journalArticle Alves Rômulo Alves Humberto N. The faunal drugstore: Animal-based remedies used in traditional medicines in Latin America ABSTRACT: Zootherapy is the treatment of human ailments with remedies made from animals and their products. Despite its prevalence in traditional medical practices worldwide, research on this phenomenon has often been neglected in comparison to medicinal plant research. This review discusses some related aspects of the use of animal-based remedies in Latin America, identifies those species used as folk remedies, and discusses the implications of zootherapy for public health and biological conservation. The review of literature revealed that at least 584 animal species, distributed in 13 taxonomic categories, have been used in traditional medicine in region. The number of medicinal species catalogued was quite expansive and demonstrates the importance of zootherapy as an alternative mode of therapy in Latin America. Nevertheless, this number is certainly underestimated since the number of studies on the theme are very limited. Animals provide the raw materials for remedies prescribed clinically and are also used in the form of amulets and charms in magic-religious rituals and ceremonies. Zootherapeutic resources were used to treat different diseases. The medicinal fauna is largely based on wild animals, including some endangered species. Besides being influenced by cultural aspects, the relations between humans and biodiversity in the form of zootherapeutic practices are conditioned by the social and economic relations between humans themselves. Further ethnopharmacological studies are necessary to increase our understanding of the links between traditional uses of faunistic resources and conservation biology, public health policies, sustainable management of natural resources and bio-prospecting. 9 2011 The faunal drugstore http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21385357 2011-04-04 23:42:30 NCBI PubMed PMID: 21385357 Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 7 J Ethnobiol Ethnomed DOI 10.1186/1746-4269-7-9 ISSN 1746-4269 book Nova Science Publishers Deshmukh Vinod D. The Astonishing Brain and Holistic Consciousness: Neuroscience and Vedanta Perspectives 2011-04 ISBN 1613242956 The Astonishing Brain and Holistic Consciousness Amazon.com journalArticle Abdel-Khalek Ahmed M. ADJUSTMENT (Psychology) ISLAM mental health RESEARCH -- Methodology Islam and mental health: A few speculations. The author reflects on the studies conducted by various researchers on the relationship of Islam and mental health. It is being stressed by the author that there is a positive relation between religiosity and both mental and subjective well-being, and a negative association between religiosity and psychopathology. It adds that the similarities between monotheistic religions overshadow the differences regarding the association between religiosity and mental health. 87-92 February 2011 Islam and mental health EBSCOhost Mental Health, Religion & Culture 14 2 DOI 10.1080/13674676.2010.544867 ISSN 13674676 journalArticle Martin Shadi Sahami Aged Aged, 80 and over Cultural Characteristics Female Healthcare Disparities Holistic Health Humans Interviews as Topic Iran Male mental health Middle Aged Qualitative Research spirituality Transients and Migrants Illness of the mind or illness of the spirit? Mental health-related conceptualization and practices of older Iranian immigrants The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore whether the way mental health is conceptualized by older Iranian immigrants can influence their mental health-related practices. In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 Iranians who had immigrated to the United States after the age of 50. The findings from this study revealed that the older Iranian immigrants were reluctant to seek mental health care services in the United States.This resistance was largely attributed to the cultural differences in mental health conceptualization (language, definitions, and terminology) and lack of trust in the effectiveness ofpsychotropic medications. The findings of this study have implications for health and social service professionals who provide services to older immigrants, refugees, and minority populations whose mental health conceptualization may not be consistent with the biomedical model. 117-126 May 2009 Illness of the mind or illness of the spirit? 2011-02-23 00:11:20 NCBI PubMed PMID: 19425341 Health & Social Work 34 2 Health Soc Work ISSN 0360-7283 journalArticle Rosch Paul J Complementary Therapies Electromagnetic Phenomena Heart Rate Humans Inflammation Qi Stress, Psychological Vagus Nerve Bioelectromagnetic and subtle energy medicine: the interface between mind and matter The concept of a "life energy" can be found in many cultures in the present time, as well as in past eras reaching back to the ancients. Variously called qi (chi), ki, the "four humors,"prana, "archaeus,""cosmic aether,""universal fluid,""animal magnetism," and "odic force," among other names, this purported biofield is beginning to yield its properties and interactions to the scientific method. Subtle energy is the term used in this chapter, which traces the recent history of subtle energy studies from Harold Saxton Burr and Björn Nordenström to Jim Oschman and Jacques Benveniste. This work takes signaling in living systems from the chemical/molecular to the physical/atomic level of communication. Effects on heart rate variability, stress response, inflammation, and the vagus nerve have been demonstrated and raise the question--Can the power of subtle energies be harnessed for health enhancement? It is fully accepted that good health depends on good communication both within the organism and between the organism and its environment. Sophisticated imaging procedures brought to bear on telomere, stem cell, and genetic research are confirming the ability of meditation and some other traditional practices to promote optimal health through stress reduction. 297-311 Aug 2009 Bioelectromagnetic and subtle energy medicine 2009-09-26 19:41:25 NCBI PubMed PMID: 19735252 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1172 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04535.x ISSN 1749-6632 journalArticle Dhondup Lobsang Husted Cynthia Tibetan Medicine and Regeneration Multiple sclerosis is given as an example of how Tibetan medicine treats disease with its understanding of the interplay of the five elements, three humors, and their qualities and locations. The three-humor interpretation agrees with the microscopic three-humor description of demyelination. Treatments to promote regeneration include complementary medicine. 115-122 08/2009 http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04500.x Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1172 1 DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04500.x ISSN 00778923 journalArticle Abu Raiya Hisham Pargament Kenneth I. Coping Behavior empirical research mental health MUSLIMS positive religious coping Psychological Assessment psychological measures Psychotherapy religion religious struggle religiously integrated psychotherapy stigma Religiously integrated psychotherapy with Muslim clients: From research to practice. In this paper, we attempt to translate empirical findings from a program of research that developed a Psychological Measure of Islamic Religiousness (PMIR) into practical clinical applications. The findings from this program of research are complemented and illuminated by findings from other empirical research and clinical work with Muslims. Our recommendations can be summarized as follows. First, clinicians should inquire directly about the place of religion in the lives of their Muslim clients. Second, mental health professionals should ask about what Islam means to their clients and educate themselves about basic Islamic beliefs and practices. Third, clinicians should help their Muslim clients draw on Islamic positive religious coping methods to deal with stressors. Fourth, we recommend that clinicians assess for religious struggles, normalize them, help clients find satisfying solutions to these struggles and, if appropriate, refer clients who struggle to a Muslim pastoral counselor or religious leader. Finally, in order to overcome stigma associated with mental health issues, mental health professionals should educate the Islamic public about psychology, psychopathology, and psychotherapy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved). (from the journal abstract) 181-188 April 2010 Religiously integrated psychotherapy with Muslim clients 2010-06-15 14:05:26 EBSCOhost Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 41 2 DOI 10.1037/a0017988 ISSN 0735-7028 journalArticle Mental Health, Religion & Culture 12 8 DOI 10.1080/13674670903020889 ISSN 13674676 Anand Jyoti Faith healing HINDU philosophy KARMA MENTAL representation Psychological healing and faith in the doctrine of Karma. The doctrine of Karma enjoys wide acceptance by all cross-sections of the Hindu population. The doctrine is frequently invoked while seeking explanations for various life crises. This study is an effort to delineate its role in the healing process. A narrative study was conducted on middle-to-late age women who had undergone major life crises. Their narratives threw light on how these women used this doctrine to make sense of their suffering and readapt to the changed reality. The belief in the doctrine facilitated acceptance of and emergence from their tragic life events. It was concluded that more systematic work is required to understand the mental representation of the doctrine and its various tenets, which affect the healing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] 817-832 December 2009 http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.bu.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pbh&AN=45427285&site=ehost-live&scope=site 2009-12-31 16:27:24 EBSCOhost journalArticle Lucchetti Giancarlo Lucchetti Alessandra L Granero Bassi Rodrigo M Nobre Marlene Rossi Severino Complementary spiritist therapy: systematic review of scientific evidence Spiritism is the third most common religion in Brazil, and its therapies have been used by millions worldwide. These therapies are based on therapeutic resources including prayer, laying on of hands, fluidotherapy (magnetized water), charity/volunteering, spirit education/moral values, and disobsession (spirit release therapy). This paper presents a systematic review of the current literature on the relationship among health outcomes and 6 predictors: prayer, laying on of hands, magnetized/fluidic water, charity/volunteering, spirit education (virtuous life and positive affect), and spirit release therapy. All articles were analyzed according to inclusion/exclusion criteria, Newcastle-Ottawa and Jadad score. At present, there is moderate to strong evidence that volunteering and positive affect are linked to better health outcomes. Furthermore, laying on of hands, virtuous life, and praying for oneself also seem to be associated to positive findings. Nevertheless, there is a lack of studies on magnetized water and spirit release therapy. In summary, science is indirectly demonstrating that some of these therapies can be associated to better health outcomes and that other therapies have been overlooked or poorly investigated. Further studies in this field could contribute to the disciplines of Complementary and Alternative Medicine by investigating the relationship between body, mind, and soul/spirit. 835945 2011 Complementary spiritist therapy http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21687790 2011-07-13 22:11:45 NCBI PubMed PMID: 21687790 Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine: eCAM 2011 Evid Based Complement Alternat Med DOI 10.1155/2011/835945 ISSN 1741-4288 journalArticle Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1172 1 DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04413.x ISSN 00778923 Wicker Jordan Kamler Kenneth Current Concepts in Limb Regeneration This review covers historical perspectives of regeneration biology and current research regarding human extremity tissue regeneration. With a greater understanding of the mechanisms involved in regeneration, cognitive-behavioral practices such as meditation and yoga may assist in achieving regeneration. 95-109 08/2009 2011-02-04 15:44:51 CrossRef book I.B. Tauris Dawson Andrew Summoning the spirits: possession and invocation in contemporary religion ISBN 9781848851627 journalArticle Posadzki Paul Jacques Samantha Chronic Disease Coronary Disease Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Holistic Health Humans Meditation Mind-Body Therapies Musculoskeletal Diseases Pain Self Efficacy Stress, Psychological Tai Ji Tai chi and meditation: A conceptual (re)synthesis? The aim of this article is to review the literature on Tai Chi and meditation. A coherent construct is developed that includes a comparative analysis and conceptual synthesis of existing theories. The authors discuss a set of assumptions that justify this synthesis; they also argue that this construct would facilitate greater understanding of Tai Chi from the perspective of meditation. Such synthesis may bring "additional" benefits to Tai Chi practitioners as they could recognize that this mind-body technique holds the essence of meditation. Within the scope of this article, the evidence shows a majority of common features when concerning Tai Chi and meditation. These mutual similarities should be taken into account when performing this type of mind-body medicine by patients and/or therapists. Finally, the authors suggest that this inspiring compilation of movements and mindfulness can be used for practical purposes. 103-114 Jun 2009 Tai chi and meditation 2011-02-23 00:08:07 NCBI PubMed PMID: 19443697 Journal of Holistic Nursing: Official Journal of the American Holistic Nurses' Association 27 2 J Holist Nurs DOI 10.1177/0898010108330807 ISSN 0898-0101 book Routledge South Asian Religion Series Routledge Ferrari Fabrizio Health and Religious Rituals in South Asia: Disease, Possession and Healing 1 2010-06-15 ISBN 0415561450 Health and Religious Rituals in South Asia Amazon.com journalArticle Bazzano Manu The Buddha as a fully functioning person: toward a person-centered perspective on mindfulness The paper explores links between the person-centered approach (PCA) and meditation. It is divided into two parts. The first part begins with a description of the author's own experience of meditation. It is followed by a brief discussion of other approaches which similarly attempt the integration of meditation and psychotherapy: mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, transpersonal and psychodynamic models, and by what might constitute an alternative paradigm, one based on phenomenological principles which are central to the PCA. The second part outlines interviews and findings of a small-scale heuristic and phenomenological research (originally part of a dissertation) conducted among person-centered therapists who regularly practice meditation. Meditation is tentatively realized as a way of increasing organismic and phenomenological awareness, of cultivating and refining a way of being, of fostering a re-sacralization of the everyday and a greater appreciation of the existential dilemma of being human. 116-128 06/2011 The Buddha as a fully functioning person http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14779757.2011.576560 2011-07-14 21:20:07 CrossRef Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies 10 2 Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies DOI 10.1080/14779757.2011.576560 ISSN 1477-9757 journalArticle Hart Curtis W Div M Present at the creation: the clinical pastoral movement and the origins of the dialogue between religion and psychiatry The contemporary dialogue between religion and psychiatry has its roots in what is called the clinical pastoral movement. The early leaders of the clinical pastoral movement (Anton Boisen, Elwood Worcester, Helen Flanders Dunbar, and Richard Cabot) were individuals of talent, even genius, whose lives and work intersected one another in the early decades of the twentieth century. Their legacy endures in the persons they inspired and continue to inspire and in the professional organizations and academic programs that profit from their pioneering work. To understand them and the era of their greatest productivity is to understand some of what psychiatry and religion have to say to each other. Appreciating their legacy requires attention to the context of historical movements and forces current in America at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century that shaped religious, psychiatric, and cultural discourse. This essay attempts to provide an introduction to this rich and fascinating material. This material was first presented as a Grand Rounds lecture at The New York Presbyterian Hospital, Payne Whitney Westchester in the Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College. 536-546 Dec 2010 Present at the creation http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/20300962 2011-01-19 00:03:10 NCBI PubMed PMID: 20300962 Journal of Religion and Health 49 4 J Relig Health DOI 10.1007/s10943-010-9347-6 ISSN 1573-6571 journalArticle Journal of Religion and Health 50 1 J Relig Health DOI 10.1007/s10943-010-9320-4 ISSN 1573-6571 Wardlaw Margaret P American medicine as religious practice: care of the sick as a sacred obligation and the unholy descent into secularization Modern medicine serves a religious function for modern Americans as a conduit through which science can be applied directly to the human body. The first half of this paper will focus on the theoretical foundations for viewing medicine as a religious practice arguing that just as a hierarchical structured authoritarian church historically mediated access to God, contemporary Western medicine provides a conduit by which the universalizable truths of science can be applied to the human being thereby functioning as a new established religion. I will then illustrate the many parallels between medicine and religion through an analysis of rituals and symbols surrounding and embedded within the modern practice of medicine. This analysis will pay special attention to the primacy placed on secret interior knowledge of the human body. I will end by responding to the hope for a "secularization of American medicine," exploring some of the negative consequences of secularization, and arguing that, rather than seeking to secularize, American medicine should strive to use its religious features to offer hope and healing to the sick, in keeping with its historically religious legacy. 62-74 Mar 2011 American medicine as religious practice http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20094797 2011-04-04 23:48:36 NCBI PubMed PMID: 20094797 book Epistemologies of Healing New York Berghahn Books Adams Vincanne Schrempf Mona Craig Sienna R. Medicine between science and religion: explorations on Tibetan grounds 2010 ISBN 9781845457587 journalArticle Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 6 1 J Ethnobiol Ethnomed DOI 10.1186/1746-4269-6-1 ISSN 1746-4269 Mafimisebi Taiwo E Oguntade Adegboyega E Preparation and use of plant medicines for farmers' health in Southwest Nigeria: socio-cultural, magico-religious and economic aspects ABSTRACT: Agrarian rural dwellers in Nigeria produce about 95% of locally grown food commodities. The low accessibility to and affordability of orthodox medicine by rural dwellers and their need to keep healthy to be economically productive, have led to their dependence on traditional medicine. This paper posits an increasing acceptance of traditional medicine country-wide and advanced reasons for this trend. The fact that traditional medicine practitioners' concept of disease is on a wider plane vis-a-vis orthodox medicine practitioners' has culminated in some socio-cultural and magico-religious practices observed in preparation and use of plant medicines for farmers' health management. Possible scientific reasons were advanced for some of these practices to show the nexus between traditional medicine and orthodox medicine. The paper concludes that the psychological aspect of traditional medicine are reflected in its socio-cultural and magico-religious practices and suggests that government should fund research into traditional medicine to identify components of it that can be integrated into the national health system. 1 Jan 20, 2010 Preparation and use of plant medicines for farmers' health in Southwest Nigeria 2010-01-23 16:55:32 NCBI PubMed PMID: 20089149 <p>Agrarian rural dwellers in Nigeria produce about 95% of locally grown food commodities. The low accessibility to and affordability of orthodox medicine by rural dwellers and their need to keep healthy to be economically productive, have led to their dependence on traditional medicine. This paper posits an increasing acceptance of traditional medicine country-wide and advanced reasons for this trend. The fact that traditional medicine practitioners' concept of disease is on a wider plane vis-à-vis orthodox medicine practitioners' has culminated in some socio-cultural and magico-religious practices observed in preparation and use of plant medicines for farmers' health management. Possible scientific reasons were advanced for some of these practices to show the nexus between traditional medicine and orthodox medicine. The paper concludes that the psychological aspect of traditional medicine are reflected in its socio-cultural and magico-religious practices and suggests that government should fund research into traditional medicine to identify components of it that can be integrated into the national health system.</p> journalArticle Coker Elizabeth M Claiming the Public Soul: Representations of Qur'anic Healing and Psychiatry in the Egyptian Print Media Egyptian society is engaged in a culture-wide debate over definitions of abnormality, local constructions of which are rooted in ideas about the body and the soul in relation to society as a whole. This is reflected in the continuing recourse to religious healers or texts, as well as in heated debates over the moral, social, religious and legal status of religious healers, in particular the relatively recent and more orthodox "Qur'anic healers." The present study used a primarily qualitative analysis of Egyptian newspaper articles to explore media portrayals of this debate with a focus on how these contradictory cultural themes are situated and contested. The results show that psychiatric hegemony is reflected in media language that gives primacy to certain discourses over others, but that religious healing and religion in general exert an equal, if not more powerful influence on the form of these media portrayals. Different strategies used to negotiate the tensions between Qur'anic healing and psychiatry by those on both sides of the argument come across in the ways these arguments are portrayed in the media. 672-694 Dec 2009 Claiming the Public Soul http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/20028683 2009-12-28 19:30:33 NCBI PubMed PMID: 20028683 Transcultural Psychiatry 46 4 Transcult Psychiatry DOI 10.1177/1363461509351390 ISSN 1461-7471 journalArticle Posadzki Paul Parekh Sheetal O'Driscoll Marie-Luce Mucha Dariusz Qi Gong's relationship to educational kinesiology: A qualitative approach This paper qualitatively reviews two complementary therapies; Qi Gong and educational kinesiology (EK). It is being suggested that Qi Gong and EK may be united through a qualitative convergence and a shared underlying concept. The authors hypothesize that a coherent rationale can be formed through this conceptual synthesis and propose that to some extent Qi Gong movements and EK can be considered to work in unison with each other. The logical synthesis of these two therapies is being presented to identify Qi Gong movements with concepts of brain gymnastics and also to explain how this new construct can be developed and implemented into practice. When verified, this hypothesis will allow individuals to better understand Chinese health exercises from the modern science perspective such as neuroanatomy, neurophysiology and psychoneuroimmunology. 