues with patients, 3. The importance of religious factors in the establishment and maintenance of the physician-patient relationship, and 4. The circumstances under which physicians should and actually are addressing religious issues with patients. Methods: A cross-sectional sample of the entire (N = 146) active membership of the Vermont Academy of Family Physicians was surveyed using a 31-item self-administered questionnaire, which was distributed by mail. The instrument included dichotomous variables, Likert scales, and narrative responses. Many questions concerning religious beliefs were modeled after those used by national pollsters. [1-5] The questionnaire was piloted, revised, and distributed in two mailings 6 weeks apart with telephone follow-up used to assess nonresponse.
N2 - The purpose of this preliminary study was to investigate the role that religion plays in the practice of family medicine. Both physicians and adult patients without age restrictions were surveyed. The following issues were addressed in both groups: 1. Personal religious beliefs and practices 2. The physician's right and responsibility to address religious issues with patients 3. The importance of religious factors in the establishment and maintenance of the physician-patient relationship 4. The circumstances under which physicians should and actually are addressing religious issues with patients Methods A cross-sectional sample of the entire (N = 146) active membership of the Vermont Academy of Family Physicians was surveyed using a 31-item self-administered questionnaire, which was distributed by mail. The instrument included dichotomous variables, Likert scales, and narrative responses. Many questions concerning religious beliefs were modeled after those used by national pollsters. [1-5] The questionnaire was piloted, revised, and distributed in two mailings 6 weeks apart with telephone follow-up used to assess nonresponse. ER - TY - BOOK ID - 8410 T1 - Religion and healing in America CY - Oxford A1 - Barnes,Linda A1 - Sered,Susan PB - Oxford University Press PY - 2005/// N1 -Throughout much of the modern era, faith healing received attention only when it came into conflict with biomedical practice. During the 1990s, however, American culture changed dramatically and religious healing became a commonplace feature of our society. Increasing numbers of mainstream churches and synagogues began to hold held “healing services” and “healing circles.” The use of complementary and alternative therapies-some connected with spiritual or religious traditions-became widespread, and the growing hospice movement drew attention to the spiritual aspects of medical care. At the same time, changes in immigration laws brought to the United States new cultural communities, each with their own approaches to healing. Cuban santeros, Haitian mambos and oungans, Cambodian Buddhist priests, Chinese herbalist-acupuncturists, and Hmong shamans are only a few of the newer types of American religious healers, often found practicing within blocks of prestigious biomedical institutions. This book offers a richly comprehensive collection of essays examining this new reality. It brings together, for the first time, scholars from a wide variety of disciplinary perspectives to explore the relatively uncharted field of religious healing as understood and practiced in diverse cultural communities in the United States. The book will be an invaluable resource for students of anthropology, religious studies, American studies, and ethnic studies, health care professionals, clergy, and anyone interested in the changing American cultural landscape.
SN - 9780195167955 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8411 T1 - Religion and the secularisation of health care JF - Journal of Clinical Nursing M3 - 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.02780.x A1 - Paley,John VL - 18 IS - 14 PY - 2009/// N1 -Aims and objectives: To assess the claim that conceptualisations of religion and spirituality should be grounded in theology, and acknowledge the global resurgence of religion. Background. Although there is widespread agreement in the nursing literature that ‘spirituality’ is a broader concept than ‘religion,’ and should be understood generically, this approximate consensus has occasionally been challenged. A recent paper by Barbara Pesut and colleagues argues that the generic view not only empties spirituality of powerful religious symbols and narratives, but underestimates the continuing social influence of religion, and its resurgence on a global scale. Accordingly, these authors suggest three principles for conceptualising spirituality and religion in health care, one of which is that conceptualisations should be grounded in philosophical and theological thinking, and should not ignore the global resurgence of religion. Method: Critical review. Conclusion: The Pesut principle privileges theology, disregarding other disciplines which theorise religion. Arguably, it privileges specifically Christian theology, the history of which suggests a politics of orthodoxy and an epistemology of authority and obedience. The global resurgence of religion is not, in fact, global, as the industrialised countries have experienced a marked shift towards secular-rational values; and the postindustrial phase of development is associated with self-expression values, which represent a challenge not merely to religious institutions (arguably an affirmation of ‘spirituality’) but to traditional elites and structures of all kinds. Finally, religion ‘resurgent’ is not an attractive model for health care, since many of its most obvious manifestations are incompatible with the ideology of health professionals. Relevance to clinical practice: In the secular societies of Europe, if not North America, there should be no expectation that nurses provide spiritual care. It is a requirement of the great separation between civil order and religion that the health services, as a public space, should remain thoroughly secular.
N2 - Aims and objectives. To assess the claim that conceptualisations of religion and spirituality should be grounded in theology, and acknowledge the global resurgence of religion.Background. Although there is widespread agreement in the nursing literature that 'spirituality' is a broader concept than 'religion,' and should be understood generically, this approximate consensus has occasionally been challenged. A recent paper by Barbara Pesut and colleagues argues that the generic view not only empties spirituality of powerful religious symbols and narratives, but underestimates the continuing social influence of religion, and its resurgence on a global scale. Accordingly, these authors suggest three principles for conceptualising spirituality and religion in health care, one of which is that conceptualisations should be grounded in philosophical and theological thinking, and should not ignore the global resurgence of religion.Method. Critical review.Conclusion. The Pesut principle privileges theology, disregarding other disciplines which theorise religion. Arguably, it privileges specifically Christian theology, the history of which suggests a politics of orthodoxy and an epistemology of authority and obedience. The global resurgence of religion is not, in fact, global, as the industrialised countries have experienced a marked shift towards secular-rational values; and the postindustrial phase of development is associated with self-expression values, which represent a challenge not merely to religious institutions (arguably an affirmation of 'spirituality') but to traditional elites and structures of all kinds. Finally, religion 'resurgent' is not an attractive model for health care, since many of its most obvious manifestations are incompatible with the ideology of health professionals.Relevance to clinical practice. In the secular societies of Europe, if not North America, there should be no expectation that nurses provide spiritual care. It is a requirement of the great separation between civil order and religion that the health services, as a public space, should remain thoroughly secular. SP - 1963 EP - 1974 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.02780.x ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8412 T1 - Religion, clinicians, and the integration of complementary and alternative medicines JF - Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.) JA - J Altern Complement Med M3 - 10.1089/acm.2008.0512 A1 - Curlin,Farr A A1 - Rasinski,Kenneth A A1 - Kaptchuk,Ted J A1 - Emanuel,Ezekiel J A1 - Miller,Franklin G A1 - Tilburt,Jon C VL - 15 IS - 9 PY - 2009/09// N2 - OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare religious characteristics of general internists, rheumatologists, naturopaths, and acupuncturists, as well as to examine associations between physicians' religious characteristics and their openness to integrating complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). DESIGN: The design involved a national mail survey. The subjects were internists, rheumatologists, naturopaths, and acupuncturists. MEASURES: Physician outcome measures were use of and attitudes toward six classes of CAM. Predictors were religious affiliation, intrinsic religiosity, spirituality, and religious traditionalism. RESULTS: There was a 65% response. Naturopaths and acupuncturists were three times as likely as internists and rheumatologists to report no religious affiliation (35% versus 12%, p < 0.001), but were more likely to describe themselves as very spiritual (51% versus 20%, p < 0.001) and to agree they try to carry religious beliefs into life's dealings (51% versus 44%, p < 0.01). Among physicians, increased spirituality and religiosity coincided with more personal use of CAM and willingness to integrate CAM into a treatment program. CONCLUSIONS: Current and future integrative medicine will be shaped in part by religious and spiritual characteristics of providers. SP - 987 EP - 994 SN - 1557-7708 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19757976 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8413 T1 - Religion, infertility and assisted reproductive technology JF - Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology JA - Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol M3 - 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2006.09.007 A1 - Dutney,Andrew VL - 21 IS - 1 PY - 2007/02// N1 -This chapter describes religion in general before discussing the centrality of its concern for family formation. In light of this, the impact of infertility on religious people is considered. Recognizing religion’s cautiously positive attitude towards assisted reproductive technology (ART) as a potential ally in the project of family formation and the relief of infertility, two areas that have caused concern for the religions are discussed: perceived threats to marriage and the sanctity of the human embryo. Throughout the chapter, illustrations are drawn from particular religions, including Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism. There are striking similarities in their concerns and in the range of their responses to ART. Ways in which medical personnel should take into account the religious dimensions of the experience of infertility in their care for patients are suggested.
N2 - This chapter describes religion in general before discussing the centrality of its concern for family formation. In light of this, the impact of infertility on religious people is considered. Recognizing religion's cautiously positive attitude towards assisted reproductive technology (ART) as a potential ally in the project of family formation and the relief of infertility, two areas that have caused concern for the religions are discussed: perceived threats to marriage and the sanctity of the human embryo. Throughout the chapter, illustrations are drawn from particular religions, including Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism. There are striking similarities in their concerns and in the range of their responses to ART. Ways in which medical personnel should take into account the religious dimensions of the experience of infertility in their care for patients are suggested. KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infertility, Female KW - Pregnancy KW - religion KW - Reproductive Techniques, Assisted KW - Women's Rights SP - 169 EP - 180 SN - 1521-6934 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/17110170 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8414 T1 - Religion, spirituality and health: how should Australia's medical professionals respond? JF - The Medical Journal of Australia JA - Med. J. Aust A1 - Peach,Hedley G VL - 178 IS - 2 PY - 2003/01/20/ N1 -Greater participation in religious activities is associated with better health outcomes. In the US, most inpatients have religious needs, but physicians address them only occasionally and infrequently refer patients to clergy. US medical students are learning to do spiritual assessments and integrate the findings into patient management, which may reverse this. Religion does not play a central role in the lives of Australians as it does for US citizens. Research is required to better understand the spirituality of Australians, its relationship to health and the benefit, cost and acceptability of doctors enquiring into spirituality compared with spiritual advisers and counsellors.
N2 - Greater participation in religious activities is associated with better health outcomes. In the US, most inpatients have religious needs, but physicians address them only occasionally and infrequently refer patients to clergy. US medical students are learning to do spiritual assessments and integrate the findings into patient management, which may reverse this. Religion does not play a central role in the lives of Australians as it does for US citizens. Research is required to better understand the spirituality of Australians, its relationship to health and the benefit, cost and acceptability of doctors enquiring into spirituality compared with spiritual advisers and counsellors. KW - Attitude to Health KW - Australia KW - Curriculum KW - Education, Medical KW - Health KW - Humans KW - Physician-Patient Relations KW - Physician's Role KW - Religion and Medicine KW - Research KW - spirituality KW - United States SP - 86 EP - 88 SN - 0025-729X UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/12526730 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8415 T1 - Religious involvement, spirituality, and medicine: implications for clinical practice JF - Mayo Clinic Proceedings. Mayo Clinic JA - Mayo Clin. Proc A1 - Mueller,P S A1 - Plevak,D J A1 - Rummans,T A VL - 76 IS - 12 PY - 2001/12// N1 -Surveys suggest that most patients have a spiritual life and regard their spiritual health and physical health as equally important. Furthermore, people may have greater spiritual needs during illness. We reviewed published studies, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and subject reviews that examined the association between religious involvement and spirituality and physical health, mental health, health-related quality of life, and other health outcomes. We also reviewed articles that provided suggestions on how clinicians might assess and support the spiritual needs of patients. Most studies have shown that religious involvement and spirituality are associated with better health outcomes, including greater longevity, coping skills, and health-related quality of life (even during terminal illness) and less anxiety, depression, and suicide. Several studies have shown that addressing the spiritual needs of the patient may enhance recovery from illness. Discerning, acknowledging, and supporting the spiritual needs of patients can be done in a straightforward and noncontroversial manner. Furthermore, many sources of spiritual care (e.g., chaplains) are available to clinicians to address the spiritual needs of patients.
N2 - Surveys suggest that most patients have a spiritual life and regard their spiritual health and physical health as equally important. Furthermore, people may have greater spiritual needs during illness. We reviewed published studies, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and subject reviews that examined the association between religious involvement and spirituality and physical health, mental health, health-related quality of life, and other health outcomes. We also reviewed articles that provided suggestions on how clinicians might assess and support the spiritual needs of patients. Most studies have shown that religious involvement and spirituality are associated with better health outcomes, including greater longevity, coping skills, and health-related quality of life (even during terminal illness) and less anxiety, depression, and suicide. Several studies have shown that addressing the spiritual needs of the patient may enhance recovery from illness. Discerning, acknowledging, and supporting the spiritual needs of patients can be done in a straightforward and noncontroversial manner. Furthermore, many sources of spiritual care (e.g., chaplains) are available to clinicians to address the spiritual needs of patients. KW - Adaptation, Psychological KW - Holistic Health KW - Humans KW - Longevity KW - Medical History Taking KW - mental health KW - NEEDS assessment KW - Pastoral Care KW - Physician's Role KW - Quality of Life KW - Religion and Medicine KW - Religion and Psychology KW - spirituality KW - Treatment Outcome SP - 1225 EP - 1235 SN - 0025-6196 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11761504 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8416 T1 - Seeking Security in the New Age: On Attachment and Emotional Compensation JF - Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion A1 - Granqvist,Pehr A1 - Hagekull,Berit VL - 40 IS - 3 PY - 2001/09// N1 -The purpose of the present cross-sectional questionnaire study was to construct a comprehensive and reliable scale to assess new age orientation as a continuous individual difference variable. Given large increases in new age orientation in Sweden in recent years, an additional purpose was to test our emotional compensation hypothesis by studying connections of retrospective parental and adult romantic attachment in relation to new age orientation, emotionally-based religiosity, and socialization-based religiosity, as well as to study links between attachment and several aspects of spiritual change. The study group included 193 participants from upper secondary school classes, Christian youth organizations, and new age establishments in Stockholm, Sweden. The new age orientation scale was shown to be unidimensional according to an exploratory factor analysis, and to possess adequate reliability and construct validity. In line with the emotional compensation predictions, new age orientation was directly linked to attachment insecurity and emotionally-based religiosity and inversely related to socialization-based religiosity. Attachment insecurity was also linked to the experience of spiritual changes, whereas most findings pertaining to characteristics of spiritual change did not support predictions. In general, unlike perceived attachment to parents, adult romantic attachment did not display the predicted pattern of results. It was concluded that attachment theory may make an important contribution by highlighting predisposing factors for new age orientation, as representing one aspect of the emotional compensation profile, but that several methodological improvements are necessary in future studies.
N2 - The purpose of the present cross-sectional questionnaire study was to construct a comprehensive and reliable scale to assess new age orientation as a continuous individual difference variable. Given large increases in new age orientation in Sweden in recent years, an additional purpose was to test our emotional compensation hypothesis by studying connections of retrospective parental and adult romantic attachment in relation to new age orientation, emotionally-based religiosity, and socialization-based religiosity, as well as to study links between attachment and several aspects of spiritual change. The study group included 193 participants from upper secondary school classes, Christian youth organizations, and new age establishments in Stockholm, Sweden. The new age orientation scale was shown to be unidimensional according to an exploratory factor analysis, and to possess adequate reliability and construct validity. In line with the emotional compensation predictions, new age orientation was directly linked to attachment insecurity and emotionally-based religiosity and inversely related to socialization-based religiosity. Attachment insecurity was also linked to the experience of spiritual changes, whereas most findings pertaining to characteristics of spiritual change did not support predictions. In general, unlike perceived attachment to parents, adult romantic attachment did not display the predicted pattern of results. It was concluded that attachment theory may make an important contribution by highlighting predisposing factors for new age orientation, as representing one aspect of the emotional compensation profile, but that several methodological improvements are necessary in future studies. SP - 527 EP - 545 SN - 00218294 UR - http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/1388105 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8417 T1 - Should clinicians incorporate positive spirituality into their practices? What does the evidence say? JF - Annals of Behavioral Medicine: A Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine JA - Ann Behav Med A1 - Larimore,Walter L A1 - Parker,Michael A1 - Crowther,Martha VL - 24 IS - 1 PY - 2002/// N1 -Most of the rhetoric decrying the incorporation of basic and positive spiritual care into clinical practice is not based on reliable evidence. We briefly review the current evidence, which demonstrates that (a) there is frequently a positive association between positive spirituality and mental and physical health and well being, (b) most patients desire to be offered basic spiritual care by their clinicians, (c) most patients censure our professions for ignoring their spiritual needs, (d) most clinicians believe that spiritual interventions would help their patients but have little training in providing basic spiritual assessment or care, (e) professional associations and educational institutions are beginning to provide learners and clinicians information on how to incorporate spirituality and practice, and (j) anecdotal evidence indicates that clinicians having received such training find it immediately helpful and do apply it to their practice. We point out the reasons that much more research is needed, especially outcome-based, clinical research on the effects of these spiritual interventions by clinicians. We conclude that the evidence to date demonstrates trained or experienced clinicians should encourage positive spirituality with their patients and that there is no evidence that such therapy is, in general, harmful. Further, unless or until there is evidence of harm from a clinician’s provision of either basic spiritual care or a spiritually sensitive practice, interested clinicians and systems should learn to assess their patients’ spiritual health and to provide indicated and desired spiritual intervention. Clinicians and health care systems should not, without compelling data to the contrary, deprive their patients of the spiritual support and comfort on which their hope, health, and well-being may hinge.
N2 - Most of the rhetoric decrying the incorporation of basic and positive spiritual care into clinical practice is not based on reliable evidence. We briefly review the current evidence, which demonstrates that (a) there is frequently a positive association between positive spirituality and mental and physical health and well being, (b) most patients desire to be offered basic spiritual care by their clinicians, (c) most patients censure our professions for ignoring their spiritual needs, (d) most clinicians believe that spiritual interventions would help their patients but have little training in providing basic spiritual assessment or care, (e) professional associations and educational institutions are beginning to provide learners and clinicians information on how to incorporate spirituality and practice, and (j) anecdotal evidence indicates that clinicians having received such training find it immediately helpful and do apply it to their practice. We point out the reasons that much more research is needed, especially outcome-based, clinical research on the effects of these spiritual interventions by clinicians. We conclude that the evidence to date demonstrates trained or experienced clinicians should encourage positive spirituality with their patients and that there is no evidence that such therapy is, in general, harmful. Further, unless or until there is evidence of harm from a clinician's provision of either basic spiritual care or a spiritually sensitive practice, interested clinicians and systems should learn to assess their patients' spiritual health and to provide indicated and desired spiritual intervention. Clinicians and health care systems should not, without compelling data to the contrary, deprive their patients of the spiritual support and comfort on which their hope, health, and well-being may hinge. KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Education, Medical, Continuing KW - Evidence-Based Medicine KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Physician-Patient Relations KW - Physician's Practice Patterns KW - Religion and Medicine KW - social support SP - 69 EP - 73 SN - 0883-6612 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12008796 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8418 T1 - Spiritual needs of children with complex healthcare needs in hospital JF - Paediatric Nursing JA - Paediatr Nurs A1 - Bull,Alister A1 - Gillies,Marjorie VL - 19 IS - 9 PY - 2007/11// N1 -AIMS: To explore the views of hospitalised school-aged children with complex healthcare needs related to spiritual care. This could help inform national policies and raise awareness of the impact that a stay in an acute paediatric hospital can have on the spiritual needs of some of the children who use the NHS. Method: Pictures used in previous (US) studies were used to facilitate story telling, enabling children to talk about concepts that may not have emerged through direct conversation. A convenience sample of five hospitalised children were presented with the pictures one at a time and asked open-ended questions about each picture. Data analysis involved identifying emerging themes from the transcriptions using a grounded theory approach. Findings: The main themes to emerge from the interview data were: the role of the child’s relationships with family, friends and healthcare professionals; the impact of the hospital environment on the child; coping with invasive procedures; belief--children’s views about their health and belief system. Conclusion: There is a need for all healthcare professionals to recognise that children have spiritual needs that can include religious beliefs, and that it is part of their duty of care to attempt to identify and meet such needs.
N2 - AIMS: To explore the views of hospitalised school-aged children with complex healthcare needs related to spiritual care. This could help inform national policies and raise awareness of the impact that a stay in an acute paediatric hospital can have on the spiritual needs of some of the children who use the NHS. METHOD: Pictures used in previous (US) studies were used to facilitate story telling, enabling children to talk about concepts that may not have emerged through direct conversation. A convenience sample of five hospitalised children were presented with the pictures one at a time and asked open-ended questions about each picture. Data analysis involved identifying emerging themes from the transcriptions using a grounded theory approach. FINDINGS: The main themes to emerge from the interview data were: the role of the child's relationships with family, friends and healthcare professionals; the impact of the hospital environment on the child; coping with invasive procedures; belief--children's views about their health and belief system. CONCLUSION: There is a need for all healthcare professionals to recognise that children have spiritual needs that can include religious beliefs, and that it is part of their duty of care to attempt to identify and meet such needs. KW - Child KW - Health Services Needs and Demand KW - Hospitalization KW - Humans KW - Scotland KW - spirituality KW - State Medicine SP - 34 EP - 38 SN - 0962-9513 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18047170 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8419 T1 - Spirituality and choice of health care practitioner JF - Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine JA - J Altern Complement Med M3 - 10.1089/acm.2004.10 .939 A1 - Petry,Judith J A1 - Finkel,Robert VL - 10 IS - 6 PY - 2004/12// N1 -Background: Patients who include a complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practitioner in their health care represent a small percentage of the population identified as CAM users. Their choice may be motivated by intangible personality or worldview characteristics. Objective: A prospective study was designed to determine if a patient’s choice of conventional or alternative health care practitioner was related to total score on an instrument for scaling psychospiritual characteristics. Design: A sequential convenience sample of patients attending five different health care practices in New England. Setting: A family practitioner (FP) who uses CAM. (1) A FP clearly not identified with CAM. (3) A chiropractor. (4) A naturopath, and (5) A homeopath. Outcome measures: Total scores on the Spiritual Involvement and Beliefs Scale (SIBS), plus item scores of five separate questions and two factors. Results: With 210 respondents, SIBS scores in Practice 2 were significantly lower than in practice 1 (p = 0.004), 3 (p = 0.001), 4 (p = 0.018), and 5 (p = 0.02). This pattern remained over the five question scores and two factors. Conclusion: Patients who chose a physician associated with CAM, or an alternative practitioner (chiropractor, naturopath, or homeopath) for their direct health care scored higher on a psychospiritual testing instrument (SIBS) than those who chose a conventional physician.
N2 - BACKGROUND: Patients who include a complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practitioner in their health care represent a small percentage of the population identified as CAM users. Their choice may be motivated by intangible personality or worldview characteristics. OBJECTIVE: A prospective study was designed to determine if a patient's choice of conventional or alternative health care practitioner was related to total score on an instrument for scaling psychospiritual characteristics. DESIGN: A sequential convenience sample of patients attending five different health care practices in New England. SETTING: A family practitioner (FP) who uses CAM. (1) A FP clearly not identified with CAM. (3) A chiropractor. (4) A naturopath, and (5) A homeopath. OUTCOME MEASURES: Total scores on the Spiritual Involvement and Beliefs Scale (SIBS), plus item scores of five separate questions and two factors. RESULTS: With 210 respondents, SIBS scores in Practice 2 were significantly lower than in practice 1 (p = 0.004), 3 (p = 0.001), 4 (p = 0.018), and 5 (p = 0.02). This pattern remained over the five question scores and two factors. CONCLUSION: Patients who chose a physician associated with CAM, or an alternative practitioner (chiropractor, naturopath, or homeopath) for their direct health care scored higher on a psychospiritual testing instrument (SIBS) than those who chose a conventional physician. KW - Adult KW - Choice Behavior KW - Complementary Therapies KW - Family Practice KW - Female KW - Health Behavior KW - Health Care Surveys KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - New England KW - Physician-Patient Relations KW - Physician's Practice Patterns KW - Prospective Studies KW - Rural Population KW - spirituality KW - Statistics, Nonparametric SP - 939 EP - 945 SN - 1075-5535 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/15673987 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8420 T1 - Spirituality and health: What’s the evidence and what’s needed? JF - Annals of Behavioral Medicine M3 - 10.1207/S15324796ABM2401_02 A1 - Thoresen,Carl A1 - Harris,Alex VL - 24 IS - 1 PY - 2002/02/01/ N1 -In this article, we familiarize readers with some recent empirical evidence about possible associations between religious and/or spiritual (RS) factors and health outcomes. In considering this evidence, we believe a healthy skepticism is in order. One needs to remain open to the possibility that RS-related beliefs and behaviors may influence health, yet one needs empirical evidence based on well-controlled studies that support these claims and conclusions. We hope to introduce the dismissing critic to suggestive data that may create tempered doubt and to introduce the uncritical advocate to issues and concerns that will encourage greater modesty in the making of claims and drawing of conclusions. We comment on the following questions: Do specific RS factors influence health outcomes? What possible mechanisms might explain a relation, if one exists? Are there any implications for health professionals at this point in time ? Recommendations concern the need to improve research designs and measurement strategies and to clarify conceptualizations of RS factors. RS factors appear to be associated with physical and overall health, but the relation appears far more complex and modest than some contend. Which specific RS factors enhance or endanger health and well-being remains unclear.
N2 - Abstract In this article, we familiarize readers with some recent empirical evidence about possible associations between religious and/or spiritual (RS) factors and health outcomes. In considering this evidence, we believe a healthy skepticism is in order. One needs to remain open to the possibility that RS-related beliefs and behaviors may influence health, yet one needs empirical evidence based on well-controlled studies that support these claims and conclusions. We hope to introduce the dismissing critic to suggestive data that may create tempered doubt and to introduce the uncritical advocate to issues and concerns that will encourage greater modesty in the making of claims and drawing of conclusions. We comment on the following questions: Do specific RS factors influence health outcomes? What possible mechanisms might explain a relation, if one exists? Are there any implications for health professionals at this point in time ? Recommendations concern the need to improve research designs and measurement strategies and to clarify conceptualizations of RS factors. RS factors appear to be associated with physical and overall health, but the relation appears far more complex and modest than some contend. Which specific RS factors enhance or endanger health and well-being remains unclear. SP - 3 EP - 13 UR - http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/10.1207/S15324796ABM2401_02 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8421 T1 - Spirituality and healthcare organizations JF - Journal of Healthcare Management / American College of Healthcare Executives JA - J Healthc Manag A1 - Graber,D R A1 - Johnson,J A VL - 46 IS - 1 PY - 2001/02//Jan-undefined N1 -In recent years, the place of spirituality in organizations has become increasingly discussed and advocated. On a personal level, this may involve achieving personal fulfillment or spiritual growth in the workplace. In the broader sense, spirituality is considered by many to be essential in an organization’s interactions with employees, customers, and the community. This article describes a possible role for greater spirituality in healthcare organizations, whose cultures in recent decades have largely excluded spirituality or religiousness. This is the consequence of an analytical, scientific perspective on human health; a reductionist paradigm in biomedical research; and the inevitable bureaucratization occurring in large healthcare organizations. However, in recent decades, numerous scientific articles supporting a connection between faith or religiousness and positive health outcomes have been published. Because individuals seek meaning when experiencing severe illnesses, and humans universally respond to compassion and caring, spirituality among healthcare workers and managers appears highly appropriate. The article describes organizational barriers to the greater inclusion of spirituality in healthcare and presents several approaches to developing a more caring organization. These include eliciting extensive input from all staff and clinicians in identifying core or common values, ethics, and a philosophy of caring. Programs should ensure that the views of nonreligious staff and patients are respected and that clear guidelines are established for the extent and nature of affective or spiritual support for patients.
N2 - In recent years, the place of spirituality in organizations has become increasingly discussed and advocated. On a personal level, this may involve achieving personal fulfillment or spiritual growth in the workplace. In the broader sense, spirituality is considered by many to be essential in an organization's interactions with employees, customers, and the community. This article describes a possible role for greater spirituality in healthcare organizations, whose cultures in recent decades have largely excluded spirituality or religiousness. This is the consequence of an analytical, scientific perspective on human health; a reductionist paradigm in biomedical research; and the inevitable bureaucratization occurring in large healthcare organizations. However, in recent decades, numerous scientific articles supporting a connection between faith or religiousness and positive health outcomes have been published. Because individuals seek meaning when experiencing severe illnesses, and humans universally respond to compassion and caring, spirituality among healthcare workers and managers appears highly appropriate. The article describes organizational barriers to the greater inclusion of spirituality in healthcare and presents several approaches to developing a more caring organization. These include eliciting extensive input from all staff and clinicians in identifying core or common values, ethics, and a philosophy of caring. Programs should ensure that the views of nonreligious staff and patients are respected and that clear guidelines are established for the extent and nature of affective or spiritual support for patients. KW - Ethics, Institutional KW - Health Facility Environment KW - Health Services Administration KW - Holistic Health KW - Humans KW - Organizational Culture KW - Pastoral Care KW - Patient Care KW - religion KW - Social Values KW - United States KW - Workplace SP - 39-50; discussion 50-52 EP - 39-50; discussion 50-52 SN - 1096-9012 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11216122 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8422 T1 - Spirituality and medical practice JF - The Journal of Family Practice JA - J Fam Pract A1 - McKee,D D A1 - Chappel,J N VL - 35 IS - 2 PY - 1992/08// N1 -Spirituality is an important aspect of health care that is not often addressed in modern day primary medical practice. Controversy surrounds the role of spiritual issues in medical practice. Some of this stems from confusing spirituality with religion. This paper distinguishes between spiritual and religious issues and reviews the history of these issues in medicine, the growing medical literature in this area, and some practical guidelines for the practicing physician. The authors conclude that, when appropriate, spiritual issues should be addressed in patient care since they may have a positive impact on patient health and behavior, and recommend that the medical model be expanded to a biopsychosocial-spiritual one. The guidelines developed by the American Psychiatric Association provide a useful model for the practicing physician to follow. More research is needed in this area, but the authors conclude that enough is already known to support the inclusion of spiritual issues in medical education.
N2 - Spirituality is an important aspect of health care that is not often addressed in modern day primary medical practice. Controversy surrounds the role of spiritual issues in medical practice. Some of this stems from confusing spirituality with religion. This paper distinguishes between spiritual and religious issues and reviews the history of these issues in medicine, the growing medical literature in this area, and some practical guidelines for the practicing physician. The authors conclude that, when appropriate, spiritual issues should be addressed in patient care since they may have a positive impact on patient health and behavior, and recommend that the medical model be expanded to a biopsychosocial-spiritual one. The guidelines developed by the American Psychiatric Association provide a useful model for the practicing physician to follow. More research is needed in this area, but the authors conclude that enough is already known to support the inclusion of spiritual issues in medical education. KW - Holistic Health KW - Humans KW - Mental Healing KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Pastoral Care KW - Physician-Patient Relations KW - Physicians, Family KW - Primary Health Care KW - Professional Practice KW - Religion and Medicine KW - United States SP - 201, 205-208 EP - 201, 205-208 SN - 0094-3509 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1645114 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8423 T1 - Spirituality and religion in the care of surgical oncology patients with life-threatening or advanced illnesses JF - Annals of Surgical Oncology JA - Ann. Surg. Oncol M3 - 10.1245/s10434-008-0130-9 A1 - Woll,Monica L A1 - Hinshaw,Daniel B A1 - Pawlik,Timothy M VL - 15 IS - 11 PY - 2008/11// N1 -Spiritual and religious concerns often become of central importance in the care of surgical oncology patients confronted with their mortality. Unfortunately, surgeons are often ill prepared or reluctant to address the spiritual and religious needs of their patients. In this article, working definitions of spirituality versus religiosity will be developed in the context of the three largest monotheistic religions in America: Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. Disease, dying, and death will be explored with respect to these faiths and examples of how to address religious beliefs in practical clinical settings will be given. Finally, specific suggestions will be made for surgeons to better understand, empathize with, and address the needs of their seriously ill patients in a holistic manner.
N2 - Spiritual and religious concerns often become of central importance in the care of surgical oncology patients confronted with their mortality. Unfortunately, surgeons are often ill prepared or reluctant to address the spiritual and religious needs of their patients. In this article, working definitions of spirituality versus religiosity will be developed in the context of the three largest monotheistic religions in America: Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. Disease, dying, and death will be explored with respect to these faiths and examples of how to address religious beliefs in practical clinical settings will be given. Finally, specific suggestions will be made for surgeons to better understand, empathize with, and address the needs of their seriously ill patients in a holistic manner. KW - Adaptation, Psychological KW - Attitude to Death KW - Holistic Health KW - Humans KW - Neoplasms KW - PATIENTS KW - Religion and Medicine KW - spirituality KW - Terminal Care SP - 3048 EP - 3057 SN - 1534-4681 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/18773242 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8424 T1 - Spirituality, healing and medicine JF - The British Journal of General Practice: The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners JA - Br J Gen Pract A1 - Aldridge,D VL - 41 IS - 351 PY - 1991/10// N1 -The natural science base of modern medicine influences the way in which medicine is delivered and may ignore the spiritual factors associated with illness. The history of spirituality in healing presented here reflects the growth of scientific knowledge, demands for religious renewal, and the shift in the understanding of the concept of health within a broader cultural context. General practitioners have been willing to entertain the idea of spiritual healing and include it in their daily practice, or referral network. Recognizing patients’ beliefs in the face of suffering is an important factor in health care practice.
N2 - The natural science base of modern medicine influences the way in which medicine is delivered and may ignore the spiritual factors associated with illness. The history of spirituality in healing presented here reflects the growth of scientific knowledge, demands for religious renewal, and the shift in the understanding of the concept of health within a broader cultural context. General practitioners have been willing to entertain the idea of spiritual healing and include it in their daily practice, or referral network. Recognizing patients' beliefs in the face of suffering is an important factor in health care practice. KW - Attitude of Health Personnel KW - Attitude to Health KW - Complementary Therapies KW - Family Practice KW - Humans KW - Mental Healing KW - Professional Practice SP - 425 EP - 427 SN - 0960-1643 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1777299 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8425 T1 - Spirituality, medicine, and healing JF - Southern Medical Journal JA - South. Med. J A1 - Hiatt,J F VL - 79 IS - 6 PY - 1986/06// N1 -Contemporary medicine has given little attention to the spiritual dimension of human experience despite its relevance to our fundamental goal of healing. This exploratory work takes the position that this dimension can and should be reintegrated into health care models and practice. After delineating the scope of inquiry and providing some definitions, I draw upon paradigms from psychology and physics to provide a basis for such integration, and then extend the biopsychosocial model to include the spiritual dimension, discussing some ways in which this perspective might affect our thinking about disease and health care.
N2 - Contemporary medicine has given little attention to the spiritual dimension of human experience despite its relevance to our fundamental goal of healing. This exploratory work takes the position that this dimension can and should be reintegrated into health care models and practice. After delineating the scope of inquiry and providing some definitions, I draw upon paradigms from psychology and physics to provide a basis for such integration, and then extend the biopsychosocial model to include the spiritual dimension, discussing some ways in which this perspective might affect our thinking about disease and health care. KW - Adaptation, Psychological KW - Attitude to Health KW - Child KW - Ego KW - Fear KW - Goals KW - Holistic Health KW - Humans KW - Mental Healing KW - Mental Processes KW - Middle Aged KW - Models, Psychological KW - Perception KW - personality KW - Philosophy KW - Physical Phenomena KW - Physics KW - Quality of Life SP - 736 EP - 743 SN - 0038-4348 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3715539 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8426 T1 - Surgeons and the spirit: a study on the relationship of religiosity to clinical practice JF - Journal of Religion and Health JA - J Relig Health A1 - Cheever,Kerry H A1 - Jubilan,Boyce A1 - Dailey,Thomas A1 - Ehrhardt,Kathleen A1 - Blumenstein,Robert A1 - Morin,Christopher J A1 - Lewis,Charles VL - 44 IS - 1 PY - 2005/// N1 -This study aimed to identify the religious practices and beliefs of surgeons and the relationship between surgeons’ locus of control and religiosity. Thirty-five surgeons completed a survey that included items from the Duke University Religion Index, the Salesian Center Intrinsic Religiosity Scale for Clinicians, and Rotter’s Locus of Control Scale. Over 68% of sampled surgeons affirmed that their religious beliefs play a part in their practice, 47% attend religious services at least weekly, and 44% pray daily. There was no correlation between locus of control and religiosity. These results challenge the myth of the egocentric, agnostic surgeon.
N2 - This study aimed to identify the religious practices and beliefs of surgeons and the relationship between surgeons' locus of control and religiosity. Thirty-five surgeons completed a survey that included items from the Duke University Religion Index, the Salesian Center Intrinsic Religiosity Scale for Clinicians, and Rotter's Locus of Control Scale. Over 68% of sampled surgeons affirmed that their religious beliefs play a part in their practice, 47% attend religious services at least weekly, and 44% pray daily. There was no correlation between locus of control and religiosity. These results challenge the myth of the egocentric, agnostic surgeon. KW - Data Collection KW - Humans KW - Patient Care KW - Physicians KW - Religion and Medicine KW - spirituality SP - 67 EP - 80 SN - 0022-4197 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16285133 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8427 T1 - The 3 H and BMSEST models for spirituality in multicultural whole-person medicine JF - Annals of Family Medicine JA - Ann Fam Med M3 - 10.1370/afm.864 A1 - Anandarajah,Gowri VL - 6 IS - 5 PY - 2008/10//Sep-undefined N1 -Purpose: The explosion of evidence in the last decade supporting the role of spirituality in whole-person patient care has prompted proposals for a move to a biopsychosocial-spiritual model for health. Making this paradigm shift in today’s multicultural societies poses many challenges, however. This article presents 2 theoretical models that provide common ground for further exploration of the role of spirituality in medicine. Methods: The 3 H model (head, heart, hands) and the BMSEST models (body, mind, spirit, environment, social, transcendent) evolved from the author’s 12-year experience with curricula development regarding spirituality and medicine, 16-year experience as an attending family physician and educator, lived experience with both Hinduism and Christianity since childhood, and a lifetime study of the world’s great spiritual traditions. The models were developed, tested with learners, and refined. Results: The 3 H model offers a multidimensional definition of spirituality, applicable across cultures and belief systems, that provides opportunities for a common vocabulary for spirituality. Therapeutic options, from general spiritual care (compassion, presence, and the healing relationship), to specialized spiritual care (eg, by clinical chaplains), to spiritual self-care are discussed. The BMSEST model provides a conceptual framework for the role of spirituality in the larger health care context, useful for patient care, education, and research. Interactions among the 6 BMSEST components, with references to ongoing research, are proposed. Conclusions: Including spirituality in whole-person care is a way of furthering our understanding of the complexities of human health and well-being. The 3 H and BMSEST models suggest a multidimensional and multidisciplinary approach based on universal concepts and a foundation in both the art and science of medicine.
N2 - PURPOSE: The explosion of evidence in the last decade supporting the role of spirituality in whole-person patient care has prompted proposals for a move to a biopsychosocial-spiritual model for health. Making this paradigm shift in today's multicultural societies poses many challenges, however. This article presents 2 theoretical models that provide common ground for further exploration of the role of spirituality in medicine. METHODS: The 3 H model (head, heart, hands) and the BMSEST models (body, mind, spirit, environment, social, transcendent) evolved from the author's 12-year experience with curricula development regarding spirituality and medicine, 16-year experience as an attending family physician and educator, lived experience with both Hinduism and Christianity since childhood, and a lifetime study of the world's great spiritual traditions. The models were developed, tested with learners, and refined. RESULTS: The 3 H model offers a multidimensional definition of spirituality, applicable across cultures and belief systems, that provides opportunities for a common vocabulary for spirituality. Therapeutic options, from general spiritual care (compassion, presence, and the healing relationship), to specialized spiritual care (eg, by clinical chaplains), to spiritual self-care are discussed. The BMSEST model provides a conceptual framework for the role of spirituality in the larger health care context, useful for patient care, education, and research. Interactions among the 6 BMSEST components, with references to ongoing research, are proposed. CONCLUSIONS: Including spirituality in whole-person care is a way of furthering our understanding of the complexities of human health and well-being. The 3 H and BMSEST models suggest a multidimensional and multidisciplinary approach based on universal concepts and a foundation in both the art and science of medicine. KW - Cultural Diversity KW - Education, Medical KW - Holistic Health KW - Humans KW - Mind-Body Relations (Metaphysics) KW - Models, Biological KW - Models, Psychological KW - Psychophysiology KW - Religion and Medicine KW - spirituality SP - 448 EP - 458 SN - 1544-1717 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18779550 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8428 T1 - The Acceptance of Western Medicine in Japan JF - Monumenta Nipponica A1 - Otori,Ranzaburo VL - 19 IS - 3/4 PY - 1964/// SP - 254 EP - 274 SN - 00270741 UR - http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/2383172 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8429 T1 - The Benefits from Marriage and Religion in the United States: A Comparative Analysis JF - Population and Development Review A1 - Waite,Linda J. A1 - Lehrer,Evelyn L. VL - 29 IS - 2 PY - 2003/06// N1 -In the United States, married people have better outcomes on a variety of measures of well-being than do single persons. People who participate in religious activities show similar advantages relative to those who have no religious involvement. This article presents a comparative analysis of these two social institutions: marriage and religion. A critical review of the literature on how religious involvement and being married affect a range of child and adult outcomes provides evidence of generally positive effects. Religion and marriage have an impact on many of the same domains of life, and there are remarkable similarities in the mechanisms through which they exert an influence.
N2 - In the United States, married people have better outcomes on a variety of measures of well-being than do single persons. People who participate in religious activities show similar advantages relative to those who have no religious involvement. This article presents a comparative analysis of these two social institutions: marriage and religion. A critical review of the literature on how religious involvement and being married affect a range of child and adult outcomes provides evidence of generally positive effects. Religion and marriage have an impact on many of the same domains of life, and there are remarkable similarities in the mechanisms through which they exert an influence. SP - 255 EP - 275 SN - 00987921 UR - http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/3115227 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8430 T1 - The brief serenity scale: a psychometric analysis of a measure of spirituality and well-being JF - Journal of Holistic Nursing: Official Journal of the American Holistic Nurses' Association JA - J Holist Nurs M3 - 10.1177/0898010108327212 A1 - Kreitzer,Mary Jo A1 - Gross,Cynthia R A1 - Waleekhachonloet,On-anong A1 - Reilly-Spong,Maryanne A1 - Byrd,Marcia VL - 27 IS - 1 PY - 2009/03// N1 -Purpose: This article describes a factor analysis of a 22-item version of the Serenity Scale, a tool that measures spirituality and well-being. Method: A sample of 87 participants, enrolled in a National Institutes of Health-funded clinical trial examining the impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction on symptom management post-solid organ transplantation, completed the abbreviated instrument. Findings: Exploratory factor analysis yielded three subscales: acceptance, inner haven, and trust. The Serenity Scale was positively associated with positive affect and mindful awareness and inversely related to negative affect, anxiety, depression, health distress and transplant-related stress. Conclusions: Serenity, a dimension of spirituality that is secular and distinct from religious orientation or religiosity, shows promise as a tool that could be used to measure outcomes of nursing interventions that improve health and well-being. Implications: Spirituality is recognized as being an essential component of holistic nursing practice. As nurses expand their use of spiritual interventions, it is important to document outcomes related to nursing care. The Serenity Scale appears to capture a dimension of spirituality, a state of acceptance, inner haven and trust that is distinct from other spirituality instruments.
N2 - PURPOSE: This article describes a factor analysis of a 22-item version of the Serenity Scale, a tool that measures spirituality and well-being. METHOD: A sample of 87 participants, enrolled in a National Institutes of Health-funded clinical trial examining the impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction on symptom management post-solid organ transplantation, completed the abbreviated instrument. FINDINGS: Exploratory factor analysis yielded three subscales: acceptance, inner haven, and trust. The Serenity Scale was positively associated with positive affect and mindful awareness and inversely related to negative affect, anxiety, depression, health distress and transplant-related stress. CONCLUSIONS: Serenity, a dimension of spirituality that is secular and distinct from religious orientation or religiosity, shows promise as a tool that could be used to measure outcomes of nursing interventions that improve health and well-being. IMPLICATIONS: Spirituality is recognized as being an essential component of holistic nursing practice. As nurses expand their use of spiritual interventions, it is important to document outcomes related to nursing care. The Serenity Scale appears to capture a dimension of spirituality, a state of acceptance, inner haven and trust that is distinct from other spirituality instruments. KW - Adaptation, Psychological KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Attitude to Health KW - Female KW - Holistic Health KW - Holistic Nursing KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Mind-Body Relations (Metaphysics) KW - Nursing Methodology Research KW - Personality Assessment KW - Psychometrics KW - Quality of Life KW - spirituality KW - United States SP - 7 EP - 16 SN - 0898-0101 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19176898 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8431 T1 - The Ethics of Alternative Medicine Therapies JF - Journal of Public Health Policy A1 - Clark,Peter A. VL - 21 IS - 4 PY - 2000/// SP - 447 EP - 470 SN - 01975897 UR - http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/3343283 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8432 T1 - The inflammatory reflex and the role of complementary and alternative medical therapies JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences JA - Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci M3 - 10.1196/annals.1393.013 A1 - Oke,Stacey L A1 - Tracey,Kevin J VL - 1172 PY - 2009/08// N1 -The body’s first defense against invading pathogens or tissue injury is the innate immune system. Since excessive immune responses can be damaging, anti-inflammatory mechanisms function to control the pro-inflammatory response and prevent injury. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is a neural mechanism that suppresses the innate inflammatory response. Knowledge concerning innervation of the immune system offers a unique opportunity to explore previously unrecognized techniques to treat disease. It also enables consideration of the neurological basis of complementary and alternative medical therapies, such as meditation and acupuncture. This evolving area of research has implications for the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory conditions including inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, type 2 diabetes, and other conditions of excessive cytokine release.