73-79 Jan 2010 Qi Gong's relationship to educational kinesiology 2010-01-29 16:52:46 NCBI PubMed PMID: 20006292 Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 14 1 J Bodyw Mov Ther DOI 10.1016/j.jbmt.2008.11.002 ISSN 1532-9283 journalArticle Mavundla Thandisizwe Redford Netswera Fulufelo Godfrey Bottoman Brian Toth Ferenc Rationalization of indigenous male circumcision as a sacred religious custom: health beliefs of Xhosa men in South Africa This article presents research findings based on the meaning of indigenous circumcision to Xhosa men in South Africa. In South Africa, male circumcision is a rite of passage from adolescence to adulthood. The country has experienced serious problems associated with the practice of this rite ranging from dehydration to death in the traditional "bush" circumcision schools. A qualitative, endogenous research DESIGN: "How do you experience having a son who is undergoing the circumcision rite?" The study revealed cultural circumcision as a "sacred religious practice" with five themes, namely (a) readiness of Xhosa families to engage in the circumcision ritual, (b) the act of circumcision and preparation for manhood, (c) the importance of symbolic purity during the circumcision ritual, (d) celebrating acquired manhood, and (5) aspects of manhood and the rejection of clinical care. Secondary to this are health promotion recommendations made for individuals involved in this ritual. 395-404 Oct 2009 Rationalization of indigenous male circumcision as a sacred religious custom http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19587214 2009-10-20 00:35:49 NCBI PubMed PMID: 19587214 Journal of Transcultural Nursing: Official Journal of the Transcultural Nursing Society 20 4 J Transcult Nurs DOI 10.1177/1043659609340801 ISSN 1043-6596 <p>This article presents research findings based on the meaning of indigenous circumcision to Xhosa men in South Africa. In South Africa, male circumcision is a rite of passage from adolescence to adulthood. The country has experienced serious problems associated with the practice of this rite ranging from dehydration to death in the traditional "bush" circumcision schools. A qualitative, endogenous research DESIGN: "How do you experience having a son who is undergoing the circumcision rite?" The study revealed cultural circumcision as a "sacred religious practice" with five themes, namely (a) readiness of Xhosa families to engage in the circumcision ritual, (b) the act of circumcision and preparation for manhood, (c) the importance of symbolic purity during the circumcision ritual, (d) celebrating acquired manhood, and (5) aspects of manhood and the rejection of clinical care. Secondary to this are health promotion recommendations made for individuals involved in this ritual.</p> journalArticle Sharpnack Patricia A. Griffin Mary T. Quinn Benders Alison M. Fitzpatrick Joyce J. Spiritual and alternative healthcare practices of the Amish Although the use of spiritual and alternative healthcare practices is increasing, knowledge of these practices among the Amish is limited. This study explored the spiritual and healthcare practices of 134 Amish. Information about the diversity and prevalence of these practices among the Amish may be useful to nurses in practice. 64-72 2010 Mar-Apr 2010-03-23 00:17:27 NCBI PubMed PMID: 20186016 Holistic Nursing Practice 24 2 Holist Nurs Pract DOI 10.1097/HNP.0b013e3181d39ade ISSN 1550-5138 journalArticle Religion Compass 3 6 DOI 10.1111/j.1749-8171.2009.00171.x Newcombe Suzanne The Development of Modern Yoga: A Survey of the Field Yoga is now found in urban centres and rural retreats across the world as well as in its historical home in the Indian subcontinent. What is now practiced as yoga across the globe has a long history of transnational intercultural exchange and has been considered by some as an outgrowth of Neo-Hinduism. Although the popularisation of yoga is often cited in theories about 'Easternization' or the 're-enchantment' of the West since the late 20th century, most of these theories make little reference to the growing number of historical, sociological and anthropological studies of modern yoga. This article will consider how the apparent dichotomy between yoga as a physical fitness activity (often termed 'hatha yoga') and/or as a 'spiritual practice' developed historically and discuss recent trends in the research. 986-1002 December 2009 The Development of Modern Yoga http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/10.1111/j.1749-8171.2009.00171.x 2009-12-17 18:09:31 Wiley InterScience journalArticle Journal of Religion and Health 49 4 J Relig Health DOI 10.1007/s10943-009-9285-3 ISSN 1573-6571 George Titus My Ishvara is dead: spiritual care on the fringes Human suffering speaks differently to different lived contexts. In this paper, I have taken a metaphoric representation of suffering, Ishvara, from the lived context of a Hindu immigrant woman to show that suffering is experienced and expressed within one's lived context. Further, a dominant narrative from her world is presented to show that the same lived context can be a resource for spiritual care that could reconstruct her world that has fallen apart with a suffering experience. Having argued that suffering is experienced and expressed within one's lived context, and that lived context could be a resource, in this paper I present that spiritual care is an intervention into the predicaments of human suffering and its mandate is to facilitate certain direction and a meaningful order through which experiences and expectations are rejoined. Finally, I observe that spiritual care is an engagement between the lived context where suffering is experienced and the spiritual experience and orientation of the caregiver. 581-590 Dec 2010 My Ishvara is dead 2011-01-19 00:03:37 NCBI PubMed PMID: 19787453 book Weinheim; Chichester Wiley-VCH Soreq H Stress : from molecules to behaviour : a comprehensive analysis of the neurobiology of stress responses 2009 ISBN 9783527323746 journalArticle Vuckovic Nancy Schneider Jennifer Williams Louise A. Ramirez Michelle Chronic pain QUALITATIVE research Shamanism Spiritual healing TMD transformational experience Journey Into Healing: The Transformative Experience of Shamanic Healing on Women With Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Objective To evaluate participants' perceptions of illness, healing process, and experience of effects from shamanic treatment as reported from in-depth interviews.Theoretical Framework Consistent with a whole systems research model, qualitative methods were used to evaluate the outcomes and experiences of clinical trial participants. Quantitative results are reported elsewhere.Method Twenty participants completed five visits with a randomly assigned shamanic practitioner and completed pretreatment and posttreatment in-depth interviews conducted by trained, qualitative researchers.Context Some physical and psychological symptoms associated with temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) may be indicative of the shamanic definition of soul loss. Because this was the first clinical trial of shamanic healing for TMD pain, a mixed-methods approach enabled researchers to capture a wide range of participants' experiences.Participants Eligible volunteers were women aged between 25 to 55 years, naive to shamanic healing, with a confirmed diagnosis of TMD and a pain level of three or higher on the Research Diagnostic Criteria Axis II questionnaire.Data Collection For consistency, interviewers followed a guide that allowed individual experiences to emerge. Interviews lasted about one hour, were recorded, and professionally transcribed.Analysis and Interpretation Following standard qualitative analysis procedures, researchers developed and applied thematic codes to transcribed text of interviews. Coded text was reviewed to generate summaries of thematic content.Main Results Although participants described physical changes, three times as much text was devoted to changes in self-awareness, capacity for coping, improvement in relationships, and taking better care of themselves. Their experience describes a process of transformation. 371-379 November http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B7MF9-51BY623-B/2/1446fb4026902b55074f16f8537653a8 2010-12-14 01:35:37 EXPLORE: The Journal of Science and Healing 6 6 DOI 10.1016/j.explore.2010.08.005 ISSN 1550-8307 journalArticle Pandikumar P Chellappandian M Mutheeswaran S Ignacimuthu S Consensus of local knowledge on medicinal plants among traditional healers in Mayiladumparai block of Theni District, Tamil Nadu, India AIM OF THE STUDY The role of ethnobotany in drug discovery is huge but there are criticisms over such studies due to their qualitative nature. The present study is aimed at quantitatively abstracting the medicinal plant knowledge of the healers trained in traditional ways, in Mayiladumparai block of Theni District, Tamil Nadu, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS The interviews and field observations were carried out in all the 18 village panchayaths from January to June 2010, consisting of 148 field days. The interviews were conducted with 80 traditional healers, after obtaining prior informed consent. Successive free listing was used to interview the informants. The informant consensus factor (F(ic)) was calculated to estimate the use variability of medicinal plants. Fidelity index and Cultural importance index were also calculated to analyze the data. RESULTS This study recorded the ethno-medicinal usage of 142 ethno-species belonging to 62 families that were used to prepare 504 formulations. Jaundice had the highest F(ic) value than all the illness categories studied. Phyllanthus spp. was the highly cited medicinal plant to treat jaundice and had high fidelity index value. This was followed by Senna angustifolia and Terminalia chebula as laxatives. The highly cited medicinal plants in each group with high F(ic) value were Pongamia pinnata (antiseptic), Aerva lanata (antidote and snakebite), Blepharis maderaspatensis (cuts and wounds), Abutilon indicum (hemorrhoids), Ruta graveolens (spiritual medicine), Ocimum tenuiflorum (cough), and Solanum trilobatum (pulmonary ailments). Phyllanthus spp., was the most culturally significant species according to this index, followed by Borassus flebellifer. CONCLUSION The process of drug discovery has become highly expensive and post-approval and post-marketing withdrawal of drugs is continuing. In such scenario, reverse pharmacology is considered an attractive option. The medicinal plants enumerated in this study with high number of citations and high F(ic) values for illness categories might give some useful leads for further biomedical research. 354-362 Mar 24, 2011 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21193023 2011-04-04 23:48:36 NCBI PubMed PMID: 21193023 Journal of Ethnopharmacology 134 2 J Ethnopharmacol DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2010.12.027 ISSN 1872-7573 book London Routledge Doron Assa Health, culture and religion in South Asia: critical social science perspectives 2009 ISBN 9780415556095 journalArticle Transcultural Psychiatry 46 4 Transcult Psychiatry DOI 10.1177/1363461509351366 ISSN 1461-7471 Mistry Himanshu Bhugra Dinesh Chaleby Kutaiba Khan Farooq Sauer Justin Veiled communication: is uncovering necessary for psychiatric assessment? Facial expressions are significant to decipher information during a dialogue and more so in a clinical consultation. Veils (Niqab) worn by Muslim women may pose a clinical dilemma for the psychiatric assessment especially if clinicians are not aware of their religious significance. To investigate whether clinical judgment is affected if full facial expressions are not accessible, we conducted an email survey of psychiatrists and psychologists across the world who frequently work in these situations. Of 25 colleagues contacted 16 responded and 11 of them agreed for their comments to be included in the study. Nine out of 11 believed clinical assessment may be compromised, although respondents were aware of cultural sensitivity around the issue. Two out of 11 however, felt fully able to assess the mental state of a veiled woman. Some professionals reported that they feel unable to assess or treat if the request to take the veil off is declined. This small survey demonstrates the diverse opinions on whether unveiling is necessary for psychiatric assessment. Further qualitative examination of this area is needed to develop wider consensus and guidance to mental health care professionals who may be dealing with these groups. 642-650 Dec 2009 Veiled communication http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/20028681 2009-12-28 19:30:55 NCBI PubMed PMID: 20028681 journalArticle Carlisle Sandra Henderson Gregor Hanlon Phil W 'Wellbeing': a collateral casualty of modernity? In the now vast empirical and theoretical literature on wellbeing knowledge of the subject is provided mainly by psychology and economics, where understanding of the concept are framed in very different ways. We briefly rehearse these, before turning to some important critical points which can be made about this burgeoning research industry, including the tight connections between the meanings of the concept with the moral value systems of particular 'modern' societies. We then argue that both the 'science' of wellbeing and its critique are, despite their diversity, re-connected by and subsumed within the emerging environmental critique of modern consumer society. This places concerns for individual and social wellbeing within the broader context of global human problems and planetary wellbeing. A growing number of thinkers now suggest that Western society and culture are dominated by materialistic and individualistic values, made manifest at the political and social levels through the unending pursuit of economic growth, and at the individual level by the seemingly endless quest for consumer goods, regardless of global implications such as broader environmental harms. The escalating growth of such values is associated with a growing sense of individual alienation, social fragmentation and civic disengagement and with the decline of more spiritual, moral and ethical aspects of life. Taken together, these multiple discourses suggest that wellbeing can be understood as a collateral casualty of the economic, social and cultural changes associated with late modernity. However, increasing concerns for the environment have the potential to counter some of these trends, and in so doing could also contribute to our wellbeing as individuals and as social beings in a finite world. 1556-1560 Nov 2009 'Wellbeing' http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19765875 2009-11-24 00:39:44 NCBI PubMed PMID: 19765875 Social Science & Medicine 69 10 Soc Sci Med DOI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.08.029 ISSN 1873-5347 book Santa Barbara Calif. Praeger Winkelman Michael Shamanism : a biopsychosocial paradigm of consciousness and healing 2nd ed. 2010 ISBN 9780313381812 journalArticle Social Science & Medicine (1982) 72 8 Soc Sci Med DOI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.02.036 ISSN 1873-5347 Bryant Louise D. Ahmed Shenaz Ahmed Mushtaq Jafri Hussain Raashid Yasmin 'All is done by Allah'. Understandings of Down syndrome and prenatal testing in Pakistan Understanding the psychosocial impact of a congenital condition such as Down syndrome on affected individuals and their family requires an understanding of the cultural context in which they are situated. This study carried out in 2008 used Q-Methodology to characterize understandings of Down syndrome (DS) in Pakistan in a sample of health professionals, researchers and parents of children with the condition. Fifty statements originally developed for a UK study and translated into Urdu were Q-sorted by 60 participants. The use of factor analytic techniques identified three independent accounts and qualitative data collected during the Q-sorting exercise supported their interpretation. In two accounts, the 'will of God' was central to an understanding of the existence of people with DS although perceptions about the value and quality of life of the affected individual differed significantly between these accounts as did views about the impact on the family. The third account privileged a more 'scientific worldview' of DS as a genetic abnormality but also a belief that society can further contribute to disabling those affected. Attitudes towards prenatal testing and termination of pregnancy demonstrated that a belief in the will of Allah was not necessarily associated with a rejection of these technologies. Accounts reflect the religious, cultural and economic context of Pakistan and issues associated with raising a child with a learning disability in that country. 1393-1399 Apr 2011 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21470731 2011-05-09 23:05:24 NCBI PubMed PMID: 21470731 journalArticle Zahn Roland Moll Jorge Paiva Mirella Garrido Griselda Krueger Frank Huey Edward D Grafman Jordan Adult Altruism Brain Female Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted Individuality Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Morals Neural Pathways Prosencephalon Reaction Time Reward Social Values Temporal Lobe The neural basis of human social values: evidence from functional MRI Social values are composed of social concepts (e.g., "generosity") and context-dependent moral sentiments (e.g., "pride"). The neural basis of this intricate cognitive architecture has not been investigated thus far. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging while subjects imagined their own actions toward another person (self-agency) which either conformed or were counter to a social value and were associated with pride or guilt, respectively. Imagined actions of another person toward the subjects (other-agency) in accordance with or counter to a value were associated with gratitude or indignation/anger. As hypothesized, superior anterior temporal lobe (aTL) activity increased with conceptual detail in all conditions. During self-agency, activity in the anterior ventromedial prefrontal cortex correlated with pride and guilt, whereas activity in the subgenual cingulate solely correlated with guilt. In contrast, indignation/anger activated lateral orbitofrontal-insular cortices. Pride and gratitude additionally evoked mesolimbic and basal forebrain activations. Our results demonstrate that social values emerge from coactivation of stable abstract social conceptual representations in the superior aTL and context-dependent moral sentiments encoded in fronto-mesolimbic regions. This neural architecture may provide the basis of our ability to communicate about the meaning of social values across cultural contexts without limiting our flexibility to adapt their emotional interpretation. 276-283 Feb 2009 The neural basis of human social values http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18502730 2011-03-28 22:29:00 NCBI PubMed PMID: 18502730 Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y.: 1991) 19 2 Cereb. Cortex DOI 10.1093/cercor/bhn080 ISSN 1460-2199 journalArticle Barua Ven. Sreemat Swapan Kumar Cognitive Process: A Buddhist explanation of information process and its congruent reactions The author presents a Buddhist understanding of the cognitive process of incoming information, its circulation and its congruent reactions based on the Buddhist spiritual meditative tradition of South and Southeast Asia. He asserts that Buddha can be credited as the first cognitive psychologist who propounded one of the most comprehensive analytic systems of cognitive process with an ultimate aim of achieving an altered psychological state of positive change and equilibrium reaction. Abstract from a paper given at the Epilepsy, Brain and Mind conference in March 2010, in Prague, Czech Republic. 598 April 2010 65. Cognitive process 2010-05-07 18:59:14 ScienceDirect Epilepsy & Behavior 17 4 DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2010.01.090 ISSN 1525-5050 <p>Applies Buddhist philosophy to cognitive processes; positions BUddha as a cognitive psychologist meditation The author presents a Buddhist understanding of the cognitive process of incoming information, its circulation and its congruent reactions based on the Buddhist spiritual meditative tradition of South and Southeast Asia. He asserts that Buddha can be credited as the first cognitive psychologist who propounded one of the most comprehensive analytic systems of cognitive process with an ultimate aim of achieving an altered psychological state of positive change and equilibrium reaction. Abstract from a paper given at the Epilepsy, Brain and Mind conference in March 2010, in Prague, Czech Republic.</p> book Singing Dragon Sutherland Betty Chi for Children: A Practical Guide to Teaching Tai Chi and Qigong in Schools and the Community 2011-06-15 ISBN 1848190557 Chi for Children Amazon.com journalArticle Prabhakar S. Chopra J.S. Ayurvedic medicine in neurology Ayurvedic medicine in neurology S. Prabhakar, J.S. Chopra. Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Inst. of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India Ayurveda is a system of traditional medicine native to India and is considered a form of complementary alternative medicine in West. Ayurveda focuses on exercise, yoga, meditation, massage in addition to medication. There is comprehensive treatment of neurological disorders in Ayurveda. Details will be discussed. Few of the commonly used Ayurvedic medicines are described. Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) is creeping herb commonly found throughout India. Its constituents include Alkaloids resembling strychnine in therapeutic action but less toxic. Bacopa extract contains Bacosideand B known since 5000 BC. It is used in Neurology as nerve tonic, for treatment of insanity and epilepsy. It has been mentioned to improve process of learning, restoring memory, enhancing power of speech and imagination. Bacopa was documented to exert antiamnesic effect on diazepam induced anterograde amnesia in mice by the author. Brahmi has anti-oxidant effect, improving activities of defense enzymes. It has anti-stress activity in rat. Bacopa protects against electric shock seizures and chemoconvulsion. Tulsi (Occimum sanctum) called Holy Basil in West is known for its religious / spiritual sanctity. Included in Rigveda – 5000 BC. It is known to protect and reduce stress, enhance stamina, boost immune system and lessen aging factor. It has antibiotic, antioxidant and antiepileptic properties. Guggulipid (Commiphora mukul) is used in stroke to treat hyperlipidaemia. It reduces cholesterol production in liver. Sarapgandha (Rauwolfia sarpantina), Dashmool and Ashwagandha are also used in management of stroke. Ashwagandha is also used in Epilepsy. Mucuna pruriens and Vicia fava beans (English dwarf beans) have long been used in Parkinson’s disease, as natural source of L-dopa S51-S52 October 2009 http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.bu.edu/science/article/B6T06-4XK3X1N-84/2/aa080d0ae3e1bd9d39a2d4b3031a8918 2009-11-06 01:35:36 ScienceDirect Journal of the Neurological Sciences 285 Supplement 1 DOI 10.1016/S0022-510X(09)70243-6 ISSN 0022-510X journalArticle Brotto Lori A. Mehak Lisa Kit Cassandra ASTANGA yoga Meditation PRANAYAMA SEX therapy SEXUAL disorders -- Alternative treatment YOGA -- Therapeutic use Yoga and Sexual Functioning: A Review Yoga is an ancient practice with Eastern roots that involves both physical postures (asanas) and breathing techniques (pranayamas). There is also a cognitive component focusing on meditation and concentration, which aids in achieving the goal of union between the self and the spiritual. Although numerous empirical studies have found a beneficial effect of yoga on different aspects of physical and psychological functioning, claims of yoga's beneficial effects on sexuality derive from a rich but nonempirical literature. The goal of this article is to review the philosophy and forms of yoga, to review the nonempirical and (limited) empirical literatures linking yoga with enhanced sexuality, and to propose some future research avenues focusinging on yoga as a treatment for sexual complaints. 378-390 October 2009 Yoga and Sexual Functioning http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.bu.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pbh&AN=44032289&site=ehost-live&scope=site 2009-10-22 17:11:56 EBSCOhost Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy 35 5 DOI 10.1080/00926230903065955 ISSN 0092623X journalArticle Ahammed Shaima Counseling Cross Cultural Counseling Metaphor Quran Religious Literature therapeutic tools Applying Qur’anic metaphors in counseling. In recent years there has been increased attention to the importance of appropriate and relevant counseling interventions with culturally and religiously diverse populations. In accordance with the fact that Muslims rely on Qur’anic verses when answering the larger questions of life, “metaphor therapy” comes across as a technique that counselors can employ with Muslim clients. Although several authors have suggested the use of therapeutic metaphors from various religious texts in a broad manner, relatively little has been published on the application of metaphors from the Qur’an in counseling. This article explains the value of Qur’anic metaphors as therapeutic tools in counseling. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract) 248-255 December 2010 EBSCOhost International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling 32 4 DOI 10.1007/s10447-010-9104-2 ISSN 0165-0653 book Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Press Fuller Robert Mesmerism and the American cure of souls 1982 ISBN 9780812278477 Open WorldCat book New York Oxford University Press Fuller Robert C 1960- Alternative medicine religion United States Alternative Medicine and American Religious Life 1989 ISBN 0195057759 library.bu.edu Library Catalog R733 .F85 1989 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">The late 1980s have seen an explosion of interest in an unconventional, and sometimes bizarre, set of practices and beliefs commonly called the New Age movement. Led by such visible figures as Shirley MacLaine, thousands of Americans have turned to a wide range of self-help methods and philosophies geared toward spiritual fulfillment and, particularly, healing of the body, including acupuncture, channeling, and crystals. What all these methods seem to have in common is an attempt to eschew conventional medical treatments, to move beyond the mysteries of the body to those of the psyche and soul. But as Robert C. Fuller demonstrates in this fascinating and surprising new book, such “alternative” forms of healing are nothing new in American culture. Going back to the early nineteenth century, Fuller asserts, Americans have relied on a bewildering assortment of unorthodox medical systems that represent a characteristically American strain of religious thought--a belief that spiritual, physical, and even economic well-being flow from an individual’s rapport with the cosmos. Drawing on a wealth of historical, psychological, and sociological information, Fuller’s story begins with such early health reforms as homeopathy, hydropathy, and Thomsonianism (which held that all disease was caused by cold and could be cured by heat). Though fairly conventional in outlook, they signaled the appearance of metaphysical elements that were destined to erupt in later movements. Fuller then looks at mesmerism and Swedenborgianism, which sprang up in the 1830s and 40s. Both of these movements were extremely popular in America, promising a triumph of piety and spirituality over the weaknesses of the body and mind, and changing the way thousands of Americans looked at modern medicine. Fuller traces this increasing metaphysical dimension, first in the early practices of osteopathic and chiropractic medicine, and then throughout the twentieth century in such varied and colorful systems as crystal healing, rolfing, spirit channeling, holistic health, and even Alcoholics Anonymous. Fuller argues that these healing movements have played an important role in American religious life, offering people a more vivid experience of a “sacred reality” than do most organized religions. His fascinating and sympathetic look at this thriving, and peculiarly American, mode of religion will interest a wide range of readers interested in American religious, cultural, and medical history.</p> book Durham, N.C Carolina Academic Press Falola Toyin Heaton Matthew M Africa Medical care Social medicine TRADITIONAL medicine Health Knowledge and Belief Systems in Africa 2008 ISBN 1594602433 library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog R651 .H43 2008 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Health care in sub-Saharan Africa is and will continue to be an issue of utmost importance in the twenty-first century. As the HIV/AIDS pandemic ravages the continent, the stakes heighten not only to provide effective and efficient health care to African communities, but also to disseminate knowledge about health-seeking behavior and to instill belief among people in the possibility of leading a healthy existence. Health Knowledge and Belief Systems in Africa raises questions and offers analysis on many issues related to how health and illness are understood by communities in Africa, as well as how health knowledge and beliefs are disseminated and utilized to provide health services to African populations. The chapters in this book derive from many different disciplinary approaches and cover regions across sub-Saharan Africa, thus offering a holistic glimpse at the knowledge and belief systems functioning in Africa and the ways that these systems contribute to health care access and delivery in the world’s most endangered continent.</p> book Baltimore York Press Imperato Pascal James Africa, West Bambara (African people) Medicine TRADITIONAL medicine African Folk Medicine: Practices and Beliefs of the Bambara and Other Peoples 1977 ISBN 0912752084 African Folk Medicine library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog DT551.42 .I46 <p>A study about culture and medicine in Mali, West Africa.</p> book New York Guilford Press Good Charles M Africa healing TRADITIONAL medicine Ethnomedical Systems in Africa: Patterns of Traditional Medicine in Rural and Urban Kenya 1987 ISBN 0898627796 Ethnomedical Systems in Africa library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog GR350 .G6 1987 book Paper books Johannesburg Ad. Donker Hammond-Tooke W. D Africa Religious life and customs Spirit possession Spiritual healing TRADITIONAL medicine Rituals and Medicines: Indigenous Healing in South Africa 1989 ISBN 0868521108 Rituals and Medicines library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog GR350 .H28 1989 journalArticle Lex Barbara W. The Context of Schizophrenia and Shamanism 191-192 Feb., 1984 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/644369 2009-11-09 04:51:22 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Feb., 1984 / Copyright © 1984 American Anthropological Association American Ethnologist 11 1 ISSN 00940496 book Studies in the anthropology of North American Indians Lincoln University of Nebraska Press Lewis Thomas H Medicine Oglala Indians Pine Ridge Indian Reservation (S.D.) Rites and ceremonies Social life and customs South Dakota Sun dance TRADITIONAL medicine The Medicine Men: Oglala Sioux Ceremony and Healing 1990 ISBN 0803228902 The Medicine Men library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog E99.O3 L49 1990 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">For the residents of the Pine Ridge reservation in South Dakota, mainstream medical care is often supplemented or replaced by a host of traditional practices: the&nbsp;Sun Dance, the yuwipi sing, the heyok’a ceremony, herbalism, the Sioux Religion, the peyotism of the Native American Church, and other medicines, or sources of healing. Thomas H. Lewis, a psychiatrist and medical anthropologist, describes those practices as he encountered them in the late 1960s and early 1970s. During many months he studied with leading practitioners. He describes the healers—their techniques, personal histories and qualities, the problems addressed and results obtained—and examines past as well as present practices. The result is an engrossing account that may profoundly affect the way readers view the dynamics of therapy for mind and body.</p> book New York Zone Books Kuriyama Shigehisa Greek World History Human body MEDICINE, Chinese Medicine, Chinese Traditional Medicine, Greek and Roman Mind-Body Relations (Metaphysics) Philosophy Philosophy, Medical Social aspects The Expressiveness of the Body and the Divergence of Greek and Chinese Medicine 1999 ISBN 0942299884 library.bu.edu Library Catalog R723 .K87 1999 journalArticle Zollman Catherine Vickers Andrew ABC of Complementary Medicine: What Is Complementary Medicine? 693-696 Sep. 11, 1999 ABC of Complementary Medicine http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/25185762 2009-11-09 04:21:00 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Sep. 11, 1999 / Copyright © 1999 BMJ Publishing Group BMJ: British Medical Journal 319 7211 ISSN 09598138 book New York Macmillan Sullivan Lawrence Healing and restoring : health and medicine in the world's religious traditions 1989 ISBN 9780029237915 Healing and restoring Open WorldCat book Cambridge Cambridge University Press Bowker John Problems of suffering in religions of the world. 1970 ISBN 9780521074124 Open WorldCat <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">A comparative general study of the problems of suffering as treated by Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Marxism, Zoroastrianism, Hinduism and Buddhism.</p> book Chicago, Ill American Medical Association Fontanarosa Phil B Alternative medicine Alternative Medicine: An Objective Assessment 2000 ISBN 1579470025 Alternative Medicine library.bu.edu Library Catalog book Wiley series on health psychology/behavioral medicine New York Wiley Sheikh Anees A Sheikh Katharina S Cross-Cultural Comparison Medicine and psychology Medicine, Ayurvedic Medicine, Oriental Medicine, Oriental Traditional Mind and body Psychiatry Psychiatry, Transcultural Psychology Psychotherapy Eastern and Western Approaches to Healing: Ancient Wisdom and Modern Knowledge 1989 ISBN 0471628905 Eastern and Western Approaches to Healing library.bu.edu Library Catalog R726.5 .E27 1989 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">This book surveys the various approaches to health care as defined by the major Eastern and Western philosophies. Contains comments on the effect Eastern thought has had on Western medicine and psychology.</p> journalArticle BMJ: British Medical Journal 319 7216 ISSN 09598138 Vickers Andrew Zollman Catherine ABC of Complementary Medicine: Herbal Medicine 1050-1053 Oct. 16, 1999 ABC of Complementary Medicine http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/25186102 2009-11-09 05:28:08 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Oct. 16, 1999 / Copyright © 1999 BMJ Publishing Group book New Haven Yale University Press Spiro Howard M Curnen Mary G. McCrea Wandel Lee Palmer Yale University Goethe-Institut (Boston, Mass.) Death Ethics, Professional Moral and ethical aspects Psychological aspects Religion and Medicine Religious aspects Terminal Care Terminally Ill Facing Death: Where Culture, Religion, and Medicine Meet 1996 ISBN 0300063490 Facing Death library.bu.edu Library Catalog <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">This book brings together health professionals and distinguished authorities in the humanities to reflect on medical, cultural, and religious responses to death. Physicians and other caregivers describe their experiences witnessing death, and theologians, historians, anthropologists, literary scholars, and pastors tell how other cultures and religions perceive death and mourn. For medical personnel and for patients, this collection affirms that death is less an adversary than a defining part of life.</p> journalArticle BMJ: British Medical Journal 319 7224 ISSN 09598138 Zollman Catherine Vickers Andrew ABC of Complementary Medicine: Complementary Medicine and the Doctor 1558-1561 Dec. 11, 1999 ABC of Complementary Medicine http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/25186616 2009-11-09 05:29:04 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Dec. 11, 1999 / Copyright © 1999 BMJ Publishing Group journalArticle Albanese Catherine L. The Subtle Energies of Spirit: Explorations in Metaphysical and New Age Spirituality 305-325 Jun., 1999 The Subtle Energies of Spirit http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/1465739 2009-11-09 04:39:13 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Jun., 1999 / Copyright © 1999 American Academy of Religion Journal of the American Academy of Religion 67 2 ISSN 00027189 book Oxford Oxford University Press Barnes Linda L Talamantez Inés American Academy of Religion Medicine religion Religious aspects Spiritual healing Study and teaching Teaching Religion and Healing 2006 ISBN 019517643X library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog BL41 .T43 2006 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">This volume is designed to help instructors incorporate discussion of healing into their courses and to encourage the development of courses focused on religion and healing. It brings together essays by leading experts in a range of disciplines and addresses the role of healing in many different religious traditions. The primary target audience comprises faculty in religious studies, divinity schools, anthropology, sociology, and ethnic studies. However, the volume also addresses the needs of educators training pre-med students and will be an invaluable resource for those involved in educating physicians, health care professionals, and chaplains, particularly in relation to what is referred to as “cultural competence” - the ability to work with multicultural and religiously diverse patient populations.</p> journalArticle BMJ: British Medical Journal 319 7213 ISSN 09598138 Zollman Catherine Vickers Andrew ABC of Complementary Medicine: Users and Practitioners of Complementary Medicine 836-838 Sep. 25, 1999 ABC of Complementary Medicine http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/25185898 2009-11-09 05:28:42 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Sep. 25, 1999 / Copyright © 1999 BMJ Publishing Group journalArticle Sharma Ursula Contextualizing Alternative Medicine: The Exotic, the Marginal and the Perfectly Mundane 15-18 Aug., 1993 Contextualizing Alternative Medicine http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/2783450 2009-11-09 05:10:18 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Aug., 1993 / Copyright © 1993 Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland Anthropology Today 9 4 ISSN 0268540X journalArticle Explore (New York, N.Y.) 4 2 Explore (NY) DOI 10.1016/j.explore.2007.12.003 ISSN 1550-8307 Levin Jeff Complementary Therapies Evidence-Based Medicine Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Holistic Health Homeopathy Humans Medicine, Traditional Meditation Mind-Body Therapies Naturopathy Religion and Medicine Shamanism spirituality Esoteric healing traditions: a conceptual overview 101-112 2008 Mar-Apr Esoteric healing traditions http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18316053 2009-11-13 23:46:30 NCBI PubMed PMID: 18316053 <p>This paper presents, for the first time, a comprehensive scholarly examination of the history and principles of major traditions of esoteric healing. After a brief conceptual overview of esoteric religion and healing, summaries are provided of eight major esoteric traditions, including descriptions of beliefs and practices related to health, healing, and medicine. These include what are termed the kabbalistic tradition, the mystery school tradition, the gnostic tradition, the brotherhoods tradition, the Eastern mystical tradition, the Western mystical tradition, the shamanic tradition, and the new age tradition. Next, commonalities across these traditions are summarized with respect to beliefs and practices related to anatomy and physiology; nosology and etiology; pathophysiology; and therapeutic modalities. Finally, the implications of this survey of esoteric healing are discussed for clinicians, biomedical researchers, and medical educators.</p> journalArticle Francoeur R T Behavior Buddhism Cross-Cultural Comparison Culture Hinduism personality Psychology religion Research Sexuality Sexuality and spirituality: the relevance of eastern traditions 1-8 1992 Apr-May Sexuality and spirituality http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/12343737 2009-11-09 05:46:29 NCBI PubMed PMID: 12343737 SIECUS Report 20 4 SIECUS Rep ISSN 0091-3995 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">This article outlines some of the major Eastern sexual and spiritual traditions (primarily Hinduism, Taoism and Tantrism), and discusses their relevance for the contemporary Western world. The article begins by examining the sources of Eastern sexual traditions, before and after the “Axial” period, the turning point at which male consciousness and power gained ascendancy over the female principle. Although a phallocentric view of the world came to dominate the East, Eastern cultures -- unlike the West -- maintained a respect for nature. According to this view, health and spirituality are gained only when humanity respects its place in the cosmos and lives in harmony with nature. The article then examines the sexual traditions of Hinduism, in which sexual asceticism not only coexisted but also complimented the celebration of sexual desire and pleasure. The article then discusses the Taoist traditions, which, among other things, stressed the importance of female sexual satisfaction. Taoism argued that men cannot experience true sexual ecstasy unless they develop the ability to control their ejaculation. The Tantric sexual tradition, the article explains, maintained that ultimate sexual pleasure would enable one to experience the true nature of reality. The article then goes on to review variations of these traditions: the Hindu Tantric Doctrine (Shaktism), the Buddhist Tantric Doctrine, and Tantra and Yoga. Finally, the article considers the relevance of these Eastern philosophies to the Western sexual tradition, which has tended to view sexuality as antagonistic to spiritual liberation.</p> book Comparative studies of health systems and medical care Berkeley University of California Press Leslie Charles M Young Allan American Anthropological Association ASIA Congresses East Asia Medicine, Ayurvedic Medicine, Oriental Medicine, Oriental Traditional Paths to Asian Medical Knowledge 1992 ISBN 0520073177 library.bu.edu Library Catalog R581 .P38 1992 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">The essays in this book ask how patients and practitioners know what they know-what evidence of disease or health they consider convincing and what cultural traditions and symbols guide their thinking. Whether discussing Japanese anatomy texts, Islamic humoralism, Ayurvedic clinical practice, or a variety of other subjects, the authors offer an exciting range of information and suggest new theoretical avenues for medical anthropology.</p> book SUNY series, the body in culture, history, and religion Albany State University of New York Press Kasulis Thomas P Aimes Roger T Dissanayake Wimal ASIA History Human body (Philosophy) Mind and body Self (Philosophy) Self as Body in Asian Theory and Practice 1993 ISBN 079141079X library.bu.edu Library Catalog B105.B64 S45 1993 journalArticle Worsley Peter Non-Western Medical Systems 315-348 1982 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/2155785 2009-11-09 04:37:25 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: 1982 / Copyright © 1982 Annual Reviews Annual Review of Anthropology 11 ISSN 00846570 journalArticle Foster George M. Disease Etiologies in Non-Western Medical Systems 773-782 Dec., 1976 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/675143 2009-11-09 05:09:43 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Dec., 1976 / Copyright © 1976 American Anthropological Association American Anthropologist 78 4 ISSN 00027294 <p>This paper argues that disease etiology is the key to cross-cultural comparison of non-Western medical systems. Two principal etiologies are identified: personalistic and naturalistic. Correlated with personalistic etiologies are the belief that all misfortune, disease included, is explained in the same way; illness, religion, and magic are inseparable; the most powerful curers have supernatural and magical powers, and their primary role is diagnostic. Correlated with naturalistic etiologies are the belief that disease causality has nothing to do with other misfortunes; religion and magic are largely unrelated to illness; the principal curers lack supernatural or magical powers, and their primary role is therapeutic.</p> journalArticle Patwardhan Bhushan Warude Dnyaneshwar Pushpangadan P Bhatt Narendra Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine: a comparative overview 465-473 Dec 2005 Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/16322803 2009-11-02 07:31:35 NCBI PubMed PMID: 16322803 Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine: eCAM 2 4 Evid Based Complement Alternat Med DOI 10.1093/ecam/neh140 ISSN 1741-427X <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Ayurveda, the traditional Indian medicine (TIM) and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) remain the most ancient yet living traditions. There has been increased global interest in traditional medicine. Efforts to monitor and regulate herbal drugs and traditional medicine are underway. China has been successful in promoting its therapies with more research and science-based approach, while Ayurveda still needs more extensive scientific research and evidence base. This review gives an overview of basic principles and commonalities of TIM and TCM and discusses key determinants of success, which these great traditions need to address to compete in global markets.</p> journalArticle Croizier Ralph C. Medicine, Ayurvedic Medicine, Oriental Medicine, Modernization, and Cultural Crisis in China and India 275-291 Jul., 1970 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/178238 2009-10-13 03:22:36 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Jul., 1970 / Copyright © 1970 Society for Comparative Studies in Society and History Comparative Studies in Society and History 12 3 ISSN 00104175 journalArticle Lad V Humans Medicine, Ayurvedic An introduction to Ayurveda 57-63 Jul 1995 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/9419799 2009-11-02 07:45:22 NCBI PubMed PMID: 9419799 Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine 1 3 Altern Ther Health Med ISSN 1078-6791 <p>Ayurveda is a Sanskrit word derived from two roots: ayur, which means life, and veda, knowledge. Knowledge arranged systematically with logic becomes science. During the due course of time, Ayurveda became the science of life. It has its root in ancient vedic literature and encompasses our entire life, the body, mind, and spirit.</p> journalArticle Murthy A R History, Ancient History, Early Modern 1451-1600 History, Medieval History, Modern 1601- India Medicine, Ayurvedic Religion and Medicine Dhanwantari: the God of Hindu medicine 1-14 Jan 1997 Dhanwantari http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/12572586 2009-11-09 06:06:57 NCBI PubMed PMID: 12572586 Bulletin of the Indian Institute of History of Medicine (Hyderabad) 27 1 Bull Indian Inst Hist Med Hyderabad ISSN 0304-9558 <p>The original conception of Ayurveda in its entirety is essentially linked to Dhanwantari who is considered as God of Hindu Medicine. Dhanwantari is considered a mythical deity born with ambrosia in one hand and Ayurveda on the other at the end of the churning of milk ocean. He reincarnated himself in the Chandra dynasty. He was born to King Dhanwa, learnt Ayurveda from Bharadwaja. His great grandson Divodasa was also known as Dhanwantari, but was specialised only in surgical branch of Ayurveda. Sushruta, is said to have learnt the art of science of surgery from Divodasa Dhanwantara.