N2 - The body's first defense against invading pathogens or tissue injury is the innate immune system. Since excessive immune responses can be damaging, anti-inflammatory mechanisms function to control the pro-inflammatory response and prevent injury. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is a neural mechanism that suppresses the innate inflammatory response. Knowledge concerning innervation of the immune system offers a unique opportunity to explore previously unrecognized techniques to treat disease. It also enables consideration of the neurological basis of complementary and alternative medical therapies, such as meditation and acupuncture. This evolving area of research has implications for the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory conditions including inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, type 2 diabetes, and other conditions of excessive cytokine release. KW - Acupuncture Therapy KW - Complementary Therapies KW - Cytokines KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 KW - Humans KW - Inflammation KW - Inflammation Mediators KW - Inflammatory Bowel Diseases KW - Meditation KW - Reflex SP - 172 EP - 180 SN - 1749-6632 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19743552 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8433 T1 - The integration of complementary therapies in Australian general practice: results of a national survey JF - Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.) JA - J Altern Complement Med M3 - 10.1089/acm.2005.11.995 A1 - Cohen,Marc M A1 - Penman,Stephen A1 - Pirotta,Marie A1 - Da Costa,Cliff VL - 11 IS - 6 PY - 2005/12// N1 -Methods: Australian general practitioners’ (GPs) attitudes toward and use of a range of complementary therapies (CTs) were determined through a self-administered postal survey sent to a random sample of 2000 Australian GPs. The survey canvassed GPs’ opinions as to the harmfulness and effectiveness of CTs; current levels of training and interest in further training; personal use of, and use in practice of, CTs; referrals to CT; practitioners; appropriateness for GPs to practice and for government regulation; perceived patient demand and the need for undergraduate education. Results: The response rate was 33.2%. Based on GPs’ responses, complementary therapies could be classified into: nonmedicinal and nonmanipulative therapies, such as acupuncture, massage, meditation, yoga, and hypnosis, that were seen to be highly effective and safe; medicinal and manipulative therapies, including chiropractic, Chinese herbal medicine, osteopathy, herbal medicine, vitamin and mineral therapy, naturopathy, and homeopathy, which more GPs considered potentially harmful than potentially effective; and esoteric therapies, such as spiritual healing, aromatherapy, and reflexology, which were seen to be relatively safe yet also relatively ineffective. The risks of CTs were seen to mainly arise from incorrect, inadequate, or delayed diagnoses and interactions between complementary medications and pharmaceuticals, rather than the specific risks of the therapies themselves. Conclusions: Nonmedicinal therapies along with chiropractic are widely accepted in Australia and can be considered mainstream. GPs are open to training in complementary therapies, and better communication between patients and GPs about use of CTs is required to minimize the risk of adverse events. There is also a need to prioritize and provide funding for further research into the potential adverse events from these therapies and other therapies currently lacking an evidence base.
N2 - METHODS: Australian general practitioners' (GPs) attitudes toward and use of a range of complementary therapies (CTs) were determined through a self-administered postal survey sent to a random sample of 2000 Australian GPs. The survey canvassed GPs' opinions as to the harmfulness and effectiveness of CTs; current levels of training and interest in further training; personal use of, and use in practice of, CTs; referrals to CT; practitioners; appropriateness for GPs to practice and for government regulation; perceived patient demand and the need for undergraduate education. RESULTS: The response rate was 33.2%. Based on GPs' responses, complementary therapies could be classified into: nonmedicinal and nonmanipulative therapies, such as acupuncture, massage, meditation, yoga, and hypnosis, that were seen to be highly effective and safe; medicinal and manipulative therapies, including chiropractic, Chinese herbal medicine, osteopathy, herbal medicine, vitamin and mineral therapy, naturopathy, and homeopathy, which more GPs considered potentially harmful than potentially effective; and esoteric therapies, such as spiritual healing, aromatherapy, and reflexology, which were seen to be relatively safe yet also relatively ineffective. The risks of CTs were seen to mainly arise from incorrect, inadequate, or delayed diagnoses and interactions between complementary medications and pharmaceuticals, rather than the specific risks of the therapies themselves. CONCLUSIONS: Nonmedicinal therapies along with chiropractic are widely accepted in Australia and can be considered mainstream. GPs are open to training in complementary therapies, and better communication between patients and GPs about use of CTs is required to minimize the risk of adverse events. There is also a need to prioritize and provide funding for further research into the potential adverse events from these therapies and other therapies currently lacking an evidence base. KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Attitude of Health Personnel KW - Australia KW - Complementary Therapies KW - Delivery of Health Care, Integrated KW - Family Practice KW - Female KW - Health Services Needs and Demand KW - Health Services Research KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Physician's Practice Patterns KW - Primary Health Care KW - Questionnaires SP - 995 EP - 1004 SN - 1075-5535 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/16398590 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 8434 T1 - The Link Between Religion and Health: Psychoneuroimmunology and the Faith Factor CY - Oxford ED - Koenig,Harold G ED - Cohen,Harvey Jay PB - Oxford University Press PY - 2002/// N1 -This book is the first to present new medical research establishing a connection between religion and health and to examine the implications for Eastern and Western religious traditions and for society and culture. The distinguished list of contributors examine a series of psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) topics that relate to religious faith and behavior. PNI studies the relationships between mental states and the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. Among the issues it focuses upon are how mental states, in general, and belief states, in particular, affect physical health. The contributors argue that religious involvement and belief can affect certain neuroendocrine and immune mechanisms, and that these mechanisms, in turn, susceptibility to cancer and recovery following surgery. This volume is essential reading for those interested in the relationship between religion and health.
KW - Faith KW - immunology KW - Physiological aspects KW - Psychoneuroimmunology KW - Religion and Medicine KW - Stress, Psychological SN - 0195143604 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8435 T1 - The management of the Muslim dental patient JF - British Dental Journal JA - Br Dent J M3 - 10.1038/sj.bdj.4812807 A1 - Darwish,S VL - 199 IS - 8 PY - 2005/10/22/ N1 -There are aspects of the practice of the religion of Islam that have some relevance to receiving dental treatment. This article aims to provide dentists with background knowledge of normal practices which may affect the treatment offered. The author does not attempt to inform the reader about Islam, but to assist the dentist in the management of a Muslim patient. Much of the content of this article describes how to manage a patient who is fasting during the Islamic month of Ramadan. Ramadan takes place this year in early October, lasting for 29 or 30 days. During Ramadan patients may present to dentists with the signs and symptoms described in this article.
N2 - There are aspects of the practice of the religion of Islam that have some relevance to receiving dental treatment. This article aims to provide dentists with background knowledge of normal practices which may affect the treatment offered. The author does not attempt to inform the reader about Islam, but to assist the dentist in the management of a Muslim patient. Much of the content of this article describes how to manage a patient who is fasting during the Islamic month of Ramadan. Ramadan takes place this year in early October, lasting for 29 or 30 days. During Ramadan patients may present to dentists with the signs and symptoms described in this article. KW - Culture KW - Dental Care KW - Fasting KW - Female KW - Humans KW - ISLAM KW - Male KW - Toothbrushing SP - 503 EP - 531 SN - 0007-0610 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/16244617 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8436 T1 - The place of spirituality in managed care. Attending to spiritual needs can help managed care systems achieve their goals JF - Health Progress (Saint Louis, Mo.) JA - Health Prog A1 - Hilsman,G J VL - 78 IS - 1 PY - 1997/02//Jan-undefined N1 -If managed care leaders are able to achieve their goals of enhancing total well-being within a capitated system of care, they must attend to the broad new societal interest in spiritual perspectives and find ways to integrate them into their structure of care. Imaginative and sensitive members of many professions, particularly those who acknowledge the value of spirituality in their own lives and are convinced of its value in healing, will likely spearhead this integrated movement. Promoting individuals’ total well-being necessitates an acknowledgement that everyone has a unique personal spirituality that needs to be addressed at times of crisis, such as illness or hospitalization. Further, attention to the spiritual dimensions of problems that result in high healthcare costs, such as violence, alcoholism, and the fear of death, can help reduce those costs. The process of grief also needs to be addressed in healthcare settings, for professionals as well as patients, to enhance understanding, acceptance, and the quality of care. People recover and retain health through a balanced integration of physical, spiritual, and community aspects of their lives. If professional chaplains who have emphasized crisis and acute care in their ministry styles are to contribute to this integrative healing and its adoption into managed care systems, they may need to explore broader frameworks, holistic concepts of healing processes, motivations for self-care, and a personal holistic balance.
N2 - If managed care leaders are able to achieve their goals of enhancing total well-being within a capitated system of care, they must attend to the broad new societal interest in spiritual perspectives and find ways to integrate them into their structure of care. Imaginative and sensitive members of many professions, particularly those who acknowledge the value of spirituality in their own lives and are convinced of its value in healing, will likely spearhead this integrated movement. Promoting individuals' total well-being necessitates an acknowledgement that everyone has a unique personal spirituality that needs to be addressed at times of crisis, such as illness or hospitalization. Further, attention to the spiritual dimensions of problems that result in high healthcare costs, such as violence, alcoholism, and the fear of death, can help reduce those costs. The process of grief also needs to be addressed in healthcare settings, for professionals as well as patients, to enhance understanding, acceptance, and the quality of care. People recover and retain health through a balanced integration of physical, spiritual, and community aspects of their lives. If professional chaplains who have emphasized crisis and acute care in their ministry styles are to contribute to this integrative healing and its adoption into managed care systems, they may need to explore broader frameworks, holistic concepts of healing processes, motivations for self-care, and a personal holistic balance. KW - Health Care Costs KW - Holistic Health KW - Humans KW - Managed Care Programs KW - Organizational Objectives KW - Patient Satisfaction KW - Patient-Centered Care KW - Religion and Medicine KW - Religion and Psychology KW - Social Problems KW - social support KW - United States SP - 43 EP - 46 SN - 0882-1577 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10165750 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 8437 T1 - The Scientific Basis of Integrative Medicine A1 - Wisneski,Leonard A. A1 - Anderson,Lucy PB - CRC PY - 2009/06/25/ N1 -Interactions between the body and the mind/emotions are now a well-established fact of medical research in the field of psychoneuroimmunology. The Scientific Basis of Integrative Medicine lays out the scientific underpinnings for the mind-body connection, documenting the numerous interactions of the endocrine, immune, nervous, and stress systems that so profoundly impact human functioning. The authors propose a unified theory of human functioning, called integral physiology, which combines important Western biological knowledge with Eastern medical traditions of healing. Unique aspects of the text include the elucidation of the pineal as the master gland-the transducer of environmental information into neuronal and hormonal communication within the body. In addition, the authors assert that there must be a hormonal cascade for the relaxation response, paralleling the well-known hormonal elaboration of the stress response, and then provide a review of some of the hormones involved in this response. The Scientific Basis of Integrative Medicine is the first book to elaborate on the cutting-edge field of subtle energy medicine. The authors propose a theory of the physiology of spirituality-or in medical terms, a theory of how subtle energy impacts physical and mental/emotional functioning. Subtle energy medicine recognizes energy modalities that can beneficially affect the body, while acknowledging the importance of experiences traditionally called “intuitive” or “spiritual.” It broadens awareness of how our bodies are both hard wired and hormonally designed to permit interactions with subtle energy. This medical textbook has been written in a unique, conversational style that incorporates both technical and scientific information, and anecdotal stories.
SN - 1420082906 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8438 T1 - The spiritual and religious identities, beliefs, and practices of academic pediatricians in the United States JF - Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges JA - Acad Med M3 - 10.1097/ACM.0b013e31818c64a5 A1 - Catlin,Elizabeth Ann A1 - Cadge,Wendy A1 - Ecklund,Elaine Howard A1 - Gage,Elizabeth A A1 - Zollfrank,Angelika Annette VL - 83 IS - 12 PY - 2008/12// N1 -Purpose: Physicians’ spiritual and religious identities, beliefs, and practices are beginning to be explored. The objective of this study was to gather descriptive information about personal religion and spirituality from a random sample of academic American pediatricians and to compare this information with similar data from the public. Method: In 2005, a Web-based survey of a random sample of 208 pediatrician faculty from 13 academic centers ranked by the US News & World Report as “honor roll” hospitals was conducted. Surveys elicited information about personal beliefs and practices as well as their influence on decisions about patient care and clinical practice. Multiple questions were replicated from the General Social Survey to enable comparisons with the public. Descriptive statistics were generated, and logistic regression analyses were conducted on relevant variables. Results: Nearly 88% of respondents were raised in a religious tradition, but just 67.2% claimed current religious identification. More than half (52.6%) reported praying privately; additional spiritual practices reported included relaxation techniques (38.8%), meditation (29.3%), sacred readings (26.7%), and yoga (19%). The majority of academic pediatricians (58.6%) believed that personal spiritual or religious beliefs influenced their interactions with patients/colleagues. These odds increased 5.1-fold when academic pediatricians attended religious services monthly or more (P < .05). Conclusions: Compared with the American public, a notably smaller proportion of academic pediatricians reported a personal religious identity. The majority believed spiritual and religious beliefs influenced their practice of pediatrics. Whether secular or faith-based belief systems measurably modify academic pediatric practice is unknown.
N2 - PURPOSE: Physicians' spiritual and religious identities, beliefs, and practices are beginning to be explored. The objective of this study was to gather descriptive information about personal religion and spirituality from a random sample of academic American pediatricians and to compare this information with similar data from the public. METHOD: In 2005, a Web-based survey of a random sample of 208 pediatrician faculty from 13 academic centers ranked by the US News & World Report as "honor roll" hospitals was conducted. Surveys elicited information about personal beliefs and practices as well as their influence on decisions about patient care and clinical practice. Multiple questions were replicated from the General Social Survey to enable comparisons with the public. Descriptive statistics were generated, and logistic regression analyses were conducted on relevant variables. RESULTS: Nearly 88% of respondents were raised in a religious tradition, but just 67.2% claimed current religious identification. More than half (52.6%) reported praying privately; additional spiritual practices reported included relaxation techniques (38.8%), meditation (29.3%), sacred readings (26.7%), and yoga (19%). The majority of academic pediatricians (58.6%) believed that personal spiritual or religious beliefs influenced their interactions with patients/colleagues. These odds increased 5.1-fold when academic pediatricians attended religious services monthly or more (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the American public, a notably smaller proportion of academic pediatricians reported a personal religious identity. The majority believed spiritual and religious beliefs influenced their practice of pediatrics. Whether secular or faith-based belief systems measurably modify academic pediatric practice is unknown. KW - Academic Medical Centers KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Faculty, Medical KW - Female KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Humans KW - Logistic Models KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Pediatrics KW - Philosophy, Medical KW - Physician's Practice Patterns KW - Pilot Projects KW - Questionnaires KW - Religion and Medicine KW - Social Identification KW - spirituality KW - United States SP - 1146 EP - 1152 SN - 1938-808X UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19202482 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8439 T1 - Tibetan medicine and regeneration JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences JA - Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci M3 - 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04500.x A1 - Dhondup,Lobsang A1 - Husted,Cynthia VL - 1172 PY - 2009/08// N1 -An overview of the concept of regeneration in Tibetan medicine is presented with descriptions of detoxification and tonification longevity protocols. The body must be fortified before receiving stronger treatments for regeneration. All disease is brought into balance with understanding of the interplay of the five elements, three humors, and their qualities and locations. The example of multiple sclerosis (MS) is given. The macroscopic three-humor interpretation of MS agrees with the microscopic three-humor description of demyelination, providing a new framework for the understanding and treatment of MS. Treatments for MS and other chronic conditions are based on age, season, time of day, and the individual’s three-humor and hot (excess) and cold (deficiency) balance. Treatments to promote regeneration include nutrition, gentle exercise, herbal formulas, accessory therapies such as herbal baths and oils, and meditation. It is built into the theory of Tibetan medicine to have predictions about outcome and distinguish different disease patterns in patients with MS and other disorders. Taking into account daily and seasonal variations coupled with the changing nature of MS, it is critical to frequently evaluate people with MS and other chronic conditions for monitoring and adjustment of treatment for regeneration.
N2 - An overview of the concept of regeneration in Tibetan medicine is presented with descriptions of detoxification and tonification longevity protocols. The body must be fortified before receiving stronger treatments for regeneration. All disease is brought into balance with understanding of the interplay of the five elements, three humors, and their qualities and locations. The example of multiple sclerosis (MS) is given. The macroscopic three-humor interpretation of MS agrees with the microscopic three-humor description of demyelination, providing a new framework for the understanding and treatment of MS. Treatments for MS and other chronic conditions are based on age, season, time of day, and the individual's three-humor and hot (excess) and cold (deficiency) balance. Treatments to promote regeneration include nutrition, gentle exercise, herbal formulas, accessory therapies such as herbal baths and oils, and meditation. It is built into the theory of Tibetan medicine to have predictions about outcome and distinguish different disease patterns in patients with MS and other disorders. Taking into account daily and seasonal variations coupled with the changing nature of MS, it is critical to frequently evaluate people with MS and other chronic conditions for monitoring and adjustment of treatment for regeneration. KW - Cognition KW - Complementary Therapies KW - Diet KW - Emotions KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Immunity KW - Male KW - Medicine, Tibetan Traditional KW - Multiple Sclerosis KW - Regeneration KW - Sex Factors SP - 115 EP - 122 SN - 1749-6632 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19735245 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 8440 T1 - Timeless healing : the power and biology of belief CY - New York NY A1 - Benson,Herbert PB - Scribner PY - 1996/// N1 -In this book, Dr. Herbert Benson draws on his twenty-five years as a physician and researcher to reveal how affirming beliefs, particularly belief in a higher power, make an important contribution to our physical health. We are not simply nourished by meditation and prayer, but are, in essence, “wired for God.” Combining the wisdom of modem medicine and of age-old faith. Dr. Benson shows how anyone can, with the aid of a caring physician or healer, use their beliefs and other self-care methods to heal over 60 percent of medical problems.
SN - 9780684814414 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8441 T1 - To measure or not to measure? Reviewing the assessment of spirituality and religion in health-related quality of life JF - Chronic Illness JA - Chronic Illn A1 - O'Connell,Kathryn A A1 - Skevington,Suzanne M VL - 3 IS - 1 PY - 2007/03// N1 -Measures of quality of life have not conventionally or routinely included concepts of spirituality, religion, or existential wellbeing. Although spirituality has been seen as irrelevant, or difficult to measure, a growing body of peer-reviewed articles point to a positive and important relationship between spiritual beliefs and other domains of quality of life in health. Following a discussion of current theoretical issues surrounding the inclusion of these generic concepts, we select and review seven quality-of-life assessments in health that provide a spiritual and/or religious dimension, and evaluate each in psychometric terms. Such information could be useful to clinicians working in chronic illness, surgery and terminal care, who seek concept clarification before using an assessment that includes a spiritual domain.
N2 - Measures of quality of life have not conventionally or routinely included concepts of spirituality, religion, or existential wellbeing. Although spirituality has been seen as irrelevant, or difficult to measure, a growing body of peer-reviewed articles point to a positive and important relationship between spiritual beliefs and other domains of quality of life in health. Following a discussion of current theoretical issues surrounding the inclusion of these generic concepts, we select and review seven quality-of-life assessments in health that provide a spiritual and/or religious dimension, and evaluate each in psychometric terms. Such information could be useful to clinicians working in chronic illness, surgery and terminal care, who seek concept clarification before using an assessment that includes a spiritual domain. KW - Chronic Disease KW - Health Status Indicators KW - Humans KW - Neoplasms KW - Psychometrics KW - Qualitative Research KW - Quality of Life KW - Questionnaires KW - religion KW - Research Design KW - spirituality SP - 77 EP - 87 SN - 1742-3953 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18072699 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8442 T1 - To what extent are the spiritual needs of hospital patients being met? JF - International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine JA - Int J Psychiatry Med A1 - Flannelly,Kevin J A1 - Galek,Kathleen A1 - Handzo,George F VL - 35 IS - 3 PY - 2005/// N1 -Although a substantial number of studies have documented the spiritual needs of hospitalized patients, few have examined the prevalence of these needs and even fewer have attempted to measure the extent to which they are being met. Since chaplains are the primary providers of spiritual care, chaplains’ visits to patients would appear to provide a reasonable proxy for the latter. Based on the limited data available, we estimated the proportion of hospitalized patients who are visited by chaplains. Our analyses yielded a point estimate of 20% (+/- 10%), depending on a number of factors.
N2 - Although a substantial number of studies have documented the spiritual needs of hospitalized patients, few have examined the prevalence of these needs and even fewer have attempted to measure the extent to which they are being met. Since chaplains are the primary providers of spiritual care, chaplains' visits to patients would appear to provide a reasonable proxy for the latter. Based on the limited data available, we estimated the proportion of hospitalized patients who are visited by chaplains. Our analyses yielded a point estimate of 20% (+/- 10%), depending on a number of factors. KW - Chaplaincy Service, Hospital KW - Health Services Needs and Demand KW - Hospitalization KW - Humans KW - Mental Disorders KW - spirituality SP - 319 EP - 323 SN - 0091-2174 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16480247 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8443 T1 - Toward a unified field of study: longevity, regeneration, and protection of health through meditation and related practices JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences JA - Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci M3 - 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04959.x A1 - Bushell,William C A1 - Theise,Neil D VL - 1172 PY - 2009/08// N1 -The orientation of this volume and the Longevity and Optimal Health: Integrating Eastern and Western Perspectives conference is that there is abundant evidence in the scientific and medical literatures that the diligent practice of certain yoga-meditational regimens can lead to a spectrum of health enhancements, ranging from modest to profound, and that these can be investigated in a scientifically rigorous fashion. This overview will summarize these possibilities regarding improved human longevity, regeneration, and protection of health and serve to introduce the perspectives of conference participants from all of the traditions represented.
N2 - The orientation of this volume and the Longevity and Optimal Health: Integrating Eastern and Western Perspectives conference is that there is abundant evidence in the scientific and medical literatures that the diligent practice of certain yoga-meditational regimens can lead to a spectrum of health enhancements, ranging from modest to profound, and that these can be investigated in a scientifically rigorous fashion. This overview will summarize these possibilities regarding improved human longevity, regeneration, and protection of health and serve to introduce the perspectives of conference participants from all of the traditions represented. KW - Health promotion KW - Humans KW - Longevity KW - Meditation KW - yoga SP - 5 EP - 19 SN - 1749-6632 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19735235 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8444 T1 - Transformative practices for integrating mind-body-spirit JF - Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.) JA - J Altern Complement Med A1 - Luskin,Frederic VL - 10 Suppl 1 PY - 2004/// N1 -This paper explores the clinical use of transformative practices that arose from the varied religious traditions of the world. Examples include prayer, meditation, mantra, affirmation, tai chi, and yoga. The purpose of these practices was to lead the practitioner to long term spiritual transformation toward an enhanced awareness of spirit, and a corresponding diminishment of identification with the mental and physical aspects of life. Unfortunately, the vagueness of the definition of transformation demonstrates that it is a broad and diffuse multidimensional concept difficult to quantify and resistant to rigorous research. However, these spiritual practices, offered as interventions separate from their spiritual tradition, have begun to be evaluated to document their effect on psychological and physical well-being. Currently, there are a number of well-designed studies that attest to the health-enhancing and suffering-reducing benefits derived from religiously transformative practices. There also is research, although sporadic and mostly on forgiveness, slowly emerging to show that prosocial positive emotion skills can be taught, and when measured, demonstrate benefit. Randomized trials of transformative practices are needed to help all levels of the health care system focus their attention on the manifestations and effect of the care delivered.
N2 - This paper explores the clinical use of transformative practices that arose from the varied religious traditions of the world. Examples include prayer, meditation, mantra, affirmation, tai chi, and yoga. The purpose of these practices was to lead the practitioner to long term spiritual transformation toward an enhanced awareness of spirit, and a corresponding diminishment of identification with the mental and physical aspects of life. Unfortunately, the vagueness of the definition of transformation demonstrates that it is a broad and diffuse multidimensional concept difficult to quantify and resistant to rigorous research. However, these spiritual practices, offered as interventions separate from their spiritual tradition, have begun to be evaluated to document their effect on psychological and physical well-being. Currently, there are a number of well-designed studies that attest to the health-enhancing and suffering-reducing benefits derived from religiously transformative practices. There also is research, although sporadic and mostly on forgiveness, slowly emerging to show that prosocial positive emotion skills can be taught, and when measured, demonstrate benefit. Randomized trials of transformative practices are needed to help all levels of the health care system focus their attention on the manifestations and effect of the care delivered. KW - Attitude to Health KW - Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Holistic Health KW - Humans KW - Mind-Body Relations (Metaphysics) KW - Quality Assurance, Health Care KW - Quality of Life KW - Research Design KW - Self Care KW - Spiritual Therapies KW - spirituality SP - S15-23 EP - S15-23 SN - 1075-5535 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/15630819 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8445 T1 - Utilization of Complementary and Alternative Medicine by United States Adults: Results from the 1999 National Health Interview Survey JF - Medical Care A1 - Ni,Hanyu A1 - Simile,Catherine A1 - Hardy,Ann M. VL - 40 IS - 4 PY - 2002/04// SP - 353 EP - 358 SN - 00257079 UR - http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/3767839 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8446 T1 - What do family physicians think about spirituality in clinical practice? JF - The Journal of Family Practice JA - J Fam Pract A1 - Ellis,Mark R A1 - Campbell,James D A1 - Detwiler-Breidenbach,Ann A1 - Hubbard,Dena K VL - 51 IS - 3 PY - 2002/03// N1 -Objectives To describe the context in which physicians address patients’ spiritual concerns, including their attitudes toward this task, cues to discussion, practice patterns, and barriers and facilitators. Study Design: This was a qualitative study using semistructured interviews of 13 family physicians. Population: We selected board-certified Missouri family physicians in a nonrandom fashion to represent a range of demographic factors (age, sex, religious background), practice types (academic/community practice; urban/rural), and opinions and practice regarding physicians’ roles in addressing patients’ spiritual issues. Outcomes measured: We coded and evaluated transcribed interviews for themes. Results: Physicians who reported regularly addressing spiritual issues do so because of the primacy of spirituality in their lives and because of the scientific evidence associating spirituality with health. Respondents noted that patients’ spiritual questions arise from their unique responses to chronic illness, terminal illness, and life stressors. Physicians reported varying approaches to spiritual assessment; affirmed that spiritual discussions should be approached with sensitivity and integrity; and reported physician, patient, mutual physician-patient, and situational barriers. Facilitators of spiritual discussions included physicians’ modeling a life that includes a spiritual focus. Conclusions: These physicians differ in their comfort and practice of addressing spiritual issues with patients but affirm a role for family physicians in responding to patients’ spiritual concerns. Factors that form a context for discussions of spiritual issues with patients include perceived barriers, physicians’ role definition, familiarity with factors likely to prompt spiritual questions, and recognition of principles guiding spiritual discussions.
N2 - OBJECTIVES: To describe the context in which physicians address patients' spiritual concerns, including their attitudes toward this task, cues to discussion, practice patterns, and barriers and facilitators. STUDY DESIGN: This was a qualitative study using semistructured interviews of 13 family physicians. POPULATION: We selected board-certified Missouri family physicians in a nonrandom fashion to represent a range of demographic factors (age, sex, religious background), practice types (academic/community practice; urban/rural), and opinions and practice regarding physicians' roles in addressing patients' spiritual issues. OUTCOMES MEASURED: We coded and evaluated transcribed interviews for themes. RESULTS: Physicians who reported regularly addressing spiritual issues do so because of the primacy of spirituality in their lives and because of the scientific evidence associating spirituality with health. Respondents noted that patients' spiritual questions arise from their unique responses to chronic illness, terminal illness, and life stressors. Physicians reported varying approaches to spiritual assessment; affirmed that spiritual discussions should be approached with sensitivity and integrity; and reported physician, patient, mutual physician-patient, and situational barriers. Facilitators of spiritual discussions included physicians' modeling a life that includes a spiritual focus. CONCLUSIONS: These physicians differ in their comfort and practice of addressing spiritual issues with patients but affirm a role for family physicians in responding to patients' spiritual concerns. Factors that form a context for discussions of spiritual issues with patients include perceived barriers, physicians' role definition, familiarity with factors likely to prompt spiritual questions, and recognition of principles guiding spiritual discussions. KW - Adult KW - Attitude of Health Personnel KW - Family Practice KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Missouri KW - Physician-Patient Relations KW - Physician's Role KW - Religion and Medicine KW - spirituality SP - 249 EP - 254 SN - 0094-3509 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11978236 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8447 T1 - Wholistic care. Healing a "sick" system JF - Nursing Management JA - Nurs Manage A1 - Schuster,S J VL - 28 IS - 6 PY - 1997/06// N1 -A contemporary health system seeks to overcome the excesses and shortcomings of the medical model by integrating wholistic concepts and practices into the medical care it provides. Established on the grounds of an acute care hospital as one of its departments, the Franciscan Wholistic Health Center’s (FWHC) goal-explicit spirituality and the involvement of FWHC staff in their own as well as their client’s spiritual development-distinguishes it from other efforts.
N2 - A contemporary health system seeks to overcome the excesses and shortcomings of the medical model by integrating wholistic concepts and practices into the medical care it provides. Established on the grounds of an acute care hospital as one of its departments, the Franciscan Wholistic Health Center's (FWHC) goal-explicit spirituality and the involvement of FWHC staff in their own as well as their client's spiritual development-distinguishes it from other efforts. KW - Delivery of Health Care KW - Holistic Health KW - Hospitals, Religious KW - Humans KW - Mental Healing KW - Philosophy, Nursing KW - Religion and Medicine SP - 56-59; quiz 60 EP - 56-59; quiz 60 SN - 0744-6314 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9325917 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8448 T1 - Why Patients Use Alternative Medicine: Results of a National Study JF - JAMA M3 - 10.1001/jama.279.19.1548 A1 - Astin,John A. VL - 279 IS - 19 PY - 1998/05/20/ N1 -Context.-- Research both in the United States and abroad suggests that significant numbers of people are involved with various forms of alternative medicine. However, the reasons for such use are, at present, poorly understood. Objective.-- To investigate possible predictors of alternative health care use. Methods.-- Three primary hypotheses were tested. People seek out these alternatives because (1) they are dissatisfied in some way with conventional treatment; (2) they see alternative treatments as offering more personal autonomy and control over health care decisions; and (3) the alternatives are seen as more compatible with the patients’ values, worldview, or beliefs regarding the nature and meaning of health and illness. Additional predictor variables explored included demographics and health status. Design.-- A written survey examining use of alternative health care, health status, values, and attitudes toward conventional medicine. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used in an effort to identify predictors of alternative health care use. Setting and Participants.-- A total of 1035 individuals randomly selected from a panel who had agreed to participate in mail surveys and who live throughout the United States. Main Outcome Measure.-- Use of alternative medicine within the previous year. Results.-- The response rate was 69%.The following variables emerged as predictors of alternative health care use: more education (odds ratio [OR], 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-1.3); poorer health status (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.5); a holistic orientation to health (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.9); having had a transformational experience that changed the person’s worldview (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3-2.5); any of the following health problems: anxiety (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.6-6.0); back problems (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.7-3.2); chronic pain (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.5); urinary tract problems (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.3-3.5); and classification in a cultural group identifiable by their commitment to environmentalism, commitment to feminism, and interest in spirituality and personal growth psychology (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.4-2.7). Dissatisfaction with conventional medicine did not predict use of alternative medicine. Only 4.4% of those surveyed reported relying primarily on alternative therapies. Conclusion.-- Along with being more educated and reporting poorer health status, the majority of alternative medicine users appear to be doing so not so much as a result of being dissatisfied with conventional medicine but largely because they find these health care alternatives to be more congruent with their own values, beliefs, and philosophical orientations toward health and life.
N2 - Context.-- Research both in the United States and abroad suggests that significant numbers of people are involved with various forms of alternative medicine. However, the reasons for such use are, at present, poorly understood. Objective.-- To investigate possible predictors of alternative health care use. Methods.-- Three primary hypotheses were tested. People seek out these alternatives because (1) they are dissatisfied in some way with conventional treatment; (2) they see alternative treatments as offering more personal autonomy and control over health care decisions; and (3) the alternatives are seen as more compatible with the patients' values, worldview, or beliefs regarding the nature and meaning of health and illness. Additional predictor variables explored included demographics and health status. Design.-- A written survey examining use of alternative health care, health status, values, and attitudes toward conventional medicine. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used in an effort to identify predictors of alternative health care use. Setting and Participants.-- A total of 1035 individuals randomly selected from a panel who had agreed to participate in mail surveys and who live throughout the United States. Main Outcome Measure.-- Use of alternative medicine within the previous year. Results.-- The response rate was 69%.The following variables emerged as predictors of alternative health care use: more education (odds ratio [OR], 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-1.3); poorer health status (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.5); a holistic orientation to health (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.9); having had a transformational experience that changed the person's worldview (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3-2.5); any of the following health problems: anxiety (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.6-6.0); back problems (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.7-3.2); chronic pain (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.5); urinary tract problems (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.3-3.5); and classification in a cultural group identifiable by their commitment to environmentalism, commitment to feminism, and interest in spirituality and personal growth psychology (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.4-2.7). Dissatisfaction with conventional medicine did not predict use of alternative medicine. Only 4.4% of those surveyed reported relying primarily on alternative therapies. Conclusion.-- Along with being more educated and reporting poorer health status, the majority of alternative medicine users appear to be doing so not so much as a result of being dissatisfied with conventional medicine but largely because they find these health care alternatives to be more congruent with their own values, beliefs, and philosophical orientations toward health and life. SP - 1548 EP - 1553 UR - http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/279/19/1548 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8449 T1 - About Intercessory Prayer: The Scientific Study of Miracles JF - Medscape General Medicine JA - MedGenMed. A1 - Gaudia,Gil VL - 9 IS - 1 PY - 2007/// SP - 56 EP - 56 UR - http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1924985 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8450 T1 - An evaluation of the evidence in "evidence-based" integrative medicine programs JF - Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges JA - Acad Med M3 - 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181b185f4 A1 - Marcus,Donald M A1 - McCullough,Laurence VL - 84 IS - 9 PY - 2009/09// N1 -Alternative therapies are popular, and information about them should be included in the curricula of health profession schools. During 2000 to 2003, the National Institutes of Health National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine awarded five-year education grants to 14 health professions schools in the United States and to the American Medical Students Association Foundation. The purpose of the grants was to integrate evidence-based information about complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) into the curriculum. The authors reviewed the educational material concerning four popular CAM therapies-herbal remedies, chiropractic, acupuncture, and homeopathy-posted on the integrative medicine Web sites of the grant recipients and compared it with the best evidence available. The curricula on the integrative medicine sites were strongly biased in favor of CAM, many of the references were to poor-quality clinical trials, and they were five to six years out of date. These “evidence-based CAM” curricula, which are used all over the country, fail to meet the generally accepted standards of evidence-based medicine. By tolerating this situation, health professions schools are not meeting their educational and ethical obligations to learners, patients, or society. Because integrative medicine programs have failed to uphold educational standards, medical and nursing schools need to assume responsibility for their oversight. The authors suggest (1) appointing faculty committees to review the educational materials and therapies provided by integrative medicine programs, (2) holding integrative medicine programs’ education about CAM to the same standard of evidence used for conventional treatments, and (3) providing ongoing oversight of integrative medicine education programs.
N2 - Alternative therapies are popular, and information about them should be included in the curricula of health profession schools. During 2000 to 2003, the National Institutes of Health National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine awarded five-year education grants to 14 health professions schools in the United States and to the American Medical Students Association Foundation. The purpose of the grants was to integrate evidence-based information about complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) into the curriculum. The authors reviewed the educational material concerning four popular CAM therapies-herbal remedies, chiropractic, acupuncture, and homeopathy-posted on the integrative medicine Web sites of the grant recipients and compared it with the best evidence available. The curricula on the integrative medicine sites were strongly biased in favor of CAM, many of the references were to poor-quality clinical trials, and they were five to six years out of date. These "evidence-based CAM" curricula, which are used all over the country, fail to meet the generally accepted standards of evidence-based medicine. By tolerating this situation, health professions schools are not meeting their educational and ethical obligations to learners, patients, or society. Because integrative medicine programs have failed to uphold educational standards, medical and nursing schools need to assume responsibility for their oversight. The authors suggest (1) appointing faculty committees to review the educational materials and therapies provided by integrative medicine programs, (2) holding integrative medicine programs' education about CAM to the same standard of evidence used for conventional treatments, and (3) providing ongoing oversight of integrative medicine education programs. KW - Complementary Therapies KW - Curriculum KW - Education, Medical, Undergraduate KW - Evidence-Based Medicine KW - Humans SP - 1229 EP - 1234 SN - 1938-808X UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19707062 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8451 T1 - Are there demonstrable effects of distant intercessory prayer? A meta-analytic review JF - Annals of Behavioral Medicine: A Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine JA - Ann Behav Med M3 - 10.1207/s15324796abm3201_3 A1 - Masters,Kevin S A1 - Spielmans,Glen I A1 - Goodson,Jason T VL - 32 IS - 1 PY - 2006/08// N1 -Background: The use of alternative treatments for illness is common in the United States. Practitioners of these interventions find them compatible with personal philosophies. Consequently, distant intercessory prayer (IP) for healing is one of the most commonly practiced alternative interventions and has recently become the topic of scientific scrutiny. Purpose: This study was designed to provide a current meta-analytic review of the effects of IP and to assess the impact of potential moderator variables. Methods: A random effects model was adopted. Outcomes across dependent measures within each study were pooled to arrive at one omnibus effect size. These were combined to generate the overall effect size. A test of homogeneity and examination of several potential moderator variables was conducted. Results: Fourteen studies were included in the meta-analysis yielding an overall effect size of g = .100 that did not differ from zero. When one controversial study was removed, the effect size reduced to g = .012. No moderator variables significantly influenced results. Conclusions: There is no scientifically discernable effect for IP as assessed in controlled studies. Given that the IP literature lacks a theoretical or theological base and has failed to produce significant findings in controlled trials, we recommend that further resources not be allocated to this line of research.
N2 - BACKGROUND: The use of alternative treatments for illness is common in the United States. Practitioners of these interventions find them compatible with personal philosophies. Consequently, distant intercessory prayer (IP) for healing is one of the most commonly practiced alternative interventions and has recently become the topic of scientific scrutiny. PURPOSE: This study was designed to provide a current meta-analytic review of the effects of IP and to assess the impact of potential moderator variables. METHODS: A random effects model was adopted. Outcomes across dependent measures within each study were pooled to arrive at one omnibus effect size. These were combined to generate the overall effect size. A test of homogeneity and examination of several potential moderator variables was conducted. RESULTS: Fourteen studies were included in the meta-analysis yielding an overall effect size of g = .100 that did not differ from zero. When one controversial study was removed, the effect size reduced to g = .012. No moderator variables significantly influenced results. CONCLUSIONS: There is no scientifically discernable effect for IP as assessed in controlled studies. Given that the IP literature lacks a theoretical or theological base and has failed to produce significant findings in controlled trials, we recommend that further resources not be allocated to this line of research. KW - Behavioral Medicine KW - Health Services Accessibility KW - Helping Behavior SP - 21 EP - 26 SN - 0883-6612 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/16827626 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 8452 T1 - Blind Faith: The Unholy Alliance of Religion and Medicine A1 - Sloan,Richard P. PB - St. Martin's Griffin PY - 2008/03/18/ SN - 0312348827 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8453 T1 - Claims about religious involvement and health outcomes JF - Annals of Behavioral Medicine: A Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine JA - Ann Behav Med A1 - Sloan,Richard P A1 - Bagiella,Emilia VL - 24 IS - 1 PY - 2002/// N1 -Claims about religion, spirituality, and health have recently appeared with increasing frequency, in both the popular media and professional journals. These claims have asserted that there are a great many studies in the literature that have examined relations between religious involvement and health outcomes and that the majority of them have shown that religious people are healthier. We examined the validity of these claims in two ways: (a) To determine the percentage of articles in the literature that were potentially relevant to such a claim, we identified all English-language articles with published abstracts identified by a Medline search using the search term religion in the year 2000, and (b) to examine the quality of the data in articles cited as providing supportfor such a claim, we examined all articles in the area of cardiovascular disease and hypertension cited by two comprehensive reviews of the literature. Of the 266 articles published in the year 2000 and identified by the Medline search, only 17% were relevant to claims of health benefits associated with religious involvement. About half of the articles cited in the comprehensive reviews were irrelevant to these claims. Of those that actually were relevant, many either had significant methodological flaws or were misrepresented, leaving only afew articles that could truly be described as demonstrating beneficial effects of religious involvement. We conclude that there is little empirical basis for assertions that religious involvement or activity is associated with beneficial health outcomes.
N2 - Claims about religion, spirituality, and health have recently appeared with increasing frequency, in both the popular media and professional journals. These claims have asserted that there are a great many studies in the literature that have examined relations between religious involvement and health outcomes and that the majority of them have shown that religious people are healthier. We examined the validity of these claims in two ways: (a) To determine the percentage of articles in the literature that were potentially relevant to such a claim, we identified all English-language articles with published abstracts identified by a Medline search using the search term religion in the year 2000, and (b) to examine the quality of the data in articles cited as providing supportfor such a claim, we examined all articles in the area of cardiovascular disease and hypertension cited by two comprehensive reviews of the literature. Of the 266 articles published in the year 2000 and identified by the Medline search, only 17% were relevant to claims of health benefits associated with religious involvement. About half of the articles cited in the comprehensive reviews were irrelevant to these claims. Of those that actually were relevant, many either had significant methodological flaws or were misrepresented, leaving only afew articles that could truly be described as demonstrating beneficial effects of religious involvement. We conclude that there is little empirical basis for assertions that religious involvement or activity is associated with beneficial health outcomes. KW - Cardiovascular Diseases KW - Decision Making KW - Humans KW - Hypertension KW - Outcome Assessment (Health Care) KW - Religion and Medicine KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Research Design SP - 14 EP - 21 SN - 0883-6612 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12008790 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 8454 T1 - Clear Thinking with Psychology: Separating Sense from Nonsense A1 - Ruscio,John PB - Wadsworth Publishing PY - 2001/07/13/ N1 -Do your students have the tools to distinguish between the true science of human thought and behavior, and pop psychology? Ruscio’s new book provides a tangible and compelling framework for making that distinction. Because we are inundated with “scientific” claims, the author does not merely differentiate science and pseudoscience, but goes further to teach the fundamentals of scientific reasoning on which students can base their evaluation of information.
SN - 053453659X ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8455 T1 - Data Without a Prayer JF - Archives of Internal Medicine M3 - 10.1001/archinte.160.12.1870 A1 - Sloan,Richard P. A1 - Bagiella,Emilia VL - 160 IS - 12 PY - 2000/06/26/ N2 - Letter SP - 1870 EP - 1870 UR - http://archinte.ama-assn.org ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8456 T1 - Don't let ideology trump science JF - Science A1 - Leshner,A.I. VL - 302 IS - 5650 PY - 2003/11/28/ SP - 1479 EP - 1479 SN - 0036-8075 UR - http://apps.isiknowledge.com.ezproxy.bu.edu/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=1&SID=4BO33d5AnCKg2p@8AOA&page=1&doc=1 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8457 T1 - Experiments on Distant Intercessory Prayer: God, Science, and the Lesson of Massah JF - Archives of Internal Medicine M3 - 10.1001/archinte.161.21.2529 A1 - Chibnall,John T. A1 - Jeral,Joseph M. A1 - Cerullo,Michael A. VL - 161 IS - 21 PY - 2001/11/26/ N1 -EXPERIMENTAL studies on the health effects of distant intercession (prayer) ignore important facets of construct validity, philosophy of science, and theology while focusing on issues like randomization and double-blinding. These tendencies reflect a desire on the part of researchers to remove nature as a causal factor when intercession seems efficacious. We argue that close attention to construct validity of cause-and-effect variables invalidates distant intercessory prayer as a scientific construct. Further, the application of statistical techniques to metaphysical causal phenomena is critiqued. We conclude that research on the effects of religion and spirituality on health should avoid attempting to validate God through scientific methods.