</p> book Princeton N.J. Princeton University Press Alter Joseph Yoga in modern India : the body between science and philosophy 2004 ISBN 9780691118734 Yoga in modern India Open WorldCat journalArticle Bulletin of the Indian Institute of History of Medicine (Hyderabad) 35 2 Bull Indian Inst Hist Med Hyderabad ISSN 0304-9558 Narayana Ala Lavekar G S Buddhism History, Ancient Humans India Medicine, Ayurvedic Religion and Medicine Ayurvĕda gleaned through Buddhism 131-146 2005 Jul-Dec http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/17333669 2009-11-02 07:27:55 NCBI PubMed PMID: 17333669 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">The Pali canon consists of three Pitakas (baskets), which replete the Buddhism and is known as Tripitaka, viz, Vinaya, Sutta and Abhidhamma Pitakas. The original phase of Tripitaka (Buddhisim started in 544 B.C. and lastly systematized up to 29 B.C. The Buddhist literature also possesses the esoteric material of Medical Science, which is practiced and conserved in India since centuries. It refers to the fundamentals of medicine, rules of good living, which lay considerable emphasis on the hygiene of body, mind. Internal Medicine, curative medicine including symptoms, methods of diagnosis, theories of causation, materia-medica, therapeutics and treatment and skills of Jivaka. Some famous and popular prescriptions are also dealt with.</p> book New York Oxford University Press Zysk Kenneth G Medicine Medicine, Ayurvedic Medicine, Buddhist Monastic and religious life (Buddhism) Religious aspects Asceticism and Healing in Ancient India: Medicine in the Buddhist Monastery 1991 ISBN 0195059565 Asceticism and Healing in Ancient India library.bu.edu Library Catalog R605 .Z87 1991 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">The rich Indian medical tradition is usually traced back to Sanskrit sources, the earliest of which cannot much antedate the common era. Zysk shows that the Buddhist scriptures some centuries older than this contain abundant information about medical practice, and are our earliest evidence for a rational approach to medicine in India. He argues that Buddhism and the medical tradition were mutually supportive: that Buddhist monks and people associated with them contributed to the development of medicine, while their skills as physical as well as spiritual healers enhanced their reputation and popular support. Drawing on a wide range of textual, archaeological, and secondary sources, Zysk first presents an overview of the history of Indian medicine in its religious context. He then examines primary literature from the Pali Buddhist Canon and from the Sanskrit treatises of Bhela, Caraka, and Susruta. By close comparison of these two bodies of literature Zysk convincingly shows how the theories delineated in the medical classics actually became practice.</p> book Salt Lake City, Utah Passage Press Frawley David Herbal Medicine India Medicine, Ayurvedic Ayurvedic Healing: A Comprehensive Guide 1989 ISBN 1878423002 Ayurvedic Healing library.bu.edu Library Catalog WB 50 JI4 F8a 1989 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation"><span>The immensity of Ayurvedic material and the preexisting vitriol for any attempt at studying it are enough of a deterrent for anyone who wishes to make their mark on the academic community. Yet David Frawley has made a valiant effort with Ayurvedic Healing. Frawley’s presentation is solid, coherent, and contributive to the greater knowledge base both in religious studies and medicine. While topics such as astrology and gem therapy are so very difficult to present in the mainstream, these aspects of spiritual healing are simply part of the system; one cannot pick and choose parts when studying a whole. Therefore, even with the shortfalls of Frawley’s work, the underlying integral philosophy and suggestions for a new paradigm of medicine are paramount to progress in the field of spirituality, medicine, and health. In all, it is a very effective introduction to a subject that warrants more scholarly eyes.</span></p> journalArticle Chopra Arvind Doiphode Vijay V Arthritis Disease Humans Medicine, Ayurvedic Obesity Plant Preparations Ayurvedic medicine. Core concept, therapeutic principles, and current relevance 75-89, vii Jan 2002 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/11795092 2009-11-02 07:39:34 NCBI PubMed PMID: 11795092 The Medical Clinics of North America 86 1 Med. Clin. North Am ISSN 0025-7125 <p>In the prebiblical Ayurvedic origins, every creation inclusive of a human being is a model of the universe. In this model, the basic matter and the dynamic forces (Dosha) of the nature determine health and disease, and the medicinal value of any substance (plant and mineral). The Ayurvedic practices (chiefly that of diet, life style, and the Panchkarama) aim to maintain the Dosha equilibrium. Despite a holistic approach aimed to cure disease, therapy is customized to the individual's constitution (Prakruti). Numerous Ayurvedic medicines (plant derived in particular) have been tested for their biological (especially immunomodulation) and clinical potential using modern ethnovalidation, and thereby setting an interface with modern medicine. To understand Ayurvedic medicine, it would be necessary to first understand the origin, basic concept and principles of Ayurveda.</p> book New York, N.Y Harmony Books Mishra Rammurti S yoga Fundamentals of Yoga: A Handbook of Theory, Practice, and Application 1987 ed 1987 ISBN 051756422X Fundamentals of Yoga library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog B132.Y6 M5 1987 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Dr. Mishra brings a medical reasoning and a guru’s practice to the ancient science of yoga. Concentration and meditation exercises make this an invaluable introduction to yoga.</p> book Albany State University of New York Press Coward Harold Yoga and psychology : language, memory, and mysticism 2002 ISBN 9780791454992 Yoga and psychology Open WorldCat journalArticle Thomas L E Aged Aged, 80 and over Attitude to Health Humans India Male Medicine, Ayurvedic Philosophy Religion and Medicine Social Identification Identity, ideology and medicine: health attitudes and behavior among Hindu religious renunciates 499-505 Mar 1992 Identity, ideology and medicine http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/1604356 2009-11-09 05:47:41 NCBI PubMed PMID: 1604356 Social Science & Medicine (1982) 34 5 Soc Sci Med ISSN 0277-9536 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">In-depth interviews and participant observation was conducted with 14 Hindu religious renunciates, 70 years or older. Despite having taken vows renouncing concern for physical pain or comfort, respondents differed markedly in their attitudes toward pain and their rationale for utilizing medical treatment. They differed still further in their use of Ayurvedic and allopathic medicine, with the most culturally conservative accepting only Ayurvedic medicine. Rejection of allopathic medicine tended to be associated with a highly systematized religious world-view. The results are discussed in terms of both the ideological conflict between religious world-view and medical usage, and the need for sophisticated distinction of religious world-view if research on the religious factor of health care utilization is to prove fruitful.</p> journalArticle Wilson Robin L. An Introduction to Yoga 261-263 Feb., 1976 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/3423818 2009-11-09 04:05:28 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Feb., 1976 / Copyright © 1976 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. The American Journal of Nursing 76 2 ISSN 0002936X book Healing Arts Press Heyn Birgit Medicine, Ayurvedic Ayurveda: The Indian Art of Natural Medicine and Life Extension 1st Quality Paperback Ed 1990-04-01 ISBN 0892813334 Ayurveda Amazon.com book SUNY series in religious studies Albany State University of New York Fields Gregory P Human body Medicine Medicine, Ayurvedic Religious aspects Tantrism yoga Religious Therapeutics: Body and Health in Yoga, Ayurveda, and Tantra 2001 ISBN 0791449157 Religious Therapeutics library.bu.edu Library Catalog R606 .F53 2001 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Religious Therapeutics explores the relationship between psychophysical health and spiritual health and presents a model for interpreting connections between religion and medicine in world traditions. This model emerges from the work’s investigation of health and religiousness in classical Yoga, Ayurveda, and Tantra--three Hindu traditions noteworthy for the central role they accord the body. Author Gregory P. Fields compares Anglo-European and Indian philosophies of body and health and uses fifteen determinants of health excavated from texts of ancient Hindu medicine to show that health concerns the person, not the body or body/mind alone. This book elucidates multifaceted views of health, and--in the context of spirituality and healing--explores themes such as mental health, meditation, and music.</p> journalArticle Bhobe S Holistic Health Humans Medicine, Ayurvedic spirituality yoga Integrated approach to yoga 33, 42 Feb 2000 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/15326755 2009-11-09 05:44:45 NCBI PubMed PMID: 15326755 The Nursing Journal of India 91 2 Nurs J India ISSN 0029-6503 <p>Yoga is a science of Holistic living and not merely a set of Asanas and Pranayama. It is a psycho physical and spiritual science, which aims at the harmonious development of the human body, mind and soul. Yoga is the conscious art of self-discovery. It is a process by which animal man ascends through the stages from normal man to super man and then the divine man. It is an expansion of the narrow constricted egoistic personality to an all-pervasive eternal and blissful state of reality. Yoga is an all round development of personality at physical, mental intellectual, emotional and spiritual level.</p> journalArticle Naidoo T Attitude to Health Holistic Health Medicine, Ayurvedic Religion and Medicine South Africa Health and health care--a Hindu perspective 643-647 1989 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/2495404 2009-11-09 05:47:04 NCBI PubMed PMID: 2495404 Medicine and Law 7 6 Med Law ISSN 0723-1393 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">In the Hindu tradition, ‘health’ means the continued maintenance of the best possible working of the human body under normal, and sometimes even abnormal, environmental conditions. Hindu religious teaching on healthy living and ethical considerations culminate in spiritual objectives if the injunctions contained in the system are followed. Hatha yoga is a system of bodily care that is conducive to such health, which also corrects disease via the regulation of muscular action and in other ways. Other systems of medicine, such as Ayurveda and other traditional systems in Hindu culture, have been devised for the good of humanity. It is, however, the holistic approach to health in Hinduism that calls attention to such causes of ill health as climatic extremes, bacterial attack, nutritional deviance, stress, and other forms of emotional imbalance. A state of good health is within the reach of most persons if they cultivate habits that are conducive to physical and spiritual well-being. The concept of preventive medicine is probably also based on the tenet that the attainment of good health is a religious duty, and corresponding injunctions are found in abundance in Hindu scriptures. It is not the training of students in the medical profession that is most important for health care, but rather their concern for health and their willingness to apply themselves to the observation of the rules they would wish their patients to observe.</p> journalArticle Bamber Scott Metaphor and Illness Classification in Traditional Thai Medicine 179-195 1987 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/1178583 2009-11-09 05:08:49 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: 1987 / Copyright © 1987 Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture Asian Folklore Studies 46 2 ISSN 03852342 book New Delhi Indian National Science Academy Sharma P. V Indian National Science Academy David E. Pingree Collection (Brown University) History History of Medicine India Medicine Medicine, Ayurvedic History of Medicine in India, from Antiquity to 1000 A.D 1992 josiah.brown.edu Library Catalog R605 journalArticle Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine 7 2 Altern Ther Health Med ISSN 1078-6791 Mishra L Singh B B Dagenais S History, Ancient Humans India Medicine, Ayurvedic Ayurveda: a historical perspective and principles of the traditional healthcare system in India 36-42 Mar 2001 Ayurveda http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/11253415 2009-11-02 07:41:20 NCBI PubMed PMID: 11253415 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Ayurveda, the science of life, is a comprehensive medical system that has been the traditional system of healthcare in India for more than 5000 years. This medical system was well established around 2500 to 600 BC, when it evolved into 2 schools: the School of Physicians and the School of Surgeons, similar to allopathy. Charak Samhita, Susrut Samhita, and Ashtang Hridaya Samhita are the Senior Triad texts, and Madhav Nidan Samhita, Sarangdhar Samhita, and Bhavprakash Samhita are the Junior Triad texts. Around 600 BC. Ayurveda was branched into internal medicine; pediatrics; psychiatry; surgery; eye, ear, nose, and throat; toxicology; geriatrics; and eugenics/aphrodisiacs. The body is composed of 3 body doshas, 3 mental doshas, 7 dhatus, and malas. The harmony among the body doshas of vata (nervous system), pitta (enzymes), and kapha (mucus) and the gunas, or mental doshas (which are human attributes: satogun [godly], rajas [kingly], and tamas [evil]), constitutes health, and their disharmony constitutes disease. The management of illness requires balancing the doshas back into a harmonious state through lifestyle interventions, spiritual nurturing, and treatment with herbo-mineral formulas based on one’s mental and bodily constitution.</p> journalArticle Joshi K. S. On the Meaning of Yoga 53-64 Jan., 1965 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/1397408 2009-11-09 04:05:51 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Jan., 1965 / Copyright © 1965 University of Hawai'i Press Philosophy East and West 15 1 ISSN 00318221 journalArticle Bulletin of the Indian Institute of History of Medicine (Hyderabad) 36 2 Bull Indian Inst Hist Med Hyderabad ISSN 0304-9558 Subhose Varanasi Narayana Ala Prasad P V V Rao M Mruthyumjaya Encyclopedias as Topic History, Ancient India Medicine, Ayurvedic Introduction to Garudapurăna with reference to Ayurvĕda 97-116 2006 Jul-Dec http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/18175646 2009-11-03 06:26:58 NCBI PubMed PMID: 18175646 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">The Puranas are the encyclopedic works of the ancient and medieval Hindu religion, philosophy, history, politics, ethics, sciences etc. There are 18 (Astadasa) puranas, which are, considered as mahapuranas, among which Garudapurana is popular one. The Garudapurana is divided into two parts viz., Purvakhanda and Uttarakhanda. The first part, which is also called Acarakhanda consists of 240 chapters. The greater part of the Purvakhanda occupies the descriptions of Vratas (religious observances), sacred places dedicated to the Surya (sun), Lord Siva and Lord Visnu. It also contains treatises on various aspects like astrology, palmistry, politics, Sankhya, Yoga, anatomy, precious stones and extensive information on vedic medicine i.e., Ayurveda. The Uttarakhanda consists of two khandas viz. Dharmakhanda and Brahmakhanda, which are divided into 42 and 29 chapters, respectively. The Dharmakhanda is also known as the Pretakalpa which contains directions for the performance of obsequies rites. The Pretakalpa portion of the Garudapurana is generally recited during the period of mourning and so its importance is self-evident. It is almost impossible to narrate within such a small framework, the wide range of splendid truths scattered in the pages of this noble puranam. Little information is available from internal evidence to establish its exact period. However, it is supposed to be quite ancient in its origin.</p> journalArticle Philosophy East and West 51 1 ISSN 00318221 Morley James Inspiration and Expiration: Yoga Practice through Merleau-Ponty's Phenomenology of the Body 73-82 Jan., 2001 Inspiration and Expiration http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/1400036 2009-11-09 04:11:17 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Jan., 2001 / Copyright © 2001 University of Hawai'i Press <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">An interpretation of the yoga practice of pranayama (breath control) that is influenced by the existential phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty is offered. The approach to yoga is less concerned with comparing his thought to the classical yoga texts than with elucidating the actual experience of breath control through the constructs provided by Merleau-Ponty’s philosophy of the lived body. The discussion of yoga can answer certain pedagogical goals but can never finally be severed from doing yoga. Academic discourse centered entirely on the theoretical concepts of yoga philosophies must to some extent remain incomplete. Patañjali’s “Yoga Sutra” is itself a manual of practice. For this reason, the commentary of the scholar-practitioner T. K. V. Desikachar has been chosen as the basis for this study, rather than a more exclusively theoretical commentary. In so doing, yoga will be approached as an experience or phenomenon, not just in the context of a series of academic debates.</p> journalArticle Philosophy East and West 48 2 ISSN 00318221 Whicher Ian Yoga and Freedom: A Reconsideration of Patañjali's Classical Yoga 272-322 Apr., 1998 Yoga and Freedom http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/1399829 2009-11-09 04:07:45 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Apr., 1998 / Copyright © 1998 University of Hawai'i Press <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Rather than follow along the lines of many scholarly interpretations of Patañjali’s “Yoga-Sutra,” which views Yoga as a radical separation or isolation of “spirit” or pure consciousness (purusa) from “matter” (prakrti), this essay suggests that the “Yoga-Sutra” seeks to “unite” or integrate these two principles by correcting a basic misalignment between them. Yoga thus does not advocate the abandonment or condemnation of the world, but supports a stance that enables one to live more fully in the world without being enslaved by worldly identification.</p> journalArticle Dhyansky Yan Y. The Indus Valley Origin of a Yoga Practice 89-108 1987 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/3249853 2009-11-09 04:08:48 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: 1987 / Copyright © 1987 Artibus Asiae Publishers Artibus Asiae 48 1/2 ISSN 00043648 journalArticle Zysk Kenneth G. Religious Healing in the Veda i-311 1985 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/20486646 2009-11-09 04:43:46 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: 1985 / Copyright © 1985 American Philosophical Society New Series Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 75 7 ISSN 00659746 book New York Columbia University Press Phillips Stephen Yoga, karma, and rebirth : a brief history and philosophy 2009 ISBN 9780231144841 Yoga, karma, and rebirth Open WorldCat journalArticle Zysk Kenneth G. Medicine, Ayurvedic The Science of Respiration and the Doctrine of the Bodily Winds in Ancient India 198-213 Apr. - Jun., 1993 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/603025 2009-10-13 03:20:31 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Apr. - Jun., 1993 / Copyright © 1993 American Oriental Society Journal of the American Oriental Society 113 2 ISSN 00030279 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">The following historical and philological study traces the science of respiration and the doctrine of the bodily winds through ancient Indian religious and technical literature. Basic notions about respiration and bodily winds appear in the literature of the vedic samhitas and brahmanas. By the end of the principal upanisads these early ideas begin to be codified into two separate systems. One, emphasizing a physiology of bodily winds, reaches its traditional formulation in the classical medical literature of Ayurveda, the other, focusing on respiration, attains its classical formulation in Yoga. The two unite later, when Yoga integrates medical theory into its science of respiration. Asceticism is the common thread connecting the various stages in the development of respiration and bodily winds.</p> journalArticle Journal of the American Oriental Society 106 4 ISSN 00030279 Zysk Kenneth G. The Evolution of Anatomical Knowledge in Ancient India, with Special Reference to Cross-Cultural Influences 687-705 Oct. - Dec., 1986 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/603532 2009-10-13 03:34:24 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Oct. - Dec., 1986 / Copyright © 1986 American Oriental Society <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Tahoma"; }@font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Ludwig Edelstein’s study of the history of Greek anatomy will be used as a model to examine the evolution of anatomical knowledge in ancient India. The earliest evidence of Indian anatomy is found in the Vedic literature, dating from 1500 B. C. to 200 B. C. It provides a clear picture of the acquisition of anatomical knowledge by means of the sacrifice of animals, principally the horse, and of men; chance observations contributed a comparatively small amount to the body of anatomical knowledge. As a result of these sacrificial rites quite accurate lists of bodily structures of the horse and of man have been recorded and transmitted by means of the traditional religious texts. These catalogues remained the principal sources of anatomy until the first centuries of the Christian era, when we find a codification of Indian medical knowledge in the surgical text, Susruta Sa<span style="font-family: Tahoma;">ṃ</span><span>hitā. Isolated in a chapter on anatomy, a new approach to the study of the bodily parts is recommended: in order to acquire the most complete understanding of the human body the author prescribes that first-hand observation of the parts sh</span>ould be combined with textual learning and proceeds to detail the correct method to dissect a cadaver. This precept, reflecting a characteristically non-Indian attitude, may well have had its origin in the Alexandrian school of medicine, in particular in the teachings of Herophilus in the first half of the third century B. C. The instruction which added a wholly new dimension to Indian anatomical thought could have been transmitted to India around the time of Alexander. As in the Hellenistic world, scientific dissection was not readily accepted by the Indian medical community and its practice quickly vanished. During the short time it was known and performed in India, some advances seem to have been made in the understanding of the inner parts of the human body, increasing the store-house of anatomical knowledge already possessed by the Indian physicians. A similar technique of dissection is detailed in the twelfth century Salernitan anatomical text, Anatomia magistri Nicolai phisici. This remarkable occurrence poses questions, the answers to which cannot be definitely given until more evidence becomes available. The paper concludes with a critical translation of chapter five on the “enumeration and distinction of the bodily parts” in the book of anatomy of the Susruta Samhita.</p> journalArticle Engler Steven Medicine, Ayurvedic Science and religion "Science" vs. "Religion" in Classical Ayurveda 416-463 2003 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/3270507 2009-10-13 03:14:54 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: 2003 / Copyright © 2003 BRILL Numen 50 4 ISSN 00295973 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">This paper evaluates claims that classical Ayurveda was scientific, in a modern western sense, and that the many religious and magical elements found in the texts were all either stale Vedic remnants or later brahminic impositions. It argues (1) that Ayurveda did not manifest standard criteria of “science” (e.g., materialism, empirical observation, experimentation, falsification, quantification, or a developed conception of proof) and (2) that Vedic aspects of the classical texts are too central to be considered inauthentic or marginal. These points suggest that attempting to apply the modern western categories of “science” and “religion” to ancient South Asian medical texts at best obscures more important issues and, at worst, imports inappropriate orientalist assumptions. Having set aside the distraction of “science” vs. “religion” in classical Ayurveda, the paper finds support for claims that brahminic elements were later additions to the texts. It concludes by arguing that this is best explained not in terms of a conceptual tension between religion and science but in terms of social and economic tensions between physicians and brahmins.</p> journalArticle Bulletin of the Indian Institute of History of Medicine (Hyderabad) 25 1-2 Bull Indian Inst Hist Med Hyderabad ISSN 0304-9558 Narayana A History, Ancient India Medicine Medicine, Ayurvedic Science Medical science in ancient Indian culture with special reference to Atharvaveda 100-110 1995 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/11618829 2009-11-02 07:45:56 NCBI PubMed PMID: 11618829 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">A high quality of Medical Knowledge was prevalent in ancient India. The present day Archaeological evidences of Mohenjo-daro and Harappa imparts the high civilization in matters of sanitation and hygiene. An analysis of the material in the Vedas reveals that, all the four Vedas replete the references regarding various aspects of medicine. The Atharva Veda is deemed to be an encyclopaedia for medicine “Interalia”, and Ayurveda (the science of life) is considered as Upa Veda (supplementary subject) of the Atharva Veda. A few glimpses of medical Science as prevalent in the ancient India have been presented here.</p> journalArticle Philosophy East and West 32 1 ISSN 00318221 Kesarcodi-Watson Ian Samādhi in Patañjali's Yoga Sūtras 77-90 Jan., 1982 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/1398753 2009-11-09 04:10:33 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Jan., 1982 / Copyright © 1982 University of Hawai'i Press journalArticle Philosophy East and West 37 3 ISSN 00318221 Larson Gerald James Medicine, Ayurvedic Āyurveda and the Hindu Philosophical Systems 245-259 Jul., 1987 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/1398518 2009-10-13 03:17:35 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Jul., 1987 / Copyright © 1987 University of Hawai'i Press book Glenview, Ill. Himalayan International Institute of Yoga Science & Philosophy of USA Funderburk James Hatha yoga Physiological aspects Science Studies Yoga: A Review of Physiological Data 1977 ISBN 089389026X Science Studies Yoga lms01.harvard.edu Library Catalog RC1220.Y64 F86 1977 journalArticle Alter Joseph S. Gandhi's Body, Gandhi's Truth: Nonviolence and the Biomoral Imperative of Public Health 301-322 May, 1996 Gandhi's Body, Gandhi's Truth http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/2943361 2009-11-09 04:25:23 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: May, 1996 / Copyright © 1996 Association for Asian Studies The Journal of Asian Studies 55 2 ISSN 00219118 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Joseph S. Alter offers a novel reading of Mahatma Gandhi’s writings on diet, sex, and hygiene. By arguing “that nonviolence was, for him, as much an issue of public health as an issue of politics, morality, and religion,” this reading challenges previous studies that delink Gandhi’s preoccupation with issues of health from his political ideas and agenda as well as works that treat those links together but only in terms of psychological and sociopsychological meta-interpretations. Alter also takes a different line on the Mahtama’s conception of health by contextualizing it within the framework of what he terms “late imperialism,” a framework which enables the author to view his subject’s personal convictions “in the context of colonialism’s impact on subject bodies.” In other words, Gandhi’s personal “experiments with truth,” whether they centered on dietetics, celibacy, hygiene, and nature cure, cannot be separated from his search for truth, or from his belief in nonviolence, or his campaign for sociopolitical reform.</p> journalArticle Comparative Studies in Society and History 12 3 ISSN 00104175 Obeyesekere Gananath Medicine, Ayurvedic Ayurveda and Mental Illness 292-296 Jul., 1970 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/178239 2009-10-13 03:18:48 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Jul., 1970 / Copyright © 1970 Society for Comparative Studies in Society and History journalArticle Joshi Rajani R Algorithms Biometry Complementary Therapies Humans Medicine, Ayurvedic Qi Regression Analysis A biostatistical approach to ayurveda: quantifying the tridosha 879-889 Oct 2004 A biostatistical approach to ayurveda http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/15650478 2009-11-02 07:33:59 NCBI PubMed PMID: 15650478 Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.) 10 5 J Altern Complement Med DOI 10.1089/acm.2004.10.879 ISSN 1075-5535 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Objective: To compute quantitative estimates of the tridosha--the qualitative characterization that constitutes the core of diagnosis and treatment in Ayurveda--to provide a basis for biostatistical analysis of this ancient Indian science, which is a promising field of alternative medicine. SUBJECTS: The data sources were 280 persons from among the residents and visitors/training students at the Brahmvarchas Research Centre and Shantikuj, Hardwar, India. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY: A quantitative measure of the tridosha level (for vata, pitta, and kapha) is obtained by applying an algorithmic heuristic approach to the exhaustive list of qualitative features/factors that are commonly used by Ayurvedic doctors. A knowledge-based concept of worth coefficients and fuzzy multiattribute decision functions are used here for regression modeling. VALIDATION AND APPLICATIONS: Statistical validation on a large sample shows the accuracy of this study’s estimates with statistical confidence level above 90%. The estimates are also suited for diagnostic and prognostic applications and systematic drug-response analysis of Ayurvedic (herbal and rasayanam) medicines. An application with regard to the former is elucidated, extensions of which might also be of use in investigating the role of nadis in Ayurvedic healing vis-a-vis acupuncture and acupressure techniques. The importance and scope of this novel approach are discussed. Conclusions: This pioneering study shows that the concept of tridosha has a sound empirical basis that could be used for the scientific establishment of Ayurveda in a new light.</p> journalArticle Rastogi Sanjeev Comprehensive Health Care Humans India Medicine, Ayurvedic Models, Organizational Ayurveda for comprehensive healthcare 101-102 2009 Apr-Jun http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19517655 2009-11-02 07:14:37 NCBI PubMed PMID: 19517655 Indian Journal of Medical Ethics 6 2 Indian J Med Ethics ISSN 0974-8466 journalArticle Indian Journal of Phamacology 40 Supp. 1 Indian J Pharmacol Thatte Urmila Bhalerao Supriya Medicine, Ayurvedic Pharmacovigilance of ayurvedic medicines in India S10-S12 2008-2-1 http://www.ijp-online.com/article.asp?issn=0253-7613;year=2008;volume=40;issue=7;spage=10;epage=12;aulast=Thatte 2009-09-07 06:07:40 journalArticle Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine: eCAM Evid Based Complement Alternat Med DOI 10.1093/ecam/nep113 ISSN 1741-427X Patwardhan Kishor Gehlot Sangeeta Singh Girish Rathore H C S The Ayurveda Education in India: How Well are the Graduates Exposed to Basic Clinical Skills? Aug 17, 2009 The Ayurveda Education in India http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19687194 2009-11-02 07:11:51 NCBI PubMed PMID: 19687194 <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Garamond;">Ayurveda’ is an ancient system of healthcare that is native to India. At present, in India, there are more than 240 colleges that offer a graduate-level degree (Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery-BAMS) in Ayurveda. Even though the Central Council of Indian Medicine, the governing body that monitors the matters related to Ayurveda education, has imposed various educational norms and regulations, the standard of education has been a cause of concern in recent years. The mushrooming of substandard Ayurvedic colleges is the most important factor that is being held responsible for this kind of erosion in the standards. The present study is a mailed survey, which was carried out to evaluate the ‘Extent of exposure to basic clinical skills during BAMS course’ as perceived by the sample groups of students and teachers drawn from 32 Ayurvedic educational institutions spread all over India. A methodically validated questionnaire was used as the tool in the study, to which 1022 participants responded. The study indicates that there are some serious flaws in the existing system of the graduate-level Ayurveda education. Since the Ayurvedic graduates play an important role in the primary healthcare delivery system of the country, governing bodies are required to take necessary steps to ensure the adequate exposure of the students to basic clinical skills. Along with the strict implementation of all the regulatory norms during the process of recognition of the colleges, introducing some changes in the policy model may also be required to tackle the situation.</span></p> journalArticle Chattopadhyay S India Religion, spirituality, health and medicine: Why should Indian physicians care? 262 2007 http://www.jpgmonline.com/text.asp?2007/53/4/262/33967 Journal of Postgraduate Medicine 53 4 J Postgrad Med DOI 10.4103/0022-3859.33967 ISSN 0022-3859 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Religion, spirituality, health and medicine have common roots in the conceptual framework of relationship amongst human beings, nature and God. Of late, there has been a surge in interest in understanding the interplay of religion, spirituality, health and medicine, both in popular and scientific literature. A number of published empirical studies suggest that religious involvement is associated with better outcomes in physical and mental health. Despite some methodological limitations, these studies do point towards a positive association between religious involvement and better health. When faced with disease, disability and death, many patients would like physicians to address their emotional and spiritual needs, as well. The renewed interest in the interaction of religion and spirituality with health and medicine has significant implications in the Indian context. Although religion is translated as dharma in major Indian languages, dharma and religion are etymologically different and dharma is closer to spirituality than religion as an organized institution. Religion and spirituality play important roles in the lives of millions of Indians and therefore, Indian physicians need to respectfully acknowledge religious issues and address the spiritual needs of their patients. Incorporating religion and spirituality into health and medicine may also go a long way in making the practice of medicine more holistic, ethical and compassionate. It may also offer new opportunities to learn more about Ayurveda and other traditional systems of medicine and have more enriched understanding and collaborative interaction between different systems of medicine. Indian physicians may also find religion and spirituality significant and fulfilling in their own lives.</p> journalArticle Holden Constance Maharishi International University: "Science of Creative Intelligence" 1176-1180 Mar. 28, 1975 Maharishi International University http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/1739479 2009-10-21 01:55:41 JSTOR ArticleType: notice_news / Full publication date: Mar. 28, 1975 / Copyright © 1975 American Association for the Advancement of Science New Series Science 187 4182 ISSN 00368075 journalArticle Salgado Nirmala S. Sickness, Healing, and Religious Vocation: Alternative Choices at a Theravāda Buddhist Nunnery 213-226 Summer, 1997 Sickness, Healing, and Religious Vocation http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/3773986 2009-11-09 04:41:50 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Summer, 1997 / Copyright © 1997 University of Pittsburgh- Of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education Ethnology 36 3 ISSN 00141828 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">This essay examines alternative religious vocations and choices of cures that are open to women in the Sri Lankan Buddhist context. The focus of the investigation is a Theravada Buddhist hermitage that was studied over an eleven-year period. The article presents case histories of nuns who are representative of the individuals living at the hermitage, and demonstrates how the illnesses they suffer concurrently with their ecstatic trances (interpreted as spirit possession) receive meaning and can be cured within the framework of Buddhist asceticism in Sri Lanka.</p> journalArticle Hausman Gary J Colonialism History, 20th Century Homeopathy India Medicine, Traditional Political Systems Science Making medicine indigenous: homeopathy in South India 303-322 Aug 2002 Making medicine indigenous http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/12638553 2009-11-02 07:36:57 NCBI PubMed PMID: 12638553 Social History of Medicine: The Journal of the Society for the Social History of Medicine / SSHM 15 2 Soc Hist Med ISSN 0951-631X <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Historical studies of homeopathy in Europe and the USA have focused on practitioners’ attempts to emphasize ‘modern’ and ‘scientific’ approaches. Studies of homeopathy in India have focused on a process of Indianization. Arguing against such unilineal trajectories, this paper situates homeopathy in South India within the context of shifting relations between ‘scientific’ and ‘indigenous’ systems of medicine. Three time periods are considered. From 1924 through 1934, homeopathy was singled out by Government of Madras officials as ‘scientific’, as contrasted with the ‘indigenous’ Ayurvedic, Siddha, and Unani systems of medicine. From 1947 through 1960, both ‘indigenous’ and ‘scientific’ interpretations of homeopathy were put forward by different factions. An honorary director of homeopathy proposed the Indianization of homeopathy, and its reconciliation with Ayurveda; this view conflicted with the Madras government’s policy of expanding the ‘scientific’ medical curriculum of the Government College of Indigenous Medicine. It was not until the early 1970s that homeopathy was officially recognized in Tamilnadu State. By then, both homeopathy and Ayurveda had become conceptualized as non-Tamil, in contrast with promotion of the Tamil Siddha system of ‘indigenous’ medicine. Thus, constructs of ‘indigenous’ and ‘scientific’ systems of medicine are quite malleable with respect to homeopathy in South India.</p> journalArticle Dev Sukh Medicine, Ayurvedic Ancient-Modern Concordance in Ayurvedic Plants: Some Examples 783-789 Oct., 1999 Ancient-Modern Concordance in Ayurvedic Plants http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/3454574 2009-10-13 03:17:05 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Oct., 1999 / Copyright © 1999 The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Environmental Health Perspectives 107 10 ISSN 00916765 journalArticle Conboy Lisa Edshteyn Ingrid Garivaltis Hilary Adult Female Health Behavior Holistic Health Humans Life Style Medicine, Ayurvedic Middle Aged Perception Quality of Life social support Ayurveda and Panchakarma: measuring the effects of a holistic health intervention 272-280 2009 Ayurveda and Panchakarma http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19412555 2009-11-02 07:16:59 NCBI PubMed PMID: 19412555 TheScientificWorldJournal 9 ScientificWorldJournal DOI 10.1100/tsw.2009.35 ISSN 1537-744X <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Ayurveda, the traditional medical system of India, is understudied in western contexts. Using data gathered from an Ayurvedic treatment program, this study examined the role of psychosocial factors in the process of behavior change and the salutogenic process. This observational study examined associations with participation in the 5-day Ayurvedic cleansing retreat program, Panchakarma. Quality of life, psychosocial, and behavior change measurements were measured longitudinally on 20 female participants. Measurements were taken before the start of the program, immediately after the program, and 3 months postprogram. The program did not significantly improve quality of life. Significant improvements were found in self-efficacy towards using Ayurveda to improve health and reported positive health behaviors. In addition, perceived social support and depression showed significant improvements 3 months postprogram after the subjects had returned to their home context. As a program of behavior change, our preliminary results suggest that the complex intervention Panchakarma may be effective in assisting one’s expected and reported adherence to new and healthier behavior patterns.</p> journalArticle Bhatt A D Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Humans Medicine, Ayurvedic Phytotherapy Plants, Medicinal Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Research Treatment Outcome Clinical research on ayurvedic therapeutics: myths, realities and challenges 558-562 May 2001 Clinical research on ayurvedic therapeutics http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/11361273 2009-11-02 07:40:13 NCBI PubMed PMID: 11361273 The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 49 J Assoc Physicians India ISSN 0004-5772 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Globally there is an increasing interest in alternative routes to health such as ayurveda. There is a need to conduct globally acceptable clinical research in ayurvedic therapeutics (AT). Some of the issues in investigating AT in randomised clinical trials (CT) are: selection of appropriate AT, non-drug and/or drug AT, identification of objective outcomes, devising adequate placebo/positive controls, difficulties of blinding, guarding against bias, duration of trials, number of patients, dose optimisation, etc. There is also a need to establish reasonable safety of this therapy in CT. If AT has to complete with new chemical entities and biotechnology products, clinical research and development of AT should be focussed on unmet medical needs utilising principles and practices of modern CT approaches.</p> journalArticle Satow Yumi E Kumar Praveena D Burke Adam Inciardi John F Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Asian Continental Ancestry Group Attitude to Health California Cultural Characteristics Female Health Behavior Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Herbal Medicine Humans India Male Medicine, Ayurvedic Middle Aged Phytotherapy Questionnaires Exploring the prevalence of Ayurveda use among Asian Indians 1249-1253 Dec 2008 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19123878 2009-11-02 07:12:53 NCBI PubMed PMID: 19123878 Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.) 14 10 J Altern Complement Med DOI 10.1089/acm.2008.0106 ISSN 1557-7708 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Objective: Despite a growing body of literature on complementary and alternative medicine, there is still limited information on the use of Ayurveda in the United States. Because Ayurveda is one of the world’s major traditional medical systems, knowledge of its use is important. In particular, information on utilization by Asian Indians living in the United States is needed due to increased immigration from India and related regions. Recent reports of heavy metal contamination of some imported Ayurveda products underscore this need. For this reason, an exploratory survey was conducted. Design: A semistructured 21-item questionnaire was administered using face-to-face interviews. PARTICIPANTS AND Setting: The study comprised a convenience sample of 64 Asian Indians living in Northern California. Outcome measures: Main outcome measures included sociodemographic variables, questions on awareness, knowledge and use of Ayurvedic products or services, use of other nutritional/herbal products, and reasons for use. Results: In the sample, 95% of the participants were aware of Ayurveda, 78% had knowledge of Ayurvedic products or treatments, and about 59% had used or were currently using Ayurveda. Only 18% of those using Ayurveda had informed their Western medical doctors. Conclusions: Given its common use in the United States by Asian Indians, its cultural relevance, potential therapeutic value, and possible safety concerns, physician and consumer education along with more empirical research is warranted.</p> book Durham Duke University Press Langford Jean Fluent bodies : Ayurvedic remedies for postcolonial imbalance 2002 ISBN 9780822329312 Fluent bodies Open WorldCat <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Fluent Bodies examines the modernization of the indigenous healing practice, Ayurveda, in India. Combining contemporary ethnography with a study of key historical moments as glimpsed through early-twentieth-century texts, Jean M. Langford argues that as Ayurveda evolved from an eclectic set of healing practices into a sign of Indian national culture, it was reimagined as a healing force not simply for bodily disorders but for colonial and postcolonial ills.</p> journalArticle Bulletin of the Indian Institute of History of Medicine (Hyderabad) 30 1 Bull Indian Inst Hist Med Hyderabad ISSN 0304-9558 Singh A Historiography History, 19th Century History, 20th Century History, 21st Century History, Modern 1601- India Public health Publication Bias Western World The bias against India in western literature on history of medicine: with special emphasis on public health 41-58 2000 Jan-Jun The bias against India in western literature on history of medicine http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/12578015 2009-11-02 07:37:53 NCBI PubMed PMID: 12578015 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">The article describes a systematic bias against India in Western literature on history of medicine. While many authors have ignored the contributions of India in development of medicine altogether, the others have relegated India’s role much behind other civilizations. Unnecessary and deliberate controversies on dating and origin of Ayurveda, primacy of Greek vs. Hindu Medicine and the origin of the practice of variolation have been elaborated by Western authors. Some medical historians, like Siegrist, have tried to give India its due place in the history of medicine. Suitable references of Indian authors have also been quoted to give a comparative and balanced picture. The need for settling this controversy has been emphasized.