N2 - EXPERIMENTAL studies on the health effects of distant intercession (prayer) ignore important facets of construct validity, philosophy of science, and theology while focusing on issues like randomization and double-blinding. These tendencies reflect a desire on the part of researchers to remove nature as a causal factor when intercession seems efficacious. We argue that close attention to construct validity of cause-and-effect variables invalidates distant intercessory prayer as a scientific construct. Further, the application of statistical techniques to metaphysical causal phenomena is critiqued. We conclude that research on the effects of religion and spirituality on health should avoid attempting to validate God through scientific methods. SP - 2529 EP - 2536 UR - http://archinte.ama-assn.org ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8458 T1 - Flying carpets and scientific prayers. Scientific experiments claiming that distant intercessory prayer produces salubrious effects are deeply flawed JF - Scientific American JA - Sci. Am A1 - Shermer,Michael VL - 291 IS - 5 PY - 2004/11// N2 - Scientific experiments claiming that distant intercessory prayer produces salubrious effects are deeply flawed KW - Faith Healing SP - 34 EP - 34 SN - 0036-8733 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/15521144 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 8459 T1 - Heal Thyself: Spirituality, Medicine, and the Distortion of Christianity A1 - Shuman,Joel James A1 - Meador,Keith G. PB - Oxford University Press, USA PY - 2002/12// N1 -In recent years, a movement stressing a causal relationship between spirituality and good health has captured the public imagination. Told that research demonstrates that people of strong faith are healthier, physicians and clergy alike urge us to become more religious. The religion and health movement, as it has become known, has attracted its fair share of skeptics. While most root their criticism in science or secularism, the authors of Heal Thyself, one a theological ethicist, the other a physician, instead challenge the basic precepts of the movement from the standpoint of Christian theology. Heal Thyself argues that popular culture’s fascination with the health benefits of religion reflects not the renaissance of religious tradition but the powerful combination of consumer capitalism and self-interested individualism. A faith-for-health exchange misrepresents and devalues the true meaning of faith. For Christians, being religious does not mean enlisting faith as a vehicle to get what we want--be it health or wealth--but rather learning by faith to want the right things at the right time, and to live with a spirit of gratitude and hope.
SN - 019515469X ER - TY - BOOK ID - 8460 T1 - Healing, Hype, or Harm?: A Critical Analysis of Complementary or Alternative Medicine A1 - Ernst,Edzard PB - Imprint Academic PY - 2008/09/01/ N1 -The scientists writing this book are not ‘against’ complementary or alternative medicine (CAM), but they are very much ‘for’ evidence-based medicine and single standards. They aim to counter-balance the many uncritical books on CAM and to stimulate intelligent, well-informed public debate.
SN - 1845401182 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8461 T1 - Prayer, Science, and the Moral Life of Medicine JF - Archives of Internal Medicine M3 - 10.1001/archinte.163.12.1405 A1 - Bishop,Jeffrey P. VL - 163 IS - 12 PY - 2003/06/23/ SP - 1405 EP - 1408 UR - http://archinte.ama-assn.org ER - TY - BOOK ID - 8462 T1 - Quackery unmasked: or, A consideration of the most prominent empirical schemes of the present time, with an enumeration of some of the causes which contribute to their support A1 - King,Dan PB - D. Clapp PY - 1858/// UR - http://www.archive.org/details/quackeryunmaske00kinggoog ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8463 T1 - Reconsidering spirituality and medicine JF - Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges JA - Acad Med A1 - Scheurich,Neil VL - 78 IS - 4 PY - 2003/04// N1 -Increasing awareness of possible links between religion and health has led to greater attention to spirituality and medicine in medical education; both trends have culminated in vigorous debate about the place of spirituality and related values in medical care. The author argues that due to basic ambiguities of the term “spirituality” as well as prevailing biases of both patients and practitioners, this debate risks valorizing theistic religious views, a trend that would be to the detriment of physicians, residents, and students who happen to be non-believers or adherents of minority faiths. It is maintained that philosophical value theory, a broad inquiry into value and meaning that is carefully neutral as regards religious matters, provides the greatest possible protection of both secular and non-secular world views. A notion of “separation of church and medicine,” similar in some ways to the well-known political model, is proposed. Because so many issues of meaning and value may be relevant to health, vigilance is required to properly delineate the purview of medicine. The author concludes by proposing that a medicine that neither exalts nor demeans religious belief but rather situates the latter among the countless values persons may hold should be the goal.
N2 - Increasing awareness of possible links between religion and health has led to greater attention to spirituality and medicine in medical education; both trends have culminated in vigorous debate about the place of spirituality and related values in medical care. The author argues that due to basic ambiguities of the term "spirituality" as well as prevailing biases of both patients and practitioners, this debate risks valorizing theistic religious views, a trend that would be to the detriment of physicians, residents, and students who happen to be non-believers or adherents of minority faiths. It is maintained that philosophical value theory, a broad inquiry into value and meaning that is carefully neutral as regards religious matters, provides the greatest possible protection of both secular and non-secular world views. A notion of "separation of church and medicine," similar in some ways to the well-known political model, is proposed. Because so many issues of meaning and value may be relevant to health, vigilance is required to properly delineate the purview of medicine. The author concludes by proposing that a medicine that neither exalts nor demeans religious belief but rather situates the latter among the countless values persons may hold should be the goal. KW - Education, Medical KW - Humans KW - Physician-Patient Relations KW - Religion and Medicine KW - Social Values KW - spirituality KW - United States SP - 356 EP - 360 SN - 1040-2446 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/12691963 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8464 T1 - Religion, spirituality, and medicine JF - The Lancet M3 - 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)07376-0 A1 - Sloan,R.P. A1 - Bagiella,E. A1 - Powell,T. VL - 353 IS - 9153 PY - 1999/02// N1 -Religion and science share a complex history as well as a complex present. At various times worldwide, medical and spiritual care was dispensed by the same person. At other times, passionate (even violent) conflicts characterised the association between religion and medicine and science. As interest in alternative and complementary medicine has grown, the notion of linking religious and medical interventions has become widely popular, especially in the USA. For many people, religious and spiritual activities provide comfort in the face of illness. However, as US medical schools increasingly offer courses in religion and spirituality1 and as reports continue to indicate interest in this subject among both physicians and the general public, it is essential to examine how, if at all, medicine should address these issues. Here, in a comprehensive, though not systematic, review of the empirical evidence and ethical issues we make an initial attempt at such an examination.
N2 - Religion and science share a complex history as well as a complex present. At various times worldwide, medical and spiritual care was dispensed by the same person. At other times, passionate (even violent) conflicts characterised the association between religion and medicine and science. As interest in alternative and complementary medicine has grown, the notion of linking religious and medical interventions has become widely popular, especially in the USA. For many people, religious and spiritual activities provide comfort in the face of illness. However, as US medical schools increasingly offer courses in religion and spirituality1 and as reports continue to indicate interest in this subject among both physicians and the general public, it is essential to examine how, if at all, medicine should address these issues. Here, in a comprehensive, though not systematic, review of the empirical evidence and ethical issues we make an initial attempt at such an examination. SP - 664 EP - 667 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.bu.edu/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T1B-476DJM0-Y&_user=489277&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000022679&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=489277&md5=31e7947eca5378a37318977cf237a598 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8465 T1 - Research Into Complementary And Alternative Medicine: Problems And Potential JF - BMJ: British Medical Journal A1 - Nahin,Richard L. A1 - Straus,Stephen E. VL - 322 IS - 7279 PY - 2001/01/20/ SP - 161 EP - 164 SN - 09598138 UR - http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/25466025 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 8466 T1 - Science and Pseudoscience in Clinical Psychology A1 - Lilienfeld,Scott O. A1 - Lynn,Steven Jay A1 - Lohr,Jeffrey M. PB - The Guilford Press PY - 2004/07/26/ SN - 1593850700 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 8467 T1 - Science Meets Alternative Medicine: What the Evidence Says About Unconventional Treatments A1 - Sampson,Wallace A1 - Vaughn,Lewis PB - Prometheus Books PY - 2000/06/15/ N1 -Commercial radio and television, the Internet, and the vast majority of print media have spawned a promotion bonanza for herbal remedies and alternative therapies -- e.g., acupuncture, homeopathy, Ayurvedic medicine, aroma therapy, therapeutic touch, and many others. These therapies claim to do what scientific, evidence-based medicine sometimes cannot -- provide cures for a wide variety of diseases and physical ailments. How can the average consumer find objective, scientific information evaluating these products and treatments? Without reliable data from scientifically qualified sources, consumers run the risk of wasting their money, or worse, endangering their health. This authoritative collection of research articles by reputable scientists is dedicated exclusively to the careful scrutiny of the claims of alternative medicine. Using scientific and rational criteria, well-respected scientists and physicians review available evidence for therapeutic claims, critique published studies, and discuss the methods and principles of valid research. Among the topics covered are the origins of alternative medicine and current trends; the theories and therapies of Andrew Weil, naturopathy, therapeutic touch, and colloidal silver treatment; the psychological dimensions of belief in unvconventional treatments; and the ethics of promoting unproven treatments.
SN - 1573928038 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8468 T1 - Science, Medicine, and Intercessory Prayer JF - Perspectives in Biology and Medicine A1 - Sloan,Richard P. A1 - Ramakrishnan,Rajasekhar. VL - 49 IS - 4 PY - 2006/// N1 -Among the many recent attempts to demonstrate the medical benefits of religious activity, the methodologically strongest seem to be studies of the effects of distant intercessory prayer (IP). In these studies, patients are randomly assigned to receive standard care or standard care plus the prayers or “healing intentions” of distant intercessors. Most of the scientific community has dismissed such research, but cavalier rejection of studies of IP is unwise, because IP studies appear to conform to the standards of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and, as such, would have a significant advantage over observational investigations of associations between religious variables and health outcomes. As we demonstrate, however, studies of IP fail to meet the standards of RCTs in several critical respects. They fail to adequately measure and control exposure to prayer from others, which is likely to exceed IP and to vary widely from subject to subject, and whose magnitude is unknown. This supplemental prayer so greatly attenuates the differences between the treatment and control groups that sample sizes are too large to justify studies of IP. Further, IP studies generally do not specify the outcome variables, raising problems of multiple comparisons and Type 1 errors. Finally, these studies claim findings incompatible with current views of the physical universe and consciousness. Unless these problems are solved, studies of IP should not be conducted.
N2 - Among the many recent attempts to demonstrate the medical benefits of religious activity, the methodologically strongest seem to be studies of the effects of distant intercessory prayer (IP). In these studies, patients are randomly assigned to receive standard care or standard care plus the prayers or "healing intentions" of distant intercessors. Most of the scientific community has dismissed such research, but cavalier rejection of studies of IP is unwise, because IP studies appear to conform to the standards of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and, as such, would have a significant advantage over observational investigations of associations between religious variables and health outcomes. As we demonstrate, however, studies of IP fail to meet the standards of RCTs in several critical respects. They fail to adequately measure and control exposure to prayer from others, which is likely to exceed IP and to vary widely from subject to subject, and whose magnitude is unknown. This supplemental prayer so greatly attenuates the differences between the treatment and control groups that sample sizes are too large to justify studies of IP. Further, IP studies generally do not specify the outcome variables, raising problems of multiple comparisons and Type 1 errors. Finally, these studies claim findings incompatible with current views of the physical universe and consciousness. Unless these problems are solved, studies of IP should not be conducted. SP - 504 EP - 514 SN - 1529-8795 UR - http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu/journals/perspectives_in_biology_and_medicine/v049/49.4sloan.html ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8469 T1 - Should physicians prescribe religious activities? JF - The New England Journal of Medicine JA - N. Engl. J. Med A1 - Sloan,R P A1 - Bagiella,E A1 - VandeCreek,L A1 - Hover,M A1 - Casalone,C A1 - Jinpu Hirsch,T A1 - Hasan,Y A1 - Kreger,R A1 - Poulos,P VL - 342 IS - 25 PY - 2000/06/22/ KW - Attitude to Health KW - Cultural Diversity KW - Data Collection KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Physician's Role KW - Professional-Patient Relations KW - Religion and Medicine KW - spirituality KW - United States SP - 1913 EP - 1916 SN - 0028-4793 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10861331 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 8470 T1 - Snake Oil Science: The Truth about Complementary and Alternative Medicine A1 - Bausell,R. Barker PB - Oxford University Press PY - 2007/10/31/ SN - 0195313682 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8471 T1 - Spirituality and medical practice: a look at the evidence JF - American Family Physician JA - Am Fam Physician A1 - Sloan,R P A1 - Bagiella,E VL - 63 IS - 1 PY - 2001/01/01/ N1 -In the general public and within medicine, interest in the possibility that religious and spiritual activity may confer health benefits is increasing, as the article by Anandarajah and Hight1 in this issue of American Family Physician clearly demonstrates. The empiric support required to convert this interest into recommendations for medical practice is weak and inconclusive at best, with most studies having numerous methodologic shortcomings.2 Even if there were methodologically solid findings demonstrating associations between religious and spiritual activities and health outcomes, problems would still exist.
N2 - In the general public and within medicine, interest in the possibility that religious and spiritual activity may confer health benefits is increasing, as the article by Anandarajah and Hight1 in this issue of American Family Physician clearly demonstrates. The empiric support required to convert this interest into recommendations for medical practice is weak and inconclusive at best, with most studies having numerous methodologic shortcomings.2 Even if there were methodologically solid findings demonstrating associations between religious and spiritual activities and health outcomes, problems would still exist. KW - Ethics, Medical KW - Evidence-Based Medicine KW - Medical History Taking KW - United States SP - 33 EP - 34 SN - 0002-838X UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/11195768 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8472 T1 - Spirituality: the emperor's new clothes? JF - Journal of Clinical Nursing JA - J Clin Nurs A1 - Bash,Anthony VL - 13 IS - 1 PY - 2004/01// N1 -Background: This paper explores the concept of ‘spirituality’ with reference to the Patients’ Charter that stipulates that a person’s religious, spiritual and cultural needs should be respected at all times. Aims and Objectives The aim is to offer a critical analysis of what the word ‘spirituality’ may mean when used in the Patients’ Charter and to explore the implications of this for clinical practice. Design: A critical discussion based on a literature review, examining in particular methodological presuppositions. Methods: The meaning of ‘spirituality’ in the Judaeo-Christian biblical traditions is explored. Some of the heuristic assumptions in contemporary research on ‘spirituality’ are examined. Philosophical (i.e. non-scientific) and scientific questions to do with ‘spirituality’ are disentangled. Results and Conclusions: The paper concludes that: (i) ‘Spirituality’ is an elastic term not capable of universal definition as each person’s spirituality is an individual matter for them and (ii) tools that are being developed for identifying a person’s spirituality run the risk of making wrong presuppositions about what comprises spirituality. Relevance to Clinical Practice: It is unlikely that tools can be developed that are widely applicable for identifying and assessing spirituality.
N2 - BACKGROUND: This paper explores the concept of 'spirituality' with reference to the Patients' Charter that stipulates that a person's religious, spiritual and cultural needs should be respected at all times. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim is to offer a critical analysis of what the word 'spirituality' may mean when used in the Patients' Charter and to explore the implications of this for clinical practice. DESIGN: A critical discussion based on a literature review, examining in particular methodological presuppositions. METHODS: The meaning of 'spirituality' in the Judaeo-Christian biblical traditions is explored. Some of the heuristic assumptions in contemporary research on 'spirituality' are examined. Philosophical (i.e. non-scientific) and scientific questions to do with 'spirituality' are disentangled. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The paper concludes that: (i) 'Spirituality' is an elastic term not capable of universal definition as each person's spirituality is an individual matter for them and (ii) tools that are being developed for identifying a person's spirituality run the risk of making wrong presuppositions about what comprises spirituality. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: It is unlikely that tools can be developed that are widely applicable for identifying and assessing spirituality. KW - Christianity KW - existentialism KW - Holistic Health KW - Humans KW - Judaism KW - NEEDS assessment KW - Nurse's Role KW - Nursing Assessment KW - Pastoral Care KW - Patient Rights KW - Philosophy KW - Religion and Medicine KW - Religion and Psychology KW - Semantics KW - spirituality SP - 11 EP - 16 SN - 0962-1067 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14687288 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 8473 T1 - Suckers: How Alternative Medicine Makes Fools of Us All A1 - Shapiro,Rose PB - Random House PY - 2008/02/07/ N1 -Alternative medicine is an increasingly mainstream industry with a predicted worth of five trillion dollars by the year 2050. Its treatments range from reputable methods like homeopathy and acupuncture to such bizarre therapies as nutraceuticals, ear candling, and ergogenics. Alternative approaches are endorsed by celebrities, embraced by the middle class, and have become a lifestyle choice for many based on their spurious claims of rediscovery of ancient wisdom and the supposedly benign quality of nature. As this hard-hitting survey reveals, despite their growing popularity and expanding market share, there is no hard evidence that any of these so-called natural treatments actually work. It reveals how alternative medicine jeopardizes the health of those it claims to treat, leaches resources from treatments of proven efficacy, and is largely unaccountable and unregulated. Bracing and funny, this is a calling to account of a social and intellectual fraud that has produced a global delusion.
SN - 1846550289 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 8474 T1 - The Faith Healers CY - Buffalo A1 - Randi,James PB - Prometheus Books PY - 1989/05// N1 -Celebrated magician James Randi uncovers the faith-healing fakery found in the disturbing performances of evangelist Peter Popoff, W.V. Grant, Leroy Jenkins, Oral Roberts, Pentecostal A.A. Allen, Roman Catholic Ralph DiOrio, and Pat Robertson.
SN - 0879755350 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8475 T1 - The witches’ brew of spirituality and medicine JF - Annals of Behavioral Medicine M3 - 10.1207/S15324796ABM2401_09 A1 - Lawrence,Raymond VL - 24 IS - 1 PY - 2002/02/01/ N1 -Recent proposals to join spirituality and medicine are facile and ill defined. The notion that physicians have the time or training to make assessments and recommendations about spirituality is misguided. Whenever a physician demonstrates personal caring for a patient, the healing process is likely enhanced, and in that sense, physicians often promote the spirituality of the patient. However, recent proposals to extend the physician’s task to that of assessing religion and directing the patient toward approved forms of spirituality are inappropriate. The languages of religion and science are radically different. The cultural body-mind split will not be solved by such simplistic solutions as having physicians endorse spirituality, which will result only in denigration of both medicine and religion. Physicians are encouraged to rely on clinically trained ministers for assistance in understanding the patient’s state of mind or spirit and its possible effects on the course of illness and health.
N2 - Abstract Recent proposals to join spirituality and medicine are facile and ill defined. The notion that physicians have the time or training to make assessments and recommendations about spirituality is misguided. Whenever a physician demonstrates personal caring for a patient, the healing process is likely enhanced, and in that sense, physicians often promote the spirituality of the patient. However, recent proposals to extend the physician’s task to that of assessing religion and directing the patient toward approved forms of spirituality are inappropriate. The languages of religion and science are radically different. The cultural body-mind split will not be solved by such simplistic solutions as having physicians endorse spirituality, which will result only in denigration of both medicine and religion. Physicians are encouraged to rely on clinically trained ministers for assistance in understanding the patient’s state of mind or spirit and its possible effects on the course of illness and health. SP - 74 EP - 76 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/S15324796ABM2401_09 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8476 T1 - The Work of Andrew Weil and Deepak Chopra-Two Holistic Health/New Age Gurus: A Critique of the Holistic Health/New Age Movements JF - Medical Anthropology Quarterly M3 - 10.1525/maq.2003.17.2.233 A1 - Boer,Hans A. VL - 17 IS - 2 PY - 2003/// N1 -Despite the popular roots of the holistic health/New Age movements, a growing number of biomedical physicians have become proponents of holistic health as well as New Age healing. Over the past two decades, Andrew Weil and Deepak Chopra, two biomedically trained physicians, have emerged as the visible and financially successful spokespersons of the movement. This article provides brief biographical sketches of Weil and Chopra and compares and contrasts their respective views on health, illness, healing, and health care. It also considers the response of various biomedical parties to these holistic health/New Age gurus who have attempted to integrate biomedicine and various alternative healing and metaphysical systems. Finally, this article argues that Weil and Chopra both epitomize the limitations of the holistic health/New Age movements, albeit in different ways.
N2 - Despite the popular roots of the holistic health/New Age movements, a growing number of biomedical physicians have become proponents of holistic health as well as New Age healing. Over the past two decades, Andrew Weil and Deepak Chopra, two biomedically trained physicians, have emerged as the visible and financially successful spokespersons of the movement. This article provides brief biographical sketches of Weil and Chopra and compares and contrasts their respective views on health, illness, healing, and health care. It also considers the response of various biomedical parties to these holistic health/New Age gurus who have attempted to integrate biomedicine and various alternative healing and metaphysical systems. Finally, this article argues that Weil and Chopra both epitomize the limitations of the holistic health/New Age movements, albeit in different ways, [holistic health/New Age movements, Andrew Weil, Deepak Chopra] SP - 233 EP - 250 UR - http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/10.1525/maq.2003.17.2.233 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 8477 T1 - Trick or Treatment: The Undeniable Facts about Alternative Medicine A1 - Ernst,Edzard A1 - Singh,Simon PB - W.W. Norton & Co. PY - 2009/10/19/ SN - 0393337782 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8478 T1 - A spirituality and medicine elective for senior medical students: 4 years' experience, evaluation, and expansion to the family medicine residency JF - Family Medicine JA - Fam Med A1 - Anandarajah,Gowri A1 - Mitchell,Maureen VL - 39 IS - 5 PY - 2007/05// N1 -Background: Evidence suggests that spirituality is important in patient care and medical education, yet there are few reports of spirituality and medicine curricular evaluation. Methods: We developed, implemented, and evaluated a 17-hour elective on spirituality and patient care for 4 consecutive years. We presented the elective to 10 fourth-year medical students (MS4s) in years one and two and to eight MS4s and 15 residents, faculty, and staff in years three and four. We evaluated knowledge and skills using pre-course and post-course questionnaires and written cases and learner satisfaction using course evaluations. Results: Students’ knowledge improved on the evidence about spirituality, clinical resources, role of chaplains, approaches to patient care, and recognizing spiritual distress. Reported course strengths included diversity of topics and instructors, universal principles, small-group format, case discussions, and opportunity for self-reflection. Comments reflected enhanced value in the “meaning in medicine” and “whole person care.” Conclusions: Senior medical students rated the elective positively and increased their knowledge of spirituality and medicine. It was also positively received by residents, faculty, and staff and paved the way for residency curricula in this subject.
N2 - BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that spirituality is important in patient care and medical education, yet there are few reports of spirituality and medicine curricular evaluation. METHODS: We developed, implemented, and evaluated a 17-hour elective on spirituality and patient care for 4 consecutive years. We presented the elective to 10 fourth-year medical students (MS4s) in years one and two and to eight MS4s and 15 residents, faculty, and staff in years three and four. We evaluated knowledge and skills using pre-course and post-course questionnaires and written cases and learner satisfaction using course evaluations. RESULTS: Students' knowledge improved on the evidence about spirituality, clinical resources, role of chaplains, approaches to patient care, and recognizing spiritual distress. Reported course strengths included diversity of topics and instructors, universal principles, small-group format, case discussions, and opportunity for self-reflection. Comments reflected enhanced value in the "meaning in medicine" and "whole person care." CONCLUSIONS: Senior medical students rated the elective positively and increased their knowledge of spirituality and medicine. It was also positively received by residents, faculty, and staff and paved the way for residency curricula in this subject. KW - Attitude of Health Personnel KW - Catholicism KW - Clinical Clerkship KW - Clinical Competence KW - Curriculum KW - Family Practice KW - Hinduism KW - Humans KW - Internship and Residency KW - New York KW - Pastoral Care KW - Program Development KW - Program Evaluation KW - Rhode Island KW - Schools, Medical KW - spirituality KW - Students, Medical SP - 313 EP - 315 SN - 0742-3225 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17476601 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8479 T1 - Attitudes toward CAM among medical, nursing, and pharmacy faculty and students: a comparative analysis JF - Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine JA - Altern Ther Health Med A1 - Kreitzer,Mary Jo A1 - Mitten,Denise A1 - Harris,Ilene A1 - Shandeling,Janet VL - 8 IS - 6 PY - 2002/12//Nov-undefined N1 -Context: As interest in CAM continues to increase, schools of medicine, nursing, and other health professional training programs are being encouraged to integrate content on CAM into curricula. Objective: To assess the attitudes of faculty and staff toward CAM in medicine, nursing, and pharmacy within an academic health center. Design: A survey was used to obtain data on general attitudes toward CAM, personal use, training needs, and perceived barriers to use. SETTING AND Patricipants: The survey was taken of 627 faculty and students employed or enrolled at the University of Minnesota. The overall response rate exceeded 50% for both students and faculty. Results: More than 90% of faculty and students believe that clinical care should integrate the best of conventional and CAM practices and that health professionals should be prepared to advise patients about commonly used CAM methods; 88% of faculty and 84% of students indicated that CAM should be included in their school’s curriculum. While there were similarities between the 3 faculty groups, the nursing faculty expressed the greatest interest in practicing CAM. Conclusions: Faculty and students within medicine, nursing, and pharmacy have favorable attitudes toward the integration of CAM within education and clinical care. Personal use of CAM and training is limited. Lack of evidence is perceived to be the most significant barrier to integration of CAM into Western medicine. The high degree of receptivity suggests the need for both faculty training and curriculum development.
N2 - CONTEXT: As interest in CAM continues to increase, schools of medicine, nursing, and other health professional training programs are being encouraged to integrate content on CAM into curricula. OBJECTIVE: To assess the attitudes of faculty and staff toward CAM in medicine, nursing, and pharmacy within an academic health center. DESIGN: A survey was used to obtain data on general attitudes toward CAM, personal use, training needs, and perceived barriers to use. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: The survey was taken of 627 faculty and students employed or enrolled at the University of Minnesota. The overall response rate exceeded 50% for both students and faculty. RESULTS: More than 90% of faculty and students believe that clinical care should integrate the best of conventional and CAM practices and that health professionals should be prepared to advise patients about commonly used CAM methods; 88% of faculty and 84% of students indicated that CAM should be included in their school's curriculum. While there were similarities between the 3 faculty groups, the nursing faculty expressed the greatest interest in practicing CAM. CONCLUSIONS: Faculty and students within medicine, nursing, and pharmacy have favorable attitudes toward the integration of CAM within education and clinical care. Personal use of CAM and training is limited. Lack of evidence is perceived to be the most significant barrier to integration of CAM into Western medicine. The high degree of receptivity suggests the need for both faculty training and curriculum development. KW - Adult KW - Attitude of Health Personnel KW - Complementary Therapies KW - Curriculum KW - Delivery of Health Care, Integrated KW - Education, Medical KW - Faculty KW - Faculty, Medical KW - Faculty, Nursing KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Minnesota KW - Questionnaires KW - Students, Medical KW - Students, Nursing KW - Students, Pharmacy SP - 44-47, 50-53 EP - 44-47, 50-53 SN - 1078-6791 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12440838 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8480 T1 - Implementing a medicine-spirituality curriculum in a community-based internal medicine residency program JF - Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges JA - Acad Med A1 - Pettus,Mark C VL - 77 IS - 7 PY - 2002/07// N1 -Objective: To promote greater sensitivity to and heightened awareness of the relevance and therapeutic potential of integrating medicine and spirituality in the healing process of patients cared for by our medical residents. Strategies for clear, effective, and empathetic communication are integrated into the curriculum. DESCRIPTION: With the support of The University of Massachusetts Medical School Macy Initiative in health communication, funded by the Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation, we have fully implemented a medicine-spirituality curriculum as an integral aspect of our residency program. Current strategies include (1) new house officers participate in the workshop “Communicating Bad News,” which is based on a videotaped interaction and experiential role-play about the challenging “art” of sharing bad and often traumatic news; (2) a monthly lecture series that looks at various aspects of religious and spiritual practices and their implications on science and health with topics including the following: taking a spiritual history, exploring world religious views from a Judeo-Christian perspective, studying Eastern philosophies such as Buddhism and Hinduism, and discussing cultural diversity’s effect on how people understand and cope with illness; (3) residents receive a comprehensive, evidence-based syllabus that encompasses all of the medical literature relating to spirituality, religion and health; (4) local hospice professionals give end-of-life care lectures about pain management, palliation, advanced directives, and ethical implications; (5) our residents spend one or two days per year with our pastoral care leaders and one to two days per year with our hospice team; (6) monthly ward rounds with a faculty member who emphasizes the spiritual dimension of a particular case and the faith-based resources in our hospital and community. Discussion: Traditionally, graduate medical education has not emphasized the importance of spirituality as a “target” for routine inquiry, understanding, and sharing in the context of patient care. We are beginning to see that residents need to be aware of the relationship between spirituality and health, as a consequence of this curriculum. Because the curriculum is seamlessly integrated into a preexisting infrastructure (e.g., noon conferences, ambulatory off-site experiences, walk-rounds, etc.), it has been relatively easy to implement. Focusing on the literature has also provided a “scientific door” that has made this more palatable. Over time, we will foster a growing alliance of the medical and faith communities in our rural area. This has potent implications for community health initiatives. Two of our residents have already volunteered to give talks at local congregations. Spirituality and religion are sensitive and personal areas that can be awkward to embrace and openly discuss. By remaining sensitive and respectful of all views, we strive to diminish the obstacles and enable a more provocative, enlightening residency experience. As a consequence, we are forced to reconsider what it is to be a “healer” and what it is to be “healed.” Annual verbal and written feedback will allow us to refine our curriculum. I anticipate this to be a permanent aspect of our residents’ training.
N2 - OBJECTIVE: To promote greater sensitivity to and heightened awareness of the relevance and therapeutic potential of integrating medicine and spirituality in the healing process of patients cared for by our medical residents. Strategies for clear, effective, and empathetic communication are integrated into the curriculum. DESCRIPTION: With the support of The University of Massachusetts Medical School Macy Initiative in health communication, funded by the Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation, we have fully implemented a medicine-spirituality curriculum as an integral aspect of our residency program. Current strategies include (1) new house officers participate in the workshop "Communicating Bad News," which is based on a videotaped interaction and experiential role-play about the challenging "art" of sharing bad and often traumatic news; (2) a monthly lecture series that looks at various aspects of religious and spiritual practices and their implications on science and health with topics including the following: taking a spiritual history, exploring world religious views from a Judeo-Christian perspective, studying Eastern philosophies such as Buddhism and Hinduism, and discussing cultural diversity's effect on how people understand and cope with illness; (3) residents receive a comprehensive, evidence-based syllabus that encompasses all of the medical literature relating to spirituality, religion and health; (4) local hospice professionals give end-of-life care lectures about pain management, palliation, advanced directives, and ethical implications; (5) our residents spend one or two days per year with our pastoral care leaders and one to two days per year with our hospice team; (6) monthly ward rounds with a faculty member who emphasizes the spiritual dimension of a particular case and the faith-based resources in our hospital and community. DISCUSSION: Traditionally, graduate medical education has not emphasized the importance of spirituality as a "target" for routine inquiry, understanding, and sharing in the context of patient care. We are beginning to see that residents need to be aware of the relationship between spirituality and health, as a consequence of this curriculum. Because the curriculum is seamlessly integrated into a preexisting infrastructure (e.g., noon conferences, ambulatory off-site experiences, walk-rounds, etc.), it has been relatively easy to implement. Focusing on the literature has also provided a "scientific door" that has made this more palatable. Over time, we will foster a growing alliance of the medical and faith communities in our rural area. This has potent implications for community health initiatives. Two of our residents have already volunteered to give talks at local congregations. Spirituality and religion are sensitive and personal areas that can be awkward to embrace and openly discuss. By remaining sensitive and respectful of all views, we strive to diminish the obstacles and enable a more provocative, enlightening residency experience. As a consequence, we are forced to reconsider what it is to be a "healer" and what it is to be "healed." Annual verbal and written feedback will allow us to refine our curriculum. I anticipate this to be a permanent aspect of our residents' training. KW - Community Health Services KW - Cultural Diversity KW - Curriculum KW - Hospices KW - Humans KW - Internal Medicine KW - Internship and Residency KW - Massachusetts KW - Program Development KW - Religion and Medicine KW - spirituality SP - 745 EP - 745 SN - 1040-2446 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12114166 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8481 T1 - Medical student beliefs: spirituality's relationship to health and place in the medical school curriculum JF - Medical Teacher JA - Med Teach M3 - 10.1080/01421590601047680 A1 - Guck,Thomas P A1 - Kavan,Michael G VL - 28 IS - 8 PY - 2006/12// N1 -The relationship between spirituality and health is receiving increased attention; consequently medical schools have begun asking how and in what manner these issues should be addressed in medical education. Unfortunately, student beliefs concerning spirituality and health have not been adequately assessed. This study examined medical student beliefs regarding the relationship between spirituality and health and the level of instruction spirituality should receive in the curriculum. Questionnaire results from 254 medical students indicated that religiousness and spirituality are important, with spirituality more important than religiousness. Spiritual practices were seen as more helpful for acute and mental health conditions than for chronic or terminal conditions and believed to be more helpful for coping with a health condition than healing tissue. Students believed that patients could benefit from spiritual practices more than they could for their own health conditions. Most students endorsed a lecture or one- to two-week seminar with instruction in the first or second year of medical school. Student spirituality was the only predictor of required level of instruction in the medical school curriculum.
N2 - The relationship between spirituality and health is receiving increased attention; consequently medical schools have begun asking how and in what manner these issues should be addressed in medical education. Unfortunately, student beliefs concerning spirituality and health have not been adequately assessed. This study examined medical student beliefs regarding the relationship between spirituality and health and the level of instruction spirituality should receive in the curriculum. Questionnaire results from 254 medical students indicated that religiousness and spirituality are important, with spirituality more important than religiousness. Spiritual practices were seen as more helpful for acute and mental health conditions than for chronic or terminal conditions and believed to be more helpful for coping with a health condition than healing tissue. Students believed that patients could benefit from spiritual practices more than they could for their own health conditions. Most students endorsed a lecture or one- to two-week seminar with instruction in the first or second year of medical school. Student spirituality was the only predictor of required level of instruction in the medical school curriculum. KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Curriculum KW - Education, Medical, Undergraduate KW - Female KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Questionnaires KW - Regression Analysis KW - spirituality KW - Students, Medical SP - 702 EP - 707 SN - 1466-187X UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17594581 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8482 T1 - Spirituality and medicine: curricula in medical education JF - Journal of Cancer Education: The Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Education JA - J Cancer Educ M3 - 10.1207/s15430154jce2101_6 A1 - Puchalski,Christina M VL - 21 IS - 1 PY - 2006/// KW - American Cancer Society KW - Biomedical Research KW - Consensus Development Conferences as Topic KW - Curriculum KW - Education, Medical KW - Ethics, Institutional KW - Humans KW - Physician-Patient Relations KW - Religion and Medicine KW - Spiritual Therapies KW - spirituality KW - United States SP - 14 EP - 18 SN - 0885-8195 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16918282 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8483 T1 - Spirituality in medicine: a comparison of medical students' attitudes and clinical performance JF - Academic Psychiatry: The Journal of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry JA - Acad Psychiatry M3 - 10.1176/appi.ap.27.2.67 A1 - Musick,David W A1 - Cheever,Todd R A1 - Quinlivan,Sue A1 - Nora,Lois Margaret VL - 27 IS - 2 PY - 2003/// N1 -Objective: The authors sought to examine attitudes about spirituality in medicine among medical students in psychiatric clerkships and determine whether instruction on concepts of spirituality in medicine had an effect on students’ clinical performance in related tasks. Methods: A total of 192 students entering psychiatric clerkships were randomly assigned to one of two groups; both groups received identical didactic instruction on spirituality in medicine. One group worked on a problem-based learning case that featured spirituality as a prominent theme, whereas the other group worked on problem-based learning cases that made no mention of it. Students completed pre- and posttest questionnaires, and their examination at the end of rotation included a standardized patient encounter requiring them to elicit a spiritual history. Results: Among the 131 students who completed and returned both questionnaires, a significant difference (p=0.001) was noted between groups on students’ self-reported knowledge of taking a spiritual history. However, students in the two groups received identical scores on the component of the examination requiring them to write a spiritual history. Conclusions: Although students who were exposed to material on spirituality in medicine reported greater understanding of the issue, no difference in clinical performance was observed.
N2 - OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to examine attitudes about spirituality in medicine among medical students in psychiatric clerkships and determine whether instruction on concepts of spirituality in medicine had an effect on students' clinical performance in related tasks. METHODS: A total of 192 students entering psychiatric clerkships were randomly assigned to one of two groups; both groups received identical didactic instruction on spirituality in medicine. One group worked on a problem-based learning case that featured spirituality as a prominent theme, whereas the other group worked on problem-based learning cases that made no mention of it. Students completed pre- and posttest questionnaires, and their examination at the end of rotation included a standardized patient encounter requiring them to elicit a spiritual history. RESULTS: Among the 131 students who completed and returned both questionnaires, a significant difference (p=0.001) was noted between groups on students' self-reported knowledge of taking a spiritual history. However, students in the two groups received identical scores on the component of the examination requiring them to write a spiritual history. CONCLUSIONS: Although students who were exposed to material on spirituality in medicine reported greater understanding of the issue, no difference in clinical performance was observed. KW - Adult KW - Attitude of Health Personnel KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Problem-Based Learning KW - Professional Competence KW - Psychiatry KW - Random Allocation KW - religion KW - Students, Medical SP - 67 EP - 73 SN - 1042-9670 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12824105 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8484 T1 - The role of spirituality in patient care: incorporating spirituality training into medical school curriculum JF - Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges JA - Acad Med A1 - Graves,Darci L A1 - Shue,Carolyn K A1 - Arnold,Louise VL - 77 IS - 11 PY - 2002/11// N1 -Objective: To answer the call for the implementation of spirituality into medical school curriculum,(1) UMKC-School of Medicine has incorporated experiential spirituality instruction into the third year of a six-year combined BA-MD degree program. The multifaceted objective of the program is to (1) expand students’ conceptualization of the patient as person to include dimensions of spiritual beliefs and needs, (2) develop an understanding of how patients’ spiritual belief systems impact their health, (3) recognize how the student’s spiritual beliefs impact his or her practice of medicine, and (4) highlight the value of the chaplain as a member of the health care team. With increased understanding of the role spirituality plays in healing as well as the spiritual services available to patients, students will be able to serve the needs of their patients. DESCRIPTION: To accomplish this objective, students participate in lectures on spirituality, small-group activities focusing on skills such as taking/crafting spiritual histories, and an on-call experience with a hospital chaplain. During the oncall experience, students shadow a chaplain for approximately six hours. The experience includes discussing philosophies of spirituality and medicine with the chaplain, rounding with the chaplain, visiting and praying with patients when requested, comforting family members, and assisting with advance directive discussions and paperwork. After completing the experience, the students are required to write a reflective essay examining the following components: (1) the interaction between the chaplain and other members of the health care team, (2) the utilization of alternative interview and history taking methods, (3) the connection between spirituality and illness as illustrated through patient encounters, and (4) the insights gained from the experience that can be applied to the practice of medicine. Discussion: The writing of one’s spiritual history and the on-call experience were integrated into a new portion of the curriculum. The components were initially met with some reticence. In the beginning, students had difficulty distinguishing spirituality from religion and were concerned that the curriculum would take away from their study of “real medicine.” To ease concerns regarding the spiritual history, the course director modeled the objectives by sharing her own spiritual journey. Participation in the on-call experience substantially changed students’ negative attitudes toward the curriculum. Essays revealed that the on-call experience had greatly impacted their view of the chaplain as well as their practice of medicine. Specifically, students demonstrated an understanding of the role of spirituality in healing, identified key components of the chaplain role in the hospital setting, shared ways in which they would utilize chaplains in the future, and discovered personal struggles. Crafting one’s spiritual history, the on-call experience, and essays will continue to be a required part of the third-year curriculum. Modifications include adding the option of constructing one’s own advance directive and striving for increased diversity of spiritual perspectives. The data provided in the essays and course evaluations will be utilized in several ways to determine the success of the curriculum and to answer critical research questions in the areas of spirituality and medical education.
N2 - OBJECTIVE: To answer the call for the implementation of spirituality into medical school curriculum,(1) UMKC-School of Medicine has incorporated experiential spirituality instruction into the third year of a six-year combined BA-MD degree program. The multifaceted objective of the program is to (1) expand students' conceptualization of the patient as person to include dimensions of spiritual beliefs and needs, (2) develop an understanding of how patients' spiritual belief systems impact their health, (3) recognize how the student's spiritual beliefs impact his or her practice of medicine, and (4) highlight the value of the chaplain as a member of the health care team. With increased understanding of the role spirituality plays in healing as well as the spiritual services available to patients, students will be able to serve the needs of their patients. DESCRIPTION: To accomplish this objective, students participate in lectures on spirituality, small-group activities focusing on skills such as taking/crafting spiritual histories, and an on-call experience with a hospital chaplain. During the oncall experience, students shadow a chaplain for approximately six hours. The experience includes discussing philosophies of spirituality and medicine with the chaplain, rounding with the chaplain, visiting and praying with patients when requested, comforting family members, and assisting with advance directive discussions and paperwork. After completing the experience, the students are required to write a reflective essay examining the following components: (1) the interaction between the chaplain and other members of the health care team, (2) the utilization of alternative interview and history taking methods, (3) the connection between spirituality and illness as illustrated through patient encounters, and (4) the insights gained from the experience that can be applied to the practice of medicine. DISCUSSION: The writing of one's spiritual history and the on-call experience were integrated into a new portion of the curriculum. The components were initially met with some reticence. In the beginning, students had difficulty distinguishing spirituality from religion and were concerned that the curriculum would take away from their study of "real medicine." To ease concerns regarding the spiritual history, the course director modeled the objectives by sharing her own spiritual journey. Participation in the on-call experience substantially changed students' negative attitudes toward the curriculum. Essays revealed that the on-call experience had greatly impacted their view of the chaplain as well as their practice of medicine. Specifically, students demonstrated an understanding of the role of spirituality in healing, identified key components of the chaplain role in the hospital setting, shared ways in which they would utilize chaplains in the future, and discovered personal struggles. Crafting one's spiritual history, the on-call experience, and essays will continue to be a required part of the third-year curriculum. Modifications include adding the option of constructing one's own advance directive and striving for increased diversity of spiritual perspectives. The data provided in the essays and course evaluations will be utilized in several ways to determine the success of the curriculum and to answer critical research questions in the areas of spirituality and medical education. KW - Curriculum KW - Education, Medical, Undergraduate KW - Humans KW - spirituality SP - 1167 EP - 1167 SN - 1040-2446 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12431947 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8485 T1 - Alternative mind-body therapies used by adults with medical conditions JF - Journal of Psychosomatic Research JA - J Psychosom Res M3 - 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2008.12.003 A1 - Bertisch,Suzanne M A1 - Wee,Christina C A1 - Phillips,Russell S A1 - McCarthy,Ellen P VL - 66 IS - 6 PY - 2009/06// N1 -Objective: Mind-body therapies (MBT) are used by 16.6% of adults in the United States. Little is known about the patterns of and reasons for use of MBT by adults with common medical conditions. Methods: We analyzed data on MBT use from the 2002 National Health Interview Survey Alternative Medicine Supplement (n=31,044). MBT included relaxation techniques (deep breathing exercises, guided imagery, meditation, and progressive muscle relaxation), yoga, tai chi, and qigong. To identify medical conditions associated with use of MBT overall and of individual MBT, we used multivariable models adjusted for sociodemographic factors, insurance status, and health habits. Among users of MBT (n=5170), we assessed which medical conditions were most frequently treated with MBT, additional rationale for using MBT, and perceived helpfulness. Results: We found a positive association between MBT use and several medical conditions including various pain syndromes and anxiety/depression. Among adults using MBT to treat specific medical conditions, MBT was most commonly used for anxiety/depression and musculoskeletal pain syndromes. More than 50% of respondents used MBT in conjunction with conventional medical care, and 20% used MBT for conditions they thought conventional medicine would not help. Overall, we found high rates (68-90%) of perceived helpfulness of MBT for specific medical conditions. Discussion: MBT is commonly used by patients with prevalent medical conditions. Further research is needed to determine the reasons for widespread use of MBT for treatment of specific medical conditions and to evaluate the efficacy of MBT.