</p> journalArticle Bulletin of the Indian Institute of History of Medicine (Hyderabad) 35 1 Bull Indian Inst Hist Med Hyderabad ISSN 0304-9558 Narayana Ala Subhose Varanasi Drug Compounding Formularies as Topic History, Medieval Humans Medicine, Ayurvedic Plant Preparations Standardization of Ayurvĕdic formulations : a scientific review 21-32 2005 Jan-Jun Standardization of Ayurvĕdic formulations http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/17333659 2009-11-02 07:29:26 NCBI PubMed PMID: 17333659 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Safety and efficacy of a drug mainly depends on the method of preparation. To assess the quality of a finished product, there should be some basic standards as well as methods of preparation. There are several parameters for testing the quality of a chemical drug, which have, are true indicators. So, there is no problem in assessing a synthetic drug’s quality. As far as the preparation used in Ayurvedic system of medicine, a drug formulation or design may not be a problem, because many formulations are well documented in classical texts. But, there is confusion with respect to standards to be followed while preparing a formulation as well as basic parameters to assess the quality of the finished product. In Ayurveda, pañcavidhakasayakalpana are the basic pharmaceutical preparations, from which all the other preparations are developed. A specific method for each and every preparation and some basic standards of finished products are mentioned in Ayurvedic texts to maintain their quality. This information may some times vary from text to text. To overcome this problem Sarangdhara mentioned detailed information about various formulations with respect to their methods of preparation as well as basic standards and are documented in Sarangdhara Samhita.</p> journalArticle Bulletin of the Indian Institute of History of Medicine (Hyderabad) 35 2 Bull Indian Inst Hist Med Hyderabad ISSN 0304-9558 Subhose Varanasi Srinivas Pitta Narayana Ala Formularies as Topic History, Ancient Medicine, Ayurvedic Pharmacy Plant Preparations Plants, Medicinal Basic principles of pharmaceutical science in Ayurvĕda 83-92 2005 Jul-Dec http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/17333665 2009-11-02 07:28:26 NCBI PubMed PMID: 17333665 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Pharmaceutical is one of the allied branches of science, which is closely associated with Medical science. Today pharmaceutical chemistry and pharmacognosy are playing important role in treatment for a disease and its prevention. Herbal medicines are being used by about 80% of the world population mostly in the developing countries in the primary health care. There has been an upsurge in demand for the Phyto-pharmaceutical products of Ayurveda in western nations, because of the fact that the synthetic drugs are considered to be unsafe. Due to this many national and multinational pharmaceutical companies are now concentrating on manufacturing of Ayurvedic Phyto-pharmaceutical products. Ayurveda is the Indian traditional system of medicine, which also deals about pharmaceutical science. The Ayurvedic knowledge of the pharmaceutical science is scattered in Ayurvedic classical texts. Saranghadhara Samhita, which is written by Saranghadhara, explain systematically about the information of the Ayurvedic pharmaceutical science and also updated it. Industrialized manufacturing of Ayurvedic dosage forms has brought in new challenges like deviation from basic concepts of medicine preparation. Saranghadhara Samrhita the devout text on pharmaceutics in Ayurveda comes handy to solve such problems, as the methods described are very lucid and easy to follow.</p> journalArticle Tripathi Y B Alzheimer Disease Arteriosclerosis Free Radicals Humans Medicine, Ayurvedic Models, Biological Molecular Biology Molecular approach to ayurveda 409-414 May 2000 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/11272402 2009-11-02 07:40:42 NCBI PubMed PMID: 11272402 Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 38 5 Indian J. Exp. Biol ISSN 0019-5189 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">In ayurvedic system of medicine, it is considered that a living system is made of panch-mahabuta, in the form of Vata, pitta and kapha at the physical level and satwa, raja and tama at the mental level. This covers the psychosomatic constitution and commonly known as the Tridosh theory. The imbalance in these body humours is the basic cause of any type of disease manifestation. Till date, several objective parameters have been proposed to monitor the level of these basic humours but none of them is complete. In this exercise, now it is proposed to consider free radical theory of diseases as one of the objective parameters. To be more specific, vata can be monitored in terms of membrane bound signal transduction, pitta as the process of phosphorylation and de-phosphorylation of different proteins (signalling moieties and enzymes) and kapha can be viewed as the degree of gene expression as protein synthesis. This can be correlated with the ojas of the body or total body defence mechanism.</p> journalArticle Hutchinson Janis Faye Sharp Richard Karma, reincarnation, and medicine: Hindu perspectives on biomedical research 107-111 Dec 2008 Karma, reincarnation, and medicine http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19479363 2009-11-09 06:01:10 NCBI PubMed PMID: 19479363 Genomic Medicine 2 3-4 Genomic Med DOI 10.1007/s11568-009-9079-4 ISSN 1871-7934 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Prior to the completion of the Human Genome Project, bioethicists and other academics debated the impact of this new genetic information on medicine, health care, group identification, and peoples’ lives. A major issue is the potential for unintended and intended adverse consequences to groups and individuals. When conducting research in, for instance, American Indian and Alaskan native (AI/AN) populations, political, cultural, religious and historical issues must be considered. Among African Americans, the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment is a reminder of racism and discrimination in this country. The goal of the current study is to understand reasons for participating, or not, in genetic research such as the HapMap project and other genetic/medical research from the perspective of the Indian American community in Houston, Texas. In this article, we report on a topic central to this discussion among Indian Americans: karma and reincarnation. Both concepts are important beliefs when considering the body and what should happen to it. Karma and reincarnation are also important considerations in participation in medical and genetic research because, according to karma, what is done to the body can affect future existences and the health of future descendants. Such views of genetic and medical research are culturally mediated. Spiritual beliefs about the body, tissue, and fluids and what happens to them when separated from the body can influence ideas about the utility and acceptability of genetic research and thereby affect the recruitment process. Within this community it is understood that genetic and environmental factors contribute to complex diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and cancer; and acknowledgment of the significance of environmental stressors in the production of disease. A commitment to service, i.e. “betterment of humanity,” karmic beliefs, and targeting environmental stressors could be prominent avenues for public health campaigns in this population. This study suggests that minority status does not automatically indicate unwillingness to participate in genetic or medical research. Indian Americans were not skeptical about the potential benefits of biomedical research in comparison to other ethnic minority communities in the United States.</p> book London Routledge & Kegan Paul Hillier S. M Jewell J. A China History Medical care Medicine MEDICINE, Chinese Health Care and Traditional Medicine in China, 1800-1982 1983 ISBN 0710094256 library.bu.edu Library Catalog R601 .H5 1983 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Beginning with the period of the early expansion of Western missionary medicine, this account covers the chaotic years of Nationalist rule to the foundations of the People’s Republic in 1949. It trances the major influences on health care since then and describes the conflicts of State bureaucracy, Party and medical profession in their attempts to match political objectives in health care to resources available.</p> journalArticle Qiu R Z Beneficence Confucianism Ethical Theory Ethics, Medical History, Medieval History, Modern 1601- Human Characteristics Humanism Intention Medicine, Chinese Traditional Moral Obligations Paternalism Religious Philosophies Trust Value of Life Virtues Medicine--the art of humaneness: on ethics of traditional Chinese medicine 277-299 Aug 1988 Medicine--the art of humaneness http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/3058852 2009-11-03 06:19:58 NCBI PubMed PMID: 3058852 The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 13 3 J Med Philos ISSN 0360-5310 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">This essay discusses the ethics of traditional Chinese medicine. After a brief remark on the history of traditional Chinese medical ethics, the author outlines the Confucian ethics which formed the cultural context in which traditional Chinese medicine was evolving and constituted the core of its ethics. Then he argued that how Chinese physicians applied the principles of Confucian ethics in medicine and prescribed the attitude a physician should take to himself, to patients and to his colleagues. In the last part of the essay he discusses the characteristics of traditional Chinese medical ethics.</p> book Cambridge Mass. Harvard University Press Barnes Linda Needles, herbs, gods, and ghosts : China, healing, and the West to 1848 2005 ISBN 9780674018723 Needles, herbs, gods, and ghosts Open WorldCat journalArticle Philosophy East and West 45 1 ISSN 00318221 Birdwhistell Anne D. Medicine and History as Theoretical Tools in a Confucian Pragmatism 1-28 Jan., 1995 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/1399507 2009-11-09 05:09:21 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Jan., 1995 / Copyright © 1995 University of Hawai'i Press journalArticle Alter Joseph S China Colonialism Historiography History of Medicine History, 20th Century History, Ancient History, Medieval Medicine, Chinese Traditional Medicine, Unani Pakistan Rethinking the history of medicine in Asia: Hakim Mohammed Said and the Society for the Promotion of Eastern Medicine 1165-1186 Nov 2008 Rethinking the history of medicine in Asia http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19149016 2009-11-03 06:15:15 NCBI PubMed PMID: 19149016 The Journal of Asian Studies 67 4 J Asian Stud ISSN 0021-9118 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">In 1963 Hakim Mohammed Said took a Pakistani delegation from the Society for the Promotion of Eastern Medicine on a monthlong trip to China to meet with and learn from practitioners of Traditional Chinese Medicine. This essay focuses on Said’s interpretation of the history of medicine in Asia, which was inspired by his trip and informed by a broad, global understanding of how Unani medicine developed from the eighth century to the present. Said’s advocacy of Eastern Medicine provides a way to think about the history of medicine and medical revitalization that is not limited by colonial, postcolonial, or nationalist assumptions and priorities.</p> book Berkeley University of California Press Unschuld Paul U MEDICINE, Chinese Philosophy Medicine in China: A History of Ideas 1985 ISBN 0520050231 Medicine in China library.bu.edu Library Catalog R602 .U56 1985 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">In the first comprehensive and analytical study of therapeutic concepts and practices in China, Paul Unschuld traces the history of documented health care from its earliest extant records to present developments.</p> journalArticle Asian Folklore Studies 35 1 ISSN 03852342 Schiffeler John Wm. The Origin of Chinese Folk Medicine 17-35 1976 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/1177648 2009-10-13 04:00:47 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: 1976 / Copyright © 1976 Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture journalArticle Janes Craig R. The Transformations of Tibetan Medicine 6-39 Mar., 1995 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/648555 2009-11-09 04:59:48 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Mar., 1995 / Copyright © 1995 American Anthropological Association New Series Medical Anthropology Quarterly 9 1 ISSN 07455194 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">This article presents a cultural and historical analysis of 20th-century Tibetan medicine. In its expansion into the state bureaucracy, Tibetan medicine has acceded to institutional modernity through transformations in theory, practice, and methods for training physicians. Despite Chinese rule in Tibet, however, Tibetan medicine has not yielded completely to state interests. With the collapsing of the traditionally pluralistic Tibetan health system into the professional sector of Tibetan medicine, contemporary Tibetan medicine has become to the laity a font of ethnic revitalization and resistance to the modernization policies of the Chinese state. These processes are particularly evident in the elaboration of disorders of rlung, a class of sicknesses that, collectively, have come to symbolize the suffering inherent in rapid social, economic, and political change.</p> journalArticle BMJ: British Medical Journal 319 7215 ISSN 09598138 Vickers Andrew Zollman Catherine ABC of Complementary Medicine: Acupuncture 973-976 Oct. 9, 1999 ABC of Complementary Medicine http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/25186035 2009-11-09 05:27:07 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Oct. 9, 1999 / Copyright © 1999 BMJ Publishing Group book Magdalena, NM Three Pines Press Kohn Livia Health Hygiene, Taoist Religious aspects Daoist Body Cultivation: Traditional Models and Contemporary Practices 2006 ISBN 1931483051 Daoist Body Cultivation library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog RA776.5 .D327 2006 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Presented by a group of dedicated scholars and practitioners, this volume covers the key practices of medical healing, breathing techniques, diets and fasting, healing exercises, sexual practices, Qigong, and Taiji quan.</p> journalArticle Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.) 12 4 J Altern Complement Med DOI 10.1089/acm.2006.12.351 ISSN 1075-5535 Shinnick Phillip Attitude to Health Breathing Exercises China Evidence-Based Medicine Humans Mind-Body Relations (Metaphysics) Qi Research Design Tai Ji United States Qigong: where did it come from? Where does it fit in science? What are the advances? 351-353 May 2006 Qigong http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/16722782 2009-11-02 18:11:25 NCBI PubMed PMID: 16722782 book North Atlantic Books Holland Alex Voices of Qi: An Introductory Guide to Traditional Chinese Medicine 2000 ISBN 9781556433269 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">The physiological systems through which traditional Chinese medicine works are discussed, as well as acupuncture, moxibustion, Chinese herbal medicine, and how to select a practitioner.</p> book Stanford Calif. Stanford University Press Strickmann Michel Chinese magical medicine 2002 ISBN 9780804734493 Open WorldCat <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">This book argues that the most profound and far-reaching effects of Buddhism on Chinese culture occurred at the level of practice, specifically in religious rituals designed to cure people of disease, demonic possession, and bad luck. This practice would leave its most lasting imprint on the liturgical tradition of Taoism. In focusing on religious practice, it provides a corrective to traditional studies of Chinese religion, which overemphasize metaphysics and spirituality.</p> journalArticle Adams Vincanne The Sacred in the Scientific: Ambiguous Practices of Science in Tibetan Medicine 542-575 Nov., 2001 The Sacred in the Scientific http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/656648 2009-11-09 04:29:54 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Issue Title: Anthropology and/in/of Science / Full publication date: Nov., 2001 / Copyright © 2001 American Anthropological Association Cultural Anthropology 16 4 ISSN 08867356 journalArticle Hinrichs T. J. New Geographies of Chinese Medicine 287-325 1998 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/301886 2009-10-13 04:08:33 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Issue Title: Beyond Joseph Needham: Science, Technology, and Medicine in East and Southeast Asia / Full publication date: 1998 / Copyright © 1998 The University of Chicago Press 2nd Series Osiris 13 ISSN 03697827 journalArticle The Journal of Asian Studies 58 4 ISSN 00219118 Xu Jian Body, Discourse, and the Cultural Politics of Contemporary Chinese Qigong 961-991 Nov., 1999 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/2658492 2009-10-13 03:53:25 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Nov., 1999 / Copyright © 1999 Association for Asian Studies journalArticle Li Wei-Feng Jiang Jian-Guo Chen Jian Humans Medicine, Chinese Traditional Chinese medicine and its modernization demands 246-251 Feb 2008 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/18164973 2009-11-03 06:16:24 NCBI PubMed PMID: 18164973 Archives of Medical Research 39 2 Arch. Med. Res DOI 10.1016/j.arcmed.2007.09.011 ISSN 0188-4409 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">As a typical naturally derived drug, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has developed for several thousands of years and accumulated abundant human pharmacological information and experience to form an integrated theory system. However, the problems of lower product quality, substandard codes and standards, and under-enhancement of fundamental research have restricted its further development and acceptance internationally. In this review, we explain the origin and developmental history of TCM, species involved in TCM, and their distributions in biotaxy. According to the status and problems, it is concluded that TCM modernization has become necessary and urgent. Modernization of TCM means the combination of TCM with modern technology, modern academic thoughts, and modern scientific culture, in which the most important point is to elucidate the active component of TCM, especially the material foundation of compound prescriptions and their pharmacodynamic mechanisms. Technology of analytical chemistry (HPLC, HPCE, HSCCC, etc.) and molecular biology (patch clamp, gene clamp, gene chip, fluorescent probe, DNA TUNEL assay, in situ hybridization, etc.) are useful tools to realize the modernization of TCM. Based on those studies and achievements and coupled with computer technology, all TCM products will achieve digitalization and normalization. TCM modernization will provide the world with useful reference information on traditional medicines.</p> book Jia Huanguang Chinese medicine in post-Mao China : standardization and the context of modern science 1997 Chinese medicine in post-Mao China Open WorldCat journalArticle Cultural Anthropology 16 4 ISSN 08867356 Zhan Mei Does It Take a Miracle? Negotiating Knowledges, Identities, and Communities of Traditional Chinese Medicine 453-480 Nov., 2001 Does It Take a Miracle? http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/656646 2009-10-13 03:51:19 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Issue Title: Anthropology and/in/of Science / Full publication date: Nov., 2001 / Copyright © 2001 American Anthropological Association journalArticle Gale Deborah Dysart Gorman-Yao W M Anomie Asian Americans Attitude to Health Buddhism China Confucianism Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Health promotion Health Status Humans Medicine, Chinese Traditional Morale Morals Nurse's Role Philosophy, Medical Religious Philosophies Social Change spirituality Transcultural Nursing Unemployment Falungong: recent developments in Chinese notions of healing 124-127 2003 Falungong http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15000055 2009-11-13 17:46:51 NCBI PubMed PMID: 15000055 Journal of Cultural Diversity 10 4 J Cult Divers ISSN 1071-5568 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Transcultural nursing literature provides a rich picture of prominent Chinese health-related beliefs derived from the traditions of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. However, these traditional beliefs are being challenged and modified in response to public discussion of a new spiritual movement, Falungong (also spelled Falun Gong). This movement calling for personal and social renewal has arisen in reaction to significant political and economic upheavals in Chinese society. This paper presents an overview of the Falungong movement and the health beliefs it advances. Implications for U.S. nursing practice are discussed.</p> journalArticle Scheid Volker Remodeling the Arsenal of Chinese Medicine: Shared Pasts, Alternative Futures 136-159 Sep., 2002 Remodeling the Arsenal of Chinese Medicine http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/1049693 2009-11-10 06:25:17 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Issue Title: Global Perspectives on Complementary and Alternative Medicine / Full publication date: Sep., 2002 / Copyright © 2002 American Academy of Political and Social Science Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 583 ISSN 00027162 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">The discourse on alternative medicine assumes that medical practices exist as distinctive medical systems that compete with each other in plural health care systems. Anthropological and historical research clearly demonstrates, however, that this is not so. Many so-called traditional medicines are revealed as inventions of distinctly modern regimes of knowledge and institutional practice, while the political needs of healers and the epistemological desires of researchers converge in the construction of distinctive medical practices for description, classification, and comparison. This article draws on genealogy as a possible way out of this impasse. It shows how different generations of physicians of Chinese medicine employed the same four core concepts to reflect on their practice, imbuing them with ever new meanings to relate them to the changing demands of clinical and political practice. Examining these core concepts reveals something about the essence of Chinese medicine without reducing our analysis to a misguided search for cultural essences.</p> journalArticle New Series Science 299 5604 ISSN 00368075 Normile Dennis The New Face of Traditional Chinese Medicine 188-190 Jan. 10, 2003 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/3833313 2009-10-13 03:49:07 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Jan. 10, 2003 / Copyright © 2003 American Association for the Advancement of Science journalArticle Fei Wu "Gambling for Qi": Suicide and Family Politics in a Rural North China County 7-27 Jul., 2005 "Gambling for Qi" http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/20066064 2009-10-13 03:47:35 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Jul., 2005 / Copyright © 2005 Contemporary China Center, Australian National University The China Journal 54 ISSN 13249347 journalArticle Zhang Daqing Cheng Zhifan Medicine Is a Humane Art The Basic Principles of Professional Ethics in Chinese Medicine S8-S12 Jul. - Aug., 2000 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/3527656 2009-10-13 03:52:19 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Jul. - Aug., 2000 / Copyright © 2000 The Hastings Center The Hastings Center Report 30 4 ISSN 00930334 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">The value system of medical ethics in China has a long tradition that can be traced back to ancient times. Those values are reflected in the (Confucian) precept that “medicine is a humane art.” That is, medicine is not only a means to save people’s lives, but also a moral commitment to love people and free them from suffering through personal caring and medical treatment. Although this precept has been well accepted as the basic principle of professional ethics as general principle that emphasizes doctors’ self-accomplishment and self-restraint, there has never been a universally accepted professional code and binding principles in Chinese medicine comparable to the <span>Hippocratic Oath</span> in western medicine.</p> journalArticle Bahar Zuhal Okçay Hale Ozbiçakçi S Beşer Ayse Ustün Besti Oztürk Meryem Abortion, Induced Adult Attitude to Health Culture Educational Status Family Planning Services Female Humans ISLAM Maternal Health Services Questionnaires Religion and Medicine Turkey Women's Health The effects of Islam and traditional practices on women's health and reproduction The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Islam as a religion and culture on Turkish women's health. The study included 138 household members residing in the territory of three primary health care centers in Turkey: Güzelbahçe, Fahrettin Altay and Esentepe. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire prepared by a multidisciplinary team that included specialists from the departments of public health, psychiatric nursing and sociology. We found that the women's health behavior changed from traditional to rational as education levels increased, and that religious and traditional attitudes and behaviors were predominant in the countryside, especially practices related to pregnancy, delivery, the postpartum period, induced abortion and family planning. One of the most important prerequisites for the improvement of women's health is that nurses should know the religious practices and culture of the society for which they provide care, so that their efforts to protect and improve women's health will be effective. 557-570 Nov 2005 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/16312085 2009-11-02 18:36:11 NCBI PubMed PMID: 16312085 Nursing Ethics 12 6 Nurs Ethics ISSN 0969-7330 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Islam as a religion and culture on Turkish women’s health. The study included 138 household members residing in the territory of three primary health care centers in Turkey: Güzelbahçe, Fahrettin Altay and Esentepe. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire prepared by a multidisciplinary team that included specialists from the departments of public health, psychiatric nursing and sociology. We found that the women’s health behavior changed from traditional to rational as education levels increased, and that religious and traditional attitudes and behaviors were predominant in the countryside, especially practices related to pregnancy, delivery, the postpartum period, induced abortion and family planning. One of the most important prerequisites for the improvement of women’s health is that nurses should know the religious practices and culture of the society for which they provide care, so that their efforts to protect and improve women’s health will be effective.</p> journalArticle Baasher T A Alcoholism Attitude to Health Cultural Characteristics Health Behavior Health promotion Humans ISLAM Mental Disorders mental health Religion and Medicine Religion and Psychology Islam and mental health 372-376 May 2001 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/12690755 2009-11-02 18:44:39 NCBI PubMed PMID: 12690755 Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal = La Revue De Santé De La Méditerranée Orientale = Al-Majallah Al-Ṣiḥḥīyah Li-Sharq Al-Mutawassiṭ 7 3 East. Mediterr. Health J ISSN 1020-3397 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">This paper discusses the importance of a spiritual element in health with particular reference to mental health and Islam. The Islamic spiritual quest is outlined and some directives described. Specific examples are given of their application to health.</p> journalArticle Turgut Okan Yalta Kenan Tandogan Izzet Islamic legacy of cardiology: Inspirations from the holy sources The main source of all inspirational knowledge in Islam is indeed the Holy Qur'an. The verses of the Qur'an as well as the Hadeeth and Sunnah literature have also accumulated a number of teachings and practices in relation to cardiovascular medicine. Islam is actually a comprehensive system of life, which provides mankind with the best forms of balance between the mundane and the spiritual. Early era of Islamic medicine has generated some very famous and notable physicians. The greatest physician of this era was Avicenna who devoted a substantial section of his classic magnum opus, the Canon of Medicine, to cardiovascular disorders. The empirical guidelines and principles of the Qur'an and Sunnah might contribute to the understanding and evaluation of various disturbances of the heart and vessels. Islamic legacy will still continue to inspire the contemporary cardiology in investigating cardiovascular diseases. Oct 24, 2009 Islamic legacy of cardiology http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19857908 2009-11-02 18:15:45 NCBI PubMed PMID: 19857908 International Journal of Cardiology Int. J. Cardiol DOI 10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.09.470 ISSN 1874-1754 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">The main source of all inspirational knowledge in Islam is indeed the Holy Qur’an. The verses of the Qur’an as well as the Hadeeth and Sunnah literature have also accumulated a number of teachings and practices in relation to cardiovascular medicine. Islam is actually a comprehensive system of life, which provides mankind with the best forms of balance between the mundane and the spiritual. Early era of Islamic medicine has generated some very famous and notable physicians. The greatest physician of this era was Avicenna who devoted a substantial section of his classic magnum opus, the Canon of Medicine, to cardiovascular disorders. The empirical guidelines and principles of the Qur’an and Sunnah might contribute to the understanding and evaluation of various disturbances of the heart and vessels. Islamic legacy will still continue to inspire the contemporary cardiology in investigating cardiovascular diseases.</p> journalArticle Journal of Religion and Health 47 1 J Relig Health DOI 10.1007/s10943-007-9133-2 ISSN 1573-6571 Ally Yaseen Laher Sumaya Faith Healing Humans Interviews as Topic ISLAM Mental Disorders Religion and Psychology South Africa South African Muslim Faith Healers perceptions of mental illness: understanding, aetiology and treatment 45-56 Mar 2008 South African Muslim Faith Healers perceptions of mental illness http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19105000 2009-11-02 18:19:04 NCBI PubMed PMID: 19105000 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">The important role that religious beliefs may have on perceptions of mental illness cannot be ignored. Many religions including Islam advocate witchcraft and spirit possession--all of which are thought to influence the behaviour of a person so as to resemble that of a mentally ill individual. Thus this research explored Muslim Faith Healers perceptions of mental and spiritual illness in terms of their understanding of the distinctions between the two, the aetiologies and the treatments thereof. Six Muslim Healers in the Johannesburg community were interviewed and thematic content analysis was used to analyse the data. From the results it is clear that the faith healers were aware of the distinction between mental and spiritual illnesses. It was also apparent that Islam has a clear taxonomy that distinguishes illness and the causes thereof. Treatments are then advised accordingly. Thus this paper argues that the predominant Western view of the aetiology and understanding of mental illness needs to acknowledge the various culturally inclined taxonomies of mental illness so as to better understand and aid clients.</p> journalArticle Ajlouni Kamel M Arab World Ethics, Medical Female History, 20th Century History, Ancient History, Medieval Humans ISLAM Liability, Legal Male Medicine, Arabic Moral Obligations Quality of Health Care Social Values Values, qualifications, ethics and legal standards in Arabic (Islamic) medicine Many historians claim that the Western world pioneered in the setting of ethical, legal and professional standards in the practice of medicine. Informed medical consent is proposed by some as an American invention. Others claim that patient rights and legal protection propose have stated in the early decades of the 20th century. This review is an attempt to uncover the facts regarding the way Arabs practiced medicine during the golden era of Islam. Eight hundred to fifteen hundred AD this includes the qualification of physicians according to a well designed curricula covering the science and humanity of medicine. The rules governing the quality control of health care delivery system and to some degree the principles of informed medical consent and to a lesser degree the principles of litigation are discussed. We hope that this paper will be a call to all humanity loving persons to end prejudices against other people and to stop stereotyping. 820-826 Aug 2003 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/12939664 2009-11-02 18:27:52 NCBI PubMed PMID: 12939664 Saudi Medical Journal 24 8 Saudi Med J ISSN 0379-5284 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Many historians claim that the Western world pioneered in the setting of ethical, legal and professional standards in the practice of medicine. Informed medical consent is proposed by some as an American invention. Others claim that patient rights and legal protection propose have stated in the early decades of the 20th century. This review is an attempt to uncover the facts regarding the way Arabs practiced medicine during the golden era of Islam. Eight hundred to fifteen hundred AD this includes the qualification of physicians according to a well designed curricula covering the science and humanity of medicine. The rules governing the quality control of health care delivery system and to some degree the principles of informed medical consent and to a lesser degree the principles of litigation are discussed. We hope that this paper will be a call to all humanity loving persons to end prejudices against other people and to stop stereotyping.</p> journalArticle Saudi Medical Journal 30 7 Saudi Med J ISSN 0379-5284 Rady Mohamed Y Verheijde Joseph L Death Humans ISLAM Religion and Medicine Tissue and Organ Procurement Islam and end-of-life organ donation. Asking the right questions Organ transplantation has become an established treatment option for end-stage organ disease. Both living and end-of-life (so called deceased) organ donation narrow the gap between supply and demand for transplantable organs. Advances in human biology prove that death occurs as a gradual process over time and not as a single discrete event. Declaring death with either neurological criteria (heart-beating organ donation) or circulatory criteria (non-heart-beating organ donation) enables the procurement of transplantable organs before human death is complete, namely, from the incipiently dying donor. Thus, surgical procurement of organs from the incipiently dying donor is the proximate cause of death, raising new questions on end-of-life organ donation. It is imperative to first and foremost care for the patient as a dying person. International Muslim scholars should reevaluate previous Islamic rulings and provide guidance about current practice of end-of-life organ donation. 882-886 Jul 2009 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19618000 2009-11-02 18:17:11 NCBI PubMed PMID: 19618000 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Organ transplantation has become an established treatment option for end-stage organ disease. Both living and end-of-life (so called deceased) organ donation narrow the gap between supply and demand for transplantable organs. Advances in human biology prove that death occurs as a gradual process over time and not as a single discrete event. Declaring death with either neurological criteria (heart-beating organ donation) or circulatory criteria (non-heart-beating organ donation) enables the procurement of transplantable organs before human death is complete, namely, from the incipiently dying donor. Thus, surgical procurement of organs from the incipiently dying donor is the proximate cause of death, raising new questions on end-of-life organ donation. It is imperative to first and foremost care for the patient as a dying person. International Muslim scholars should reevaluate previous Islamic rulings and provide guidance about current practice of end-of-life organ donation.</p> journalArticle Padela A I Shanawani H Greenlaw J Hamid H Aktas M Chin N Adult Cultural Characteristics Emigrants and Immigrants Female Humans ISLAM Male Middle Aged Physicians Pilot Projects Professional Practice Qualitative Research Religion and Medicine United States The perceived role of Islam in immigrant Muslim medical practice within the USA: an exploratory qualitative study BACKGROUND: Islam and Muslims are underrepresented in the medical literature and the influence of physician's cultural beliefs and religious values upon the clinical encounter has been understudied. OBJECTIVE: To elicit the perceived influence of Islam upon the practice patterns of immigrant Muslim physicians in the USA. DESIGN: Ten face-to-face, in-depth, semistructured interviews with Muslim physicians from various backgrounds and specialties trained outside the USA and practising within the the country. Data were analysed according to the conventions of qualitative research using a modified grounded-theory approach. RESULTS: There were a variety of views on the role of Islam in medical practice. Several themes emerged from our interviews: (1) a trend to view Islam as enhancing virtuous professional behaviour; (2) the perception of Islam as influencing the scope of medical practice through setting boundaries on career choices, defining acceptable medical procedures and shaping social interactions with physician peers; (3) a perceived need for Islamic religious experts within Islamic medical ethical deliberation. Limitations: This is a pilot study intended to yield themes and hypotheses for further investigation and is not meant to fully characterise Muslim physicians at large. CONCLUSIONS: Immigrant Muslim physicians practising within the USA perceive Islam to play a variable role within their clinical practice, from influencing interpersonal relations and character development to affecting specialty choice and procedures performed. Areas of ethical challenges identified include catering to populations with lifestyles at odds with Islamic teachings, end-of-life care and maintaining a faith identity within the culture of medicine. Further study of the interplay between Islam and Muslim medical practice and the manner and degree to which Islamic values and law inform ethical decision-making is needed. 365-369 May 2008 The perceived role of Islam in immigrant Muslim medical practice within the USA http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/18448718 2009-11-02 18:24:19 NCBI PubMed PMID: 18448718 Journal of Medical Ethics 34 5 J Med Ethics DOI 10.1136/jme.2007.021345 ISSN 1473-4257 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Background: Islam and Muslims are underrepresented in the medical literature and the influence of physician’s cultural beliefs and religious values upon the clinical encounter has been understudied. Objective: To elicit the perceived influence of Islam upon the practice patterns of immigrant Muslim physicians in the USA. Design: Ten face-to-face, in-depth, semistructured interviews with Muslim physicians from various backgrounds and specialties trained outside the USA and practising within the the country. Data were analysed according to the conventions of qualitative research using a modified grounded-theory approach. Results: There were a variety of views on the role of Islam in medical practice. Several themes emerged from our interviews: (1) a trend to view Islam as enhancing virtuous professional behaviour; (2) the perception of Islam as influencing the scope of medical practice through setting boundaries on career choices, defining acceptable medical procedures and shaping social interactions with physician peers; (3) a perceived need for Islamic religious experts within Islamic medical ethical deliberation. Limitations: This is a pilot study intended to yield themes and hypotheses for further investigation and is not meant to fully characterise Muslim physicians at large. Conclusions: Immigrant Muslim physicians practising within the USA perceive Islam to play a variable role within their clinical practice, from influencing interpersonal relations and character development to affecting specialty choice and procedures performed. Areas of ethical challenges identified include catering to populations with lifestyles at odds with Islamic teachings, end-of-life care and maintaining a faith identity within the culture of medicine. Further study of the interplay between Islam and Muslim medical practice and the manner and degree to which Islamic values and law inform ethical decision-making is needed.</p> journalArticle Hessini Leila Abortion, Induced Africa, Northern Aftercare Contraception Cultural Characteristics Family Planning Services Female Health Policy Health Services Accessibility Humans ISLAM Middle East Patient Advocacy Pregnancy Women's Health Women's Rights Abortion and Islam: policies and practice in the Middle East and North Africa This paper provides an overview of legal, religious, medical and social factors that serve to support or hinder women's access to safe abortion services in the 21 predominantly Muslim countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, where one in ten pregnancies ends in abortion. Reform efforts, including progressive interpretations of Islam, have resulted in laws allowing for early abortion on request in two countries; six others permit abortion on health grounds and three more also allow abortion in cases of rape or fetal impairment. However, medical and social factors limit access to safe abortion services in all but Turkey and Tunisia. To address this situation, efforts are increasing in a few countries to introduce post-abortion care, document the magnitude of unsafe abortion and understand women's experience of unplanned pregnancy. Religious fatāwa have been issued allowing abortions in certain circumstances. An understanding of variations in Muslim beliefs and practices, and the interplay between politics, religion, history and reproductive rights is key to understanding abortion in different Muslim societies. More needs to be done to build on efforts to increase women's rights, engage community leaders, support progressive religious leaders and government officials and promote advocacy among health professionals. 75-84 May 2007 Abortion and Islam http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/17512379 2009-11-02 18:32:10 NCBI PubMed PMID: 17512379 Reproductive Health Matters 15 29 Reprod Health Matters DOI 10.1016/S0968-8080(06)29279-6 ISSN 0968-8080 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">This paper provides an overview of legal, religious, medical and social factors that serve to support or hinder women’s access to safe abortion services in the 21 predominantly Muslim countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, where one in ten pregnancies ends in abortion. Reform efforts, including progressive interpretations of Islam, have resulted in laws allowing for early abortion on request in two countries; six others permit abortion on health grounds and three more also allow abortion in cases of rape or fetal impairment. However, medical and social factors limit access to safe abortion services in all but Turkey and Tunisia. To address this situation, efforts are increasing in a few countries to introduce post-abortion care, document the magnitude of unsafe abortion and understand women’s experience of unplanned pregnancy. Religious fatawa have been issued allowing abortions in certain circumstances. An understanding of variations in Muslim beliefs and practices, and the interplay between politics, religion, history and reproductive rights is key to understanding abortion in different Muslim societies. More needs to be done to build on efforts to increase women’s rights, engage community leaders, support progressive religious leaders and government officials and promote advocacy among health professionals.</p> journalArticle Human Fertility (Cambridge, England) 3 2 Hum Fertil (Camb) Husain Fatima Reproductive issues from the Islamic perspective The Islamic faith is regarded by its followers, Muslims, as a complete way of life. A multitude of nationalities practise Islam and also various sects, and as a result there are various interpretations of Qur'anic guidance relating to almost every matter. Only a fully qualified jurist of the highest rank can issue edicts on problems that are not already clearly addressed in the Qur'an. This applies to contemporary issues and any Muslim is at liberty to debate and dialogue with the religious leader to obtain a ruling on a specific question. Marriage is described as half the faith in Islam and to have children is seen as a great blessing. There is no religious objection to an infertile married couple pursuing any form of infertility treatment including in vitro fertilization, surgical sperm retrieval and micro-assisted conception methods. However, there must be strict control to ensure that the gametes belong to the husband and wife. This relationship is described as 'halal' (permitted), whereas any union of gametes outside a marital bond, whether by adultery or in the laboratory, is 'haraam' (forbidden). Therefore, donor sperm pregnancies are strictly forbidden in all schools of Islamic law. The advent of ovum donation and surrogacy has led some Islamic scholars to allow this procedure between co-wives thereby avoiding the 'haraam' relationship between sperm and egg, but there is still debate on the definition of the mother. Similarly, treating any other situation outside a marriage relationship, for example fertilization of an ovum from cryopreserved sperm after divorce of the couple or death of the husband would be 'haraam' and strictly forbidden. The Qur'anic guidance is quite clear that the couple can pursue all permitted treatments but may need to accept that they may not achieve a pregnancy. Adoption is encouraged in Islam with the specific rule that the child must be able to identify its biological father by keeping his name. It must be emphasized that Muslims will vary on their degree of adherence to the faith and the practitioner should present all the options to the couple without assuming which treatments they will or will not accept. 124-128 2000 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/11844368 2009-11-02 18:50:22 NCBI PubMed PMID: 11844368 <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Garamond;">The Islamic faith is regarded by its followers, Muslims, as a complete way of life. A multitude of nationalities practice Islam and also various sects, and as a result there are various interpretations of Qur’anic guidance relating to almost every matter. Only a fully qualified jurist of the highest rank can issue edicts on problems that are not already clearly addressed in the Qur’an. This applies to contemporary issues and any Muslim is at liberty to debate and dialogue with the religious leader to obtain a ruling on a specific question. Marriage is described as half the faith in Islam and to have children is seen as a great blessing. There is no religious objection to an infertile married couple pursuing any form of infertility treatment including in vitro fertilization, surgical sperm retrieval and micro-assisted conception methods. However, there must be strict control to ensure that the gametes belong to the husband and wife. This relationship is described as ‘halal’ (permitted), whereas any union of gametes outside a marital bond, whether by adultery or in the laboratory, is ‘haraam’ (forbidden). Therefore, donor sperm pregnancies are strictly forbidden in all schools of Islamic law. The advent of ovum donation and surrogacy has led some Islamic scholars to allow this procedure between co-wives thereby avoiding the ‘haraam’ relationship between sperm and egg, but there is still debate on the definition of the mother. Similarly, treating any other situation outside a marriage relationship, for example fertilization of an ovum from cryopreserved sperm after divorce of the couple or death of the husband would be ‘haraam’ and strictly forbidden. The Qur’anic guidance is quite clear that the couple can pursue all permitted treatments but may need to accept that they may not achieve a pregnancy. Adoption is encouraged in Islam with the specific rule that the child must be able to identify its biological father by keeping his name. It must be emphasized that Muslims will vary on their degree of adherence to the faith and the practitioner should present all the options to the couple without assuming which treatments they will or will not accept.