N2 - OBJECTIVE: Mind-body therapies (MBT) are used by 16.6% of adults in the United States. Little is known about the patterns of and reasons for use of MBT by adults with common medical conditions. METHODS: We analyzed data on MBT use from the 2002 National Health Interview Survey Alternative Medicine Supplement (n=31,044). MBT included relaxation techniques (deep breathing exercises, guided imagery, meditation, and progressive muscle relaxation), yoga, tai chi, and qigong. To identify medical conditions associated with use of MBT overall and of individual MBT, we used multivariable models adjusted for sociodemographic factors, insurance status, and health habits. Among users of MBT (n=5170), we assessed which medical conditions were most frequently treated with MBT, additional rationale for using MBT, and perceived helpfulness. RESULTS: We found a positive association between MBT use and several medical conditions including various pain syndromes and anxiety/depression. Among adults using MBT to treat specific medical conditions, MBT was most commonly used for anxiety/depression and musculoskeletal pain syndromes. More than 50% of respondents used MBT in conjunction with conventional medical care, and 20% used MBT for conditions they thought conventional medicine would not help. Overall, we found high rates (68-90%) of perceived helpfulness of MBT for specific medical conditions. DISCUSSION: MBT is commonly used by patients with prevalent medical conditions. Further research is needed to determine the reasons for widespread use of MBT for treatment of specific medical conditions and to evaluate the efficacy of MBT. KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Anxiety Disorders KW - Complementary Therapies KW - Depressive Disorder KW - Female KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Meditation KW - Middle Aged KW - Psychophysiology KW - Young Adult SP - 511 EP - 519 SN - 1879-1360 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19446710 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8486 T1 - Contemporary practices in Lakota healthcare JF - Southern Medical Journal JA - South. Med. J M3 - 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e318172dd12 A1 - Iron Cloud,Stella A1 - Bucko,Raymond A VL - 101 IS - 6 PY - 2008/06// N1 -Objectives This article provides strategies for health care delivery for the Oglala Lakota on the Pine Ridge reservation of South Dakota. Methods: Both authors relied on their field experience as well as health care literature for constructing this article. Stella Iron Cloud is a member of the Oglala Sioux Tribe. Conclusions: It is important to attend to the internal heterogeneity of Oglala culture, differences across Native American groups, as well as changes over time. There is a consistent importance in acknowledging the importance of family, creating good relationships built on reciprocity in effective healthcare delivery, and respecting the close interrelationship between spirituality and healing and individual self-determination. One must also address with sensitivity many factors which cause poor health on the reservation.
N2 - OBJECTIVES: This article provides strategies for health care delivery for the Oglala Lakota on the Pine Ridge reservation of South Dakota. METHODS: Both authors relied on their field experience as well as health care literature for constructing this article. Stella Iron Cloud is a member of the Oglala Sioux Tribe. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to attend to the internal heterogeneity of Oglala culture, differences across Native American groups, as well as changes over time. There is a consistent importance in acknowledging the importance of family, creating good relationships built on reciprocity in effective healthcare delivery, and respecting the close interrelationship between spirituality and healing and individual self-determination. One must also address with sensitivity many factors which cause poor health on the reservation. KW - Cultural Characteristics KW - Delivery of Health Care KW - Health Behavior KW - Health promotion KW - Humans KW - Indians, North American KW - Life Style KW - Medicine, Traditional KW - Patient Care Team KW - Religion and Medicine KW - South Dakota KW - Spiritual Therapies KW - United States KW - United States Indian Health Service SP - 599 EP - 600 SN - 1541-8243 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18475237 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8487 T1 - Ethical issues in end-of-life geriatric care: the approach of three monotheistic religions-Judaism, Catholicism, and Islam JF - Journal of the American Geriatrics Society JA - J Am Geriatr Soc A1 - Clarfield,A Mark A1 - Gordon,Michael A1 - Markwell,Hazel A1 - Alibhai,Shabbir M H VL - 51 IS - 8 PY - 2003/08// N1 -Ethical dilemmas pervade modern geriatric medicine. What is considered right or wrong will differ depending on, among other things, the patient’s religion. The three Abrahamic monotheistic religions, Judaism, Christianity (its Catholic variant), and Islam all have carefully considered positions on medical ethics. Although much is held in common, there are significant differences. The authors present three clinical cases, each of which presents ethical dilemmas typical of geriatric care, especially at the end of life. On the basis of these scenarios, the normative ethical position of each religion is compared and contrasted. It is hoped that this approach will offer the geriatrician a useful approach to treating patients in an increasingly multicultural society.
N2 - Ethical dilemmas pervade modern geriatric medicine. What is considered right or wrong will differ depending on, among other things, the patient's religion. The three Abrahamic monotheistic religions, Judaism, Christianity (its Catholic variant), and Islam all have carefully considered positions on medical ethics. Although much is held in common, there are significant differences. The authors present three clinical cases, each of which presents ethical dilemmas typical of geriatric care, especially at the end of life. On the basis of these scenarios, the normative ethical position of each religion is compared and contrasted. It is hoped that this approach will offer the geriatrician a useful approach to treating patients in an increasingly multicultural society. KW - Aged KW - Catholicism KW - Ethics, Medical KW - Geriatrics KW - Humans KW - ISLAM KW - Judaism KW - Religion and Medicine KW - Terminal Care SP - 1149 EP - 1154 SN - 0002-8614 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/12890081 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 8488 T1 - Inculturation and African religion : indigenous and Western approaches to medical practice CY - New York A1 - Owoahene-Acheampong,Stephen PB - Peter Lang PY - 1998/// N1 -The devastating conditions prevailing in Africa continue to intrigue observers. This study argues that understanding the conditions requires setting them within a broad contextual framework of development of the peoples’ cultural, economic, political, religious, and social systems from pre-colonial times to the present. It breaks new ground by clearly demonstrating the impact of the social and religious teachings and practices of the colonists on patterns of illness and medical responses of Ghanaians. It insists that it is in the spirit of dialogue and equality that the material and spiritual needs of Africans will be met.
SN - 9780820431291 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8489 T1 - Learning activities to enhance research literacy in a CAM college curriculum JF - Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine JA - Altern Ther Health Med A1 - Lasater,Kathie A1 - Salanti,Sonya A1 - Fleishman,Susan A1 - Coletto,Joseph A1 - Jin,Hong A1 - Lore,Roger A1 - Hammerschlag,Richard VL - 15 IS - 4 PY - 2009/08//Jul-undefined N1 -As complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies become increasingly accepted healthcare options, it is of major importance for CAM institutions to enhance research literacy and an evidence-based perspective in their curricula. A research education program for students and faculty at the Oregon College of Oriental Medicine (OCOM), developed in collaboration with the Oregon Health & Science University School of Nursing, has been supported by an R25 award from the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM). A key initiative of OCOM’s grant is the design of learning activities that infuse a research perspective into nonresearch courses in both the traditional Chinese medicine and biomedicine curricula. This approach was pilot-tested in course sequences chosen from each of the 3 years of the master’s degree program. Learner-centered activities included Infusing Evidence and Reflection Into Introductory Qigong Classes (Year 1: Qigong), Using Evidence to Inform Acupuncture Point Selection (Year 2: Point Actions and Indications), and Media and Research in Western Clinical Medicine (Year 3: Western Clinical Diagnosis). Among the lessons learned are the need to infuse learning activities into the curriculum in a manner that minimizes interactivity redundancy and reinforces learning, the importance for faculty to communicate to students the rationale for introducing the learning activities, and the value of creating a learning activity design template to guide faculty recognition of essential elements in design and evaluation and to provide sustainable overviews of the learning activities.
N2 - As complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies become increasingly accepted healthcare options, it is of major importance for CAM institutions to enhance research literacy and an evidence-based perspective in their curricula. A research education program for students and faculty at the Oregon College of Oriental Medicine (OCOM), developed in collaboration with the Oregon Health & Science University School of Nursing, has been supported by an R25 award from the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM). A key initiative of OCOM's grant is the design of learning activities that infuse a research perspective into nonresearch courses in both the traditional Chinese medicine and biomedicine curricula. This approach was pilot-tested in course sequences chosen from each of the 3 years of the master's degree program. Learner-centered activities included Infusing Evidence and Reflection Into Introductory Qigong Classes (Year 1: Qigong), Using Evidence to Inform Acupuncture Point Selection (Year 2: Point Actions and Indications), and Media and Research in Western Clinical Medicine (Year 3: Western Clinical Diagnosis). Among the lessons learned are the need to infuse learning activities into the curriculum in a manner that minimizes interactivity redundancy and reinforces learning, the importance for faculty to communicate to students the rationale for introducing the learning activities, and the value of creating a learning activity design template to guide faculty recognition of essential elements in design and evaluation and to provide sustainable overviews of the learning activities. KW - Acupuncture KW - Biomedical Research KW - Breathing Exercises KW - Complementary Therapies KW - Curriculum KW - Education, Graduate KW - Evidence-Based Medicine KW - Humans KW - Learning KW - Medicine, Chinese Traditional KW - Oregon KW - Pilot Projects KW - Program Evaluation KW - Universities SP - 46 EP - 54 SN - 1078-6791 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19623832 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8490 T1 - Medicine, Modernization, and Cultural Crisis in China and India JF - Comparative Studies in Society and History A1 - Croizier,Ralph C. VL - 12 IS - 3 PY - 1970/07// KW - Medicine, Ayurvedic KW - Medicine, Oriental SP - 275 EP - 291 SN - 00104175 UR - http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/178238 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8491 T1 - Neo-Pagan patients' preferences regarding physician discussion of spirituality JF - Family Medicine JA - Fam Med A1 - Hamilton,Jennifer L A1 - Levine,Jeffrey P VL - 38 IS - 2 PY - 2006/02// KW - Attitude to Health KW - Data Collection KW - Humans KW - Patient Satisfaction KW - Physician-Patient Relations KW - Physician's Role KW - Questionnaires KW - religion KW - spirituality SP - 83 EP - 84 SN - 0742-3225 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16450223 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 8492 T1 - On Being Human: Where Ethics, Medicine, and Spirituality Converge CY - Santa Monica, Calif A1 - Ikeda,Daisaku A1 - Simard,René A1 - Bourgeault,Guy PB - Middleway Press PY - 2003/// N1 -This exploration of what it means to be healthy from a physical, mental, and spiritual standpoint discusses Western humanism, Japanese Buddhism, and modern science from three divergent, yet expert, perspectives. Seeking common ground through dialogue, this ambitious work broaches questions about issues that face today’s society, such as cancer, AIDS, death with dignity, in vitro fertilization, biomedical ethics, and more. The discussions cut through linguistic and cultural barriers to present a vision of the potential-and the inherent challenges-of being human. Avoiding scientific jargon, the book begins with a medical discussion of cancer and AIDS, as well as the problem of social discrimination against those infected. Questions about the fundamental nature of a harmonious existence are considered, as are specific issues such as the nature of brain death and ethical problems relating to fertility and childbirth. The origins of life, evolution, and the birth of humanity are also discussed.
KW - Bioethics KW - Buddhism KW - Doctrines KW - Health KW - Medical ethics KW - Religious aspects SN - 0972326715 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8493 T1 - Spirituality, psychiatry and participation: a cultural analysis JF - Transcultural Psychiatry JA - Transcult Psychiatry A1 - Dein,Simon VL - 42 IS - 4 PY - 2005/12// N1 -This article begins by asking whether religion and spirituality are useful terms for cross-cultural comparisons. After discussing the increasing distinction between religion and spirituality in Western cultures, it points out how the terms religion and spirituality are used in divergent ways in the literature and the need for conceptual clarification in this area. Broadly, spirituality relates to interconnectedness, ultimate meaning or life force itself. The current use of the term spirituality in Western cultures derives both from Christian spirituality and ‘New Age’ thinking, which often appropriates ideas from Eastern religious traditions. The sociocultural roots of this division are complex, involving both growth of individualism, the pursuit of meaning and discontent with materialism and scientific rationalism. This situation is contrasted with other monotheistic religions where there is no distinction between religion and spirituality. This turn to spirituality has influenced health care professionals’ conceptualizations of health and healing. The implications for psychiatry are discussed. I conclude that spirituality is a way of ‘being in the world’ and shares affinities with Tambiah’s notion of a participatory mode of thinking.
N2 - This article begins by asking whether religion and spirituality are useful terms for cross-cultural comparisons. After discussing the increasing distinction between religion and spirituality in Western cultures, it points out how the terms religion and spirituality are used in divergent ways in the literature and the need for conceptual clarification in this area. Broadly, spirituality relates to interconnectedness, ultimate meaning or life force itself. The current use of the term spirituality in Western cultures derives both from Christian spirituality and 'New Age' thinking, which often appropriates ideas from Eastern religious traditions. The sociocultural roots of this division are complex, involving both growth of individualism, the pursuit of meaning and discontent with materialism and scientific rationalism. This situation is contrasted with other monotheistic religions where there is no distinction between religion and spirituality. This turn to spirituality has influenced health care professionals' conceptualizations of health and healing. The implications for psychiatry are discussed. I conclude that spirituality is a way of 'being in the world' and shares affinities with Tambiah's notion of a participatory mode of thinking. KW - Attitude to Health KW - Culture KW - Humans KW - Patient Participation KW - Psychiatry KW - Religion and Psychology KW - spirituality SP - 526 EP - 544 SN - 1363-4615 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16570516 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8494 T1 - The measurement of body-mind-spirit well-being toward multidimensionality and transcultural applicability JF - Social Work in Health Care JA - Soc Work Health Care A1 - Ng,S M A1 - Yau,Josephine K Y A1 - Chan,Cecilia L W A1 - Chan,Celia H Y A1 - Ho,David Y F VL - 41 IS - 1 PY - 2005/// N1 -The Body-Mind-Spirit model of health promotion (Chan, Ho & Chow, 2002) guided the construction of a multidimensional inventory for assessing holistic health. Named Body-Mind-Spirit Well-Being Inventory (BMSWBI), it comprises four scales: Physical Distress, Daily Functioning, Affect, and Spirituality (differentiated from religiosity and conceived as ecumenical). Respondents (674 Chinese adults from Hong Kong) completed the BMSWBI via the Internet. Results indicate that all four scales have high reliability, with alpha coefficients ranging from .87 to .92, and concurrent validity. Factor analysis indicates that (a) positive and negative affect form two distinct factors; and (b) spirituality comprises three distinct aspects, tranquility, resistance to disorientation, and resilience. Spirituality is positively associated with mental well-being, positive affect, satisfaction with life, and hope; but negatively associated with negative affect and perceived stress. These results suggest that the inventory may be used to assess different dimensions of health satisfactorily.
N2 - The Body-Mind-Spirit model of health promotion (Chan, Ho&Chow, 2002) guided the construction of a multidimensional inventory for assessing holistic health. Named Body-Mind-Spirit Well-Being Inventory (BMSWBI), it comprises four scales: Physical Distress, Daily Functioning, Affect, and Spirituality (differentiated from religiosity and conceived as ecumenical). Respondents (674 Chinese adults from Hong Kong) completed the BMSWBI via the Internet. Results indicate that all four scales have high reliability, with alpha coefficients ranging from .87 to .92, and concurrent validity. Factor analysis indicates that (a) positive and negative affect form two distinct factors; and (b) spirituality comprises three distinct aspects, tranquility, resistance to disorientation, and resilience. Spirituality is positively associated with mental well-being, positive affect, satisfaction with life, and hope; but negatively associated with negative affect and perceived stress. These results suggest that the inventory may be used to assess different dimensions of health satisfactorily. KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Asian Continental Ancestry Group KW - Attitude to Health KW - China KW - Cross-Cultural Comparison KW - Female KW - Holistic Health KW - Hong Kong KW - Humans KW - Male KW - mental health KW - Middle Aged KW - Mind-Body Relations (Metaphysics) KW - Personal Satisfaction KW - Personality Inventory KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Social Work KW - spirituality KW - Stress, Psychological SP - 33 EP - 52 SN - 0098-1389 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16048855 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8495 T1 - The role of spirituality healing with perceptions of the medical encounter among Latinos JF - Journal of General Internal Medicine JA - J Gen Intern Med M3 - 10.1007/s11606-009-1067-9 A1 - Reyes-Ortiz,Carlos A A1 - Rodriguez,Michael A1 - Markides,Kyriakos S VL - 24 Suppl 3 PY - 2009/11// N1 -Background: Little is known about the relationship between spirituality healing and perceptions about the medical encounter among Latinos. Objectives To examine the association between spirituality healing and attitudes of self-reported perceptions about the medical encounter. Design: A cross-sectional telephone survey. Patricipants: 3,728 Latinos aged >or=18 years residing in the United States from Wave 1 of the Pew Hispanic Center/Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Latino Health Survey. Measurements: Dependent variables were ever prayed for healing (yes/no), ever asked others to pray for healing (yes/no), considered important spiritual healing (very vs. somewhat or not important), and ever consulted a ‘curandero’ (folk healer in Latin America) (yes/no). The primary independent variables were feelings about the last time seeing a Doctor (confused by information given, or frustrated by lack of information) and perception of quality of medical care (excellent, good, fair or poor) within the past 12 months. Results: Six percent of individuals reported that they had ever consulted a curandero, 60% prayed for healing, 49% asked others to pray for healing, and 69% considered spiritual healing as very important. In multivariable analyses, feeling confused was associated with increased odds of consulting a curandero (OR = 1.58; 95% CI, 1.02-2.45), praying for healing (OR = 1.30; 95% CI, 1.03-1.64), asking others to pray for healing (OR = 1.29; 95% CI, 1.03-1.62), and considering spiritual healing as very important (OR = 1.30; 95% CI, 1.01-1.66). Feeling frustrated by a lack of information was associated with asking others to pray for healing (OR = 1.29; 95% CI, 1.04-1.60). A better perception of quality of medical care was associated with lower odds of consulting a curandero (OR = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70-0.98). Conclusion: Feelings about the medical encounter were associated with spirituality healing, praying for healing, and asking others to pray for healing. Feeling confused and perception of poor quality of medical care were associated with consulting a curandero.
N2 - BACKGROUND: Little is known about the relationship between spirituality healing and perceptions about the medical encounter among Latinos. OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between spirituality healing and attitudes of self-reported perceptions about the medical encounter. DESIGN: A cross-sectional telephone survey. PARTICIPANTS: 3,728 Latinos aged >or=18 years residing in the United States from Wave 1 of the Pew Hispanic Center/Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Latino Health Survey. MEASUREMENTS: Dependent variables were ever prayed for healing (yes/no), ever asked others to pray for healing (yes/no), considered important spiritual healing (very vs. somewhat or not important), and ever consulted a 'curandero' (folk healer in Latin America) (yes/no). The primary independent variables were feelings about the last time seeing a Doctor (confused by information given, or frustrated by lack of information) and perception of quality of medical care (excellent, good, fair or poor) within the past 12 months. RESULTS: Six percent of individuals reported that they had ever consulted a curandero, 60% prayed for healing, 49% asked others to pray for healing, and 69% considered spiritual healing as very important. In multivariable analyses, feeling confused was associated with increased odds of consulting a curandero (OR = 1.58; 95% CI, 1.02-2.45), praying for healing (OR = 1.30; 95% CI, 1.03-1.64), asking others to pray for healing (OR = 1.29; 95% CI, 1.03-1.62), and considering spiritual healing as very important (OR = 1.30; 95% CI, 1.01-1.66). Feeling frustrated by a lack of information was associated with asking others to pray for healing (OR = 1.29; 95% CI, 1.04-1.60). A better perception of quality of medical care was associated with lower odds of consulting a curandero (OR = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70-0.98). CONCLUSION: Feelings about the medical encounter were associated with spirituality healing, praying for healing, and asking others to pray for healing. Feeling confused and perception of poor quality of medical care were associated with consulting a curandero. SP - 542 EP - 547 SN - 1525-1497 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19842004 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8496 T1 - Traditional Hawaiian Healing Arts Enrich Conventional Medical Practices JF - Alternative & Complementary Therapies A1 - Horowitz,Sala VL - 7 IS - 2 PY - 2001/04/01/ SP - 68 EP - 73 SN - 1076-2809 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8497 T1 - Unconventional Medicine in the United States -- Prevalence, Costs, and Patterns of Use JF - New England Journal of Medicine M3 - 10.1056/NEJM199301283280406 A1 - Eisenberg,David M. A1 - Kessler,Ronald C. A1 - Foster,Cindy A1 - Norlock,Frances E. A1 - Calkins,David R. A1 - Delbanco,Thomas L. VL - 328 IS - 4 PY - 1993/01/28/ N1 -Background: Many people use unconventional therapies for health problems, but the extent of this use and the costs are not known. We conducted a national survey to determine the prevalence, costs, and patterns of use of unconventional therapies, such as acupuncture and chiropractic. Methods: We limited the therapies studied to 16 commonly used interventions neither taught widely in U.S. medical schools nor generally available in U.S. hospitals. We completed telephone interviews with 1539 adults (response rate, 67 percent) in a national sample of adults 18 years of age or older in 1990. We asked respondents to report any serious or bothersome medical conditions and details of their use of conventional medical services; we then inquired about their use of unconventional therapy. Results: One in three respondents (34 percent) reported using at least one unconventional therapy in the past year, and a third of these saw providers for unconventional therapy. The latter group had made an average of 19 visits to such providers during the preceding year, with an average charge per visit of $27.60. The frequency of use of unconventional therapy varied somewhat among sociodemographic groups, with the highest use reported by nonblack persons from 25 to 49 years of age who had relatively more education and higher incomes. The majority used unconventional therapy for chronic, as opposed to life-threatening, medical conditions. Among those who used unconventional therapy for serious medical conditions, the vast majority (83 percent) also sought treatment for the same condition from a medical doctor; however, 72 percent of the respondents who used unconventional therapy did not inform their medical doctor that they had done so. Extrapolation to the U.S. population suggests that in 1990 Americans made an estimated 425 million visits to providers of unconventional therapy. This number exceeds the number of visits to all U.S. primary care physicians (388 million). Expenditures associated with use of unconventional therapy in 1990 amounted to approximately $13.7 billion, three quarters of which ($10.3 billion) was paid out of pocket. This figure is comparable to the $12.8 billion spent out of pocket annually for all hospitalizations in the United States. Conclusions: The frequency of use of unconventional therapy in the United States is far higher than previously reported. Medical doctors should ask about their patients’ use of unconventional therapy whenever they obtain a medical history.
N2 - Background Many people use unconventional therapies for health problems, but the extent of this use and the costs are not known. We conducted a national survey to determine the prevalence, costs, and patterns of use of unconventional therapies, such as acupuncture and chiropractic. Methods We limited the therapies studied to 16 commonly used interventions neither taught widely in U.S. medical schools nor generally available in U.S. hospitals. We completed telephone interviews with 1539 adults (response rate, 67 percent) in a national sample of adults 18 years of age or older in 1990. We asked respondents to report any serious or bothersome medical conditions and details of their use of conventional medical services; we then inquired about their use of unconventional therapy. Results One in three respondents (34 percent) reported using at least one unconventional therapy in the past year, and a third of these saw providers for unconventional therapy. The latter group had made an average of 19 visits to such providers during the preceding year, with an average charge per visit of $27.60. The frequency of use of unconventional therapy varied somewhat among sociodemographic groups, with the highest use reported by nonblack persons from 25 to 49 years of age who had relatively more education and higher incomes. The majority used unconventional therapy for chronic, as opposed to life-threatening, medical conditions. Among those who used unconventional therapy for serious medical conditions, the vast majority (83 percent) also sought treatment for the same condition from a medical doctor; however, 72 percent of the respondents who used unconventional therapy did not inform their medical doctor that they had done so. Extrapolation to the U.S. population suggests that in 1990 Americans made an estimated 425 million visits to providers of unconventional therapy. This number exceeds the number of visits to all U.S. primary care physicians (388 million). Expenditures associated with use of unconventional therapy in 1990 amounted to approximately $13.7 billion, three quarters of which ($10.3 billion) was paid out of pocket. This figure is comparable to the $12.8 billion spent out of pocket annually for all hospitalizations in the United States. Conclusions The frequency of use of unconventional therapy in the United States is far higher than previously reported. Medical doctors should ask about their patients' use of unconventional therapy whenever they obtain a medical history. SP - 246 EP - 252 UR - http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/328/4/246 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 8498 T1 - World medicine : the East West guide to healing your body CY - New York NY A1 - Monte,Tom PB - Putnam Pub. Group PY - 1993/// SN - 9780874777338 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8499 T1 - An assessment of the ayurvedic concept of cancer and a new paradigm of anticancer treatment in Ayurveda JF - Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine JA - J Altern Complement Med M3 - 10.1089/107555302320825129 A1 - Singh,Ram Harsh VL - 8 IS - 5 PY - 2002/10// N1 -This paper critically examines the Ayurvedic concept of cancer diathesis and its pathogenesis in terms of the theory of Tridosa, Sapta Dhatus (body tissues), the Agni or body’s biologic fire, Srotámsi (i.e., channels of the body), and the generic sequence of events in the genesis of a disease (e.g., Satkriyakala). All this depicts a new paradigm of the disease state. This paper also examines the scope of plant drugs used in the treatment of cancer. A retrospective meta-analysis of observations on 85 plant drugs reported to have an anticancer effect indicates that herbs with Katu, Tikta, Kasaya Rasa (bitter, pungent, and astringent taste), Usna Virya (e.g., hot biopotency), and Katu Vipaka (catabolic active metabolites), and herbs with dry, coarse, light, and sharp biophysical properties have significantly greater possibilities of producing anticancer effects.
N2 - This paper critically examines the Ayurvedic concept of cancer diathesis and its pathogenesis in terms of the theory of Tridosa, Sapta Dhātus (body tissues), the Agni or body's biologic fire, Srotámsi (i.e., channels of the body), and the generic sequence of events in the genesis of a disease (e.g., Satkriyākala). All this depicts a new paradigm of the disease state. This paper also examines the scope of plant drugs used in the treatment of cancer. A retrospective meta-analysis of observations on 85 plant drugs reported to have an anticancer effect indicates that herbs with Katu, Tikta, Kasāya Rasa (bitter, pungent, and astringent taste), Usna Virya (e.g., hot biopotency), and Katu Vipāka (catabolic active metabolites), and herbs with dry, coarse, light, and sharp biophysical properties have significantly greater possibilities of producing anticancer effects. KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic KW - Humans KW - Medicine, Ayurvedic KW - Mind-Body Relations (Metaphysics) KW - Neoplasms KW - Phytotherapy KW - Plant Extracts KW - Plants, Medicinal SP - 609 EP - 614 SN - 1075-5535 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/12470442 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8500 T1 - Arterial pulse system: modern methods for traditional Indian medicine JF - Conference Proceedings: Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Conference JA - Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc M3 - 10.1109/IEMBS.2007.4352363 A1 - Joshi,Aniruddha A1 - Chandran,Sharat A1 - Jayaraman,V K A1 - Kulkarni,B D VL - 2007 PY - 2007/// N1 -Ayurveda is one of the most comprehensive healing systems in the world and has classified the body system according to the theory of Tridosha to overcome ailments. Diagnosis similar to the traditional pulse-based method requires a system of clean input signals, and extensive experiments for obtaining classification features. In this paper we briefly describe our system of generating pulse waveforms and use various feature detecting methods to show that an arterial pulse contains typical physiological properties. The beat-to-beat variability is captured using a complex B-spline mother wavelet based peak detection algorithm. We also capture--to our knowledge for the first time--the self-similarity in the physiological signal, and quantifiable chaotic behavior using recurrence plot structures.
N2 - Ayurveda is one of the most comprehensive healing systems in the world and has classified the body system according to the theory of Tridosha to overcome ailments. Diagnosis similar to the traditional pulse-based method requires a system of clean input signals, and extensive experiments for obtaining classification features. In this paper we briefly describe our system of generating pulse waveforms and use various feature detecting methods to show that an arterial pulse contains typical physiological properties. The beat-to-beat variability is captured using a complex B-spline mother wavelet based peak detection algorithm. We also capture--to our knowledge for the first time--the self-similarity in the physiological signal, and quantifiable chaotic behavior using recurrence plot structures. KW - Algorithms KW - Arteries KW - Diagnosis, Differential KW - Humans KW - India KW - Medicine, East Asian Traditional KW - Models, Cardiovascular KW - Pulse SP - 608 EP - 611 SN - 1557-170X UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/18002029 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8501 T1 - Asian Medicine in America: The Ayurvedic Case JF - Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science A1 - Reddy,Sita VL - 583 PY - 2002/09// N1 -Ayurveda, the classical South Asian medical tradition, was first introduced to American audiences in the mid-1980s as a holistic alternative to biomedical orthodoxy. This article argues that transplanted Ayurveda is shaped not only by aspects of American medical culture, but by millennial, heterodox elements of American religious culture, such as the loose cluster of beliefs and practices known as the New Age. Because New Age Ayurvedic practices occupy the ideological and statutory middle ground between medicine and metaphysics, they face a unique professionalizing dilemma: whether to present themselves as healing religions or as practicing branches of medicine. Drawing on an ethnographic study of this professionalizing dilemma in legal, clinical and popular arenas, this article shows that New Age Ayurveda-far from being a monolith-reveals a wide-ranging plurality of sub-traditions in practice. Taken together, they suggest multiple modes of reinvention and a variety of professionalizing routes that Ayurveda follows other than licensing and institutional credentialization.
N2 - Ayurveda, the classical South Asian medical tradition, was first introduced to American audiences in the mid-1980s as a holistic alternative to biomedical orthodoxy. This article argues that transplanted Ayurveda is shaped not only by aspects of American medical culture, but by millennial, heterodox elements of American religious culture, such as the loose cluster of beliefs and practices known as the New Age. Because New Age Ayurvedic practices occupy the ideological and statutory middle ground between medicine and metaphysics, they face a unique professionalizing dilemma: whether to present themselves as healing religions or as practicing branches of medicine. Drawing on an ethnographic study of this professionalizing dilemma in legal, clinical and popular arenas, this article shows that New Age Ayurveda-far from being a monolith-reveals a wide-ranging plurality of sub-traditions in practice. Taken together, they suggest multiple modes of reinvention and a variety of professionalizing routes that Ayurveda follows other than licensing and institutional credentialization. KW - Medicine, Ayurvedic SP - 97 EP - 121 SN - 00027162 UR - http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/1049691 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8502 T1 - Ayurveda and gynecological disorders JF - Journal of Ethnopharmacology JA - J Ethnopharmacol M3 - 10.1016/j.jep.2004.10.020 A1 - Jadhav,Atul N A1 - Bhutani,K K VL - 97 IS - 1 PY - 2005/02/10/ N1 -The science of life--Ayurveda is practiced in India since time immemorial. Besides being cheap and easily available Ayurvedic drugs are considered safe. Moreover, there is surge in the interest in Ayurveda due to quest of alternative medicines. Many of the gynecological disorders being not reported to the physicians, are treated with household remedies in India. The science of Ayurveda deals with these issues in a systematic manner as evident from the classification of diseases available and the number of plant drugs or the combinations thereof available for the treatment. In the present article, Ayurvedic herbal formulations and single plant drugs used traditionally in treatment of gynecological disorders are described.
N2 - The science of life--Ayurveda is practiced in India since time immemorial. Besides being cheap and easily available Ayurvedic drugs are considered safe. Moreover, there is surge in the interest in Ayurveda due to quest of alternative medicines. Many of the gynecological disorders being not reported to the physicians, are treated with household remedies in India. The science of Ayurveda deals with these issues in a systematic manner as evident from the classification of diseases available and the number of plant drugs or the combinations thereof available for the treatment. In the present article, Ayurvedic herbal formulations and single plant drugs used traditionally in treatment of gynecological disorders are described. KW - Female KW - Genital Diseases, Female KW - Humans KW - Medicine, Ayurvedic KW - Phytotherapy KW - Plant Components KW - Plant Extracts KW - Plant Preparations SP - 151 EP - 159 SN - 0378-8741 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/15652289 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8503 T1 - Ayurveda's role in preventing disease JF - Indian Journal of Medical Sciences JA - Indian J Med Sci A1 - Svoboda,R E VL - 52 IS - 2 PY - 1998/02// N1 -Modern medical science is currently in the throes of a revolution which is likely to have a dramatic impact on both the theory of medicine and the way it is practised. The mechanistic model which served biomedicine well for many years is gradually collapsing, thanks to the efforts of dedicated researchers who have looked beyond that model’s flaws. Thus we now know that networks of chemical communication exist between the nervous and immune systems, and that prayer at a distance can positively affect the conditions of those who are seriously ill, even when the prayer and the patient are not known to one another. Another participant in this exciting climate of change and ferment is Ayurveda, India’s ancient medical system. While Ayurveda has already contributed much to modern medicine (reserpine, gugulipid, plastic surgery), its real contributions are yet to be made. While some of these are likely to come in matters of materia medica and technique, most will likely be derived from Ayurveda’s way of seeing the world, its “darshana.” This paper outlines a few of the ways in which Ayurveda’s “vision” is likely to facilitate medicine’s ability to teach people not just how to avoid disease but how to proactively develop and maintain a healthy “state.”
N2 - Modern medical science is currently in the throes of a revolution which is likely to have a dramatic impact on both the theory of medicine and the way it is practised. The mechanistic model which served biomedicine well for many years is gradually collapsing, thanks to the efforts of dedicated researchers who have looked beyond that model's flaws. Thus we now know that networks of chemical communication exist between the nervous and immune systems, and that prayer at a distance can positively affect the conditions of those who are seriously ill, even when the prayer and the patient are not known to one another. Another participant in this exciting climate of change and ferment is Ayurveda, India's ancient medical system. While Ayurveda has already contributed much to modern medicine (reserpine, gugulipid, plastic surgery), its real contributions are yet to be made. While some of these are likely to come in matters of materia medica and technique, most will likely be derived from Ayurveda's way of seeing the world, its "darshana." This paper outlines a few of the ways in which Ayurveda's "vision" is likely to facilitate medicine's ability to teach people not just how to avoid disease but how to proactively develop and maintain a healthy "state." KW - Humans KW - Medicine, Ayurvedic KW - Preventive Medicine SP - 70 EP - 77 SN - 0019-5359 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/9770867 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8504 T1 - Ayurvedic Interiors: Person, Space, and Episteme in Three Medical Practices JF - Cultural Anthropology A1 - Langford,Jean VL - 10 IS - 3 PY - 1995/08// KW - Medicine, Ayurvedic SP - 330 EP - 366 SN - 08867356 UR - http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/656341 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8505 T1 - Bioethics and ayurveda JF - Indian Journal of Medical Ethics JA - Indian J Med Ethics A1 - Valiathan,M S VL - 5 IS - 1 PY - 2008/03//Jan-undefined KW - Bioethics KW - Health Services Needs and Demand KW - Humans KW - India KW - Medicine, Ayurvedic KW - Philosophy, Medical KW - Professional Competence SP - 29 EP - 30 SN - 0974-8466 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/18630252 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8506 T1 - Bioethics for clinicians: 19. Hinduism and Sikhism JF - CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De l'Association Medicale Canadienne JA - CMAJ A1 - Coward,H A1 - Sidhu,T VL - 163 IS - 9 PY - 2000/10/31/ N1 -Hindus and Sikhs constitute important minority communities in Canada. Although their cultural and religious traditions have profound differences, they both traditionally take a duty-based rather than rights-based approach to ethical decision-making. These traditions also share a belief in rebirth, a concept of karma (in which experiences in one life influence experiences in future lives), an emphasis on the value of purity, and a holistic view of the person that affirms the importance of family, culture, environment and the spiritual dimension of experience. Physicians with Hindu and Sikh patients need to be sensitive to and respectful of the diversity of their cultural and religious assumptions regarding human nature, purity, health and illness, life and death, and the status of the individual.
N2 - Hindus and Sikhs constitute important minority communities in Canada. Although their cultural and religious traditions have profound differences, they both traditionally take a duty-based rather than rights-based approach to ethical decision-making. These traditions also share a belief in rebirth, a concept of karma (in which experiences in one life influence experiences in future lives), an emphasis on the value of purity, and a holistic view of the person that affirms the importance of family, culture, environment and the spiritual dimension of experience. Physicians with Hindu and Sikh patients need to be sensitive to and respectful of the diversity of their cultural and religious assumptions regarding human nature, purity, health and illness, life and death, and the status of the individual. KW - Adult KW - Bioethics KW - Canada KW - Cultural Diversity KW - Female KW - Hinduism KW - Humans KW - India KW - Male KW - Physician-Patient Relations KW - Religion and Medicine SP - 1167 EP - 1170 SN - 0820-3946 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/11079065 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8507 T1 - Cancer--an ayurvedic perspective JF - Pharmacological Research: The Official Journal of the Italian Pharmacological Society JA - Pharmacol. Res M3 - 10.1016/j.phrs.2004.04.010 A1 - Balachandran,Premalatha A1 - Govindarajan,Rajgopal VL - 51 IS - 1 PY - 2005/01// N1 -An integrated approach is needed to manage cancer using the growing body of knowledge gained through scientific developments. Thousands of herbal and traditional compounds are being screened worldwide to validate their use as anti-cancerous drugs. The science of Ayurveda is supposed to add a step on to the curative aspects of cancers that have resemblance with clinical entities of arbuda and granthi mentioned in Sushrutha samhita. Hence, an attempt is made in this review to discuss about the pathology and therapeutic management of various cancers described in Ayurveda. Review of literature on anticancer drugs of plant origin revealed identification of newer ayurvedic drugs that are not mentioned in the ancient texts. These new findings add up to ayurvedic science that has been developed through ages. In addition, details of experimental and clinical studies conducted on single and compound ayurvedic preparations for their anticancer efficacy strongly emphasize ayurvedic therapy as a scientifically driven one and not simply unconventional.
N2 - An integrated approach is needed to manage cancer using the growing body of knowledge gained through scientific developments. Thousands of herbal and traditional compounds are being screened worldwide to validate their use as anti-cancerous drugs. The science of Ayurveda is supposed to add a step on to the curative aspects of cancers that have resemblance with clinical entities of arbuda and granthi mentioned in Sushrutha samhita. Hence, an attempt is made in this review to discuss about the pathology and therapeutic management of various cancers described in Ayurveda. Review of literature on anticancer drugs of plant origin revealed identification of newer ayurvedic drugs that are not mentioned in the ancient texts. These new findings add up to ayurvedic science that has been developed through ages. In addition, details of experimental and clinical studies conducted on single and compound ayurvedic preparations for their anticancer efficacy strongly emphasize ayurvedic therapy as a scientifically driven one and not simply unconventional. KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic KW - Humans KW - Medicine, Ayurvedic KW - Neoplasms KW - Plants, Medicinal SP - 19 EP - 30 SN - 1043-6618 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/15519531 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8508 T1 - From ancient medicine to modern medicine: ayurvedic concepts of health and their role in inflammation and cancer JF - Journal of the Society for Integrative Oncology JA - J Soc Integr Oncol A1 - Garodia,Prachi A1 - Ichikawa,Haruyo A1 - Malani,Nikita A1 - Sethi,Gautam A1 - Aggarwal,Bharat B VL - 5 IS - 1 PY - 2007/// N1 -Recent statistics indicate that the overall cancer incidence in the United States, in spite of billions of dollars spent on research each year, has not changed significantly in the last half-century. Cancers of the prostate, breast, lung, and colon, although most common in the Western world, are least common in the Eastern world. Allopathic medicine commonly practiced currently is only 100 years old. Although traditional medicine has been around for thousands of years, no integration exists between it and allopathic medicine. Ayurveda, the science of long life and one of the most ancient medical systems still practiced on the Indian subcontinent, can be used in combination with modern medicine to provide better treatment of cancer. This review focuses on the ayurvedic concept of the causes of cancer and its linkage with inflammation, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. How ayurvedic medicine can be integrated with allopathic medicine is also discussed in this review.
N2 - Recent statistics indicate that the overall cancer incidence in the United States, in spite of billions of dollars spent on research each year, has not changed significantly in the last half-century. Cancers of the prostate, breast, lung, and colon, although most common in the Western world, are least common in the Eastern world. Allopathic medicine commonly practiced currently is only 100 years old. Although traditional medicine has been around for thousands of years, no integration exists between it and allopathic medicine. Ayurveda, the science of long life and one of the most ancient medical systems still practiced on the Indian subcontinent, can be used in combination with modern medicine to provide better treatment of cancer. This review focuses on the ayurvedic concept of the causes of cancer and its linkage with inflammation, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. How ayurvedic medicine can be integrated with allopathic medicine is also discussed in this review. KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic KW - Cachexia KW - Herbal Medicine KW - Humans KW - Inflammation KW - Life Style KW - Medicine, Ayurvedic KW - Medicine, Traditional KW - Neoplasms SP - 25 EP - 37 SN - 1715-894X UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/17309811 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8509 T1 - Healthcare and disease management in Ayurveda JF - Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine JA - Altern Ther Health Med A1 - Mishra,L A1 - Singh,B B A1 - Dagenais,S VL - 7 IS - 2 PY - 2001/03// N1 -Because the disharmony of mental doshas (satogun, rajogun, and tamogun) and body doshas (vata, pitta, and kapha) are the major cause of illness, the goal of illness management in Ayurveda is to bring back harmony among the doshas. The management includes clinical examination, diagnosis, and dietary and lifestyle interventions and treatment. The clinical examination consists of Astha Sthana Pariksha (8-point diagnosis: pulse-diagnosis, urine, stool, tongue, voice and body sound, eye, skin, and total body appearance examinations) and examination of the digestive system and the patient’s physical strength. The treatment consists of cleansing (Panchkarma), palliation (improve digestion, remove toxic waste, fasting, observe thirst, exercise, sunbathing, and meditation), mental nurturing, and spiritual healing depending on the disturbed doshas and the patient’s constitution. The preferred use of bhasms and herbal formulas over the respective metallic salts or the single herbs is discussed. This review suggests a great potential for integration of Ayurvedic therapies into the healthcare system in the United States.
N2 - Because the disharmony of mental doshas (satogun, rajogun, and tamogun) and body doshas (vata, pitta, and kapha) are the major cause of illness, the goal of illness management in Ayurveda is to bring back harmony among the doshas. The management includes clinical examination, diagnosis, and dietary and lifestyle interventions and treatment. The clinical examination consists of Astha Sthana Pariksha (8-point diagnosis: pulse-diagnosis, urine, stool, tongue, voice and body sound, eye, skin, and total body appearance examinations) and examination of the digestive system and the patient's physical strength. The treatment consists of cleansing (Panchkarma), palliation (improve digestion, remove toxic waste, fasting, observe thirst, exercise, sunbathing, and meditation), mental nurturing, and spiritual healing depending on the disturbed doshas and the patient's constitution. The preferred use of bhasms and herbal formulas over the respective metallic salts or the single herbs is discussed. This review suggests a great potential for integration of Ayurvedic therapies into the healthcare system in the United States. KW - Delivery of Health Care, Integrated KW - Humans KW - Medicine, Ayurvedic KW - United States SP - 44 EP - 50 SN - 1078-6791 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/11253416 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8510 T1 - "Hindu" bioethics? JF - The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics: A Journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics JA - J Law Med Ethics M3 - 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2008.00236.x A1 - Sarma,Deepak VL - 36 IS - 1 PY - 2008/// N1 -The author offers a commentary on the question, “Are there Hindu bioethics?” After deconstructing the term “Hindu,” the author shows that there are indeed no Hindu bioethics. He shows that from a classical and Brahminical perspective, medicine is an inappropriate and impure profession.
N2 - The author offers a commentary on the question, "Are there Hindu bioethics?" After deconstructing the term "Hindu," the author shows that there are indeed no Hindu bioethics. He shows that from a classical and Brahminical perspective, medicine is an inappropriate and impure profession. KW - Biomedical Enhancement KW - Hinduism KW - Humans KW - India KW - Religion and Medicine KW - Religion and Science SP - 51-58, 3 EP - 51-58, 3 SN - 1073-1105 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/18315760 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8511 T1 - Pain and suffering as viewed by the Hindu religion JF - The Journal of Pain: Official Journal of the American Pain Society JA - J Pain M3 - 10.1016/j.jpain.2007.02.430 A1 - Whitman,Sarah M VL - 8 IS - 8 PY - 2007/08// N1 -Religion and spiritual practices are among the resources used by patients to cope with chronic pain. The major concepts of Hinduism that are related to pain and suffering are presented. Ways that Hindu traditions deal with pain and suffering are reviewed, including the concept of acceptance, which has been studied in the pain medicine literature. By becoming more familiar with Hindu views of pain and suffering, pain medicine practitioners can offer potentially helpful concepts to all patients and support Hindus’ spirituality as it relates to pain and suffering. PERSPECTIVE: Religion or spirituality is often important to patients. This article will inform the pain medicine practitioner how pain and suffering are viewed in Hinduism, the third largest religion in the world. It is hoped that these concepts will prove helpful when treating not only followers of Hinduism but all patients.
N2 - Religion and spiritual practices are among the resources used by patients to cope with chronic pain. The major concepts of Hinduism that are related to pain and suffering are presented. Ways that Hindu traditions deal with pain and suffering are reviewed, including the concept of acceptance, which has been studied in the pain medicine literature. By becoming more familiar with Hindu views of pain and suffering, pain medicine practitioners can offer potentially helpful concepts to all patients and support Hindus' spirituality as it relates to pain and suffering. PERSPECTIVE: Religion or spirituality is often important to patients. This article will inform the pain medicine practitioner how pain and suffering are viewed in Hinduism, the third largest religion in the world. It is hoped that these concepts will prove helpful when treating not only followers of Hinduism but all patients. KW - Concept formation KW - Hinduism KW - Humans KW - Pain KW - Palliative Care KW - Stress, Psychological SP - 607 EP - 613 SN - 1526-5900 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/17462959 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8512 T1 - Providing alternative health care: an ancient system for a modern age JF - Advanced Practice Nursing Quarterly JA - Adv Pract Nurs Q A1 - Titus,G W VL - 1 IS - 3 PY - 1995/// N1 -Ayurveda, the oldest health care system in the world, has unique potential waiting to be exploited by the advanced practice nurse (APN) practicing in family health and primary care settings. The background, paradigm, interventions, scientific research, and strategies to implement Ayurveda in APN practice are explored. Although little is known about Ayurveda in Western cultures, it offers many health promotive interventions that can help the APN fulfill the needs of families who seek a level of wellness not offered by conventional medicine.
N2 - Ayurveda, the oldest health care system in the world, has unique potential waiting to be exploited by the advanced practice nurse (APN) practicing in family health and primary care settings. The background, paradigm, interventions, scientific research, and strategies to implement Ayurveda in APN practice are explored. Although little is known about Ayurveda in Western cultures, it offers many health promotive interventions that can help the APN fulfill the needs of families who seek a level of wellness not offered by conventional medicine. KW - Delivery of Health Care KW - Holistic Nursing KW - Humans KW - Medicine, Ayurvedic KW - Primary Health Care SP - 19 EP - 28 SN - 1080-4293 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/9447026 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8513 T1 - Religion, spirituality, health and medicine: why should Indian physicians care? JF - Journal of Postgraduate Medicine JA - J Postgrad Med A1 - Chattopadhyay,S VL - 53 IS - 4 PY - 2007/12//Oct-undefined N1 -Religion, spirituality, health and medicine have common roots in the conceptual framework of relationship amongst human beings, nature and God. Of late, there has been a surge in interest in understanding the interplay of religion, spirituality, health and medicine, both in popular and scientific literature. A number of published empirical studies suggest that religious involvement is associated with better outcomes in physical and mental health. Despite some methodological limitations, these studies do point towards a positive association between religious involvement and better health. When faced with disease, disability and death, many patients would like physicians to address their emotional and spiritual needs, as well. The renewed interest in the interaction of religion and spirituality with health and medicine has significant implications in the Indian context. Although religion is translated as dharma in major Indian languages, dharma and religion are etymologically different and dharma is closer to spirituality than religion as an organized institution. Religion and spirituality play important roles in the lives of millions of Indians and therefore, Indian physicians need to respectfully acknowledge religious issues and address the spiritual needs of their patients. Incorporating religion and spirituality into health and medicine may also go a long way in making the practice of medicine more holistic, ethical and compassionate. It may also offer new opportunities to learn more about Ayurveda and other traditional systems of medicine and have more enriched understanding and collaborative interaction between different systems of medicine. Indian physicians may also find religion and spirituality significant and fulfilling in their own lives.
N2 - Religion, spirituality, health and medicine have common roots in the conceptual framework of relationship amongst human beings, nature and God. Of late, there has been a surge in interest in understanding the interplay of religion, spirituality, health and medicine, both in popular and scientific literature. A number of published empirical studies suggest that religious involvement is associated with better outcomes in physical and mental health. Despite some methodological limitations, these studies do point towards a positive association between religious involvement and better health. When faced with disease, disability and death, many patients would like physicians to address their emotional and spiritual needs, as well. The renewed interest in the interaction of religion and spirituality with health and medicine has significant implications in the Indian context. Although religion is translated as dharma in major Indian languages, dharma and religion are etymologically different and dharma is closer to spirituality than religion as an organized institution. Religion and spirituality play important roles in the lives of millions of Indians and therefore, Indian physicians need to respectfully acknowledge religious issues and address the spiritual needs of their patients. Incorporating religion and spirituality into health and medicine may also go a long way in making the practice of medicine more holistic, ethical and compassionate. It may also offer new opportunities to learn more about Ayurveda and other traditional systems of medicine and have more enriched understanding and collaborative interaction between different systems of medicine. Indian physicians may also find religion and spirituality significant and fulfilling in their own lives. KW - Attitude of Health Personnel KW - Hinduism KW - Humans KW - India KW - Physician's Role KW - Religion and Medicine KW - spirituality SP - 262 EP - 266 SN - 0022-3859 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18097118 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8514 T1 - Some Hindu Insights on a Global Ethic in the Context of Diseases and Epidemics JF - Zygon M3 - 10.1111/1467-9744.00487 A1 - Raman,Varadaraja V. VL - 38 IS - 1 PY - 2003/// N1 -As we develop a global ethic in the context of diseases, we need to reconsider the wisdom of the religious traditions, for there is more to ailments than their material causes. In the Hindu framework, aside from the Ayurvedic system, which is based on herbal medicines and a philosophical framework, there is the insight that much of what we experience is a direct consequence of our karma (consequential actions). Therefore, here one emphasizes self-restraint and self-discipline in contexts that are conducive to self-hurting behavior.
N2 - As we develop a global ethic in the context of diseases, we need to reconsider the wisdom of the religious traditions, for there is more to ailments than their material causes. In the Hindu framework, aside from the Ayurvedic system, which is based on herbal medicines and a philosophical framework, there is the insight that much of what we experience is a direct consequence of our karma (consequential actions). Therefore, here one emphasizes self-restraint and self-discipline in contexts that are conducive to self- hurting behavior. KW - Inda SP - 141 EP - 145 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9744.00487 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8515 T1 - Theories and Management of Aging: Modern and Ayurveda Perspectives JF - Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine: eCAM JA - Evid Based Complement Alternat Med M3 - 10.1093/ecam/nep005 A1 - Datta,Hema Sharma A1 - Mitra,S K A1 - Paramesh,Rangesh A1 - Patwardhan,Bhushan PY - 2009/02/20/ N1 -Aging is a complex phenomenon, a sum total of changes that occur in a living organism with the passage of time and lead to decreasing ability to survive stress, increasing functional impairment and growing probability of death. There are many theories of aging and skin remains the largest organ of the study. Skin aging is described as a consequence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The most common amongst visible signs of skin aging are wrinkles and there are various therapies including antiaging cosmeceuticals, sunscreens, chemical peeling, injectable agents, such as botox, fibrel, autologous fat grafting as also few surgical procedures have been used. Ayurveda, the Indian traditional medicine, describes aging with great details. This review provides modern and Ayurvedic perspectives on theories and management of aging.
N2 - Aging is a complex phenomenon, a sum total of changes that occur in a living organism with the passage of time and lead to decreasing ability to survive stress, increasing functional impairment and growing probability of death. There are many theories of aging and skin remains the largest organ of the study. Skin aging is described as a consequence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The most common amongst visible signs of skin aging are wrinkles and there are various therapies including antiaging cosmeceuticals, sunscreens, chemical peeling, injectable agents, such as botox, fibrel, autologous fat grafting as also few surgical procedures have been used. Ayurveda, the Indian traditional medicine, describes aging with great details. This review provides modern and Ayurvedic perspectives on theories and management of aging. SN - 1741-427X UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19233879 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8516 T1 - Traditional medicine-inspired approaches to drug discovery: can Ayurveda show the way forward? JF - Drug Discovery Today M3 - 10.1016/j.drudis.2009.05.009 A1 - Patwardhan,Bhushan A1 - Mashelkar,Raghunath Anant VL - 14 IS - 15-16 PY - 2009/08// N1 -Drug discovery strategies based on natural products and traditional medicines are re-emerging as attractive options. We suggest that drug discovery and development need not always be confined to new molecular entities. Rationally designed, carefully standardized, synergistic traditional herbal formulations and botanical drug products with robust scientific evidence can also be alternatives. A reverse pharmacology approach, inspired by traditional medicine and Ayurveda, can offer a smart strategy for new drug candidates to facilitate discovery process and also for the development of rational synergistic botanical formulations.
N2 - Drug discovery strategies based on natural products and traditional medicines are re-emerging as attractive options. We suggest that drug discovery and development need not always be confined to new molecular entities. Rationally designed, carefully standardized, synergistic traditional herbal formulations and botanical drug products with robust scientific evidence can also be alternatives. A reverse pharmacology approach, inspired by traditional medicine and Ayurveda, can offer a smart strategy for new drug candidates to facilitate discovery process and also for the development of rational synergistic botanical formulations. KW - Medicine, Ayurvedic SP - 804 EP - 811 SN - 1359-6446 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.bu.edu/science/article/B6T64-4WCSRFR-7/2/4ec31dd3bed40025bf61979a784409ca ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8517 T1 - Utilization of Ayurveda in health care: an approach for prevention, health promotion, and treatment of disease. Part 1--Ayurveda, the science of life JF - Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine JA - J Altern Complement Med M3 - 10.1089/acm.2007.7017-A A1 - Sharma,Hari A1 - Chandola,H M A1 - Singh,Gurdip A1 - Basisht,Gopal VL - 13 IS - 9 PY - 2007/11// N1 -Ayurveda is a natural health care system that originated in India more than 5000 years ago. Its main objective is to achieve optimal health and well-being through a comprehensive approach that addresses mind, body, behavior, and environment. Ayurveda emphasizes prevention and health promotion, and provides treatment for disease. It considers the development of consciousness to be essential for optimal health and meditation as the main technique for achieving this. Treatment of disease is highly individualized and depends on the psychophysiologic constitution of the patient. There are different dietary and lifestyle recommendations for each season of the year. Common spices are utilized in treatment, as well as herbs and herbal mixtures, and special preparations known as Rasayanas are used for rejuvenation, promotion of longevity, and slowing of the aging process. A group of purification procedures known as Panchakarma removes toxins from the physiology. Whereas Western allopathic medicine is excellent in handling acute medical crises, Ayurveda demonstrates an ability to manage chronic disorders that Western medicine has been unable to. It may be projected from Ayurveda’s comprehensive approach, emphasis on prevention, and ability to manage chronic disorders that its widespread use would improve the health status of the world’s population.
N2 - Ayurveda is a natural health care system that originated in India more than 5000 years ago. Its main objective is to achieve optimal health and well-being through a comprehensive approach that addresses mind, body, behavior, and environment. Ayurveda emphasizes prevention and health promotion, and provides treatment for disease. It considers the development of consciousness to be essential for optimal health and meditation as the main technique for achieving this. Treatment of disease is highly individualized and depends on the psychophysiologic constitution of the patient. There are different dietary and lifestyle recommendations for each season of the year. Common spices are utilized in treatment, as well as herbs and herbal mixtures, and special preparations known as Rasayanas are used for rejuvenation, promotion of longevity, and slowing of the aging process. A group of purification procedures known as Panchakarma removes toxins from the physiology. Whereas Western allopathic medicine is excellent in handling acute medical crises, Ayurveda demonstrates an ability to manage chronic disorders that Western medicine has been unable to. It may be projected from Ayurveda's comprehensive approach, emphasis on prevention, and ability to manage chronic disorders that its widespread use would improve the health status of the world's population. KW - Antioxidants KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Health promotion KW - Holistic Health KW - Humans KW - India KW - Life Style KW - Medicine, Ayurvedic KW - Meditation KW - Phytotherapy KW - Plant Extracts KW - Research Design KW - Spices SP - 1011 EP - 1019 SN - 1075-5535 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/18047449 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8518 T1 - Utilization of Ayurveda in health care: an approach for prevention, health promotion, and treatment of disease. Part 2--Ayurveda in primary health care JF - Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine JA - J Altern Complement Med M3 - 10.1089/acm.2007.7017-B A1 - Sharma,Hari A1 - Chandola,H M A1 - Singh,Gurdip A1 - Basisht,Gopal VL - 13 IS - 10 PY - 2007/12// N1 -Ayurveda is a comprehensive natural health care system that originated in India more than 5000 years ago. It is still widely used in India as a system of primary health care, and interest in it is growing worldwide as well. Ayurveda has unique concepts and methodologies to address health care throughout the course of life, from pregnancy and infant care to geriatric disorders. Common spices are utilized, as well as herbs, herbal mixtures, and special preparations known as Rasayanas. Purification procedures known as Panchakarma remove toxins from the physiology. Research has been conducted worldwide on Ayurveda. There are encouraging results for its effectiveness in treating various ailments, including chronic disorders associated with the aging process. Pilot studies presented in this paper were conducted on depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. These preliminary studies yielded positive results and provide a basis for conducting larger, more rigorous clinical trials. Conducting research that compares Ayurveda’s comprehensive treatment approach, Western allopathic treatment, and an integrated approach combining the Ayurvedic and allopathic treatments would shed light on which treatment approach is the most effective for the benefit of the patient.
N2 - Ayurveda is a comprehensive natural health care system that originated in India more than 5000 years ago. It is still widely used in India as a system of primary health care, and interest in it is growing worldwide as well. Ayurveda has unique concepts and methodologies to address health care throughout the course of life, from pregnancy and infant care to geriatric disorders. Common spices are utilized, as well as herbs, herbal mixtures, and special preparations known as Rasayanas. Purification procedures known as Panchakarma remove toxins from the physiology. Research has been conducted worldwide on Ayurveda. There are encouraging results for its effectiveness in treating various ailments, including chronic disorders associated with the aging process. Pilot studies presented in this paper were conducted on depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. These preliminary studies yielded positive results and provide a basis for conducting larger, more rigorous clinical trials. Conducting research that compares Ayurveda's comprehensive treatment approach, Western allopathic treatment, and an integrated approach combining the Ayurvedic and allopathic treatments would shed light on which treatment approach is the most effective for the benefit of the patient. KW - Alzheimer Disease KW - Anxiety KW - depression KW - Health promotion KW - Humans KW - Medicine, Ayurvedic KW - Mind-Body Relations (Metaphysics) KW - Neoplasms KW - Parkinson Disease KW - Phytotherapy KW - Plant Extracts KW - Plants, Medicinal KW - Primary Health Care KW - Sleep Disorders SP - 1135 EP - 1150 SN - 1075-5535 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/18166127 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8519 T1 - Yoga as a therapeutic intervention: a bibliometric analysis of published research studies JF - Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology JA - Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol A1 - Khalsa,Sat Bir S VL - 48 IS - 3 PY - 2004/07// N1 -Although yoga is historically a spiritual discipline, it has also been used clinically as a therapeutic intervention. A bibliometric analysis on the biomedical journal literature involving research on the clinical application of yoga has revealed an increase in publication frequency over the past 3 decades with a substantial and growing use of randomized controlled trials. Types of medical conditions have included psychopathological (e.g. depression, anxiety), cardiovascular (e.g. hypertension, heart disease), respiratory (e.g. asthma), diabetes and a variety of others. A majority of this research has been conducted by Indian investigators and published in Indian journals, particularly yoga specialty journals, although recent trends indicate increasing contributions from investigators in the U.S. and England. Yoga therapy is a relatively novel and emerging clinical discipline within the broad category of mind-body medicine, whose growth is consistent with the burgeoning popularity of yoga in the West and the increasing worldwide use of alternative medicine.
N2 - Although yoga is historically a spiritual discipline, it has also been used clinically as a therapeutic intervention. A bibliometric analysis on the biomedical journal literature involving research on the clinical application of yoga has revealed an increase in publication frequency over the past 3 decades with a substantial and growing use of randomized controlled trials. Types of medical conditions have included psychopathological (e.g. depression, anxiety), cardiovascular (e.g. hypertension, heart disease), respiratory (e.g. asthma), diabetes and a variety of others. A majority of this research has been conducted by Indian investigators and published in Indian journals, particularly yoga specialty journals, although recent trends indicate increasing contributions from investigators in the U.S. and England. Yoga therapy is a relatively novel and emerging clinical discipline within the broad category of mind-body medicine, whose growth is consistent with the burgeoning popularity of yoga in the West and the increasing worldwide use of alternative medicine. KW - Bibliometrics KW - Cardiovascular Diseases KW - Humans KW - Mental Disorders KW - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic KW - yoga SP - 269 EP - 285 SN - 0019-5499 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/15648399 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8520 T1 - American Acupuncture and Efficacy: Meanings and Their Points of Insertion JF - Medical Anthropology Quarterly M3 - 10.1525/maq.2005.19.3.239 A1 - Barnes,Linda L. VL - 19 IS - 3 PY - 2005/// N1 -By its very definition, efficacy’s meanings remain fluid, their particularities contingent on context. The change seen as significant may occur on a symbolic level or through the removal of physical symptoms. It may address conditions of a social body. Some discussions differentiate between “healing” and “curing.” Many of these meanings surface when examining what efficacy means in the practice of acupuncture in the United States. This complex phenomenon is possible largely because acupuncture draws on the qi paradigm on the one hand, allowing for the most ephemeral dimensions of experience to be included in considerations of efficacy. On the other hand, in the most material sense, acupuncture is also susceptible to being conceptualized as a device, independent of that same paradigm, allowing for the insertion of biomedical models and criteria. Pluralism within acupuncture itself intersects with, and even embodies, the medical pluralism of U.S. culture.
N2 - By its very definition, efficacy's meanings remain fluid, their particularities contingent on context. The change seen as significant may occur on a symbolic level or through the removal of physical symptoms. It may address conditions of a social body. Some discussions differentiate between "healing" and "curing." Many of these meanings surface when examining what efficacy means in the practice of acupuncture in the United States. This complex phenomenon is possible largely because acupuncture draws on the qi paradigm on the one hand, allowing for the most ephemeral dimensions of experience to be included in considerations of efficacy. On the other hand, in the most material sense, acupuncture is also susceptible to being conceptualized as a device, independent of that same paradigm, allowing for the insertion of biomedical models and criteria. Pluralism within acupuncture itself intersects with, and even embodies, the medical pluralism of U.S. culture. SP - 239 EP - 266 UR - http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/10.1525/maq.2005.19.3.239 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8521 T1 - Bioethics for clinicians: 20. Chinese bioethics JF - Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De l'Association Medicale Canadienne JA - CMAJ A1 - Bowman,K W A1 - Hui,E C VL - 163 IS - 11 PY - 2000/11/28/ N1 -Chinese Canadians form one of the largest groups in the Canadian cultural mosaic. Many of the assumptions implicit in a Western autonomy-based approach to bioethical deliberation may not be shared by Chinese Canadians. In traditional Chinese culture, greater social and moral meaning rests in the interdependence of family and community, which overrides self-determination. Consequently, many Chinese may vest in family members the right to receive and disclose information, to make decisions and to organize patient care. Furthermore, interactions between Chinese patients and health care workers may be affected by important differences in values and goals and in the perception of the nature and meaning of illness. Acknowledging and negotiating these differences can lead to considerable improvement in communication and in the quality of care.
N2 - Chinese Canadians form one of the largest groups in the Canadian cultural mosaic. Many of the assumptions implicit in a Western autonomy-based approach to bioethical deliberation may not be shared by Chinese Canadians. In traditional Chinese culture, greater social and moral meaning rests in the interdependence of family and community, which overrides self-determination. Consequently, many Chinese may vest in family members the right to receive and disclose information, to make decisions and to organize patient care. Furthermore, interactions between Chinese patients and health care workers may be affected by important differences in values and goals and in the perception of the nature and meaning of illness. Acknowledging and negotiating these differences can lead to considerable improvement in communication and in the quality of care. KW - Aged KW - Attitude to Health KW - Bioethics KW - Canada KW - China KW - Confucianism KW - Cultural Characteristics KW - Decision Making KW - Ethics, Medical KW - Family Relations KW - Humans KW - Informed Consent KW - Patient Advocacy KW - Physician-Patient Relations SP - 1481 EP - 1485 SN - 0820-3946 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/11192658 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8522 T1 - Changes in Attitudes of Japanese Doctors toward Complementary and Alternative Medicine--Comparison of Surveys in 1999 and 2005 in Kyoto JF - Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine JA - Evid Based Complement Alternat Med M3 - 10.1093/ecam/nep040 A1 - Fujiwara,Kenji A1 - Imanishi,Jiro A1 - Watanabe,Satoko A1 - Ozasa,Kotaro A1 - Sakurada,Kumi PY - 2009/05/21/ N1 -We surveyed the attitudes of Japanese medical doctors toward complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in 1999. It is supposed that the situation concerning CAM has been changing recently. The aim of the present study is to survey the attitude of doctors toward CAM again, and to examine changes in attitude over the last 6 years. The attitudes of medical doctors belonging to the Kyoto Medical Association toward CAM were surveyed by a structured, self-administered questionnaire in 1999 and 2005. The results showed that the doctors familiar with the term ‘CAM’, practicing CAM therapies, and attending meetings or training courses related with CAM, increased significantly from 1999 to 2005. The doctors who possessed knowledge of CAM also increased significantly from 1999 to 2005. Almost all doctors believed in the effectiveness of Kampo (Japanese traditional herbal medicine) and acupuncture. The number of doctors who believed in the effectiveness of aromatherapy and ayurveda increased significantly in 2005, compared with 1999. In the near future, 58% of doctors desired to practice CAM therapies. In conclusion, the numbers of doctors who practice CAM therapies, possess CAM knowledge and desire to practice such therapies have increased over the last 6 years in Japan.
N2 - We surveyed the attitudes of Japanese medical doctors toward complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in 1999. It is supposed that the situation concerning CAM has been changing recently. The aim of the present study is to survey the attitude of doctors toward CAM again, and to examine changes in attitude over the last 6 years. The attitudes of medical doctors belonging to the Kyoto Medical Association toward CAM were surveyed by a structured, self-administered questionnaire in 1999 and 2005. The results showed that the doctors familiar with the term 'CAM', practicing CAM therapies, and attending meetings or training courses related with CAM, increased significantly from 1999 to 2005. The doctors who possessed knowledge of CAM also increased significantly from 1999 to 2005. Almost all doctors believed in the effectiveness of Kampo (Japanese traditional herbal medicine) and acupuncture. The number of doctors who believed in the effectiveness of aromatherapy and ayurveda increased significantly in 2005, compared with 1999. In the near future, 58% of doctors desired to practice CAM therapies. In conclusion, the numbers of doctors who practice CAM therapies, possess CAM knowledge and desire to practice such therapies have increased over the last 6 years in Japan. SN - 1741-427X UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19465404 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8523 T1 - Herbal medicine research in Taiwan JF - Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine JA - Evid Based Complement Alternat Med M3 - 10.1093/ecam/nek016 A1 - Kaphle,Krishna A1 - Wu,Leang-Shin A1 - Yang,Nai-Yen Jack A1 - Lin,Jen-Hsou VL - 3 IS - 1 PY - 2006/03// N1 -Of all the countries in the world, why did you choose Taiwan to pursue your study? It is a question that I (comments of the first author) have answered a thousand times. My first visit to a laboratory at National Taiwan University opened my eyes to the possibilities of herbal medicine research, especially in the area of veterinary medicine. It became my ambition to link the knowledge of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Ayurveda from the Indian subcontinent and their integration with other systems of medicine, including Western medicine (WM), to achieve the concept of Sustainable Medicine, firstly for animals and then for humans. The Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOEA) has implemented a technology development program to quickly establish the key technologies, and this is a moment of opportunity for Taiwan’s traditional herbal medicine industry to upgrade and transform itself. This paper, initially intended to be a student’s narration, has evolved into a multi-author treatise on the present state and likely future scenario of herbal medicine research in Taiwan.
N2 - Of all the countries in the world, why did you choose Taiwan to pursue your study? It is a question that I (comments of the first author) have answered a thousand times. My first visit to a laboratory at National Taiwan University opened my eyes to the possibilities of herbal medicine research, especially in the area of veterinary medicine. It became my ambition to link the knowledge of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Ayurveda from the Indian subcontinent and their integration with other systems of medicine, including Western medicine (WM), to achieve the concept of Sustainable Medicine, firstly for animals and then for humans. The Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOEA) has implemented a technology development program to quickly establish the key technologies, and this is a moment of opportunity for Taiwan's traditional herbal medicine industry to upgrade and transform itself. This paper, initially intended to be a student's narration, has evolved into a multi-author treatise on the present state and likely future scenario of herbal medicine research in Taiwan. SP - 149 EP - 155 SN - 1741-427X UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/16550238 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8524 T1 - Integrating Western medicine and Traditional Chinese medicine in GP surgeries and the community: a review of the two pilot schemes JF - The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health JA - J R Soc Promot Health A1 - Au,S A1 - Hiew,S VL - 122 IS - 4 PY - 2002/12// N1 -The popularity of complementary medicine has been relentless over the past decade. Among the most popular are Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) which has a long and unbroken history. This article reports on two integrated health care pilot schemes where TCM and Western medicine are merged, to varying degrees, for the benefits of patients. One of the schemes focuses on general medicine whilst the other focuses on mental health. The authors conclude that the integrated schemes have many advantages and, on the whole, are beneficial for patients. The issues involved and learning points are discussed.
N2 - The popularity of complementary medicine has been relentless over the past decade. Among the most popular are Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) which has a long and unbroken history. This article reports on two integrated health care pilot schemes where TCM and Western medicine are merged, to varying degrees, for the benefits of patients. One of the schemes focuses on general medicine whilst the other focuses on mental health. The authors conclude that the integrated schemes have many advantages and, on the whole, are beneficial for patients. The issues involved and learning points are discussed. KW - Complementary Therapies KW - England KW - Family Practice KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Holistic Health KW - Humans KW - Medicine, Chinese Traditional KW - Mental Disorders KW - Pilot Projects KW - Program Evaluation SP - 220 EP - 225 SN - 1466-4240 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/12557730 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8525 T1 - Randomized Controlled Crime: Postcolonial Sciences in Alternative Medicine Research JF - Social Studies of Science A1 - Adams,Vincanne VL - 32 IS - 5/6 PY - 2002/12//Oct N1 -The ambiguous terrain of ‘fact-making’ in biomedical clinical research is explored by way of an investigation of the criminalization of Tibetan medicine and Tibetan medical practitioners who participate in the global pharmaceutical pursuit of new medical products. Transcultural encounters between biomedical research interests and Tibetan medical practitioners suggest the production of awkward alliances between the state, markets, and measures of medical efficacy on an uneven global playing field. Moving beyond the possibility that a postcolonial science will be inherently hybrid, this paper seeks to uncover the inequalities of such hybrid-making encounters. When ‘medical facts’ must be derived from ‘magical beliefs’ in the centres of biomedical science, the state often intervenes to criminalize practitioners of alternative medicine. But, when profits are to be made on the fact that ‘the magical’ sells in alternative medicine, the state also makes it possible to shift ownership of medical knowledge, sometimes by way of the randomized controlled trial and the pursuit of active ingredients. The possibility of relocating the label of ‘crime’ is explored in this paper by way of an inquiry into processes that enable this shift in ownership, and a relocation of what constitutes medical ‘fact’ versus ‘belief’.
N2 - The ambiguous terrain of 'fact-making' in biomedical clinical research is explored by way of an investigation of the criminalization of Tibetan medicine and Tibetan medical practitioners who participate in the global pharmaceutical pursuit of new medical products. Transcultural encounters between biomedical research interests and Tibetan medical practitioners suggest the production of awkward alliances between the state, markets, and measures of medical efficacy on an uneven global playing field. Moving beyond the possibility that a postcolonial science will be inherently hybrid, this paper seeks to uncover the inequalities of such hybrid-making encounters. When 'medical facts' must be derived from 'magical beliefs' in the centres of biomedical science, the state often intervenes to criminalize practitioners of alternative medicine. But, when profits are to be made on the fact that 'the magical' sells in alternative medicine, the state also makes it possible to shift ownership of medical knowledge, sometimes by way of the randomized controlled trial and the pursuit of active ingredients. The possibility of relocating the label of 'crime' is explored in this paper by way of an inquiry into processes that enable this shift in ownership, and a relocation of what constitutes medical 'fact' versus 'belief'. SP - 659 EP - 690 SN - 03063127 UR - http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/3183051 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8526 T1 - T'ai chi and qigong for health: patterns of use in the United States JF - Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine JA - J Altern Complement Med M3 - 10.1089/acm.2009.0174 A1 - Birdee,Gurjeet S A1 - Wayne,Peter M A1 - Davis,Roger B A1 - Phillips,Russell S A1 - Yeh,Gloria Y VL - 15 IS - 9 PY - 2009/09// N1 -Background: Little is known in the United States about those who practice t’ai chi and qigong, two mind-body techniques that originated in Asia. Objective: The objective of this study is to characterize use of t’ai chi and qigong for health with regard to sociodemographics, health status, medical conditions, perceptions of helpfulness, and disclosure of use to medical professionals. Methods: We analyzed associations of t’ai chi and qigong use for health using cross-sectional data from the 2002 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Alternative Medicine Supplement (n = 31,044). The 2002 NHIS estimated the number of t’ai chi and qigong users for health to be 2.5 and 0.5 million persons, respectively. We collapsed t’ai chi and qigong use into a single category (TCQ) for analysis, representing 2.8 million individuals. Results: We found that neither age nor sex was associated with TCQ use. TCQ users were more likely than nonusers to be Asian than white (odds ratio [OR] 2.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30-3.15), college educated (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.97-3.03), and less likely to live in the Midwest (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.42-0.96) or the southern United States (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.36-0.72) than the West. TCQ use was associated independently with higher reports of musculoskeletal conditions (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.11-1.83), severe sprains (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.14-2.40), and asthma (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.08-2.10). Half of TCQ users also used yoga for health in the last 12 months. Most TCQ users reported their practice to be important to maintain health, but only a quarter of users disclosed their practice to a medical professional. Conclusions: In the United States, TCQ is practiced for health by a diverse population, and users report benefits for maintaining health. Further research is needed to establish efficacy and safety for target populations, including those with musculoskeletal and pulmonary disease, as well as for preventive health.
N2 - BACKGROUND: Little is known in the United States about those who practice t'ai chi and qigong, two mind-body techniques that originated in Asia. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to characterize use of t'ai chi and qigong for health with regard to sociodemographics, health status, medical conditions, perceptions of helpfulness, and disclosure of use to medical professionals. METHODS: We analyzed associations of t'ai chi and qigong use for health using cross-sectional data from the 2002 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Alternative Medicine Supplement (n = 31,044). The 2002 NHIS estimated the number of t'ai chi and qigong users for health to be 2.5 and 0.5 million persons, respectively. We collapsed t'ai chi and qigong use into a single category (TCQ) for analysis, representing 2.8 million individuals. RESULTS: We found that neither age nor sex was associated with TCQ use. TCQ users were more likely than nonusers to be Asian than white (odds ratio [OR] 2.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30-3.15), college educated (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.97-3.03), and less likely to live in the Midwest (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.42-0.96) or the southern United States (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.36-0.72) than the West. TCQ use was associated independently with higher reports of musculoskeletal conditions (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.11-1.83), severe sprains (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.14-2.40), and asthma (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.08-2.10). Half of TCQ users also used yoga for health in the last 12 months. Most TCQ users reported their practice to be important to maintain health, but only a quarter of users disclosed their practice to a medical professional. CONCLUSIONS: In the United States, TCQ is practiced for health by a diverse population, and users report benefits for maintaining health. Further research is needed to establish efficacy and safety for target populations, including those with musculoskeletal and pulmonary disease, as well as for preventive health. SP - 969 EP - 973 SN - 1557-7708 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19757974 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8527 T1 - The Emergence of an Urban U. S. Chinese Medicine T3 - New Series JF - Medical Anthropology Quarterly A1 - Hare,Martha L. VL - 7 IS - 1 PY - 1993/03// N1 -Fieldwork conducted among a diverse sample of non-Asian patients of Chinese medicine in New York City during 1989 and 1990 showed that they are formulating models of health, illness, and healing based mainly upon their own bodily experience with therapy. They view the Chinese medical therapy that they receive as holistic, in contrast to the fragmentary nature of biomedicine. While some practitioners who were interviewed also spoke of personal encounters with the healing mechanisms of this non-Western form of treatment, the models of both Asians and non-Asians in this second category tended to focus upon Confucian or Taoist ideals of order and responsibility. It is hypothesized that, while certainly affected by socioeconomic and political exigencies, an urban U.S. variant of Chinese medicine may be emerging from the ground up; that is, from the consumers and therapists who are most intimately involved with the system.
N2 - Fieldwork conducted among a diverse sample of non-Asian patients of Chinese medicine in New York City during 1989 and 1990 showed that they are formulating models of health, illness, and healing based mainly upon their own bodily experience with therapy. They view the Chinese medical therapy that they receive as holistic, in contrast to the fragmentary nature of biomedicine. While some practitioners who were interviewed also spoke of personal encounters with the healing mechanisms of this non-Western form of treatment, the models of both Asians and non-Asians in this second category tended to focus upon Confucian or Taoist ideals of order and responsibility. It is hypothesized that, while certainly affected by socioeconomic and political exigencies, an urban U.S. variant of Chinese medicine may be emerging from the ground up; that is, from the consumers and therapists who are most intimately involved with the system. SP - 30 EP - 49 SN - 07455194 UR - http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/649245 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8528 T1 - The psychologizing of Chinese healing practices in the United States JF - Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry JA - Cult Med Psychiatry A1 - Barnes,L L VL - 22 IS - 4 PY - 1998/12// N1 -This paper explores ways in which Chinese healing practices have undergone acculturation in the United States since the early 1970s. Reacting to what is perceived as biomedicine’s focus on the physiological, those who describe themselves as favoring a holistic orientation often use the language of “energy blockage” to explain illness, whether thought of as “physical,” “emotional,” or “spiritual.” Acupuncture in particular has been appropriated as one modality with which to “unblock” such conditions, leading to its being used by some practitioners in conjunction with more psychotherapeutic approaches which include valuing the verbalizing of feelings. Some non-Chinese practitioners in the United States, returning to older Chinese texts to develop “an American acupuncture,” are reinserting diagnoses eliminated from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) by the People’s Republic of China as “superstition.” The assumption has been that many such diagnostic categories refer to psychological or spiritual conditions, and therefore may be useful in those American contexts which favor this orientation. Among these categories are those drawn from traditions of demonology in Chinese medicine. What was once a religious category in China turns psychological in the American setting. At the same time, many who use these terms have, since the late 1960s, increasingly conflated the psychological and the religious, the latter being reframed as “spiritual.” Thus, this indigenization of Chinese practices is a complex synthesis which can be described as simultaneously medical, psychotherapeutic, and religious.
N2 - This paper explores ways in which Chinese healing practices have undergone acculturation in the United States since the early 1970s. Reacting to what is perceived as biomedicine's focus on the physiological, those who describe themselves as favoring a holistic orientation often use the language of "energy blockage" to explain illness, whether thought of as "physical," "emotional," or "spiritual." Acupuncture in particular has been appropriated as one modality with which to "unblock" such conditions, leading to its being used by some practitioners in conjunction with more psychotherapeutic approaches which include valuing the verbalizing of feelings. Some non-Chinese practitioners in the United States, returning to older Chinese texts to develop "an American acupuncture," are reinserting diagnoses eliminated from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) by the People's Republic of China as "superstition." The assumption has been that many such diagnostic categories refer to psychological or spiritual conditions, and therefore may be useful in those American contexts which favor this orientation. Among these categories are those drawn from traditions of demonology in Chinese medicine. What was once a religious category in China turns psychological in the American setting. At the same time, many who use these terms have, since the late 1960s, increasingly conflated the psychological and the religious, the latter being reframed as "spiritual." Thus, this indigenization of Chinese practices is a complex synthesis which can be described as simultaneously medical, psychotherapeutic, and religious. KW - Acupuncture Therapy KW - Affect KW - China KW - Culture KW - Humans KW - Language KW - Medicine, Chinese Traditional KW - Mental Healing KW - Psychotherapy KW - Religion and Psychology KW - Spiritualism KW - United States SP - 413 EP - 443 SN - 0165-005X UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/10063466 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8529 T1 - Therapeutic benefits of qigong exercises in combination with drugs JF - Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine JA - J Altern Complement Med A1 - Sancier,K M VL - 5 IS - 4 PY - 1999/08// N1 -This article reviews clinical studies from the Qigong Bibliographic Database, developed by the Qigong Institute, a nonprofit organization. This database was started in 1994 and holds approximately 1300 references going back to 1986, covering medical applications, scientific, and experimental studies on qigong from China, the United States, and Europe. Records in English have been compiled from International Qigong conferences and seminars, scientific journals, magazines, dissertations, MEDLINE, and other databases. The therapeutic role of qigong exercises combined with drugs is reported for three medical conditions that require drug therapy for health maintenance: hypertension, respiratory disease, and cancer. In these studies, drugs were administered to all patients who were divided into two groups, a group that practiced qigong exercises and a control group that did not. Taken together, these studies suggest that practicing qigong exercises may favorably affect many functions of the body, permit reduction of the dosage of drugs required for health maintenance, and provide greater health benefits than the use of drug therapy alone. For hypertensive patients, combining qigong practice with drug therapy for hypertensive patients resulted in reduced incidence of stroke and mortality and reduced dosage of drugs required for blood pressure maintenance. For asthma patients, the combination therapy permitted reduction in drug dosage, the need for sick leave, duration of hospitalization, and costs of therapy. For cancer patients, the combination therapy reduced the side effects of cancer therapy. Also reported is a study showing that the practice of qigong helps to rehabilitate drug addicts. The reported studies do not necessarily measure up to the strict protocols required for randomized controlled clinical trials.
N2 - This article reviews clinical studies from the Qigong Bibliographic Database, developed by the Qigong Institute, a nonprofit organization. This database was started in 1994 and holds approximately 1300 references going back to 1986, covering medical applications, scientific, and experimental studies on qigong from China, the United States, and Europe. Records in English have been compiled from International Qigong conferences and seminars, scientific journals, magazines, dissertations, MEDLINE, and other databases. The therapeutic role of qigong exercises combined with drugs is reported for three medical conditions that require drug therapy for health maintenance: hypertension, respiratory disease, and cancer. In these studies, drugs were administered to all patients who were divided into two groups, a group that practiced qigong exercises and a control group that did not. Taken together, these studies suggest that practicing qigong exercises may favorably affect many functions of the body, permit reduction of the dosage of drugs required for health maintenance, and provide greater health benefits than the use of drug therapy alone. For hypertensive patients, combining qigong practice with drug therapy for hypertensive patients resulted in reduced incidence of stroke and mortality and reduced dosage of drugs required for blood pressure maintenance. For asthma patients, the combination therapy permitted reduction in drug dosage, the need for sick leave, duration of hospitalization, and costs of therapy. For cancer patients, the combination therapy reduced the side effects of cancer therapy. Also reported is a study showing that the practice of qigong helps to rehabilitate drug addicts. The reported studies do not necessarily measure up to the strict protocols required for randomized controlled clinical trials. KW - Breathing Exercises KW - COMBINED modality therapy KW - Hypertension KW - Neoplasms KW - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases KW - Retrospective Studies SP - 383 EP - 389 SN - 1075-5535 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/10471019 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8530 T1 - Aesthetic surgery and religion: Islamic law perspective JF - Aesthetic Plastic Surgery JA - Aesthetic Plast Surg M3 - 10.1007/s00266-007-9040-7 A1 - Atiyeh,Bishara S A1 - Kadry,Mohamed A1 - Hayek,Shady N A1 - Musharafieh,Ramzi S VL - 32 IS - 1 PY - 2008/01// N1 -Background: Plastic surgeons are called upon to perform aesthetic surgery on patients of every gender, race, lifestyle, and religion. Currently, it may seem natural that cosmetic surgery should be perceived as permissible, and in our modern liberal age, it seems strange to attempt justifying certain surgical acts in the light of a particular cultural or religious tradition. Yet every day, cruel realities demonstrate that although the foremost intention of any scripture or tradition has been mainly to promote religious and moral values, most religions, including Christianity, Islam, and Judaism, invariably affect human behavior and attitude deeply, dictating some rigid positions regarding critical health issues. Methods: A Web search was conducted, and the literature was reviewed using the Medline search tool. Results: Islamic law closely regulates and governs the life of every Muslim. Bioethical deliberation is inseparable from the religion itself, which emphasizes continuities between body and mind, between material and spiritual realms, and between ethics and jurisprudence. Conclusions: The rule in Islam is that individuals should be satisfied with the way Allah has created them. Islam welcomes, however, the practice of plastic surgery as long as it is done for the benefit of patients. Even if it clearly considers “changing the creation of Allah” as unlawful, Islamic law is ambiguous regarding cosmetic surgery. Its objection to cosmetic surgery is not absolute. It is rather an objection to exaggeration and extremism. It has been mentioned that “Allah is beautiful and loves beauty.”
N2 - BACKGROUND: Plastic surgeons are called upon to perform aesthetic surgery on patients of every gender, race, lifestyle, and religion. Currently, it may seem natural that cosmetic surgery should be perceived as permissible, and in our modern liberal age, it seems strange to attempt justifying certain surgical acts in the light of a particular cultural or religious tradition. Yet every day, cruel realities demonstrate that although the foremost intention of any scripture or tradition has been mainly to promote religious and moral values, most religions, including Christianity, Islam, and Judaism, invariably affect human behavior and attitude deeply, dictating some rigid positions regarding critical health issues. METHODS: A Web search was conducted, and the literature was reviewed using the Medline search tool. RESULTS: Islamic law closely regulates and governs the life of every Muslim. Bioethical deliberation is inseparable from the religion itself, which emphasizes continuities between body and mind, between material and spiritual realms, and between ethics and jurisprudence. CONCLUSIONS: The rule in Islam is that individuals should be satisfied with the way Allah has created them. Islam welcomes, however, the practice of plastic surgery as long as it is done for the benefit of patients. Even if it clearly considers "changing the creation of Allah" as unlawful, Islamic law is ambiguous regarding cosmetic surgery. Its objection to cosmetic surgery is not absolute. It is rather an objection to exaggeration and extremism. It has been mentioned that "Allah is beautiful and loves beauty." KW - Arabs KW - Attitude to Health KW - Cultural Characteristics KW - Ethics, Medical KW - Humans KW - ISLAM KW - Reconstructive Surgical Procedures KW - Religion and Medicine KW - Social Justice KW - Social Values KW - Surgery, Plastic SP - 1 EP - 10 SN - 0364-216X UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/17968614 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8531 T1 - African-American Muslim women and health care JF - Women & Health JA - Women Health A1 - Rajaram,Shireen S A1 - Rashidi,Anahita VL - 37 IS - 3 PY - 2003/// N1 -Muslims constitute a growing proportion of the African-American population. This paper explores the health practices, health behaviors, and code of ethics as informed by the Islamic religion within the context of African-American Muslim women’s lives. An overview of the history of Islam in the world, and in the U.S., the main Islamic tenets, and the socio-cultural context of African-American Muslim women provides the broad framework for this paper. This information will be helpful in meeting the health needs of African-American Islamic women, within an outreach/community health promotion setting, within a clinical/hospital setting, or within a home care setting.
N2 - Muslims constitute a growing proportion of the African-American population. This paper explores the health practices, health behaviors, and code of ethics as informed by the Islamic religion within the context of African-American Muslim women's lives. An overview of the history of Islam in the world, and in the U.S., the main Islamic tenets, and the socio-cultural context of African-American Muslim women provides the broad framework for this paper. This information will be helpful in meeting the health needs of African-American Islamic women, within an outreach/community health promotion setting, within a clinical/hospital setting, or within a home care setting. KW - African Americans KW - Attitude to Health KW - Culture KW - Family KW - Female KW - Health Services Needs and Demand KW - Health Services Research KW - Holistic Health KW - Humans KW - Interpersonal Relations KW - ISLAM KW - Physician-Patient Relations KW - United States KW - Women's Health Services SP - 81 EP - 96 SN - 0363-0242 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/12839309 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8532 T1 - AIDS and Islam in America JF - Journal of the Association for Academic Minority Physicians: The Official Publication of the Association for Academic Minority Physicians JA - J Assoc Acad Minor Phys A1 - Ghalib,Kareem A1 - Peralta,Ligia VL - 13 IS - 2 PY - 2002/04// N1 -Islam is the fastest growing religion in the United States. African Americans make up the largest part of the Muslim community in America, and they are also the individuals at greatest risk for contracting HIV. With the objective of understanding the impact of religious and cultural beliefs on HIV risk behaviors, this article reviews the literature on HIV and AIDS in Muslim communities in America. While no specific data exists regarding HIV seroprevalence or the risk factors for transmission of HIV in specifically American Muslim communities, the available information is presented describing American Muslims’ attitudes and beliefs regarding HIV. Furthermore, in order to help clinicians improve the delivery of HIV preventive services to members of these communities, Islamic doctrine is described in relation to the three main risk factors for acquiring HIV: sexual activity, drug use and perinatal transmission. American Muslims make up a diverse population which have unique needs regarding prevention of HIV and AIDS. These needs must be more fully investigated and understood in order to minimize rates of HIV transmission in these rapidly growing communities.
N2 - Islam is the fastest growing religion in the United States. African Americans make up the largest part of the Muslim community in America, and they are also the individuals at greatest risk for contracting HIV. With the objective of understanding the impact of religious and cultural beliefs on HIV risk behaviors, this article reviews the literature on HIV and AIDS in Muslim communities in America. While no specific data exists regarding HIV seroprevalence or the risk factors for transmission of HIV in specifically American Muslim communities, the available information is presented describing American Muslims' attitudes and beliefs regarding HIV. Furthermore, in order to help clinicians improve the delivery of HIV preventive services to members of these communities, Islamic doctrine is described in relation to the three main risk factors for acquiring HIV: sexual activity, drug use and perinatal transmission. American Muslims make up a diverse population which have unique needs regarding prevention of HIV and AIDS. These needs must be more fully investigated and understood in order to minimize rates of HIV transmission in these rapidly growing communities. KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome KW - African Americans KW - HIV Infections KW - HIV Seroprevalence KW - Humans KW - ISLAM KW - Religion and Medicine KW - Sexual behavior KW - United States SP - 48 EP - 52 SN - 1048-9886 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/12362567 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8533 T1 - AIDS in contemporary Islamic ethical literature JF - Medicine and Law JA - Med Law A1 - Francesca,Ersilia VL - 21 IS - 2 PY - 2002/// N1 -AIDS has been mentioned in Islamic ethical literature since about 1985 as an illness pertaining to European and American homosexuals. Only since about 1990 has the presence of HIV/AIDS in Islamic countries cast light on the fact that the actual sexual behaviour of the population does not always conform to religious norms. The increase in the numbers of people with HIV has compelled religious leaders to take a stand on sexual practices they consider “deviant”, from prostitution to homosexuality and extramarital sex. The aim of this paper is to analyse the attitude of Muslim religious authorities towards individual sexual behaviour and AIDS. It is based mainly on contemporary legal responses that largely provide the necessary information on most of Islamic medical ethics. According to Muslim scholars, AIDS is a warning from God not to indulge in illicit conduct. As a remedy against the spread of AIDS, they encourage compliance with traditional family values and the enhancement of faith and devotion and strongly oppose sex education. They oppose promotion of condoms or any form of safe sex outside of marriage, which they perceive as promoting promiscuity and defiance of divine law. All the above-mentioned arguments are not exhaustive of the Islamic attitude towards AIDS. Some religious groups disagree with such a conservative way of conceiving the fight against AIDS as being antithetical to both men’s and women’s well-being. They support an alternative view of reproductive health and human rights within the Islamic framework and stress the great tolerance of Islam and why it must include people with HIV and AIDS.
N2 - AIDS has been mentioned in Islamic ethical literature since about 1985 as an illness pertaining to European and American homosexuals. Only since about 1990 has the presence of HIV/AIDS in Islamic countries cast light on the fact that the actual sexual behaviour of the population does not always conform to religious norms. The increase in the numbers of people with HIV has compelled religious leaders to take a stand on sexual practices they consider "deviant", from prostitution to homosexuality and extramarital sex. The aim of this paper is to analyse the attitude of Muslim religious authorities towards individual sexual behaviour and AIDS. It is based mainly on contemporary legal responses that largely provide the necessary information on most of Islamic medical ethics. According to Muslim scholars, AIDS is a warning from God not to indulge in illicit conduct. As a remedy against the spread of AIDS, they encourage compliance with traditional family values and the enhancement of faith and devotion and strongly oppose sex education. They oppose promotion of condoms or any form of safe sex outside of marriage, which they perceive as promoting promiscuity and defiance of divine law. All the above-mentioned arguments are not exhaustive of the Islamic attitude towards AIDS. Some religious groups disagree with such a conservative way of conceiving the fight against AIDS as being antithetical to both men's and women's well-being. They support an alternative view of reproductive health and human rights within the Islamic framework and stress the great tolerance of Islam and why it must include people with HIV and AIDS. KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome KW - Ethics KW - Homosexuality, Male KW - Humans KW - ISLAM KW - Male KW - Sex Education KW - Sexual behavior SP - 381 EP - 394 SN - 0723-1393 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/12184613 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8534 T1 - Bioethics for clinicians: 21. Islamic bioethics JF - CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De l'Association Medicale Canadienne JA - CMAJ A1 - Daar,A S A1 - al Khitamy,A B VL - 164 IS - 1 PY - 2001/01/09/ N1 -Islamic bioethics derives from a combination of principles, duties and rights, and, to a certain extent, a call to virtue. In Islam, bioethical decision-making is carried out within a framework of values derived from revelation and tradition. It is intimately linked to the broad ethical teachings of the Qur’an and the tradition of the Prophet Muhammed, and thus to the interpretation of Islamic law. In this way, Islam has the flexibility to respond to new biomedical technologies. Islamic bioethics emphasizes prevention and teaches that the patient must be treated with respect and compassion and that the physical, mental and spiritual dimensions of the illness experience be taken into account. Because Islam shares many foundational values with Judaism and Christianity, the informed Canadian physician will find Islamic bioethics quite familiar. Canadian Muslims come from varied backgrounds and have varying degrees of religious observance. Physicians need to recognize this diversity and avoid a stereotypical approach to Muslim patients.
N2 - Islamic bioethics derives from a combination of principles, duties and rights, and, to a certain extent, a call to virtue. In Islam, bioethical decision-making is carried out within a framework of values derived from revelation and tradition. It is intimately linked to the broad ethical teachings of the Qur'an and the tradition of the Prophet Muhammed, and thus to the interpretation of Islamic law. In this way, Islam has the flexibility to respond to new biomedical technologies. Islamic bioethics emphasizes prevention and teaches that the patient must be treated with respect and compassion and that the physical, mental and spiritual dimensions of the illness experience be taken into account. Because Islam shares many foundational values with Judaism and Christianity, the informed Canadian physician will find Islamic bioethics quite familiar. Canadian Muslims come from varied backgrounds and have varying degrees of religious observance. Physicians need to recognize this diversity and avoid a stereotypical approach to Muslim patients. KW - Abortion, Induced KW - Attitude to Death KW - Bioethics KW - Canada KW - Female KW - Fertilization in Vitro KW - Humans KW - ISLAM KW - Male KW - Pregnancy KW - Religion and Medicine KW - Tissue Donors SP - 60 EP - 63 SN - 0820-3946 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/11202669 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8535 T1 - Biomedical research ethics: an Islamic view, part I JF - International Journal of Surgery (London, England) JA - Int J Surg M3 - 10.1016/j.ijsu.2006.04.011 A1 - Afifi,Raafat Y VL - 5 IS - 5 PY - 2007/10// N1 -Most of the currently accepted western basic principles of ethics in research are consistent with the instructions of Islam. This statement may come as a surprise to some western researchers. In this article, I will discuss why Islam rejects secularization and this is not because the ethical principles embedded in Islam’s teachings are archaic and out of touch with current realities. In addition, I will point out the agreement between general broad principles of research ethics and Islamic teachings concerning life; this would show clearly that Islam has addressed the regulation of ethics in research more than 14 centuries ago.
N2 - Most of the currently accepted western basic principles of ethics in research are consistent with the instructions of Islam. This statement may come as a surprise to some western researchers. In this article, I will discuss why Islam rejects secularization and this is not because the ethical principles embedded in Islam's teachings are archaic and out of touch with current realities. In addition, I will point out the agreement between general broad principles of research ethics and Islamic teachings concerning life; this would show clearly that Islam has addressed the regulation of ethics in research more than 14 centuries ago. KW - Bioethical Issues KW - Biomedical Research KW - Ethics, Research KW - Humans KW - ISLAM SP - 292 EP - 296 SN - 1743-9159 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/17933692 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8536 T1 - Biomedical research ethics: an Islamic view, part II JF - International Journal of Surgery (London, England) JA - Int J Surg M3 - 10.1016/j.ijsu.2006.04.010 A1 - Afifi,Raafat Y VL - 5 IS - 6 PY - 2007/12// N1 -In part I of this article I discussed why Islam rejects secularization and this is not because the ethical principles embedded in Islam’s teachings are archaic and out of touch with current realities. In addition, I pointed out the agreement between general broad principles of research ethics and Islamic teachings concerning life; which showed clearly that Islam has addressed the regulation of ethics in research more than 14 centuries ago. In this part, I will address two controversial issues concerning women’s rights and age of consent for children as possible research subjects in a Muslim community.
N2 - In part I of this article I discussed why Islam rejects secularization and this is not because the ethical principles embedded in Islam's teachings are archaic and out of touch with current realities. In addition, I pointed out the agreement between general broad principles of research ethics and Islamic teachings concerning life; which showed clearly that Islam has addressed the regulation of ethics in research more than 14 centuries ago. In this part, I will address two controversial issues concerning women's rights and age of consent for children as possible research subjects in a Muslim community. KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Attitude KW - Bioethics KW - Child KW - Ethics, Research KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Informed Consent KW - ISLAM KW - Male KW - Parental Consent KW - Sex Factors KW - Third-Party Consent KW - Women's Rights SP - 381 EP - 383 SN - 1743-9159 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/18078683 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 8537 T1 - Caring for Muslim Patients CY - Oxford A1 - Sheikh,Aziz A1 - Gatrad,Abdul Rashid PB - Radcliffe PY - 2008/// N1 -Muslim patients customarily have particular ways of approaching health and healthcare. This book addresses common misunderstandings and bridges cultural gaps. It includes a profile of the Islamic worldview, taking an ‘insiders perspective’ and explores the concept of health and disease within this paradigm. Muslim practices and customs of direct relevance to health and healthcare are also explored and illustrated with case histories. This new edition is now broader in scope and has been thoroughly updated following recent world events. This book offers practical advice to enable all healthcare professionals in hospitals and in the community to provide care in a culturally appropriate manner.
KW - Cross-Cultural Comparison KW - Great Britain KW - Health KW - Health and hygiene KW - ISLAM KW - Medical care KW - MUSLIMS KW - Religion and Medicine KW - Religious aspects KW - Social life and customs KW - Transcultural Nursing SN - 9781857758122 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8538 T1 - Caring for patients of diverse religious traditions: Islam, a way of life for Muslims JF - Home Healthcare Nurse JA - Home Healthc Nurse M3 - 10.1097/01.NHH.0000277692.11916.f3 A1 - Miklancie,Margaret A VL - 25 IS - 6 PY - 2007/06// N1 -You have been a nurse for many years, yet you have never cared for a patient who practices Islam until now. You are assigned to a Muslim family for a home visit. What aspects about Muslim beliefs and way of life might be helpful to know before your visit?
N2 - You have been a nurse for many years, yet you have never cared for a patient who practices Islam until now. You are assigned to a Muslim family for a home visit. What aspects about Muslim beliefs and way of life might be helpful to know before your visit? KW - Arabs KW - Attitude to Death KW - Attitude to Health KW - Community Health Nursing KW - Cultural Diversity KW - Empathy KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Home Care Services KW - Humans KW - ISLAM KW - Nurse-Patient Relations KW - Social Values KW - Transcultural Nursing SP - 413 EP - 417 SN - 0884-741X UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/17556925 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8539 T1 - Caring for the Islamic patient JF - Association of periOperative Registered Nurses Journal JA - AORN J A1 - McKennis,A T VL - 69 IS - 6 PY - 1999/06// N1 -The delivery of culturally sensitive care by perioperative nurses is an essential element of patient advocacy. To provide culturally astute care, nurses must familiarize themselves with the world’s religious and ethnic groups. Islam is a worldwide religion and, like all religions, is practiced along a spectrum ranging from very conservative and traditional practices to the more liberal and contemporary ones. A person may accept some, all, or none, of the principles discussed in this manuscript. Additionally, the patient’s country of origin plays an integral role in the planning of culturally competent care.
N2 - The delivery of culturally sensitive care by perioperative nurses is an essential element of patient advocacy. To provide culturally astute care, nurses must familiarize themselves with the world's religious and ethnic groups. Islam is a worldwide religion and, like all religions, is practiced along a spectrum ranging from very conservative and traditional practices to the more liberal and contemporary ones. A person may accept some, all, or none, of the principles discussed in this manuscript. Additionally, the patient's country of origin plays an integral role in the planning of culturally competent care. KW - Adult KW - Attitude to Death KW - Attitude to Health KW - Female KW - Humans KW - ISLAM KW - Perioperative Nursing KW - Religion and Medicine KW - Transcultural Nursing KW - United States SP - 1187-1196; quiz 1199-1206 EP - 1187-1196; quiz 1199-1206 SN - 0001-2092 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/10376090 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8540 T1 - Contemporary medical ethics: an overview from Iran JF - Developing World Bioethics JA - Dev World Bioeth M3 - 10.1111/j.1471-8847.2006.00180.x A1 - Larijani,Bagher A1 - Zahedi,Farzaneh VL - 8 IS - 3 PY - 2008/12// N1 -The growing potential of biomedical technologies has increasingly been associated with discussions surrounding the ethical aspects of the new technologies in different societies. Advances in genetics, stem cell research and organ transplantation are some of the medical issues that have raised important ethical and social issues. Special attention has been paid towards moral ethics in Islam and medical and religious professions in Iran have voiced the requirement for an emphasis on ethics. In the last decade, great strides have been made in biomedical ethics, especially in the field of education, research and legislation. In this article, contemporary medical ethics in Iran, and the related moral philosophy, have been reviewed in brief and we have discussed some of the activities in the field of medical ethics that have been carried out in our country within recent years. These activities have included the establishment of the National and Regional Committees for Medical Research Ethics and the production of national codes of ethics in biomedical research in the 1990 s and the introduction of a comprehensive strategic plan for medical ethics at the national level in 2002. This paper will discuss these issues, along with the production, in 2005, of the Specific National Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research.
N2 - The growing potential of biomedical technologies has increasingly been associated with discussions surrounding the ethical aspects of the new technologies in different societies. Advances in genetics, stem cell research and organ transplantation are some of the medical issues that have raised important ethical and social issues. Special attention has been paid towards moral ethics in Islam and medical and religious professions in Iran have voiced the requirement for an emphasis on ethics. In the last decade, great strides have been made in biomedical ethics, especially in the field of education, research and legislation. In this article, contemporary medical ethics in Iran, and the related moral philosophy, have been reviewed in brief and we have discussed some of the activities in the field of medical ethics that have been carried out in our country within recent years. These activities have included the establishment of the National and Regional Committees for Medical Research Ethics and the production of national codes of ethics in biomedical research in the 1990 s and the introduction of a comprehensive strategic plan for medical ethics at the national level in 2002. This paper will discuss these issues, along with the production, in 2005, of the Specific National Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research. KW - Beneficence KW - Bioethical Issues KW - Codes of Ethics KW - Ethical Theory KW - Ethics, Medical KW - Hippocratic Oath KW - History, 20th Century KW - History, 21st Century KW - Humans KW - Iran KW - ISLAM KW - Moral Obligations KW - Morals KW - Personal Autonomy KW - Principle-Based Ethics KW - Social Justice SP - 192 EP - 196 SN - 1471-8847 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19046256 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8541 T1 - Counselling about genetic disease: an Islamic perspective JF - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal = La Revue De Santé De La Méditerranée Orientale = Al-Majallah Al-Ṣiḥḥīyah Li-Sharq Al-Mutawassiṭ JA - East. Mediterr. Health J A1 - Albar,M A VL - 5 IS - 6 PY - 1999/11// N1 -Genetic counselling is the process by which an individual or a family obtains information about a genetic condition that may affect them, so that they can take the appropriate decisions about marriage, reproduction and health management. Islamic teaching encourages counselling and stresses that the counsellor should be considerate, compassionate and should keep the secrets of the person or family involved. He/she should not impose his/her views on the clients. Some Arab countries encourage premarital medical examination to detect carriers of common hereditary diseases such as thalassaemia. However, this is still controversial, as it infringes the human rights of individuals. Reproductive options open to carriers of hereditary diseases are outlined in this paper, such as prenatal diagnosis, adoption, donation of a sperm, ova or preembryo and preimplantation diagnosis, and their acceptability within Islam is discussed.
N2 - Genetic counselling is the process by which an individual or a family obtains information about a genetic condition that may affect them, so that they can take the appropriate decisions about marriage, reproduction and health management. Islamic teaching encourages counselling and stresses that the counsellor should be considerate, compassionate and should keep the secrets of the person or family involved. He/she should not impose his/her views on the clients. Some Arab countries encourage premarital medical examination to detect carriers of common hereditary diseases such as thalassaemia. However, this is still controversial, as it infringes the human rights of individuals. Reproductive options open to carriers of hereditary diseases are outlined in this paper, such as prenatal diagnosis, adoption, donation of a sperm, ova or preembryo and preimplantation diagnosis, and their acceptability within Islam is discussed. KW - Attitude to Health KW - Confidentiality KW - Consanguinity KW - Genetic Counseling KW - Genetic Diseases, Inborn KW - Genetic Screening KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Human Rights KW - Humans KW - ISLAM KW - Marriage KW - Middle East KW - Patient Advocacy KW - Preimplantation Diagnosis KW - Premarital Examinations KW - Religion and Medicine KW - Religion and Psychology KW - Reproduction SP - 1129 EP - 1133 SN - 1020-3397 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/11924100 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8542 T1 - Culturally sensitive care of the Muslim patient JF - Journal of Transcultural Nursing: Official Journal of the Transcultural Nursing Society / Transcultural Nursing Society JA - J Transcult Nurs A1 - Lawrence,P A1 - Rozmus,C VL - 12 IS - 3 PY - 2001/07// N1 -The number of Muslims in the United States is growing. This article outlines a few of the major beliefs in Islam. Religious and philosophical factors that affect health care are discussed, and practical suggestions are made for nursing actions that lead to culture care preservation, culture care accommodation, and culture care restructuring. Major topics covered include the need for cleanliness, preparation for prayer, modesty, family structure, fasting and diet, and care of the dying.
N2 - The number of Muslims in the United States is growing. This article outlines a few of the major beliefs in Islam. Religious and philosophical factors that affect health care are discussed, and practical suggestions are made for nursing actions that lead to culture care preservation, culture care accommodation, and culture care restructuring. Major topics covered include the need for cleanliness, preparation for prayer, modesty, family structure, fasting and diet, and care of the dying. KW - Delivery of Health Care KW - Humans KW - ISLAM KW - religion SP - 228 EP - 233 SN - 1043-6596 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/11989038 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8543 T1 - East meets West: integrating psychotherapy approaches for Muslim women JF - Holistic Nursing Practice JA - Holist Nurs Pract A1 - Carter,David J A1 - Rashidi,Anahita VL - 18 IS - 3 PY - 2004/06//May-undefined N1 -Psychotherapists’ knowledge and understanding of Muslim women’s culture is essential for them to effectively treat patients. Muslim women’s culture is based on Islam, which permeates their thinking patterns, their interaction with themselves and others, and all activities of their daily lives. Western psychotherapy ineffectively treats Muslim women because its individualistic and fragmented method is contrary to the Muslim population’s holistic spiritual approach to life. This article provides a theoretical integration of Eastern and Western therapeutic concepts for Muslim women, to promote a more effective therapeutic approach for this population residing in the United States.
N2 - Psychotherapists' knowledge and understanding of Muslim women's culture is essential for them to effectively treat patients. Muslim women's culture is based on Islam, which permeates their thinking patterns, their interaction with themselves and others, and all activities of their daily lives. Western psychotherapy ineffectively treats Muslim women because its individualistic and fragmented method is contrary to the Muslim population's holistic spiritual approach to life. This article provides a theoretical integration of Eastern and Western therapeutic concepts for Muslim women, to promote a more effective therapeutic approach for this population residing in the United States. KW - Arabs KW - Attitude to Health KW - Cultural Characteristics KW - Emigration and Immigration KW - Female KW - Health Services Needs and Demand KW - Holistic Health KW - Humans KW - ISLAM KW - Middle East KW - Nursing Methodology Research KW - Psychotherapeutic Processes KW - United States KW - Women's Health KW - Women's Health Services SP - 152 EP - 159 SN - 0887-9311 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/15222603 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8544 T1 - Ethical guidelines in genetics and genomics. An Islamic perspective JF - Saudi Medical Journal JA - Saudi Med J A1 - Al-Aqeel,Aida I VL - 26 IS - 12 PY - 2005/12// N1 -We are at a time of unprecedented increase in knowledge of rapidly changing technology. Such biotechnology especially when it involves human subjects raises complex ethical, legal, social and religious issues. A World Health Organization expert consultation concluded that “genetics advances will only be acceptable if their application is carried out ethically, with due regard to autonomy, justice, education and the beliefs and resources of each nation and community.” Public health authorities are increasingly concerned by the high rate of births with genetic disorders especially in developing countries where Muslims are a majority. Therefore, it is imperative to scrutinize the available methods of prevention and management of genetic disorders. A minimum level of cultural awareness is a necessary prerequisite for the delivery of care that is culturally sensitive, especially in Islamic countries. Islam presents a complete moral, ethical, and medical framework, it is a religion which encompasses the secular with the spiritual, the mundane with the celestial and hence forms the basis of the ethical, moral and even juridical attitudes and laws towards any problem or situation. Islamic teachings carry a great deal of instructions for health promotion and disease prevention including hereditary and genetic disorders, therefore, we will discuss how these teachings play an important role in the diagnostic, management and preventive measures including: genomic research; population genetic screening pre-marital screening, pre-implantation genetic diagnosis; assisted reproduction technology; stem cell therapy; genetic counseling and others.
N2 - We are at a time of unprecedented increase in knowledge of rapidly changing technology. Such biotechnology especially when it involves human subjects raises complex ethical, legal, social and religious issues. A World Health Organization expert consultation concluded that "genetics advances will only be acceptable if their application is carried out ethically, with due regard to autonomy, justice, education and the beliefs and resources of each nation and community." Public health authorities are increasingly concerned by the high rate of births with genetic disorders especially in developing countries where Muslims are a majority. Therefore, it is imperative to scrutinize the available methods of prevention and management of genetic disorders. A minimum level of cultural awareness is a necessary prerequisite for the delivery of care that is culturally sensitive, especially in Islamic countries. Islam presents a complete moral, ethical, and medical framework, it is a religion which encompasses the secular with the spiritual, the mundane with the celestial and hence forms the basis of the ethical, moral and even juridical attitudes and laws towards any problem or situation. Islamic teachings carry a great deal of instructions for health promotion and disease prevention including hereditary and genetic disorders, therefore, we will discuss how these teachings play an important role in the diagnostic, management and preventive measures including: genomic research; population genetic screening pre-marital screening, pre-implantation genetic diagnosis; assisted reproduction technology; stem cell therapy; genetic counseling and others. KW - Female KW - Genetic Counseling KW - Genetic Diseases, Inborn KW - Genetics KW - Genome, Human KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Humans KW - ISLAM KW - Male KW - Middle East KW - Religion and Medicine SP - 1862 EP - 1870 SN - 0379-5284 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/16380763 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 8545 T1 - Islamic bioethics : problems and perspectives T3 - International library of ethics, law, and the new medicine CY - New York A1 - Atighetchi,Dariusch PB - Springer PY - 2007/// N1 -This book presents a critical analysis of the debate at the religious, legal and political level sparked off by the introduction of new biomedical technologies (cloning, genetics, organ transplants, IVF, etc.) in Muslim countries. It compares the positions of “classic” Muslim law and contemporary religious authorities; laws in Muslim countries; the attitudes and concrete behaviour of populations, families and individuals, as well as the regulations of medical associations, bioethics committees etc.. The result is a mosaic of positions which are often different (including from the point of view of ethics) but all in pursuit of legitimisation according to the Koran and the Shari’a. The work has an interdisciplinary approach, drawing on law, sociology, anthropology, politics and the history of science. For this reason it will be of interest to scholars and operators in a wide variety of disciplines and fields.
SN - 9781402049613 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8546 T1 - Islamic medical ethics in the 20th century JF - Journal of Medical Ethics JA - J Med Ethics A1 - Rispler-Chaim,V VL - 15 IS - 4 PY - 1989/12// N1 -While the practice of Western medicine is known today to doctors of all ethnic and religious groups, its standards are subject to the availability of resources. The medical ethics guiding each doctor is influenced by his/her religious or cultural background or affiliation, and that is where diversity exists. Much has been written about Jewish and Christian medical ethics. Islamic medical ethics has never been discussed as an independent field of ethics, although several selected topics, especially those concerning sexuality, birth control and abortions, have been more discussed than others. Islamic medical ethics in the 20th century will be characterised on the basis of Egyptian fatawa (legal opinions) issued by famous Muslim scholars and several doctors. Some of the issues discussed by Islamic medical ethics are universal: abortions, organ transplants, artificial insemination, cosmetic surgery, doctor-patient relations, etc. Other issues are typically Islamic, such as impediments to fasting in Ramadan, diseases and physical conditions that cause infringement of the state of purity, medicines containing alcohol, etc. Muslims’ attitudes to both types of ethical issues often prove that pragmatism prevails and the aim is to seek a compromise between Islamic heritage and the achievements of modern medicine, as long as basic Islamic dogma is not violated.
N2 - While the practice of Western medicine is known today to doctors of all ethnic and religious groups, its standards are subject to the availability of resources. The medical ethics guiding each doctor is influenced by his/her religious or cultural background or affiliation, and that is where diversity exists. Much has been written about Jewish and Christian medical ethics. Islamic medical ethics has never been discussed as an independent field of ethics, although several selected topics, especially those concerning sexuality, birth control and abortions, have been more discussed than others. Islamic medical ethics in the 20th century will be characterised on the basis of Egyptian fatawa (legal opinions) issued by famous Muslim scholars and several doctors. Some of the issues discussed by Islamic medical ethics are universal: abortions, organ transplants, artificial insemination, cosmetic surgery, doctor-patient relations, etc. Other issues are typically Islamic, such as impediments to fasting in Ramadan, diseases and physical conditions that cause infringement of the state of purity, medicines containing alcohol, etc. Muslims' attitudes to both types of ethical issues often prove that pragmatism prevails and the aim is to seek a compromise between Islamic heritage and the achievements of modern medicine, as long as basic Islamic dogma is not violated. KW - Bioethical Issues KW - Egypt KW - Ethics, Medical KW - Humans KW - ISLAM KW - Religion and Medicine KW - Social Justice KW - Theology KW - Tissue and Organ Procurement SP - 203 EP - 208 SN - 0306-6800 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/2614792 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8547 T1 - Islamic medical ethics: a primer JF - Bioethics JA - Bioethics M3 - 10.1111/j.1467-8519.2007.00540.x A1 - Padela,Aasim I VL - 21 IS - 3 PY - 2007/03// N1 -Modern medical practice is becoming increasingly pluralistic and diverse. Hence, cultural competency and awareness are given more focus in physician training seminars and within medical school curricula. A renewed interest in describing the varied ethical constructs of specific populations has taken place within medical literature. This paper aims to provide an overview of Islamic Medical Ethics. Beginning with a definition of Islamic Medical Ethics, the reader will be introduced to the scope of Islamic Medical Ethics literature, from that aimed at developing moral character to writings grounded in Islamic law. In the latter form, there is an attempt to derive an Islamic perspective on bioethical issues such as abortion, gender relations within the patient-doctor relationship, end-of-life care and euthanasia. It is hoped that the insights gained will aid both clinicians and ethicists to better understand the Islamic paradigm of medical ethics and thereby positively affect patient care.
N2 - Modern medical practice is becoming increasingly pluralistic and diverse. Hence, cultural competency and awareness are given more focus in physician training seminars and within medical school curricula. A renewed interest in describing the varied ethical constructs of specific populations has taken place within medical literature. This paper aims to provide an overview of Islamic Medical Ethics. Beginning with a definition of Islamic Medical Ethics, the reader will be introduced to the scope of Islamic Medical Ethics literature, from that aimed at developing moral character to writings grounded in Islamic law. In the latter form, there is an attempt to derive an Islamic perspective on bioethical issues such as abortion, gender relations within the patient-doctor relationship, end-of-life care and euthanasia. It is hoped that the insights gained will aid both clinicians and ethicists to better understand the Islamic paradigm of medical ethics and thereby positively affect patient care. KW - Ethics, Medical KW - Humans KW - ISLAM KW - Literature KW - Morals KW - Physician's Role SP - 169 EP - 178 SN - 0269-9702 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/17845488 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8548 T1 - Issues in Islamic biomedical ethics: a primer for the pediatrician JF - Pediatrics JA - Pediatrics A1 - Hedayat,K M A1 - Pirzadeh,R VL - 108 IS - 4 PY - 2001/10// N1 -The United States is becoming increasingly pluralistic. Pediatricians must become familiar with the factors that affect the emotional, physical, and spiritual health of their patients that are outside the kin of the traditionally dominant value system. Although many articles have addressed the cultural and ethnic factors, very few have considered the impact of religion. Islam, as the largest and fastest-growing religion in the world, has adherent throughout the world, including the United States, with 50% of US Muslims being indigenous converts. Islam presents a complete moral, ethical, and medical framework that, while it sometimes concurs, at times diverges or even conflicts with the US secular ethical framework. This article introduces the pediatrician to the Islamic principles of ethics within the field of pediatric care and child-rearing. It demonstrates how these principles may impact outpatient and inpatient care. Special attention is also given to adolescent and end-of-life issues.
N2 - The United States is becoming increasingly pluralistic. Pediatricians must become familiar with the factors that affect the emotional, physical, and spiritual health of their patients that are outside the kin of the traditionally dominant value system. Although many articles have addressed the cultural and ethnic factors, very few have considered the impact of religion. Islam, as the largest and fastest-growing religion in the world, has adherent throughout the world, including the United States, with 50% of US Muslims being indigenous converts. Islam presents a complete moral, ethical, and medical framework that, while it sometimes concurs, at times diverges or even conflicts with the US secular ethical framework. This article introduces the pediatrician to the Islamic principles of ethics within the field of pediatric care and child-rearing. It demonstrates how these principles may impact outpatient and inpatient care. Special attention is also given to adolescent and end-of-life issues. KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Attitude to Death KW - Bioethics KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Child Rearing KW - Cultural Characteristics KW - Female KW - Human Rights KW - Humans KW - ISLAM KW - Jurisprudence KW - Male KW - PARENTING KW - Religion and Medicine KW - United States SP - 965 EP - 971 SN - 1098-4275 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/11581452 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8549 T1 - Medical ethics and Islam: principles and practice JF - Archives of Disease in Childhood JA - Arch. Dis. Child A1 - Gatrad,A R A1 - Sheikh,A VL - 84 IS - 1 PY - 2001/01// N1 -A minimum level of cultural awareness is a necessary prerequisite for the delivery of care that is culturally sensitive. In this paper we simplify and highlight certain key teachings in Islamic medical ethics and explore their applications. We hope that the insights gained will aid clinicians to better understand their Muslim patients and deliver care that pays due respect to their beliefs.
N2 - A minimum level of cultural awareness is a necessary prerequisite for the delivery of care that is culturally sensitive. In this paper we simplify and highlight certain key teachings in Islamic medical ethics and explore their applications. We hope that the insights gained will aid clinicians to better understand their Muslim patients and deliver care that pays due respect to their beliefs. KW - Child KW - Cultural Characteristics KW - Delivery of Health Care KW - Ethics, Medical KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - ISLAM KW - Pediatrics KW - Physician-Patient Relations KW - Religion and Medicine SP - 72 EP - 75 SN - 1468-2044 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/11124793 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8550 T1 - Medical ethics and the Islamic tradition JF - The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy JA - J Med Philos A1 - Nanji,A A VL - 13 IS - 3 PY - 1988/08// N1 -After tracing the main features of the foundational ethical perspectives and their relationship to the rise of medical practice in early Islam, the paper focuses on the development of the moral concept of adab. This concept served as an important tool in defining and shaping an ethical tradition based on the integration of the Hippocratic tradition into Muslim medicine and its underlying moral values. The existence of plural therapeutic systems and their moral and theological sources are also noted and an attempt is made to show how all of these diverse modes co-existed through most of the pre-modern history of medicine among Muslims. The paper ends by outlining the impact the European colonial and cultural encounter with the World of Islam had, in creating a duality in medical practice, education and institutions, thus limiting sustained and meaningful discourse between modern medical science and the ethical values of Islam.
N2 - After tracing the main features of the foundational ethical perspectives and their relationship to the rise of medical practice in early Islam, the paper focuses on the development of the moral concept of adab. This concept served as an important tool in defining and shaping an ethical tradition based on the integration of the Hippocratic tradition into Muslim medicine and its underlying moral values. The existence of plural therapeutic systems and their moral and theological sources are also noted and an attempt is made to show how all of these diverse modes co-existed through most of the pre-modern history of medicine among Muslims. The paper ends by outlining the impact the European colonial and cultural encounter with the World of Islam had, in creating a duality in medical practice, education and institutions, thus limiting sustained and meaningful discourse between modern medical science and the ethical values of Islam. KW - Cultural Diversity KW - Ethics, Medical KW - History, Medieval KW - History, Modern 1601- KW - Internationality KW - ISLAM KW - Medicine, Arabic KW - Moral Obligations KW - Morals KW - Religion and Medicine KW - Social Values KW - Theology KW - Virtues SP - 257 EP - 275 SN - 0360-5310 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/3058851 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 8551 T1 - Muslim Medical Ethics: From Theory to Practice CY - Columbia, S.C ED - Brockopp,Jonathan E ED - Eich,Thomas PB - University of South Carolina Press PY - 2008/// N1 -Muslim Medical Ethics draws on the work of historians, health-care professionals, theologians, and social scientists to produce an interdisciplinary view of medical ethics in Muslim societies and of the impact of caring for Muslim patients in non-Muslim societies. Edited by Jonathan E. Brockopp and Thomas Eich, the volume challenges traditional presumptions of theory and practice to demonstrate the ways in which Muslims balance respect for their heritage with the health issues of a modern world. Like members of many other faiths, Muslims are deeply engaged by the technological challenges posed by modern biomedicine, and they respond to those challenges with enormous creativity--whether as patients, doctors, or religious scholars. Muslim Medical Ethics demonstrates that religiously based cultural norms often inform medical practice, and vice versa, in an ongoing discourse. The contributors map the breadth and boundaries of this discourse through discussions of contested issues on the cutting edge of ethical debates, from fertilized embryos in Saudi Arabia to patient autonomy in Toronto, from organ trafficking in Egypt to sterilization in Tanzania. As the authors illustrate, the effects of Muslim medical ethics have ramifications beyond the Muslim world. With growing populations of Muslims in North America and Europe, Western physicians and health-care workers should be educated on the special needs of this category of patients. In every essay the richness of the Islamic tradition is visible. In the premodern period Muslim physicians were considered among the best in the world, building and improving on Greek and Indian traditions. Muslim physicians today continue that tradition while incorporating scientific advances. Scholars of Islamic law work closely with physicians to develop ethical guidelines for national and international bodies, and individual Muslims take full advantage of advances in medicine and religious law, combining them with the wisdom of Sufism and traditions of family and community. This exploration of Muslim medical ethics is therefore a foray into the richness and sophistication of the Islamic tradition itself. Designed as an engaging point of entrance for students in religious studies, anthropology, ethics, and medical humanities, this pathbreaking volume also has utility for health-care professionals and policy makers.
KW - Bioethical Issues KW - Ethics, Medical KW - ISLAM KW - Islamic ethics KW - Medical ethics KW - Religion and Medicine KW - Religious aspects SN - 9781570037535 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8552 T1 - Psychiatry and Islam JF - Australasian Psychiatry: Bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists JA - Australas Psychiatry M3 - 10.1111/j.1440-1665.2004.02131.x A1 - Pridmore,Saxby A1 - Pasha,Mohamed Iqbal VL - 12 IS - 4 PY - 2004/12// N1 -Objective: To explore psychiatry in Islam, with a view to informing Western psychiatrists working with Islamic patients, and Islamic medical students studying in Western countries. Methods: The first necessary step was to acquire some understanding of Islam, Sharia and Sharia law, as the basis on which the available psychiatric literature was considered. Standard textbooks on Islam and English-language papers in the psychiatric literature were examined. Discussions with knowledgeable Muslim people were conducted. Results: Islam shares roots with the other Abrahamic, monotheistic religions: Judaism and Christianity. A central issues is unity: the unity of God, unity with God and unity within the Islamic community. Islam is more than a religion, because it informs all aspects of behaviour and has been described as ‘a comprehensive way of life’. Individualism is less important than the welfare of the community. The Sharia is a list of rules and regulations derived from authentic sources. Psychiatric services in Islam, according to Western standards, are somewhat limited. This issue is being addressed through epidemiological studies, provision of new services and policy development. Although mental health legislation is not universal, forensic psychiatry has a role, in many ways similar to that in the West. Conclusion: Islam is based on unity and core values of compassion, justice and benevolence. Islamic psychiatry has a proud early history, and advances are occurring. There is an opportunity for the profession of psychiatry to bridge religious, ethnic and cultural boundaries.
N2 - OBJECTIVE: To explore psychiatry in Islam, with a view to informing Western psychiatrists working with Islamic patients, and Islamic medical students studying in Western countries. METHODS: The first necessary step was to acquire some understanding of Islam, Sharia and Sharia law, as the basis on which the available psychiatric literature was considered. Standard textbooks on Islam and English-language papers in the psychiatric literature were examined. Discussions with knowledgeable Muslim people were conducted. RESULTS: Islam shares roots with the other Abrahamic, monotheistic religions: Judaism and Christianity. A central issues is unity: the unity of God, unity with God and unity within the Islamic community. Islam is more than a religion, because it informs all aspects of behaviour and has been described as 'a comprehensive way of life'. Individualism is less important than the welfare of the community. The Sharia is a list of rules and regulations derived from authentic sources. Psychiatric services in Islam, according to Western standards, are somewhat limited. This issue is being addressed through epidemiological studies, provision of new services and policy development. Although mental health legislation is not universal, forensic psychiatry has a role, in many ways similar to that in the West. CONCLUSION: Islam is based on unity and core values of compassion, justice and benevolence. Islamic psychiatry has a proud early history, and advances are occurring. There is an opportunity for the profession of psychiatry to bridge religious, ethnic and cultural boundaries. KW - Australia KW - Cross-Cultural Comparison KW - Cultural Characteristics KW - Forensic Psychiatry KW - Humans KW - ISLAM KW - Physician's Role KW - Psychiatry KW - Religion and Psychology KW - Social Values SP - 380 EP - 385 SN - 1039-8562 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/15715812 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8553 T1 - Social work and the house of Islam: orienting practitioners to the beliefs and values of Muslims in the United States JF - Social Work JA - Soc Work A1 - Hodge,David R VL - 50 IS - 2 PY - 2005/04// N1 -Despite the media attention focused on the Islamic community after the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, Muslims remain one of the most misunderstood populations in the United States. Few articles have appeared in the social work literature orienting practitioners to the Islamic community, and much of the mainstream media coverage misrepresents the population.This article reviews the basic beliefs, practices, and values that commonly characterize, or inform, the House of Islam in the United States. The organizations that embody and sustain the Muslim communities that constitute the House of Islam are profiled, and areas of possible value conflicts are examined.The article concludes by offering suggestions for integrating the article’s themes into practice settings. Particular attention is given to enhancing cultural competence and to suggestions for spiritual assessment and interventions.
N2 - Despite the media attention focused on the Islamic community after the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, Muslims remain one of the most misunderstood populations in the United States. Few articles have appeared in the social work literature orienting practitioners to the Islamic community, and much of the mainstream media coverage misrepresents the population.This article reviews the basic beliefs, practices, and values that commonly characterize, or inform, the House of Islam in the United States. The organizations that embody and sustain the Muslim communities that constitute the House of Islam are profiled, and areas of possible value conflicts are examined.The article concludes by offering suggestions for integrating the article's themes into practice settings. Particular attention is given to enhancing cultural competence and to suggestions for spiritual assessment and interventions. KW - Conflict (Psychology) KW - Cultural Characteristics KW - Cultural Diversity KW - Emigration and Immigration KW - Family Relations KW - Female KW - Humans KW - ISLAM KW - Male KW - Professional-Patient Relations KW - September 11 Terrorist Attacks KW - Social Values KW - Social Work KW - United States SP - 162 EP - 173 SN - 0037-8046 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/15853193 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8554 T1 - The perceived role of Islam in immigrant Muslim medical practice within the USA: an exploratory qualitative study JF - Journal of Medical Ethics JA - J Med Ethics M3 - 10.1136/jme.2007.021345 A1 - Padela,A I A1 - Shanawani,H A1 - Greenlaw,J A1 - Hamid,H A1 - Aktas,M A1 - Chin,N VL - 34 IS - 5 PY - 2008/05// N1 -Background: Islam and Muslims are underrepresented in the medical literature and the influence of physician’s cultural beliefs and religious values upon the clinical encounter has been understudied. Objective: To elicit the perceived influence of Islam upon the practice patterns of immigrant Muslim physicians in the USA. Design: Ten face-to-face, in-depth, semistructured interviews with Muslim physicians from various backgrounds and specialties trained outside the USA and practising within the the country. Data were analysed according to the conventions of qualitative research using a modified grounded-theory approach. Results: There were a variety of views on the role of Islam in medical practice. Several themes emerged from our interviews: (1) a trend to view Islam as enhancing virtuous professional behaviour; (2) the perception of Islam as influencing the scope of medical practice through setting boundaries on career choices, defining acceptable medical procedures and shaping social interactions with physician peers; (3) a perceived need for Islamic religious experts within Islamic medical ethical deliberation. Limitations: This is a pilot study intended to yield themes and hypotheses for further investigation and is not meant to fully characterise Muslim physicians at large. Conclusions: Immigrant Muslim physicians practising within the USA perceive Islam to play a variable role within their clinical practice, from influencing interpersonal relations and character development to affecting specialty choice and procedures performed. Areas of ethical challenges identified include catering to populations with lifestyles at odds with Islamic teachings, end-of-life care and maintaining a faith identity within the culture of medicine. Further study of the interplay between Islam and Muslim medical practice and the manner and degree to which Islamic values and law inform ethical decision-making is needed.
N2 - BACKGROUND: Islam and Muslims are underrepresented in the medical literature and the influence of physician's cultural beliefs and religious values upon the clinical encounter has been understudied. OBJECTIVE: To elicit the perceived influence of Islam upon the practice patterns of immigrant Muslim physicians in the USA. DESIGN: Ten face-to-face, in-depth, semistructured interviews with Muslim physicians from various backgrounds and specialties trained outside the USA and practising within the the country. Data were analysed according to the conventions of qualitative research using a modified grounded-theory approach. RESULTS: There were a variety of views on the role of Islam in medical practice. Several themes emerged from our interviews: (1) a trend to view Islam as enhancing virtuous professional behaviour; (2) the perception of Islam as influencing the scope of medical practice through setting boundaries on career choices, defining acceptable medical procedures and shaping social interactions with physician peers; (3) a perceived need for Islamic religious experts within Islamic medical ethical deliberation. Limitations: This is a pilot study intended to yield themes and hypotheses for further investigation and is not meant to fully characterise Muslim physicians at large. CONCLUSIONS: Immigrant Muslim physicians practising within the USA perceive Islam to play a variable role within their clinical practice, from influencing interpersonal relations and character development to affecting specialty choice and procedures performed. Areas of ethical challenges identified include catering to populations with lifestyles at odds with Islamic teachings, end-of-life care and maintaining a faith identity within the culture of medicine. Further study of the interplay between Islam and Muslim medical practice and the manner and degree to which Islamic values and law inform ethical decision-making is needed. KW - Adult KW - Cultural Characteristics KW - Emigrants and Immigrants KW - Female KW - Humans KW - ISLAM KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Physicians KW - Pilot Projects KW - Professional Practice KW - Qualitative Research KW - Religion and Medicine KW - United States SP - 365 EP - 369 SN - 1473-4257 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/18448718 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8555 T1 - Transplantation ethics from the Islamic point of view JF - Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research JA - Med. Sci. Monit A1 - Golmakani,Mohammad Mehdi A1 - Niknam,Mohammad Hussein A1 - Hedayat,Kamyar M VL - 11 IS - 4 PY - 2005/04// N1 -Organ transplantation has been transformed from an experimental procedure at Western academic centers to an increasingly common procedure in private and public hospitals throughout the world. Attendant with advancements in organ harvesting, preservation, and transplantation come moral issues. Islam is a holistic religion that takes into account social affairs of man as well as spiritual ones. Islam has a long history of ethics literature including the subgenre of medical ethics. Historical considerations are discussed as to why Muslim thinkers were late to consider contemporary medical issues such as organ donation. Islam respects life and values the needs of the living over the dead, thus allowing organ donation to be considered in certain circumstances. The sources of Islamic law are discussed in brief in order for non-Muslims to appreciate how the parameters of organ transplantation are derived. The Islamic viewpoint, both Shiite and Sunni, is examined in relation to organ donation and its various sources. The advantages and disadvantages of brain dead and cadaveric donation is reviewed with technical and ethical considerations. The Islamic concept of brain death, informed and proxy consent are also discussed. We discuss the concept of rewarded donation as a way to alleviate the current shortage of organs available for transplantation and consider secular and religious support for such a program. Suggestions are made for greater discussion and exchange of ideas between secular and religious thinkers in the Islamic world and between the Islamic world and secular Western countries.
N2 - Organ transplantation has been transformed from an experimental procedure at Western academic centers to an increasingly common procedure in private and public hospitals throughout the world. Attendant with advancements in organ harvesting, preservation, and transplantation come moral issues. Islam is a holistic religion that takes into account social affairs of man as well as spiritual ones. Islam has a long history of ethics literature including the subgenre of medical ethics. Historical considerations are discussed as to why Muslim thinkers were late to consider contemporary medical issues such as organ donation. Islam respects life and values the needs of the living over the dead, thus allowing organ donation to be considered in certain circumstances. The sources of Islamic law are discussed in brief in order for non-Muslims to appreciate how the parameters of organ transplantation are derived. The Islamic viewpoint, both Shiite and Sunni, is examined in relation to organ donation and its various sources. The advantages and disadvantages of brain dead and cadaveric donation is reviewed with technical and ethical considerations. The Islamic concept of brain death, informed and proxy consent are also discussed. We discuss the concept of rewarded donation as a way to alleviate the current shortage of organs available for transplantation and consider secular and religious support for such a program. Suggestions are made for greater discussion and exchange of ideas between secular and religious thinkers in the Islamic world and between the Islamic world and secular Western countries. KW - Adult KW - Brain Death KW - Ethics, Medical KW - Humans KW - Informed Consent KW - Iran KW - ISLAM KW - Living Donors KW - Organ Transplantation KW - Tissue and Organ Harvesting KW - Tissue Donors SP - RA105-109 EP - RA105-109 SN - 1234-1010 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/15795706 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 8556 T1 - Being Well T3 - Challenges in ethics series CY - Nashville A1 - Vaux,Kenneth L PB - Abingdon Press PY - 1997/// N1 -Ken Vaux examines the characteristics of the human quest for life and health. Being Well offers case studies around issues such as procreation and genetic medicine, making it ideal for informed conversation among adults gathered for reading and discussion.
KW - Christian ethics KW - Health KW - Religious aspects KW - Technology SN - 0687109434 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8557 T1 - Bioethics for clinicians: 22. Jewish bioethics JF - CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De l'Association Medicale Canadienne JA - CMAJ A1 - Goldsand,G A1 - Rosenberg,Z R A1 - Gordon,M VL - 164 IS - 2 PY - 2001/01/23/ N1 -Jewish bioethics in the contemporary era emerges from the traditional practice of applying principles of Jewish law (Halacha) to ethical dilemmas. The Bible (written law) and the Talmud (oral law) are the foundational texts on which such deliberations are based. Interpretation of passages in these texts attempts to identify the duties of physicians, patients and families faced with difficult health care decisions. Although Jewish law is an integral consideration of religiously observant Jews, secularized Jewish patients often welcome the wisdom of their tradition when considering treatment options. Jewish bioethics exemplifies how an ethical system based on duties may differ from the secular rights-based model prevalent in North American society.
N2 - Jewish bioethics in the contemporary era emerges from the traditional practice of applying principles of Jewish law (Halacha) to ethical dilemmas. The Bible (written law) and the Talmud (oral law) are the foundational texts on which such deliberations are based. Interpretation of passages in these texts attempts to identify the duties of physicians, patients and families faced with difficult health care decisions. Although Jewish law is an integral consideration of religiously observant Jews, secularized Jewish patients often welcome the wisdom of their tradition when considering treatment options. Jewish bioethics exemplifies how an ethical system based on duties may differ from the secular rights-based model prevalent in North American society. KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Bioethics KW - Euthanasia, Passive KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Judaism KW - Life Support Care KW - Religion and Medicine SP - 219 EP - 222 SN - 0820-3946 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/11332319 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8558 T1 - Bioethics for clinicians: 27. Catholic bioethics JF - CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De l'Association Medicale Canadienne JA - CMAJ A1 - Markwell,H J A1 - Brown,B F VL - 165 IS - 2 PY - 2001/07/24/ N1 -There is a long tradition of bioethical reasoning within the Roman Catholic faith, a tradition expressed in scripture, the writings of the Doctors of the Church, papal encyclical documents and reflections by contemporary Catholic theologians. Catholic bioethics is concerned with a broad range of issues, including social justice and the right to health care, the duty to preserve life and the limits of that duty, the ethics of human reproduction and end-of-life decisions. Fundamental to Catholic bioethics is a belief in the sanctity of life and a metaphysical conception of the person as a composite of body and soul. Although there is considerable consensus among Catholic thinkers, differences in philosophical approach have given rise to some diversity of opinion with respect to specific issues. Given the influential history of Catholic reflection on ethical matters, the number of people in Canada who profess to be Catholic, and the continuing presence of Catholic health care institutions, it is helpful for clinicians to be familiar with the central tenets of this tradition while respecting the differing perspectives of patients who identify themselves as Catholic.
N2 - There is a long tradition of bioethical reasoning within the Roman Catholic faith, a tradition expressed in scripture, the writings of the Doctors of the Church, papal encyclical documents and reflections by contemporary Catholic theologians. Catholic bioethics is concerned with a broad range of issues, including social justice and the right to health care, the duty to preserve life and the limits of that duty, the ethics of human reproduction and end-of-life decisions. Fundamental to Catholic bioethics is a belief in the sanctity of life and a metaphysical conception of the person as a composite of body and soul. Although there is considerable consensus among Catholic thinkers, differences in philosophical approach have given rise to some diversity of opinion with respect to specific issues. Given the influential history of Catholic reflection on ethical matters, the number of people in Canada who profess to be Catholic, and the continuing presence of Catholic health care institutions, it is helpful for clinicians to be familiar with the central tenets of this tradition while respecting the differing perspectives of patients who identify themselves as Catholic. KW - Adult KW - Bioethics KW - Canada KW - Catholicism KW - Clinical Medicine KW - Female KW - Humans SP - 189 EP - 192 SN - 0820-3946 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/11501460 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8559 T1 - Bioethics for clinicians: 28. Protestant bioethics JF - CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De l'Association Medicale Canadienne JA - CMAJ A1 - Pauls,Merril A1 - Hutchinson,Roger C VL - 166 IS - 3 PY - 2002/02/05/ N1 -“Protestant” is a term applied to many different Christian denominations, with a wide range of beliefs, who trace their common origin to the Reformation of the 16th century. Protestant ideas have profoundly influenced modern bioethics, and most Protestants would see mainstream bioethics as compatible with their personal beliefs. This makes it difficult to define a uniquely Protestant approach to bioethics. In this article we provide an overview of common Protestant beliefs and highlight concepts that have emerged from Protestant denominations that are particularly relevant to bioethics. These include the sovereignty of God, the value of autonomy and the idea of medicine as a calling as well as a profession. Most Canadian physicians will find that they share certain values and beliefs with the majority of their Protestant patients. Physicians should be particularly sensitive to their Protestant patients’ beliefs when dealing with end-of-life issues, concerns about consent and refusal of care, and beginning-of-life issues such as abortion, genetic testing and the use of assisted reproductive technologies. Physicians should also recognize that members of certain Protestant groups and denominations may have unique wishes concerning treatment. Understanding how to elicit these wishes and respond appropriately will allow physicians to enhance patient care and minimize conflict.
N2 - "Protestant" is a term applied to many different Christian denominations, with a wide range of beliefs, who trace their common origin to the Reformation of the 16th century. Protestant ideas have profoundly influenced modern bioethics, and most Protestants would see mainstream bioethics as compatible with their personal beliefs. This makes it difficult to define a uniquely Protestant approach to bioethics. In this article we provide an overview of common Protestant beliefs and highlight concepts that have emerged from Protestant denominations that are particularly relevant to bioethics. These include the sovereignty of God, the value of autonomy and the idea of medicine as a calling as well as a profession. Most Canadian physicians will find that they share certain values and beliefs with the majority of their Protestant patients. Physicians should be particularly sensitive to their Protestant patients' beliefs when dealing with end-of-life issues, concerns about consent and refusal of care, and beginning-of-life issues such as abortion, genetic testing and the use of assisted reproductive technologies. Physicians should also recognize that members of certain Protestant groups and denominations may have unique wishes concerning treatment. Understanding how to elicit these wishes and respond appropriately will allow physicians to enhance patient care and minimize conflict. KW - Bioethics KW - Christianity KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Humans KW - Physician-Patient Relations KW - Religion and Medicine SP - 339 EP - 343 SN - 0820-3946 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/11868645 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 8560 T1 - Biomedical Ethics in Perspective of Jewish Teaching and Tradition: Proceedings of an Academic Conference CY - Silver Spring, Md A2 - College of Jewish Studies of Greater Washington (D.C.) ED - Franck,Isaac ED - Bleich,J. David PB - College of Jewish Studies of GreaterWashington (D.C.) PY - 1982/// KW - Health KW - Jewish ethics KW - Medical ethics KW - Medicine KW - Religious aspects KW - sex ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8561 T1 - Cultural and spiritual meanings of childbirth. Orthodox Jewish and Mormon women JF - Journal of Holistic Nursing: Official Journal of the American Holistic Nurses' Association JA - J Holist Nurs A1 - Callister,L C A1 - Semenic,S A1 - Foster,J C VL - 17 IS - 3 PY - 1999/09// N1 -This descriptive, phenomenological study investigated the cultural and spiritual meanings of the childbirth experience from the personal perspectives of 30 Canadian Orthodox Jewish and 30 American Mormon women. Fewer Jewish women had childbirth education and attendance of their partners during childbirth than did Mormon women. Participants in the study, having codified belief systems, expressed the primary importance of bearing children in obedience to religious law. Birth was articulated as a bittersweet paradox, often accompanied by a sense of empowerment. Women described the importance of personal connectedness with others and with God, the importance of childbearing, and the spiritual and emotional dimensions of their childbirth experiences. Religious beliefs help women define the meaning of childbirth and may provide coping mechanisms for the intensity of giving birth. It is essential for holistic nurses to value and acknowledge the cultural and spiritual dimensions of the childbirth experience.
N2 - This descriptive, phenomenological study investigated the cultural and spiritual meanings of the childbirth experience from the personal perspectives of 30 Canadian Orthodox Jewish and 30 American Mormon women. Fewer Jewish women had childbirth education and attendance of their partners during childbirth than did Mormon women. Participants in the study, having codified belief systems, expressed the primary importance of bearing children in obedience to religious law. Birth was articulated as a bittersweet paradox, often accompanied by a sense of empowerment. Women described the importance of personal connectedness with others and with God, the importance of childbearing, and the spiritual and emotional dimensions of their childbirth experiences. Religious beliefs help women define the meaning of childbirth and may provide coping mechanisms for the intensity of giving birth. It is essential for holistic nurses to value and acknowledge the cultural and spiritual dimensions of the childbirth experience. KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Attitude to Health KW - Canada KW - Christianity KW - Cultural Characteristics KW - Female KW - Holistic Nursing KW - Humans KW - Jews KW - Labor, Obstetric KW - Middle Aged KW - Nursing Methodology Research KW - Pastoral Care KW - Pregnancy KW - Religion and Psychology KW - WOMEN SP - 280 EP - 295 SN - 0898-0101 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/10690070 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8562 T1 - Health and Spirituality as Contemporary Concerns JF - Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science A1 - McGuire,Meredith B. VL - 527 PY - 1993/05// N1 -One theme of particular importance in contemporary U. S. religion and quasi-religion is health and healing. Groups as diverse as Pentecostal Christians and New Age groups, women’s spirituality groups and New Thought churches are promoting non-medical approaches to health and healing. Indeed, to many contemporary Americans, health and healing appear to be salient metaphors for salvation and holiness. Religious and quasi-religious attention to health is adamantly holistic in the belief that spiritual, emotional, social, and physical aspects of well-being are fundamentally interconnected. To understand the significance of this widespread focus on health and healing, we need to look beyond the religious groups themselves and appreciate some twentieth-century structural and cultural changes in the meanings of the body, the self, and the nature of well-being.
N2 - One theme of particular importance in contemporary U. S. religion and quasi-religion is health and healing. Groups as diverse as Pentecostal Christians and New Age groups, women's spirituality groups and New Thought churches are promoting non-medical approaches to health and healing. Indeed, to many contemporary Americans, health and healing appear to be salient metaphors for salvation and holiness. Religious and quasi-religious attention to health is adamantly holistic in the belief that spiritual, emotional, social, and physical aspects of well-being are fundamentally interconnected. To understand the significance of this widespread focus on health and healing, we need to look beyond the religious groups themselves and appreciate some twentieth-century structural and cultural changes in the meanings of the body, the self, and the nature of well-being. SP - 144 EP - 154 SN - 00027162 UR - http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/1048682 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 8563 T1 - Matters of Life and Death: A Jewish Approach to Modern Medical Ethics CY - Philadelphia A1 - Dorff,Elliot N PB - Jewish Publication Society PY - 1998/// KW - Health KW - Jewish ethics KW - Medical ethics KW - Medical laws and legislation (Jewish law) KW - Medicine KW - Religious aspects SN - 0827606478 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8564 T1 - Mesmer minus magic: hypnosis and modern medicine JF - The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis JA - Int J Clin Exp Hypn A1 - Spiegel,David VL - 50 IS - 4 PY - 2002/10// N1 -The implications and effects of the French commission that passed judgment on Mesmer’s work is examined in light of the pioneering role of hypnosis as the first Western conception of a psychotherapy, the ancient philosophical debate between idealism and empiricism, and the conflict in modern medicine between biotechnological emphasis on cure and the need for care as many previously terminal illnesses are converted to chronic diseases. The panel’s report is interpreted as negative about the literal theory of animal magnetism but actually supportive of the potential therapeutic power of suggestion and “positive thinking.” This aspect of hypnosis is described as a forerunner of modern cognitive therapies of depression and other illnesses. The panel exerted a constructive effect in applying scientific method and rigorous evaluation to hypnotic treatment, an application of Enlightenment philosophy that presaged the Flexner era in modern medicine. Both hypnosis and medicine ultimately benefited.
N2 - The implications and effects of the French commission that passed judgment on Mesmer's work is examined in light of the pioneering role of hypnosis as the first Western conception of a psychotherapy, the ancient philosophical debate between idealism and empiricism, and the conflict in modern medicine between biotechnological emphasis on cure and the need for care as many previously terminal illnesses are converted to chronic diseases. The panel's report is interpreted as negative about the literal theory of animal magnetism but actually supportive of the potential therapeutic power of suggestion and "positive thinking." This aspect of hypnosis is described as a forerunner of modern cognitive therapies of depression and other illnesses. The panel exerted a constructive effect in applying scientific method and rigorous evaluation to hypnotic treatment, an application of Enlightenment philosophy that presaged the Flexner era in modern medicine. Both hypnosis and medicine ultimately benefited. KW - France KW - History, 18th Century KW - History, 19th Century KW - History, 20th Century KW - Humans KW - Hypnosis KW - Magic KW - Philosophy, Medical KW - Psychotherapy SP - 397 EP - 406 SN - 0020-7144 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/12362955 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8565 T1 - Moving Lines and Variable Criteria: Differences/Connections between Allpathic and Alternative Medicine JF - Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science A1 - Frohock,Fred M. VL - 583 PY - 2002/09// N1 -The standard narratives of medicine recognize its origins in natural cures and in religious or spiritual discourses. The uneasy relationships of such practices (now designated as complementary or alternative medicine [CAM]) to conventional health care today can be tracked to the formation of medicine as a distinct profession based on modern science. The author accepts four statements as a framework for exploring CAM in the context of modern medicine. The first is that all versions of unconventional medicine depend for their identity on the existence of conventional medicine. The second is that the distinctions between alternative and conventional medicine are variables of time, place, and the attitudes of health care practitioners. Third, CAM today in the West occupies no sharp and distinctive category. There are instead continuums of various slopes and lengths on which types of complementary and alternative medicine are arrayed. Fourth, the turn to CAM may represent a chronic (and, to some, welcome) inclination of the human intellect to delimit the energies of material inquiries with metaphysical baselines and options.
N2 - The standard narratives of medicine recognize its origins in natural cures and in religious or spiritual discourses. The uneasy relationships of such practices (now designated as complementary or alternative medicine [CAM]) to conventional health care today can be tracked to the formation of medicine as a distinct profession based on modern science. The author accepts four statements as a framework for exploring CAM in the context of modern medicine. The first is that all versions of unconventional medicine depend for their identity on the existence of conventional medicine. The second is that the distinctions between alternative and conventional medicine are variables of time, place, and the attitudes of health care practitioners. Third, CAM today in the West occupies no sharp and distinctive category. There are instead continuums of various slopes and lengths on which types of complementary and alternative medicine are arrayed. Fourth, the turn to CAM may represent a chronic (and, to some, welcome) inclination of the human intellect to delimit the energies of material inquiries with metaphysical baselines and options. SP - 214 EP - 232 SN - 00027162 UR - http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/1049698 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 8566 T1 - Reclaiming the Body: Christians and the Faithful Use of Modern Medicine CY - Grand Rapids, Mich A1 - Shuman,Joel James A1 - Volck,Brian PB - Brazos Press PY - 2006/// N1 -We live in an age of incredible medical technology, and with it, a great emphasis on health and well-being. We fully entrust the care of our bodies to the medical profession, often taking its solutions and judgments as gospel. But what role, if any, should our Christian faith play in all this? In Reclaiming the Body, a physician and a theologian take a critical look at some of the assumptions we draw from the medical profession and explore what theology has to say about medicine, our bodies, our health, and the Body of Christ. The authors deal with such issues as suffering, caring for the sick, children and reproductive technologies, medicine and the poor, our obsession with physical perfection, and death and dying.
KW - Attitude to Health KW - Christianity KW - Ethics KW - Health KW - Medical ethics KW - Medicine KW - Religion and Medicine KW - Religious aspects SN - 1587431270 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 8567 T1 - The Body of Compassion: Ethics, Medicine, and the Church T3 - Radical traditions CY - Boulder, Colo A1 - Shuman,Joel James PB - Westview Press PY - 1999/// KW - Bioethics KW - Christian ethics KW - Christianity KW - Ethics, Medical KW - Health KW - Human body KW - Medical ethics KW - Religion and Medicine KW - Religious aspects SN - 0813367042 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8568 T1 - A systematic review of religion and spirituality in three palliative care journals, 1990-1999 JF - Journal of Palliative Care JA - J Palliat Care A1 - Flannelly,Kevin J A1 - Weaver,Andrew J A1 - Costa,Karen G VL - 20 IS - 1 PY - 2004/// KW - Attitude to Death KW - Holistic Health KW - Humans KW - Palliative Care KW - Pastoral Care KW - Periodicals as Topic KW - Publishing KW - Qualitative Research KW - religion KW - Religion and Medicine KW - Religion and Psychology KW - Research Design KW - spirituality SP - 50 EP - 56 SN - 0825-8597 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15132077 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8569 T1 - An analysis of research on religious and spiritual variables in three major mental health nursing journals, 1991-1995 JF - Issues in Mental Health Nursing JA - Issues Ment Health Nurs A1 - Weaver,A J A1 - Flannelly,L T A1 - Flannelly,K J A1 - Koenig,H G A1 - Larson,D B VL - 19 IS - 3 PY - 1998/06//May-undefined N1 -A review of quantitative research studies published between 1991 and 1995 in 3 major mental health nursing journals revealed that approximately 10% (31 of 311) included a measure of religion or spirituality. This percentage (10%) is 3 to 8 times higher than that found in previous reviews of empirical research in psychological and psychiatric journals, suggesting that mental health nursing research is more sensitive to the role of religious-spiritual factors on mental health than research in related disciplines.
N2 - A review of quantitative research studies published between 1991 and 1995 in 3 major mental health nursing journals revealed that approximately 10% (31 of 311) included a measure of religion or spirituality. This percentage (10%) is 3 to 8 times higher than that found in previous reviews of empirical research in psychological and psychiatric journals, suggesting that mental health nursing research is more sensitive to the role of religious-spiritual factors on mental health than research in related disciplines. The results are discussed in the context of the history and philosophy of nursing and in comparison to related disciplines. Methodological aspects of the research, especially the importance of multiple measures, are discussed, as are other salient findings. KW - Humans KW - Nursing Research KW - Pastoral Care KW - Periodicals as Topic KW - Philosophy, Nursing KW - Psychiatric Nursing KW - religion SP - 263 EP - 276 SN - 0161-2840 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9661377 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8570 T1 - Culture, spirituality, and women's health JF - Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing: JOGNN / NAACOG JA - J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs A1 - Miller,M A VL - 24 IS - 3 PY - 1995/04//Mar-undefined N1 -A review of the literature on culture, health/women’s health, and spirituality/religion reveals that the purported relationships among these variables may be tenuous. Nevertheless, there is a need for health care professionals to be aware of existing cultural/religious beliefs that may affect women’s health behavior if provision of holistic health care is a goal. Implications for practice and research can be drawn from the existing evidence in the literature.
N2 - A review of the literature on culture, health/women's health, and spirituality/religion reveals that the purported relationships among these variables may be tenuous. Nevertheless, there is a need for health care professionals to be aware of existing cultural/religious beliefs that may affect women's health behavior if provision of holistic health care is a goal. Implications for practice and research can be drawn from the existing evidence in the literature. KW - Cultural Characteristics KW - Female KW - Health Behavior KW - Holistic Health KW - Humans KW - religion KW - Transcultural Nursing KW - Women's Health KW - Women's Rights SP - 257 EP - 263 SN - 0884-2175 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7782959 ER - TY - BOOK ID - 8571 T1 - Healing Traditions: Alternative Medicine and the Health Professions T3 - Studies in health, illness, and caregiving CY - Philadelphia A1 - O'Connor,Bonnie Blair PB - University of Pennsylvania Press PY - 1995/// KW - AIDS (Disease) KW - Alternative medicine KW - Alternative treatment KW - Health Services Research KW - Hmong Americans KW - Medicine KW - United States SN - 0812231848 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8572 T1 - How can the 'materialist' nurse provide spiritual support? JF - International Journal of Palliative Nursing JA - Int J Palliat Nurs A1 - Aubin,Henri-Jean VL - 15 IS - 7 PY - 2009/07// KW - Attitude of Health Personnel KW - Humans KW - Nurse's Role KW - Palliative Care KW - Philosophy, Nursing KW - Secularism KW - spirituality SP - 318; author reply 318 EP - 318; author reply 318 SN - 1357-6321 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19648845 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8573 T1 - Identity and resistance: why spiritual care needs 'enemies' JF - Journal of Clinical Nursing JA - J Clin Nurs M3 - 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01651.x A1 - Swinton,John VL - 15 IS - 7 PY - 2006/07// N1 -This paper explores certain key critiques of spirituality-in-nursing as they have been offered by people outside of the discipline. It argues that nurses have not taken seriously enough the recent criticism of the nature and role of spirituality in nursing. Not to listen to the ‘enemies’ of spirituality-in-nursing is to risk stagnation and a drift into obscurity.
N2 - AIMS: This paper explores certain key critiques of spirituality-in-nursing as they have been offered by people outside of the discipline. It argues that nurses have not taken seriously enough the recent criticism of the nature and role of spirituality in nursing. Not to listen to the 'enemies' of spirituality-in-nursing is to risk stagnation and a drift into obscurity. BACKGROUND: The area of spirituality has become a growing field of interest for nurses and has produced a burgeoning body of research literature. Yet, whilst much has been written about the positive aspects of spirituality, nurses have offered almost no critique of the ways in which spirituality and spiritual care are understood, despite the fact that there are clearly certain key issues that require robust critique and thoughtful reflection. Almost all of the major criticisms of spirituality-in-nursing have come from people outside of the discipline of nursing. The paper argues that nurses need to listen carefully to the criticisms of spirituality and spiritual care offered by the 'enemies' of spiritual care in nursing. When listened to constructively, they highlight issues that are vital for the development and forward movement of this important area of nursing practice. METHODS: Literature review and critical reflection on current critiques of spirituality in nursing practice. CONCLUSIONS: The paper concludes that nurses need to begin to develop spirituality as a specific field of enquiry with its own bodies of knowledge, methodologies, assumptions and core disciplines. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: In listening to and taking seriously its 'enemies', nursing has the opportunity to establish spirituality as an important, creative and vibrant aspect of nursing practice that has the capacity to grow and respond constructively to its 'enemies', in ways that make whole-person-care a real possibility. KW - Attitude of Health Personnel KW - Education, Nursing KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Health Services Needs and Demand KW - Humans KW - Interdisciplinary Communication KW - Knowledge KW - Models, Educational KW - Models, Nursing KW - Nurses KW - Nurse's Role KW - Nursing Research KW - Patient Care Team KW - Philosophy, Nursing KW - Professional Autonomy KW - religion KW - Self Concept KW - Social Identification KW - spirituality SP - 918 EP - 928 SN - 0962-1067 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16879384 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8574 T1 - Integration of spirituality into health care practice by nurse practitioners JF - Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners JA - J Am Acad Nurse Pract A1 - Treloar,L L VL - 12 IS - 7 PY - 2000/07// N1 -Western medicine’s mechanistic model, with its “fix-broken-parts” paradigm, focuses on the physical body, with occasional consideration given to emotional and mental aspects. One’s view of self in relation to a Supreme Being, and one’s existence and purpose for life is central to health at all levels, e.g., spiritual, physical, emotional, and cognitive. The purpose of this article is to describe the role that nurse practitioners can and should take with patients and their families in integrating spirituality into health care practice.
N2 - Although conceptualizations of mind, body, and spirit are ancient, spiritual aspects have not been readily integrated into health care. Western medicine's mechanistic model, with its "fix-broken-parts" paradigm, focuses on the physical body, with occasional consideration given to emotional and mental aspects. One's view of self in relation to a Supreme Being, and one's existence and purpose for life is central to health at all levels, e.g., spiritual, physical, emotional, and cognitive. The purpose of this article is to describe the role that nurse practitioners can and should take with patients and their families in integrating spirituality into health care practice. KW - Attitude KW - Cognition KW - Emotions KW - Health Policy KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Leadership KW - Nurse Practitioners KW - Nursing Care KW - Patient Advocacy KW - Psychophysiology KW - Religion and Medicine SP - 280 EP - 285 SN - 1041-2972 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11930467 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8575 T1 - Mystical experience in the context of health care JF - Journal of Holistic Nursing: Official Journal of the American Holistic Nurses' Association JA - J Holist Nurs M3 - 10.1177/0898010107310617 A1 - Witte,Alison S A1 - van der Wal,Dirk M A1 - Steyn,H Chrissie VL - 26 IS - 2 PY - 2008/06// N1 -Eighteen participants in a rural Appalachian community were interviewed to learn about their mystical experiences in the context of health care. Semistructured interviews addressed factors initiating mystical experience and essential qualities of mystical experience. Nursing process and the nurse’s response were examined.
N2 - Eighteen participants in a rural Appalachian community were interviewed to learn about their mystical experiences in the context of health care. Semistructured interviews addressed factors initiating mystical experience and essential qualities of mystical experience. Nursing process and the nurse's response were examined. Data were analyzed using the immersion/crystallization method and concept mapping. Mystical experience was conceptualized as a process incorporating initiation, occurrence, maturation, and integration of mystical experience. Essential qualities included sensory-motor perception, interaction with the supernatural, interaction with family members, conviction of reality, cognition, dynamic tension and emotional intensity. Nursing interventions included listening and support. Subjective nursing responses included tension, intimacy and empathy, sense of awe, autonomic responses, and appreciation of the mystical in everyday life. Various stressors are associated with mystical experience. Patients having mystical experiences may benefit from nursing support. KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Anecdotes as Topic KW - Appalachian Region KW - Attitude to Health KW - Female KW - Holistic Nursing KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Mysticism KW - Nurse-Patient Relations KW - Patient Acceptance of Health Care KW - Questionnaires KW - Religion and Medicine KW - Self Care KW - spirituality SP - 84 EP - 92 SN - 0898-0101 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18539874 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8576 T1 - Nursing and spirituality: what happened to religion? JF - Journal of Christian Nursing: A Quarterly Publication of Nurses Christian Fellowship JA - J Christ Nurs A1 - Smith,Amy Rex VL - 26 IS - 4 PY - 2009/12//Oct-undefined SP - 216 EP - 222 SN - 0743-2550 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19824578 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8577 T1 - Nursing: a spiritual perspective JF - Nursing Ethics JA - Nurs Ethics A1 - Long,A VL - 4 IS - 6 PY - 1997/11// N1 -This article explores and examines the fundamental need for nurses to include the promotion of the spiritual dimension of the health of human beings as well as the physical, mental and social facets if they truly wish to engage in holistic care. Nurses are the essential providers of care and, therefore, the paper argues, guardians of that essential humanity that ensures that patients never become less than full human beings, whatever their condition, faith, culture or belief, or whoever they may be. The author contends that this responsibility is uniquely essential to being a nurse.
N2 - This article explores and examines the fundamental need for nurses to include the promotion of the spiritual dimension of the health of human beings as well as the physical, mental and social facets if they truly wish to engage in holistic care. The author attempts to define the phenomenon of spirituality, aware of the dilemma that many individuals face when thinking and reflecting on this very personal and intangible issue. To be spiritual is to become fully human, the article argues, and the reverse is also true. Spirituality in health is inextricable in each person's search for the discovery of the truth about self and the meaning and purpose of life. Healthy communities are the product of healthy individuals who sow spiritual seeds such as unconditional positive regard, acceptance, respect and dignity for the benefit and advancement of individuals and humankind as a whole. The global nature of the phenomenon of spirituality is also shown by using examples of people who demonstrate compassion and communion with other human beings, in other countries in times of suffering, war and disaster. Compassion and empathy is expressed and experienced for victims of earthquakes that happen miles from home and far removed from personal or religious beliefs. Yet at such times we are all connected in the tapestry of life by our own human spirituality and earthiness. Abstract themes like compassion and justice are treated in the text within the context of spirituality. The author argues that being just and fair means that all patients have the right to achieve spiritual healing regardless of their belief systems, culture or creed. The works of some spiritual philosophers are used to reflect on this integral aspect of human caregiving. Historical symbols of spirituality are examined. The need for nurses to explore and reflect on the paradoxical concepts involved in their own spirituality is highlighted. Nurses are the essential providers of care and, therefore, the paper argues, guardians of that essential humanity that ensures that patients never become less than full human beings, whatever their condition, faith, culture or belief, or whoever they may be. The author contends that this responsibility is uniquely essential to being a nurse. KW - Attitude of Health Personnel KW - Empathy KW - Ethics, Nursing KW - Health promotion KW - Holistic Nursing KW - Humanism KW - Humans KW - Nurses KW - Pastoral Care KW - religion KW - Social Justice SP - 496 EP - 510 SN - 0969-7330 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9416108 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8578 T1 - On the absence of spirituality in nursing theories and models JF - Journal of Advanced Nursing JA - J Adv Nurs A1 - Oldnall,A S VL - 21 IS - 3 PY - 1995/03// KW - Holistic Health KW - Models, Nursing KW - Nursing Care KW - Nursing Theory KW - Research SP - 417 EP - 418 SN - 0309-2402 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7745192 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8579 T1 - Patients' conceptions of how the spiritual dimension is addressed in mental health care: a qualitative study JF - Journal of Advanced Nursing JA - J Adv Nurs M3 - 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.04190.x A1 - Koslander,Tiburtius A1 - Arvidsson,Barbro VL - 57 IS - 6 PY - 2007/03// N1 -This paper reports a study to describe patients’ conceptions of how the spiritual dimension is addressed in mental health care. Nurses should work actively to seek new knowledge about how they can address patients’ spiritual needs. It is also important that there be scope for discussing and reflecting on spiritual questions at the workplace.
N2 - AIM: This paper reports a study to describe patients' conceptions of how the spiritual dimension is addressed in mental health care. BACKGROUND: Spirituality is a broad concept, and is highly subjective, multidimensional and difficult to define. Spirituality and religiousness are two separate concepts but have several common features. In mental health care, it is essential that nursing care be built on a holistic view, and the spiritual dimension has an important function in nursing care. The notion of spirituality is full of nuances, and in a multi-cultural society patients express their spirituality in different ways. METHOD: Data were collected by interviewing 12 strategically selected patients in mental health care and analysed according to a qualitative method inspired by the phenomenographic approach. The data were collected in 2003 in Sweden. FINDINGS: Three descriptive categories emerged: patients wish to have their spiritual needs addressed; patients must see to it that their spiritual needs are addressed; patients lack confidence in nurses with regard to discussing spirituality. The findings show that patients actively sought the assistance of nurses to meet their spiritual needs. They turned their thoughts inwards and found community with other patients, while nurses often avoided addressing the spiritual dimension. CONCLUSION: Nurses should work actively to seek new knowledge about how they can address patients' spiritual needs. It is also important that there be scope for discussing and reflecting on spiritual questions at the workplace. Additional research is needed to explore how knowledge about spirituality should be implemented in mental health care and nursing education. KW - Adult KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Mental Disorders KW - Middle Aged KW - Nurse-Patient Relations KW - Patient Satisfaction KW - spirituality KW - Sweden SP - 597 EP - 604 SN - 0309-2402 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17346318 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8580 T1 - Spiritual care in nursing: an overview of the research to date JF - Journal of Clinical Nursing JA - J Clin Nurs M3 - 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01617.x A1 - Ross,Linda VL - 15 IS - 7 PY - 2006/07// N1 -The paper gives an overview of nursing research papers published on spiritual care between 1983 and October 2005. It also provides pointers for the future direction of research in this emerging field.
N2 - AIMS: The paper gives an overview of nursing research papers published on spiritual care between 1983 and October 2005. It also provides pointers for the future direction of research in this emerging field. BACKGROUND: Spiritual care of patients/clients is expected of nurses and is reflected in nursing codes of ethics, nurse education guidelines, policy documents and nursing guidance. Recent years have seen a proliferation in nursing research in this area, particularly in the UK and North America, and now in other European countries. It seemed timely, therefore, to review this published research. METHOD: Included in the review were 47 original published nursing research papers identified from a CINAHL search and from a collection held by the author since 1983. Papers were sorted into five categories, a template to aid reviewing was produced and a short summary and critique of each paper was written. CONCLUSIONS: Research on spirituality and health needs to move forward in a systematic and co-ordinated way. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Hopefully, the research summarized in this paper will be useful to clinicians and nurse educators as they strive to incorporate spiritual care within their practice. In turn patients/clients and their families should benefit from care which is more holistic and addresses their deepest concerns and needs. KW - Attitude of Health Personnel KW - Attitude to Health KW - Codes of Ethics KW - Forecasting KW - Health Services Needs and Demand KW - Humans KW - Nurses KW - Nurse's Role KW - Nursing Assessment KW - Nursing Care KW - Nursing Research KW - Philosophy, Nursing KW - Practice Guidelines as Topic KW - Research Design KW - spirituality SP - 852 EP - 862 SN - 0962-1067 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16879378 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8581 T1 - Spiritual coping strategies: a review of the nursing research literature JF - Journal of Advanced Nursing JA - J Adv Nurs A1 - Baldacchino,D A1 - Draper,P VL - 34 IS - 6 PY - 2001/06// N1 -This paper reviews some of the limited nursing research-based literature, orientated towards the use of spiritual coping strategies in illness. This review aims at identifying those spiritual coping strategies used by the believers and nonbelievers followed by implications for holistic nursing care. This review suggests that the onset of illness may render the individual, being a believer or nonbeliever to realize the lack of control over his/her life. However, the use of spiritual coping strategies may enhance self-empowerment, leading to finding meaning and purpose in illness.
N2 - AIMS OF THE PAPER: This paper reviews some of the limited nursing research-based literature, orientated towards the use of spiritual coping strategies in illness. This review aims at identifying those spiritual coping strategies used by the believers and nonbelievers followed by implications for holistic nursing care. LITERATURE SEARCH: The CINAHL and MEDLINE CD Rom databases were searched, identifying literature published from 1975 onwards which amounted to 187 articles. The majority of the literature traced were found anecdotal with only few studies investigating directly spiritual coping strategies. Following scrutiny of the available articles, only five research studies explored directly the spiritual coping strategies used in various illness, four of which were conducted in USA and one in UK. Because of the small scale research studies, generalization of the findings of this review is limited to the samples used. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND: Research suggests that spiritual coping strategies, involving relationship with self, others, Ultimate other/God or nature were found to help individuals to cope with their ailments. This may be because of finding meaning, purpose and hope, which may nurture individuals in their suffering. Spirituality is oftenly referred by literature as being synonymous with religiosity. Thus the use of spiritual coping strategies is restricted to individuals who hold religious beliefs. However, the definition of spirituality indicates that this concept is broader than religiosity. The theories on stress-coping (Folkman & Lazarus 1984) and the numinous experience (Otto 1950) outline the rationale for the use of these strategies which are applicable to both the believers and nonbelievers. IMPLICATIONS: This review suggests that the onset of illness may render the individual, being a believer or nonbeliever to realize the lack of control over his/her life. However the use of spiritual coping strategies may enhance self-empowerment, leading to finding meaning and purpose in illness. This implies that holistic care incorporates facilitation of various spiritual coping strategies to safeguard the wholeness and integrity of the patients. KW - Adaptation, Psychological KW - Disease KW - Holistic Nursing KW - Humans KW - Religion and Medicine SP - 833 EP - 841 SN - 0309-2402 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11422554 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8582 T1 - Spiritual crisis: a concept analysis JF - Journal of Advanced Nursing JA - J Adv Nurs M3 - 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04869.x A1 - Agrimson,Laurie B A1 - Taft,Lois B VL - 65 IS - 2 PY - 2009/02// N1 -This paper is a report of an analysis of the concept of spiritual crisis. People with terminal illness, depression, and those who are grieving losses may be at special risk of spiritual crisis. The literature suggests an interdisciplinary approach, nurses’ self-exploration of spirituality, and refraining from defining spirituality by religious affiliation as part of improving practice.
N2 - AIM: This paper is a report of an analysis of the concept of spiritual crisis. BACKGROUND: The term spiritual crisis has been used ambiguously in the literature, resulting in lack of clarity. A holistic approach includes spirituality in nursing care of the whole person. DATA SOURCES: Papers available online between 1998 and 2007 in the CINAHL, Medline and PsycInfo databases were retrieved for analysis. The search engine Google was also used to examine additional references to 'spiritual crisis'. REVIEW METHODS: Spiritual crisis, spiritual emergency and life crisis were the terms initially used to search each database. The search was expanded to include spirituality to draw more literature into the review. FINDINGS: Using Walker and Avant's method of concept analysis, a definition of spiritual crisis was identified. Spiritual crisis can be described as a unique form of grieving or loss, marked by a profound questioning of or lack of meaning in life, in which an individual or community reaches a turning point, leading to a significant alteration in the way life is viewed. Possible antecedents include sudden acute illness and loss of important relationships. Potential consequences may include physical and emotional responses. CONCLUSION: People with terminal illness, depression, and those who are grieving losses may be at special risk of spiritual crisis. The literature suggests an interdisciplinary approach, nurses' self-exploration of spirituality, and refraining from defining spirituality by religious affiliation as part of improving practice. KW - Adult KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Female KW - Holistic Health KW - Holistic Nursing KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Religion and Psychology KW - spirituality SP - 454 EP - 461 SN - 1365-2648 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19040691 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8583 T1 - Spiritual perception, attitudes about spiritual care, and spiritual care practices among nurse practitioners JF - Western Journal of Nursing Research JA - West J Nurs Res A1 - Stranahan,S VL - 23 IS - 1 PY - 2001/02// N1 -The purpose of the nonexperimental study was to examine the relationships among spiritual perception, attitudes about spiritual care, and spiritual care practices in nurse practitioners. Attitudes about providing spiritual care and spiritual care practices have been studied among nurse generalists, but little research has been conducted on nurses in advanced practice.
N2 - The purpose of the nonexperimental study was to examine the relationships among spiritual perception, attitudes about spiritual care, and spiritual care practices in nurse practitioners. Attitudes about providing spiritual care and spiritual care practices have been studied among nurse generalists, but little research has been conducted on nurses in advanced practice. All nurse practitioners registered by the state of Indiana were sent Reed's Spiritual Perspective Scale (SPS) and a modified version of the Nurses' Spiritual Care Perspectives Scale developed by Taylor, Highfield, and Amenta. Pearson correlation techniques were used to test for significant relationships. Statistically positive relationships were between perception of personal spirituality and 9 of the 12 spiritual care practices. Eight of the 13 items describing attitude toward providing spiritual care were statistically significant with the SPS. Implications of the findings are discussed. KW - Attitude of Health Personnel KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Female KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Humans KW - INDIANA KW - Job Description KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Nurse Practitioners KW - Nursing Evaluation Research KW - Pastoral Care KW - Questionnaires KW - Religion and Psychology SP - 90 EP - 104 SN - 0193-9459 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11216028 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8584 T1 - Spirituality in critical care: patient comfort and satisfaction JF - Critical Care Nursing Quarterly JA - Crit Care Nurs Q A1 - Nussbaum,Gloria B VL - 26 IS - 3 PY - 2003/09//Jul-undefined N1 -Creating an environment of compassion where patients feel that their emotional and spiritual needs are met is at the heart of holistic care. Patient satisfaction surveys address this powerful aspect of care and nurses find themselves in the position of making an impact. The nurse is at the bedside when crisis occurs, both physical and spiritual. Superficial attention to matters of spirituality is no longer acceptable.
N2 - Creating an environment of compassion where patients feel that their emotional and spiritual needs are met is at the heart of holistic care. Patient satisfaction surveys address this powerful aspect of care and nurses find themselves in the position of making an impact. The nurse is at the bedside when crisis occurs, both physical and spiritual. Superficial attention to matters of spirituality is no longer acceptable. Nurses need to examine spirituality within themselves and be available when the patients give the invitation to join them in the struggle for peace. The critical care unit is most vulnerable because the intensity of illness is so great. Conscious or unconscious, the patient needs human touch and consolation, which transcends technology. Indifference to this is all but negligence on the part of the nurse. Addressing this through careful care planning and joining the "fellowship of pain" brings the nurse into the healing process. "Burnout" decreases as care increases, and nurses experience the healing process themselves as well. KW - Attitude of Health Personnel KW - Critical Care KW - Empathy KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Holistic Nursing KW - Humans KW - NEEDS assessment KW - Nurse-Patient Relations KW - Nursing Care KW - Patient Satisfaction KW - spirituality KW - United States SP - 214 EP - 220 SN - 0887-9303 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12930036 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8585 T1 - Spirituality: an analysis of the concept JF - Holistic Nursing Practice JA - Holist Nurs Pract A1 - Burkhardt,M A VL - 3 IS - 3 PY - 1989/05// N1 -Learning to listen for indications of significant relationships and experience of connection is an important skill for the nurse. The nurse needs to be aware of the variety of expressions of spiriting, recognizing that it is often not expressed in traditional religious language. Dealing effectively with spiriting with clients requires an investment of the self, which is an intentional way of being with the client and can be a part of every nurse-client relationship.
N2 - Learning to listen for indications of significant relationships and experience of connection is an important skill for the nurse. The nurse needs to be aware of the variety of expressions of spiriting, recognizing that it is often not expressed in traditional religious language. Dealing effectively with spiriting with clients requires an investment of the self, which is an intentional way of being with the client and can be a part of every nurse-client relationship. KW - Holistic Health KW - Humans KW - Mental Processes KW - Nursing Care KW - Nursing Research KW - religion SP - 69 EP - 77 SN - 0887-9311 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2670980 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8586 T1 - Spirituality: cornerstone of holistic nursing practice JF - Holistic Nursing Practice JA - Holist Nurs Pract A1 - Nagai-Jacobson,M G A1 - Burkhardt,M A VL - 3 IS - 3 PY - 1989/05// N1 -Practitioners of holistic nursing seek to be part of an environment that is healing, recognizing that healing occurs on many levels. Suffering and pain are viewed as part of larger life experience and may be sources of growth and transformation.
N2 - Practitioners of holistic nursing seek to be part of an environment that is healing, recognizing that healing occurs on many levels. Suffering and pain are viewed as part of larger life experience and may be sources of growth and transformation. Understanding that spirituality has to do with all of life and is expressed in a variety of ways, the practitioner of holistic nursing is open to the spirituality of self and others, as manifested in the ordinary as well as the dramatic, and in gentle ways encourages its experience and expression. KW - Holistic Health KW - Humans KW - Mental Processes KW - Mysticism KW - Nursing Care SP - 18 EP - 26 SN - 0887-9311 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2768352 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8587 T1 - The concept of spiritual care in mental health nursing JF - Journal of Advanced Nursing JA - J Adv Nurs A1 - Greasley,P A1 - Chiu,L F A1 - Gartland,M VL - 33 IS - 5 PY - 2001/03// N1 -A series of focus groups was conducted to obtain the views of service users, carers and mental health nursing professionals about the concept of spirituality and the provision of spiritual care in mental health nursing. According to the views expressed in our focus groups, spiritual care relates to the acknowledgement of a person’s sense of meaning and purpose to life which may, or may not, be expressed through formal religious beliefs and practices.
N2 - AIM: In this paper we aim to clarify the issue of spiritual care in the context of mental health nursing. BACKGROUND: The concept of spirituality in nursing has received a great deal of attention in recent years. However, despite many articles addressed to the issue, spiritual care remains poorly understood amongst nursing professionals and, as a result, spiritual needs are often neglected within the context of health care. METHODS: A series of focus groups was conducted to obtain the views of service users, carers and mental health nursing professionals about the concept of spirituality and the provision of spiritual care in mental health nursing. RESULTS: According to the views expressed in our focus groups, spiritual care relates to the acknowledgement of a person's sense of meaning and purpose to life which may, or may not, be expressed through formal religious beliefs and practices. The concept of spiritual care was also associated with the quality of interpersonal care in terms of the expression of love and compassion towards patients. Concerns were expressed that the ethos of mental health nursing and the atmosphere of care provision were becoming less personal, with increasing emphasis on the 'mechanics of nursing'. CONCLUSIONS: The perceived failure of service providers to attend adequately to this component of care may be symptomatic of a medical culture in which the more readily observable and measurable elements in care practice have assumed a prominence over the more subjective, deeply personal components. In order for staff to acknowledge these issues it is argued that a more holistic approach to care should be adopted, which would entail multidisciplinary education in spiritual care. KW - Attitude of Health Personnel KW - Attitude to Health KW - Culture KW - England KW - Focus Groups KW - Holistic Nursing KW - Humans KW - Psychiatric Nursing KW - Religion and Psychology SP - 629 EP - 637 SN - 0309-2402 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11298199 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8588 T1 - The impact of empirical studies of spirituality and culture on nurse education JF - Journal of Clinical Nursing JA - J Clin Nurs M3 - 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01616.x A1 - Narayanasamy,Aru VL - 15 IS - 7 PY - 2006/07// N1 -In spite of an unjustified negative portrayal of Islam, it continues to grow at what is sometimes perceived as an unprecedented rate, having, it is estimated, one billion followers, i.e. one-fifth of the world’s population. This signals the need for nurse education to take on board curriculum measures to incorporate spiritual and cultural dimensions in the care of Muslim patients. Therefore, curriculum strategies are identified for putting into action educational programmes that address the needs of Muslims.
N2 - AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this paper is to share reflectively how my empirical studies on spirituality and culture have had an impact upon nurse education. BACKGROUND: Spirituality and cultural dimensions of care are considered to be integral to holistic care. The healing potentials of spiritual and cultural care are well documented. The commitment to the research programme came due to the concern within early literature on nursing that the provision of spiritual care for patients is inadequate. METHODS: The research programme used action research comprising largely qualitative approaches. As the holistic and multiperspective nature of spirituality and culture requires a multidisciplinary approach and flexibility of methodology, various research techniques were used. RESULTS: The findings from the research programme led to the development of theories, models and conceptual literature on spiritual and cultural care. In particular, two models evolved from the studies: the ASSET for spiritual cares education and training and the ACCESS for transcultural care practice. The critical incident studies provide insights into nurses' roles in spiritual care interventions. The phenomenological study highlights that chronically ill patients use spiritual strategies in coping with their illness. CONCLUSION: Overall, the paper offers a body of evidence that has an impact upon curriculum development in nurse education and nursing practice. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The ASSET model offers a framework for spiritual care education. The ACCESS model offers a framework for transcultural care practice. The critical incident studies map out nurses' roles in spiritual and cultural care with scope for development of care intervention models for the future. The coping mechanisms study highlights how patients use spiritual coping strategies such as prayer and other resources to cope with their chronic illnesses. KW - Adaptation, Psychological KW - Chronic Disease KW - Communication KW - Cultural Diversity KW - Curriculum KW - Education, Nursing KW - Holistic Nursing KW - Humans KW - Models, Educational KW - Models, Nursing KW - NEEDS assessment KW - Nurse's Role KW - Nursing Assessment KW - Nursing Education Research KW - Nursing Methodology Research KW - Nursing Process KW - Patient Care Team KW - Philosophy, Nursing KW - spirituality KW - Transcultural Nursing SP - 840 EP - 851 SN - 0962-1067 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16879377 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8589 T1 - The operationalisation of religion and world view in surveys of nurses' attitudes toward euthanasia and assisted suicide JF - Medicine, Health Care, and Philosophy JA - Med Health Care Philos M3 - 10.1007/s11019-009-9217-8 A1 - Gielen,Joris A1 - Van den Branden,Stef A1 - Broeckaert,Bert PY - 2009/07/21/ N1 -Most quantitative studies that survey nurses’ attitudes toward euthanasia and/or assisted suicide also attempt to assess the influence of religion on these attitudes. We wanted to evaluate the operationalisation of religion and world view in these surveys. In most articles the operationalisation of religion and world view is very limited and does not reflect the diversity and complexity of religion and world view in contemporary society.
N2 - Most quantitative studies that survey nurses' attitudes toward euthanasia and/or assisted suicide, also attempt to assess the influence of religion on these attitudes. We wanted to evaluate the operationalisation of religion and world view in these surveys. In the Pubmed database we searched for relevant articles published before August 2008 using combinations of search terms. Twenty-eight relevant articles were found. In five surveys nurses were directly asked whether religious beliefs, religious practices and/or ideological convictions influenced their attitudes, or the respondents were requested to mention the decisional basis for their answers on questions concerning end-of-life issues. In other surveys the influence of religion and world view was assessed indirectly through a comparison of the attitudes of different types of believers and/or non-believers toward euthanasia or assisted suicide. In these surveys we find subjective religious or ideological questions (questions inquiring about the perceived importance of religion or world view in life, influence of religion or world view on life in general, or how religious the respondents consider themselves) and objective questions (questions inquiring about religious practice, acceptance of religious dogmas, and religious or ideological affiliation). Religious or ideological affiliation is the most frequently used operationalisation of religion and world view. In 16 surveys only one religious or ideological question was asked. In most articles the operationalisation of religion and world view is very limited and does not reflect the diversity and complexity of religion and world view in contemporary society. Future research should pay more attention to the different dimensions of religion and world view, the religious plurality of Western society and the particularities of religion in non-Western contexts. SN - 1572-8633 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19629746 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8590 T1 - The Search for Spiritual Meaning JF - The American Journal of Nursing A1 - Dickinson,Corita VL - 75 IS - 10 PY - 1975/10// SP - 1789 EP - 1794 SN - 0002936X UR - http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/3423567 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8591 T1 - The story behind the story: the use of storytelling in spiritual caregiving JF - Seminars in Oncology Nursing JA - Semin Oncol Nurs A1 - Taylor,E J VL - 13 IS - 4 PY - 1997/11// N1 -Objectives To briefly discuss the nature and function of stories that patients tell, and offer practical tips on how to listen and make sense of these stories. Conclusion: Stories are a medium for assessment and intervention in areas that essentially reflect an individual’s spirituality.
N2 - OBJECTIVES: To briefly discuss the nature and function of stories that patients tell, and offer practical tips on how to listen and make sense of these stories. DATA SOURCES: Books and articles from disciplines in the humanities and health care professions. CONCLUSION: Stories are a medium for assessment and intervention in areas that essentially reflect an individual's spirituality. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Encouraging storytelling is an intervention nurses can use to promote spiritual health. Suggestions for eliciting and analyzing stories are offered. KW - Adaptation, Psychological KW - Anecdotes as Topic KW - Holistic Nursing KW - Humans KW - Imagery (Psychotherapy) KW - Neoplasms SP - 252 EP - 254 SN - 0749-2081 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9392032 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8592 T1 - A study of spirituality and life satisfaction among persons with spinal cord injury JF - Rehabilitation Nursing: The Official Journal of the Association of Rehabilitation Nurses JA - Rehabil Nurs A1 - Brillhart,Barbara VL - 30 IS - 1 PY - 2005/02//Jan-undefined N1 -The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of spirituality and life satisfaction among persons with spinal cord injury. Data analysis indicated that there was a significant positive correlation between life satisfaction and psychological/spiritual factors of the QLI instrument.
N2 - The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of spirituality and life satisfaction among persons with spinal cord injury. A nationwide sample of 230 persons with long-term spinal cord injury completed the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), the Quality of Life Index (QLI), and a demographic data form. Data analysis also indicated that there was a significant positive correlation between life satisfaction and psychological/spiritual factors of the QLI instrument. Nurses are mandated by the International Council of Nurses, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, and the Patient's Bill of Rights (Maddox, 2001) to provide spiritual care for clients. Rehabilitation nurses have the opportunity to support spirituality and life satisfaction as we assist our clients with disabilities to redefine their lives and explore new life opportunities. KW - Adult KW - Female KW - Health Surveys KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Personal Satisfaction KW - Quality of Life KW - Spinal Cord Injuries KW - spirituality KW - United States SP - 31 EP - 34 SN - 0278-4807 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15736617 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8593 T1 - Addressing the spiritual & religious needs of persons with profound memory loss JF - Home Healthcare Nurse JA - Home Healthc Nurse A1 - Buckwalter,Georgine L VL - 21 IS - 1 PY - 2003/01// KW - Audiovisual Aids KW - Communication KW - Cues KW - Grief KW - Health Facility Environment KW - Holistic Health KW - Humans KW - Memory Disorders KW - NEEDS assessment KW - Pastoral Care KW - Professional-Patient Relations KW - Religion and Psychology KW - spirituality KW - Terminal Care SP - 20 EP - 24 SN - 0884-741X UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12544458 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8594 T1 - Complementary and alternative therapies: what is their place in the management of chronic pain? JF - The Nursing Clinics of North America JA - Nurs. Clin. North Am A1 - Snyder,Mariah A1 - Wieland,Joanne VL - 38 IS - 3 PY - 2003/09// N1 -Nurses have used complementary therapies for many years to relieve anxiety, promote comfort, and reduce or alleviate pain. The therapies described in this article are examples of the many therapies available for nurses to consider when planning care for patients with chronic pain.
N2 - Nurses have used complementary therapies for many years to relieve anxiety, promote comfort, and reduce or alleviate pain. The therapies described in this article are examples of the many therapies available for nurses to consider when planning care for patients with chronic pain. The increasing body of scientific knowledge is providing more guidance about the efficacy of specific therapies. As with all interventions, ongoing evaluation about the effectiveness of a therapy for each patient is an important component of quality nursing care. Complementary therapies provide an avenue for nurses to be autonomous in furthering the relief of chronic pain, as many of these therapies fall within the domain of nursing. Incorporating selected therapies into the plan of care provides multiple opportunities for nurses to demonstrate caring, a premier characteristic of nursing. A number of the complementary therapies, such as journaling, hand massage, and imagery, can be taught to patients and their families, thus promoting self-care. Anecdotal evidence and findings from numerous smaller studies provide some support for the use of many complementary therapies to manage chronic pain or their use as adjuncts in the treatment regimen. Still, the nurse must weigh the risks and benefits before suggesting a therapy to a patient. Evaluating the effectiveness of the complementary therapy to promote comfort in patients with chronic pain is essential. Obtaining this information is not only critical to the care of a particular patient, but these data will assist nurses in learning more about specific therapies. Most importantly, nurses need to pursue research to further the scientific basis for many of the complementary therapies. KW - Acupuncture Therapy KW - Aromatherapy KW - Chronic Disease KW - COMBINED modality therapy KW - Complementary Therapies KW - Evidence-Based Medicine KW - Faith Healing KW - Holistic Health KW - Homeopathy KW - Humans KW - Information Services KW - Internet KW - Massage KW - Meditation KW - Music Therapy KW - Nurse's Role KW - Pain KW - Patient Selection KW - Therapeutic Touch KW - Treatment Outcome SP - 495 EP - 508 SN - 0029-6465 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14567205 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8595 T1 - 'I would if I could': how oncologists and oncology nurses address spiritual distress in cancer patients JF - Psycho-Oncology JA - Psychooncology A1 - Kristeller,J L A1 - Zumbrun,C S A1 - Schilling,R F VL - 8 IS - 5 PY - 1999/10//Sep-undefined N1 -Medical providers are called upon to address a wide range of psychosocial issues, under increasing time constraints. Spiritual/existential distress was one of 18 issues covered in a survey of oncologists’ (n=94) and oncology nurses’ (n=267) attitudes and practices regarding psychosocial issues. Results suggest that spiritual distress experienced by cancer patients may be under-addressed due to time constraints, lack of confidence in effectiveness, and role uncertainty.
N2 - Medical providers are called upon to address a wide range of psychosocial issues, under increasing time constraints. Spiritual/existential distress was one of 18 issues covered in a survey of oncologists' (n=94) and oncology nurses' (n=267) attitudes and practices regarding psychosocial issues. The survey included patient vignettes at good, moderate and poor prognosis levels, and questions regarding attitudes toward patient care, typical and ideal services, and expectation for impact. A substantial proportion of both oncologists (37.5%) and nurses (47.5%) identified themselves as primarily responsible for addressing spiritual distress in their setting. However, over 85% of both MDs and RNs felt that ideally a chaplain should address such issues. Working in an inpatient setting predicted that nurses, but not doctors, would confer with chaplains. When ranking spiritual distress as important to address in comparison to 17 other issues, only 11.8% of MDs and 8.5% of RNs ranked it in the top three for the poor prognosis vignette, with yet lower values with better prognoses. For the poor prognosis, younger MDs were more likely to address spirituality (r=-0.26) and were also more likely to address anxiety or depression (r=0.25) and family distress (r=0.20). For RNs, no such relationships appeared. Perceived impact was also a predictor of whether spirituality issues were addressed. These results suggest that spiritual distress experienced by cancer patients may be under-addressed due to time constraints, lack of confidence in effectiveness, and role uncertainty. KW - Adaptation, Psychological KW - Adult KW - Attitude of Health Personnel KW - Family Health KW - Female KW - Health Care Surveys KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Medical Oncology KW - Middle Aged KW - Neoplasms KW - Nurses KW - Physician-Patient Relations KW - Religion and Medicine KW - Stress, Psychological SP - 451 EP - 458 SN - 1057-9249 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10559804 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8596 T1 - Mental health and spiritual care JF - Nursing Standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain): 1987) JA - Nurs Stand A1 - Thompson,Ian VL - 17 IS - 9 PY - 2002/11/13/19 N1 -With the move towards provision of modern mental health services in the community, the community mental health nurse will increasingly care for individuals for whom the spiritual is part of their daily lives and not a symptom of their illness.
N2 - BACKGROUND: Achieving holistic care is an important goal for nurses. While much is made of the bio-psychosocial model of holistic care, reflecting the allopathic bias inherent in the Western medical model, the issue of spirituality is mostly neglected. Where acknowledged, spirituality is often limited to recording the client's religion. This article asserts that religion and spirituality are not synonymous, although spirituality might sometimes be reflected through religious practices. CONCLUSION: With the move towards provision of modern mental health services in the community, the community mental health nurse will increasingly care for individuals for whom the spiritual is part of their daily lives and not a symptom of their illness. This is set against the backdrop of a multicultural society and as such will call for holistic nursing skills. KW - Community Health Nursing KW - Community Mental Health Services KW - Holistic Health KW - Humans KW - mental health KW - NEEDS assessment KW - Nurse-Patient Relations KW - Nurse's Role KW - Nursing Assessment KW - Pastoral Care KW - Psychiatric Nursing KW - Religion and Psychology KW - social support KW - spirituality SP - 33 EP - 38 SN - 0029-6570 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12478921 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8597 T1 - Nurses' willingness to care for AIDS patients and spirituality, social support, and death anxiety JF - Image--the Journal of Nursing Scholarship JA - Image J Nurs Sch A1 - Sherman,D W VL - 28 IS - 3 PY - 1996/// N1 -Objective: Use Rogers’ (1992) framework of the science of unitary human beings to examine relationships among spirituality, perceived social support, death anxiety, and nurses’ willingness to care for AIDS patients. Findings: Willingness to care for AIDS patients was positively correlated with spirituality and perceived social support, and negatively correlated with death anxiety.
N2 - OBJECTIVE: Use Rogers' (1992) framework of the science of unitary human beings to examine relationships among spirituality, perceived social support, death anxiety, and nurses' willingness to care for AIDS patients. DESIGN: Descriptive, correlational. POPULATION, SAMPLE, SETTING: Population, female RNs in the New York City Metropolitan area who care for patients with AIDS. Convenience sample of 220 RNs who worked in eight hospitals either on AIDS-dedicated units (n = 88), or medical-surgical scatterbed units (n = 132) with a daily AIDS patient census of between 5% to 50%. Data were collected in 1992. MEASURES: Spiritual Orientation Inventory, the Personal Resource Questionnaire-85, the Templer Death Anxiety Scale, and the Willingness to Care for AIDS Patients Instrument. METHODS: Pearson product-moment correlations and hierarchical multiple regression analyses to test hypotheses. FINDINGS: Willingness to care for AIDS patients was positively correlated with spirituality and perceived social support, and negatively correlated with death anxiety. Death anxiety moderated the relationship between spirituality and willingness to care. In total, 17% of the variance in nurses' willingness to care for AIDS patients was explained. Additional regression analyses indicated that group membership as either an AIDS-dedicated nurse or medical-surgical nurse did not moderate or change hypothesized relationships. CONCLUSION: Because group membership explained 22% of the variance in willingness to care, the data indicate that group culture or professional identity should be further examined as predictors of nurses' willingness to care for AIDS patients. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Social support at work from administrators and colleagues, as well as the support from patients themselves is important to nurses and should be fostered. KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Attitude of Health Personnel KW - Attitude to Death KW - Career Choice KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Nursing Methodology Research KW - Nursing Staff, Hospital KW - Nursing Theory KW - Questionnaires KW - Regression Analysis KW - Religion and Psychology KW - social support SP - 205 EP - 213 SN - 0743-5150 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8854541 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8598 T1 - Spirituality of patients recovering from an acute myocardial infarction. A grounded theory study JF - Journal of Holistic Nursing: Official Journal of the American Holistic Nurses' Association JA - J Holist Nurs A1 - Walton,J VL - 17 IS - 1 PY - 1999/03// N1 -The purposes of this study were to discover what spirituality means to patients recovering from an acute myocardial infarction and to identify patients’ perceptions of how spirituality influences recovery. Spirituality influenced recovery by providing the participants with inner strength, comfort, peace, wellness, wholeness, and enhanced coping. This substantive theory can be used by holistic nurses to facilitate spirituality in patients recovering from an acute myocardial infarction.
N2 - The purposes of this study were to discover what spirituality means to patients recovering from an acute myocardial infarction and to identify patients' perceptions of how spirituality influences recovery. Using the Glaserian method, spiritual concepts were used for theory building. Spirituality was described as a life-giving force nurtured by receiving presence of the divine, family, friends, health care providers, and creation (core category). Supporting categories were: developing faith, discovering meaning and purpose, and giving the gift of self. Five phases to discovering meaning and purpose were: (a) facing mortality, (b) releasing fear and turmoil, (c) identifying and making lifestyle changes, (d) seeking divine purpose, and (e) making meaning in daily life. Spirituality influenced recovery by providing the participants with inner strength, comfort, peace, wellness, wholeness, and enhanced coping. This substantive theory can be used by holistic nurses to facilitate spirituality in patients recovering from an acute myocardial infarction. KW - Adaptation, Psychological KW - Aged KW - Attitude to Health KW - Convalescence KW - Female KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Holistic Nursing KW - Humans KW - Life Style KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Models, Nursing KW - Myocardial Infarction KW - Nursing Methodology Research KW - Pastoral Care KW - Religion and Medicine SP - 34 EP - 53 SN - 0898-0101 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10373841 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8599 T1 - Spirituality, religion, and pain JF - The Canadian Journal of Nursing Research = Revue Canadienne De Recherche En Sciences Infirmières JA - Can J Nurs Res A1 - Unruh,Anita M VL - 39 IS - 2 PY - 2007/06// N1 -The author reviews the research literature on spirituality and pain from a historical perspective. The analysis is concerned with how spirituality and religion have been used to construct a meaning of pain that shapes appraisal, coping, and pain management.
N2 - Understanding the relationships between spirituality and health has become increasingly important in health research, including nursing research. Very little of the research thus far has focused on spirituality, religion, and pain even though spiritual views have been intertwined with beliefs about pain and suffering throughout history. Spiritual views can have a substantial impact on patients' understanding of pain and decisions about pain management. The author reviews the research literature on spirituality and pain from a historical perspective. The analysis is concerned with how spirituality and religion have been used to construct a meaning of pain that shapes appraisal, coping, and pain management. The clinical implications include respectful communication with patients about spirituality and pain, inclusion of spirituality in education and support programs, integration of spiritual preferences in pain management where feasible and appropriate, consultation with pastoral care teams, and reflection by nurses about spirituality in their own lives. A discussion of research implications is included. KW - Adaptation, Psychological KW - Attitude to Health KW - Evidence-Based Medicine KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Humans KW - Nurse's Role KW - Nursing Research KW - Pain KW - Pastoral Care KW - Religion and Medicine KW - Religion and Psychology KW - Self Care KW - social support KW - spirituality SP - 66 EP - 86 SN - 0844-5621 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17679586 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8600 T1 - Struggling with paradoxes: the process of spiritual development in women with cancer JF - Oncology Nursing Forum JA - Oncol Nurs Forum A1 - Halstead,M T A1 - Hull,M VL - 28 IS - 10 PY - 2001/12//Nov-undefined N1 -Purpose/Objectives To examine the process of spiritual development in women diagnosed with cancer within five years of initial treatment. Findings: Diagnosis of cancer threatened the meaning of the women’s lives, resulting in a sense of disintegration. This problem was resolved through the basic social psychological process of Struggling With Paradoxes. Implications for Nursing Practice: Spiritual concerns may be painful for patients to address; spiritual caregiving requires an acknowledgment of need by the woman with cancer and a caring, sensitive caregiver.
N2 - PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To examine the process of spiritual development in women diagnosed with cancer within five years of initial treatment. DESIGN: Exploratory, qualitative. SETTING: Outpatients in the mid-central and southwestern United States. SAMPLE: 10 Caucasian women, ages 45-70, who completed initial treatment, were not undergoing treatment for recurrence, and were within five years of diagnosis for breast or ovarian cancer or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. METHODS: Data collected during two semistructured interviews, coded and analyzed using grounded theory techniques. Frame of reference--symbolic interactionism. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Developmental processes of spirituality; responses to diagnosis, treatment, and survival of cancer. FINDINGS: Diagnosis of cancer threatened the meaning of the women's lives, resulting in a sense of disintegration. This problem was resolved through the basic social psychological process of Struggling With Paradoxes, a three-phase process of Deciphering the Meaning of Cancer for Me, Recognizing Human Limitations, and Learning to Live with Uncertainty. In phase I, the paradoxes focused on the possibility of death, distress, vulnerability, and maintaining connection. In phase II, the paradoxes involved confronting death, asking difficult questions, and letting go of ultimate control of their lives. In phase III, the paradoxes centered on uncertainty, redefining meaning, and identifying spiritual growth. Reintegration occurred over time, although when threatened by the possibility of recurrence, disintegration resurfaced for a time. CONCLUSIONS: Findings emphasize not only the importance of spirituality, but also that spiritual experience is individualized and developmental in nature. Spiritual growth occurs over time following the diagnosis of cancer and is not necessarily related to age. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Spiritual concerns may be painful for patients to address; spiritual caregiving requires an acknowledgment of need by the woman with cancer and a caring, sensitive caregiver. Nurses should be aware of the phases of spiritual development so that interventions can be designed to address individual needs that may vary over time. KW - Adaptation, Psychological KW - Aged KW - Attitude to Death KW - Attitude to Health KW - Breast Neoplasms KW - Conflict (Psychology) KW - Fear KW - Female KW - Holistic Health KW - Human Development KW - Humans KW - Internal-External Control KW - Life Change Events KW - Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin KW - Middle Aged KW - Models, Psychological KW - Nursing Methodology Research KW - Ovarian Neoplasms KW - Questionnaires KW - Self Care KW - spirituality KW - Stress, Psychological KW - WOMEN SP - 1534 EP - 1544 SN - 0190-535X UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11759301 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8601 T1 - Wellness spirituality in homosexual men with HIV infection JF - The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care: JANAC JA - J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care A1 - Kendall,J VL - 5 IS - 4 PY - 1994/08//Jul-undefined N1 -The concept of wellness as a spiritual process is examined in this grounded theory study on the role of human relationships in the well-being of gay men with HIV infection. The sample included 29 homosexual men in various stages of HIV illness. Findings reveal a description of the construct, wellness spirituality, in which the elements of human connectedness, meaning, and self-acceptance are discussed.
N2 - The concept of wellness as a spiritual process is examined in this grounded theory study on the role of human relationships in the well-being of gay men with HIV infection. The sample included 29 homosexual men in various stages of HIV illness. Findings reveal a description of the construct, wellness spirituality, in which the elements of human connectedness, meaning, and self-acceptance are discussed. This study confirms the findings of other researchers who demonstrated the importance of spirituality in the health and well-being of terminally ill people. KW - Adaptation, Psychological KW - Adult KW - Attitude to Health KW - HIV Infections KW - Homosexuality, Male KW - Humans KW - Interpersonal Relations KW - Male KW - mental health KW - Middle Aged KW - Nursing Methodology Research KW - Pastoral Care KW - Personal Satisfaction KW - Sampling Studies KW - Self Concept KW - Social Identification KW - social support KW - Terminal Care SP - 28 EP - 34 SN - 1055-3290 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7948970 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8602 T1 - Becoming a reflective nurse or midwife: using complementary therapies while practising holistically JF - Complementary Therapies in Nursing & Midwifery JA - Complement Ther Nurs Midwifery M3 - 10.1054/ctnm.2001.0595 A1 - Taylor,Bev VL - 8 IS - 2 PY - 2002/05// N1 -Complementary therapies augment nursing and midwidfery practice, but they do not necessarily make it holistic, nor is that practice guaranteed of being based on systematic reflection. Practical hints are suggested to assist nurses and midwives in becoming reflective, thereby increasing the likelihood of incorporating complementary therapies while practising holistically.
N2 - Complementary therapies augment nursing and midwidfery practice, but they do not necessarily make it holistic, nor is that practice guaranteed of being based on systematic reflection. This article argues the need for holistic nursing and midwifery to be based on reflective processes, enabling continual development and renewal of the person and practitioner. Practical hints are suggested to assist nurses and midwives in becoming reflective, thereby increasing the likelihood of incorporating complementary therapies while practising holistically. KW - Complementary Therapies KW - Ethics, Nursing KW - Great Britain KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Holistic Health KW - Holistic Nursing KW - Humans KW - Midwifery KW - Philosophy, Nursing KW - spirituality SP - 62 EP - 68 SN - 1353-6117 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12188159 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8603 T1 - Including the nonrational is sensible midwifery JF - Women and Birth: Journal of the Australian College of Midwives JA - Women Birth M3 - 10.1016/j.wombi.2007.12.002 A1 - Parratt,Jenny A A1 - Fahy,Kathleen M VL - 21 IS - 1 PY - 2008/03// N1 -This paper draws on philosophical and spiritual theory to present an analysis of ideas about mind, body, soul and spirit. The standard rational/irrational dichotomy is critiqued and contrasted with the embodied reality of nonrational experiences that are individual, contextual and ‘in-the-moment’. Our thesis is that midwives and women need to take conscious account of nonrational knowledge and power during the childbearing year.
N2 - Since the subordination of midwifery by medicine and nursing in the 19th and 20th centuries the standard approach to childbirth has been dominated by rationality. This approach proceeds by creating dichotomies and then prioritising one half of the dichotomy whilst rejecting the opposite term. Rationality itself is prioritised, for example, by contrasting it with the rejected opposite: irrationality. Expert clinical practice is, however, increasingly identified as being inclusive of more than merely rational ways of knowing and behaving. This paper is based on a post-structural study concerning changes to women's embodied sense of self during childbearing. We expose the limitations of pure rationality in the context of childbirth and use the concept of safety to exemplify the limitations that pure rationality imposes. The paper draws on philosophical and spiritual theory to present an analysis of ideas about mind, body, soul and spirit. The standard rational/irrational dichotomy is critiqued and contrasted with the embodied reality of nonrational experiences that are individual, contextual and 'in-the-moment'. Nonrational experiences are identified to be inclusive of power and knowledge that are both rational and nonrational. This revised conceptualisation provides a theoretical basis that allows for and promotes more possibilities and thus more holistic ways of knowing in midwifery. Our thesis is that midwives and women need to take conscious account of nonrational knowledge and power during the childbearing year. We argue that pure rational thinking limits possibilities by excluding the midwife's embodied ways of knowing along with the ways of knowing embodied by the woman. The inclusion of women's and midwives'nonrational ways of knowing in childbearing situations opens us up to knowledge and power that provides for a more complete, and therefore a more optimal, decision-making process. KW - Adult KW - Attitude to Health KW - Empathy KW - Female KW - Holistic Health KW - Humans KW - Intuition KW - Labor, Obstetric KW - Midwifery KW - Nurse-Patient Relations KW - Nurse's Role KW - Nursing Methodology Research KW - Pregnancy KW - spirituality SP - 37 EP - 42 SN - 1871-5192 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18243836 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8604 T1 - Rumour of angels and heavenly midwives: anthropology of transpersonal events and childbirth JF - Women and Birth: Journal of the Australian College of Midwives JA - Women Birth M3 - 10.1016/j.wombi.2006.10.002 A1 - Lahood,Gregg VL - 20 IS - 1 PY - 2007/03// N1 -Some contemporary women can experience non-ordinary states of consciousness when childbearing. The purpose of this paper is to bring a ‘transpersonal’ frame to these non-ordinary states of consciousness (NOSC).
N2 - Some contemporary women can experience non-ordinary states of consciousness when childbearing. The purpose of this paper is to bring a 'transpersonal' frame to these non-ordinary states of consciousness (hereafter: NOSC). Transpersonal psychology is an interdisciplinary movement in Western science that studies 'religious', 'peak' or 'healing' experiences in different cultures and social contexts. Between 2001 and 2006 in Auckland, New Zealand, while engaged in anthropological fieldwork, I collected stories from mothers, fathers, and midwives who had participated in transpersonal events during childbirth. I will compare the local women's NOSC with ethnographic accounts of spirit-possession and its relationship to indigenous midwifery then revisit and reconstruct the witch-hunts of Medieval Europe from this perspective. Midwives are encouraged to learn to identify and support women's NOSC during labour and birth as many women find strength and wisdom by passing through these states in labour. The subject is also critical to men, whether they are present with women and birth as fathers or health professionals. The hoped for result of this inquiry is to revalorise NOSC among birth-giving mothers, and to educate birth attendants in this field. KW - Adult KW - Ceremonial Behavior KW - Consciousness KW - Cultural Characteristics KW - Delivery, Obstetric KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Midwifery KW - Mothers KW - New Zealand KW - Nurse-Patient Relations KW - Nursing Methodology Research KW - Pregnancy KW - Questionnaires KW - spirituality SP - 3 EP - 10 SN - 1871-5192 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17127114 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8605 T1 - Teaching spirituality to student midwives: a creative approach JF - Nurse Education in Practice JA - Nurse Educ Pract M3 - 10.1016/j.nepr.2007.02.007 A1 - Mitchell,Mary A1 - Hall,Jenny VL - 7 IS - 6 PY - 2007/11// N1 -The nature of midwifery both as an art and a science requires methods of teaching students that will enhance this understanding. A philosophy of holistic care of women should underpin education of student midwives and these concepts should be put across to the students in meaningful ways.
N2 - The nature of midwifery both as an art and a science requires methods of teaching students that will enhance this understanding. A philosophy of holistic care of women should underpin education of student midwives and these concepts should be put across to the students in meaningful ways. In the formal midwifery curriculum this has been a neglected aspect (Hall, 2001) [Hall, J., 2001. Midwifery Mind and spirit: emerging issues of care. Books for Midwives, Oxford]. We have developed a teaching session on 'Spirituality and the meaning of birth'. A creative approach, using mediums of video, music, aroma and storytelling, combined with an opportunity for the students to express their selves through art have been utilised (Cameron, 1993) [Cameron, J., 1993. The Artists Way--A course in discovering and recovering your creative self. Pan Macmillan, London]. Although creative approaches in teaching arts based disciplines is well established, these approaches have not been evaluated for their effectiveness within midwifery education. We conducted a study which aimed to develop an understanding of student's views on the meaning of birth by examining creative work produced by the student midwives. This aspect is reported elsewhere. Further exploration through open-ended questionnaires was made of the effectiveness and value of the activity as a teaching method. This paper will describe the innovative teaching methods used. In addition student's views of birth established through their art and their views of the teaching session elicited through our research will be explored. KW - Attitude of Health Personnel KW - Creativeness KW - Education, Nursing KW - Emotions KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Holistic Nursing KW - Humans KW - Midwifery KW - Nursing Education Research KW - Parturition KW - Pregnancy KW - Retrospective Studies KW - spirituality KW - Teaching SP - 416 EP - 424 SN - 1873-5223 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17936548 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8606 T1 - The Jewish midwife JF - Midwifery Today with International Midwife JA - Midwifery Today Int Midwife A1 - Klein,M IS - 60 PY - 2001/// KW - Female KW - History, 15th Century KW - History, 16th Century KW - History, 17th Century KW - History, 18th Century KW - History, 19th Century KW - History, 20th Century KW - History, Ancient KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Jews KW - Midwifery KW - Nurse Midwives KW - spirituality KW - World Health SP - 54-57, 64, 66 EP - 54-57, 64, 66 SN - 1551-8892 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12584823 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8607 T1 - 21st century rural nursing: Navajo Traditional and Western medicine JF - Nursing Administration Quarterly JA - Nurs Adm Q A1 - O'Brien,Barbara L A1 - Anslow,Rosemary M A1 - Begay,Wanda A1 - Sister Benvinda A Pereira A1 - Sullivan,Mary Pat VL - 26 IS - 5 PY - 2002/// N1 -Health care providers gaining expertise in creative thinking, traditional medicine, spirituality, and cultural sensitivity is an essential requirement for 21st century health care. We must stay mindful that poverty, isolation, and rural living may create new forms of social exclusion because of lack of communication and rapidly changing technology.
N2 - Past experiences enhance the future. Health care providers gaining expertise in creative thinking, traditional medicine, spirituality, and cultural sensitivity is an essential requirement for 21st century health care. We must stay mindful that poverty, isolation, and rural living may create new forms of social exclusion because of lack of communication and rapidly changing technology. Conversely, sensory overload resulting from a faster paced lifestyle and rapid enhancements in technology may cause increased tension and stress. This article reviews successes that may offer the reader ideas on coping with the provision of health care services in such a volatile changing environment, while honoring tradition and cultural competency. KW - Arizona KW - Case Management KW - Health Services, Indigenous KW - Humans KW - Indians, North American KW - Medicine, Traditional KW - New Mexico KW - Nurse Practitioners KW - Rural Health Services SP - 47 EP - 57 SN - 0363-9568 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12515233 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8608 T1 - African-American spirituality: a concept analysis JF - ANS. Advances in Nursing Science JA - ANS Adv Nurs Sci A1 - Newlin,Kelley A1 - Knafl,Kathleen A1 - Melkus,Gail D'Eramo VL - 25 IS - 2 PY - 2002/12// N1 -Culturally competent care for African Americans requires sensitivity to spirituality as a component of the cultural context. To foster understanding, measurement, and delivery of the spiritual component of culturally competent care, this article presents an evolutionary concept analysis of African-American spirituality.
N2 - Culturally competent care for African Americans requires sensitivity to spirituality as a component of the cultural context. To foster understanding, measurement, and delivery of the spiritual component of culturally competent care, this article presents an evolutionary concept analysis of African-American spirituality. The analysis is based on a sample of multidisciplinary research studies reflecting spirituality of African Americans. Findings indicate that African-American spirituality involves quintessential, internal, external, consoling, and transformative attributive dimensions. Findings are considered in relation to previous conceptual analyses of spirituality and suggest that defining attributes of African-American spirituality are both global and culturally prominent. Implications for practice and research are discussed. KW - Adult KW - African Americans KW - Aged KW - Cultural Characteristics KW - Female KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Models, Psychological KW - Religion and Psychology KW - spirituality KW - United States SP - 57 EP - 70 SN - 0161-9268 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12484641 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8609 T1 - Ayurvedic medicine: An introduction for nurses JF - British Journal of Nursing (Mark Allen Publishing) JA - Br J Nurs A1 - Narayanasamy,Aru A1 - Narayanasamy,Mani VL - 15 IS - 21 PY - 2006/12/23/Nov -13 N1 -In this article the principles and practices of Ayurvedic medicine are outlined. In doing so, the safety of ayurvedic medicine is explored in the context of evidence-based practice and the implications of Ayurvedic medicine for nursing are discussed. It is concluded that an awareness of Ayurvedic medicine may help nurses to be cognisant of its benefits and potential complications if it is used with conventional medicine.
N2 - Ayurvedic medicine is an ancient Indian form of healing. It is gaining popularity as part of the growing interest in New Age spirituality and in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). In this article the principles and practices of Ayurvedic medicine are outlined. In doing so, the safety of ayurvedic medicine is explored in the context of evidence-based practice and the implications of Ayurvedic medicine for nursing are discussed. It is concluded that an awareness of Ayurvedic medicine may help nurses to be cognisant of its benefits and potential complications if it is used with conventional medicine. Although the therapeutic value of ayurvedic treatment is yet to be fully established through randomized control trials, its potential in terms of health promotion, nutrition and spirituality are acknowledged in the emerging literature. KW - Education, Nursing KW - Humans KW - Medicine, Ayurvedic KW - Nursing KW - Phytotherapy KW - Safety SP - 1185 EP - 1190 SN - 0966-0461 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17170694 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8610 T1 - Caring for patients of Islamic denomination: Critical care nurses' experiences in Saudi Arabia JF - Journal of Clinical Nursing JA - J Clin Nurs M3 - 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2005.01525.x A1 - Halligan,Phil VL - 15 IS - 12 PY - 2006/12// N1 -AIM: To describe the critical care nurses’ experiences in caring for patients of Muslim denomination in Saudi Arabia. Conclusions: The concept of the family and the importance and meaning of religion and culture were central in the provision of caring. The beliefs and practices of patients who follow Islam, as perceived by expatriate nurses, may have an effect on the patient’s health care in ways that are not apparent to many health-care professionals and policy makers internationally.
N2 - AIM: To describe the critical care nurses' experiences in caring for patients of Muslim denomination in Saudi Arabia. BACKGROUND: Caring is known to be the essence of nursing but many health-care settings have become more culturally diverse. Caring has been examined mainly in the context of Western cultures. Muslims form one of the largest ethnic minority communities in Britain but to date, empirical studies relating to caring from an Islamic perspective is not well documented. Research conducted within the home of Islam would provide essential truths about the reality of caring for Muslim patients. DESIGN: Phenomenological descriptive. Methods. Six critical care nurses were interviewed from a hospital in Saudi Arabia. The narratives were analysed using Colaizzi's framework. RESULTS: The meaning of the nurses' experiences emerged as three themes: family and kinship ties, cultural and religious influences and nurse-patient relationship. The results indicated the importance of the role of the family and religion in providing care. In the process of caring, the participants felt stressed and frustrated and they all experienced emotional labour. Communicating with the patients and the families was a constant battle and this acted as a further stressor in meeting the needs of their patients. CONCLUSIONS: The concept of the family and the importance and meaning of religion and culture were central in the provision of caring. The beliefs and practices of patients who follow Islam, as perceived by expatriate nurses, may have an effect on the patient's health care in ways that are not apparent to many health-care professionals and policy makers internationally. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Readers should be prompted to reflect on their clinical practice and to understand the impact of religious and cultural differences in their encounters with patients of Islam denomination. Policy and all actions, decisions and judgments should be culturally derived. KW - Adult KW - Cultural Characteristics KW - Family KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Intensive Care Units KW - ISLAM KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Nurse-Patient Relations KW - Nursing Care KW - Religion and Medicine KW - SAUDI Arabia SP - 1565 EP - 1573 SN - 0962-1067 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/17118079 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8611 T1 - Nursing as a sign of hope and contradiction in the land of the children of Abraham JF - Nursing Science Quarterly JA - Nurs Sci Q M3 - 10.1177/0894318407306540 A1 - Baumann,Steven L VL - 20 IS - 4 PY - 2007/10// N1 -Israel, the Gaza Strip, and the West Bank share a small land area and the birthplace of three of the world’s great monotheistic religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It is a land of paradoxes: ancient and modern, religious and secular. Nursing in this unique geographic and historical place struggles with many of the same issues and challenges facing nursing in other modern countries, but it also shines with dramatic episodes of nursing’s ability to be a sign of hope and contradiction.
N2 - Israel, the Gaza Strip, and the West Bank share a small land area and the birthplace of three of the world's great monotheistic religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It is a land of paradoxes: ancient and modern, religious and secular. Nursing in this unique geographic and historical place struggles with many of the same issues and challenges facing nursing in other modern countries, but it also shines with dramatic episodes of nursing's ability to be a sign of hope and contradiction. KW - Christianity KW - Humans KW - Interpersonal Relations KW - ISLAM KW - Israel KW - Judaism KW - Middle East KW - Nursing Care KW - Politics SP - 370 EP - 371 SN - 0894-3184 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/17911335 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8612 T1 - Nursing with dignity. Part 1: Judaism JF - Nursing Times JA - Nurs Times A1 - Collins,Alisa VL - 98 IS - 9 PY - 2002/03/28/Feb -6 KW - Abortion, Induced KW - Autopsy KW - Blood Transfusion KW - Circumcision, Male KW - Contraception KW - Euthanasia KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Judaism KW - Sexuality SP - 34 EP - 35 SN - 0954-7762 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/11917391 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8613 T1 - Nursing with dignity. Part 2: Buddhism JF - Nursing Times JA - Nurs Times A1 - Northcott,Nigel VL - 98 IS - 10 PY - 2002/03/07/13 KW - Buddhism KW - Contraception KW - Diet KW - Euthanasia KW - mental health KW - Nursing KW - Terminal Care KW - Tissue and Organ Procurement SP - 36 EP - 38 SN - 0954-7762 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/11921622 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8614 T1 - Nursing with dignity. Part 3: Christianity I JF - Nursing Times JA - Nurs Times A1 - Christmas,Maxine VL - 98 IS - 11 PY - 2002/03/14/20 KW - African Americans KW - African Continental Ancestry Group KW - Attitude to Health KW - Christianity KW - Cultural Diversity KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - NEEDS assessment KW - Religion and Medicine KW - State Medicine KW - Transcultural Nursing KW - West Indies SP - 37 EP - 39 SN - 0954-7762 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/11933807 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8615 T1 - Nursing with dignity. Part 4: Christianity II JF - Nursing Times JA - Nurs Times A1 - Papadopoulos,Irena VL - 98 IS - 12 PY - 2002/03/21/27 KW - Attitude to Health KW - Christianity KW - Cultural Diversity KW - Great Britain KW - Greece KW - Humans KW - Religion and Psychology KW - Transcultural Nursing SP - 36 EP - 37 SN - 0954-7762 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/11933782 ER - TY - JOUR ID - 8616 T1 - Nursing with dignity. Part 5: Rastafarianism JF - Nursing Times JA - Nurs Times A1 - Baxter,Carol VL - 98 IS - 13 PY - 2002/04/28/Mar -1 KW - Attitude to Health KW - Cultural Diversity KW - Ethiopia KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Jamaica KW - Religion and Psychology KW - Transcultural Nursing SP - 42 EP - 43 SN - 0954-7762 UR - http://