</span></p> journalArticle Serour G I Cloning, Organism Cryopreservation Female Gene Therapy Humans Infertility ISLAM Male Menopause Posthumous Conception Pregnancy Pregnancy Reduction, Multifetal Religion and Medicine Reproduction Reproductive Techniques, Assisted Sex Preselection Surrogate Mothers Uterus Islamic perspectives in human reproduction Assisted reproductive technology is widely practised around the world for the treatment of virtually all forms of infertility. The application of this technology in the Islamic world had been delayed for many years, based on the misconception that Islamic teachings do not approve assisted reproduction. The paper discusses derivation of Islamic rulings and its impact on the ethics of contemporary issues, including family formation and assisted reproduction. It clearly shows that Islam encourages family formation and assisted reproduction, when indicated, within the frame of marriage. It also discusses differences among Muslim sects, Sunni and Shi'aa. The paper also discusses Islamic rulings on the new emerging practices in assisted reproduction, including surrogacy, multifetal pregnancy reduction, cryopreservation, pregnancy in the post-menopausal period, sex selection and embryo implantation following the husband's death. The moral status of the embryo in Islam is discussed. Organ differentiation and ensoulment are believed to occur at 42 days after fertilization at the earliest. As individuation of the embryo does not occur before 14 days from fertilization, research on surplus embryos during this period is allowed. Similarly, preimplantation genetic diagnosis, gene therapy and non-reproductive cloning for the benefit of humanity are ethically acceptable in Islam. This information should help physicians in their decision before conscientious objection to offering various modalities of assisted reproduction to their infertile patients. 34-38 2008 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/18983735 2009-11-02 18:19:53 NCBI PubMed PMID: 18983735 Reproductive Biomedicine Online 17 Suppl 3 Reprod. Biomed. Online ISSN 1472-6491 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Assisted reproductive technology is widely practised around the world for the treatment of virtually all forms of infertility. The application of this technology in the Islamic world had been delayed for many years, based on the misconception that Islamic teachings do not approve assisted reproduction. The paper discusses derivation of Islamic rulings and its impact on the ethics of contemporary issues, including family formation and assisted reproduction. It clearly shows that Islam encourages family formation and assisted reproduction, when indicated, within the frame of marriage. It also discusses differences among Muslim sects, Sunni and Shi’aa. The paper also discusses Islamic rulings on the new emerging practices in assisted reproduction, including surrogacy, multifetal pregnancy reduction, cryopreservation, pregnancy in the post-menopausal period, sex selection and embryo implantation following the husband’s death. The moral status of the embryo in Islam is discussed. Organ differentiation and ensoulment are believed to occur at 42 days after fertilization at the earliest. As individuation of the embryo does not occur before 14 days from fertilization, research on surplus embryos during this period is allowed. Similarly, preimplantation genetic diagnosis, gene therapy and non-reproductive cloning for the benefit of humanity are ethically acceptable in Islam. This information should help physicians in their decision before conscientious objection to offering various modalities of assisted reproduction to their infertile patients.</p> journalArticle Mebrouk Jette Data Collection Female Humans ISLAM Male Nurse-Patient Relations Nurses Nursing SAUDI Arabia Terminal Care Perception of nursing care: views of Saudi Arabian female nurses 'Values are principles and standards that have meaning and worth to an individual, family, group, or community' (Purnell & Paulanka 1998: p.3). Values are central to the care provided by nurses. The provision of nursing care within the context of value clarification, has been explored from various perspectives, however, as values vary within cultures, there is a limited range of studies reflecting on Saudi Arabian nurses' perspectives of nursing care. Through a Heideggerian phenomenological research design, six nurses were enrolled through purposive sampling. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews, which were audio tape-recorded, were chosen as the methods of data collection. A seven stage framework approach was applied to analyse and organise the research findings in three conceptual themes: values in context of Islam, the nurse-patient relationship, and identity's influence on being in the world of nursing. The findings of the research indicate that values in nursing and the perception of care are closely linked to the Islamic values of the informants. However, one of the most challenging aspects emerging from this study is related to these nurses' experiences related to the public's negative perception of nursing as a profession for Saudi Arabian women. 149-161 Apr 2008 Perception of nursing care http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/18844568 2009-11-02 18:21:14 NCBI PubMed PMID: 18844568 Contemporary Nurse: A Journal for the Australian Nursing Profession 28 1-2 Contemp Nurse ISSN 1037-6178 <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Garamond;">Values are principles and standards that have meaning and worth to an individual, family, group, or community’ (Purnell &amp; Paulanka 1998: p.3). Values are central to the care provided by nurses. The provision of nursing care within the context of value clarification, has been explored from various perspectives, however, as values vary within cultures, there is a limited range of studies reflecting on Saudi Arabian nurses’ perspectives of nursing care. Through a Heideggerian phenomenological research design, six nurses were enrolled through purposive sampling. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews, which were audio tape-recorded, were chosen as the methods of data collection. A seven stage framework approach was applied to analyse and organise the research findings in three conceptual themes: values in context of Islam, the nurse-patient relationship, and identity’s influence on being in the world of nursing. The findings of the research indicate that values in nursing and the perception of care are closely linked to the Islamic values of the informants. However, one of the most challenging aspects emerging from this study is related to these nurses’ experiences related to the public’s negative perception of nursing as a profession for Saudi Arabian women.</span></p> book Collected studies CS330 Aldershot, Hampshire, Great Britain Variorum Rosenthal Franz collected works History History of Medicine, Medieval Islamic Empire Medicine, Arab Medicine, Arabic Science Science and Medicine in Islam: A Collection of Essays 1990 ISBN 0860782824 Science and Medicine in Islam library.bu.edu Library Catalog Q127.M628 R67 1990 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">The achievements of medieval Muslim scholars in the fields of philosophy, science and medicine are now well recognized, and Franz Rosenthal’s work has been instrumental in helping us to understand these. In this third collection of his articles, he demonstrates the information to be gained from tracing the Greek roots of the science and medicine of the Islamic world in the Middle Ages. Of particular concern here are the Hellenistic or late Hellenistic authors such as Galen, Hippocrates or Ptolemy. These articles show how Muslim writers have preserved much that has been lost in the Greek and played a vital part in ensuring the continuity of the classical tradition, and examine some of the specific ways in which they reacted to and developed it. They also deal with questions such as the place of the physician in society and the medical attitude towards homosexuality. As previously, the opportunity has been taken to add extra notes, and there is further included, published for the first time, a complete bibliography of the author’s works.</p> journalArticle Gilbert Sarah S Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adolescent Adult Female Humans ISLAM Male Questionnaires Religion and Sex Senegal Sexual behavior Students Young Adult The influence of Islam on AIDS prevention among Senegalese university students Few studies have attempted to quantify Islam's contributions to HIV/AIDS prevention. Senegal has involved Muslim leaders in its prevention campaign for over a decade. Senegal also has the lowest HIV/AIDS prevalence rate in sub-Saharan Africa. This study examines how Islam influences AIDS prevention by testing whether Senegalese participants' religiosity scores explain their risky decisions associated with sex, condom use, and drug use. Participants with higher religiosity scores were more likely to abstain from sex. However, participants high in religiosity were not more likely to report that they did not use condoms when sexually active. 399-407 Oct 2008 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/18956981 2009-11-02 18:20:37 NCBI PubMed PMID: 18956981 AIDS Education and Prevention: Official Publication of the International Society for AIDS Education 20 5 AIDS Educ Prev DOI 10.1521/aeap.2008.20.5.399 ISSN 1943-2755 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Few studies have attempted to quantify Islam’s contributions to HIV/AIDS prevention. Senegal has involved Muslim leaders in its prevention campaign for over a decade. Senegal also has the lowest HIV/AIDS prevalence rate in sub-Saharan Africa. This study examines how Islam influences AIDS prevention by testing whether Senegalese participants’ religiosity scores explain their risky decisions associated with sex, condom use, and drug use. Participants with higher religiosity scores were more likely to abstain from sex. However, participants high in religiosity were not more likely to report that they did not use condoms when sexually active.</p> journalArticle Sarhill N LeGrand S Islambouli R Davis M P Walsh D Attitude to Death Attitude to Health Cultural Diversity Ethics, Medical Funeral Rites Grief Humans ISLAM Patient Advocacy Resuscitation Orders Terminal Care United States The terminally ill Muslim: death and dying from the Muslim perspective Islam holds life as sacred and belonging to God and that all creatures will die one day. Suicide is forbidden. Muslims believe death is only a transition between two different lives. The terminally ill Muslim desires to perform five ritual requirements. Do not resuscitate (DNR) orders are acceptable. A deceased Muslim must always be buried after being ritually washed and wrapped. There are different Muslim schools of thought, but they are united regarding their views on death and dying. 251-255 2001 Jul-Aug The terminally ill Muslim http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/11467099 2009-11-02 18:51:18 NCBI PubMed PMID: 11467099 The American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Care 18 4 Am J Hosp Palliat Care ISSN 1049-9091 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Islam holds life as sacred and belonging to God and that all creatures will die one day. Suicide is forbidden. Muslims believe death is only a transition between two different lives. The terminally ill Muslim desires to perform five ritual requirements. Do not resuscitate (DNR) orders are acceptable. A deceased Muslim must always be buried after being ritually washed and wrapped. There are different Muslim schools of thought, but they are united regarding their views on death and dying.</p> book Studies in African health and medicine v. 6 Lewiston E. Mellen Press Abdalla Ismail Hussein Hausa (African people) History ISLAM Medicine Medicine, Arab Medicine, Arabic Nigeria Religion and Medicine TRADITIONAL medicine Islam, Medicine, and Practitioners in Northern Nigeria 1997 ISBN 0773486550 library.bu.edu Library Catalog R653.N6 A23 1997 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">The author of this text argues that, although the Islamic and the pre-Islamic Hausa medical systems have much in common, their theoretical and conceptual frameworks are different. They operate from different understandings of the causes of disease and misfortune, and of the appropriate methods to be employed to restore health or alleviate suffering. The book also discusses another significant difference between the Islamic and non-Islamic Hausa medical systems: the mode of preserving and communicating medical knowledge. The early history of Islamic medicine is also described, and its theories, concepts and historical developments are explored.</p> journalArticle Weatherhead Stephen Daiches Anna Muslim views on mental health and psychotherapy Sep 4, 2009 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19735608 2009-11-09 06:10:10 NCBI PubMed PMID: 19735608 Psychology and Psychotherapy Psychol Psychother DOI 10.1348/147608309X467807 ISSN 1476-0835 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Objectives: The aim of this research was to explore with a heterogeneous Muslim population their understanding of the concept of mental health and how any mental distress experienced by an individual can best be addressed. Design: A qualitative approach was taken. Participants were interviewed, and data analysed thematically. Methods: A sample of 14 Muslims was interviewed according to a semi-structured interview schedule. Participants were recruited via electronic mailing lists, and communications with local Muslim organizations. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Thematic analysis identified seven operationalizing themes that were given the labels ‘causes’, ‘problem management’, ‘relevance of services’, ‘barriers’, ‘service delivery’, ‘therapy content’, and ‘therapist characteristics’. Conclusions: The results highlight the interweaving of religious and secular perspectives on mental distress and responses to it. Potential barriers are discussed, as are the important characteristics of therapy, therapists, and service provision. Clinical implications are presented along with the limitations of this study and suggestions for future research.</p> journalArticle Al-Kassimi Mohammad Abortion, Induced Blood Transfusion Female Fertilization in Vitro Hospitals, University Humans ISLAM Male Organ Transplantation Physician-Patient Relations Pregnancy Religion and Medicine SAUDI Arabia Sterilization, Reproductive Cultural differences: practising medicine in an Islamic country 52-53 2003 Jan-Feb Cultural differences http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/12617415 2009-11-02 18:45:14 NCBI PubMed PMID: 12617415 Clinical Medicine (London, England) 3 1 Clin Med ISSN 1470-2118 @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p>Islam and Muslims have been in the headlines recently for one reason or another. But the practice of medicine in an Islamic conservative country such as Saudi Arabia has not been adequately reported. Many questions about cultural differences in the practice of medicine have been directed at me by non-Muslim colleagues. Below, I have tried to answer some of them after practising at a university hospital in Saudi Arabia for the last 25 years.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> book Islamic surveys 11 Edinburgh Edinburgh University Press Ullmann Manfred Medicine, Arab Islamic Medicine 1978 ISBN 0852243251 library.bu.edu Library Catalog D199.3 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">This highly readable survey describes the development of Islamic medicine and its influence on Western medical thought. It explains the main features of Islamic medicine: its system of human physiology; its ideas about the nature of disease; its rules for diet and the use of drugs; and its relationship with astrology and the occult.</p> book Sa'adu Zungur Kano Triumph Pub. Co. Ltd. Ahmed Musa Health and healing in the Qur'an 1998 ISBN 9789781880506 Open WorldCat book Health/medicine and the faith traditions New York Crossroad Rahman Fazlur Health Medicine Religious aspects Health and Medicine in the Islamic Tradition: Change And Identity 1987 ISBN 0824507975 Health and Medicine in the Islamic Tradition library.bu.edu Library Catalog BP166.72 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">This is a pioneering attempt to portray the relationship of Islam as a system of faith and as a tradition to human health and health care. The author explores Wellness and Illness in the Islamic World view, the Religious Valuation of Medicine, The Prophetic Medicine, Medical Care, Medical Ethics and Passages.</p> book International library of Iranian studies 6 London Tauris Academic Studies Loeffler Agnes Gertrud Anthropological aspects Iran Medicine, Traditional Public health Social medicine TRADITIONAL medicine Allopathy Goes Native: Traditional Versus Modern Medicine in Iran 2007 ISBN 9781850439424 Allopathy Goes Native library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog R632 .L64 2007 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Allopathy is often described as “western” medicine, the antithesis of homeopathy. Allopathy Goes Native is an ethnographic investigation of how allopathic knowledge, theories and practice guidelines come to be understood and applied by native practitioners in a non-western context. Based on research among allopathic doctors in Iran, Loeffler describes how the system of allopathic medicine has adapted to indigenous explanations of health and disease and to the economic, social and religio-political realities framing contemporary Iranian life and culture. This approach simultaneously problematizes the view of allopathic medicine as a “western” entity exerting a hegemonic influence over non-western cultures and provides a rare glimpse of the complexities of life in modern Iran denied most western scholars. It is an essential supplement to the current anthropological literature on Iran.</p> journalArticle Social History of Medicine: The Journal of the Society for the Social History of Medicine / SSHM 13 2 Soc Hist Med ISSN 0951-631X Alvarez-Millan C Eye Diseases History, Medieval Humans ISLAM Medicine Middle East Philosophy, Medical Practice Management, Medical Practice versus theory: tenth-century case histories from the Islamic Middle East 293-306 Aug 2000 Practice versus theory http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/14535258 2009-11-02 18:41:41 NCBI PubMed PMID: 14535258 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Medicine and disease in medieval Islam have thus far been approached through theoretic medical treatises, on the assumption that learned medical texts are a transparent account of reality. A question yet to be sufficiently explored is the extent to which the ideas and theoretical principles they contain were actually carried out in practice. This paper deals with the description of diseases occurring in a tenth-century Casebook (Kitab al-Tajarib) by Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariya’ al-Razi (known to Europeans as Rhazes)-the largest and oldest collection of case histories, so far as is known, in medieval Islamic medical literature. Since the author was a prolific medical writer, this study also includes a review of his medical and therapeutic principles dealing with eye diseases, as described in his learned treatises, and a comparison with those therapies actually employed in his everyday practice, as exemplified by the Casebook. The comparative analysis shows that the medical knowledge and the therapeutic advice so meticulously described in theoretical works were not paralleled in the physician’s medical performance. On the contrary, it appears that learned treatises served other purposes than determining medical practice.</p> journalArticle Cattermole Giles N Blood Circulation History, 16th Century Humans ISLAM Medicine, Arabic Pulmonary Medicine How Islam changed medicine: Al-Nafis, Servetus, and Colombo 120-121 Jan 14, 2006 How Islam changed medicine http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/16410599 2009-11-02 18:35:19 NCBI PubMed PMID: 16410599 BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) 332 7533 BMJ DOI 10.1136/bmj.332.7533.120-c ISSN 1468-5833 journalArticle Brewer Harry Arab World History of Nursing History, Ancient Hospitals Humans Medicine, Arabic Medicine, Traditional Historical perspectives on health. Early Arabic medicine 184-187 Jul 2004 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/15301318 2009-11-02 18:39:30 NCBI PubMed PMID: 15301318 The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health 124 4 J R Soc Promot Health ISSN 1466-4240 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">The Arabian conquests during and after the 7th century led to a spread of Islam as well as the consequential influence of theology on health through the teachings of the Qur’an (Koran). Although traditional medicine was widely accepted and used, the character of early aggrandisement of Arabic medicine involved a facility for adapting and absorbing Graeco-Roman knowledge. The translation schools and libraries, famous in both the East and West, preserved and expanded the knowledge acquired. European academic learning owed much to the Arabs. Information came through Spain to Italy, France and, later on, England. The founding of hospitals, whilst not an Arab initiative, received a fillip from the religious prescriptions for care of the sick. The Military Orders developed specialist institutions for the sick, probably as a result of what they saw during their sojourn in the Middle East. The legacy of Arabic medical care is still with us today and deserves understanding and greater appreciation.</p> journalArticle Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal = La Revue De Santé De La Méditerranée Orientale = Al-Majallah Al-Ṣiḥḥīyah Li-Sharq Al-Mutawassiṭ 7 3 East. Mediterr. Health J ISSN 1020-3397 Mohit A Arab World Attitude to Health Health Services Needs and Demand History, 15th Century History, 16th Century History, 17th Century History, 18th Century History, 19th Century History, 20th Century History, 21st Century History, Ancient History, Medieval Humans ISLAM Medicine, Arabic mental health Mental Health Services Middle East Philosophy Psychiatry Religion and Medicine Religion and Psychology Mental health and psychiatry in the Middle East: historical development 336-347 May 2001 Mental health and psychiatry in the Middle East http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/12690751 2009-11-02 18:28:33 NCBI PubMed PMID: 12690751 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">A brief account is given of attitudes towards mental health and the development of psychiatry in the Middle East from an historical perspective. The Middle East is considered as a cultural entity and the influence of the beliefs and practices of ancient times on the collective mind of the people of the Region is discussed.</p> journalArticle BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) 332 7533 BMJ DOI 10.1136/bmj.332.7533.120-b ISSN 1468-5833 Urquhart John General Surgery History, 19th Century History, Medieval ISLAM Medicine, Arabic How Islam changed medicine: Ibn Sina (Avicenna) saw medicine and surgery as one 120 Jan 14, 2006 How Islam changed medicine http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/16410600 2009-11-02 18:35:04 NCBI PubMed PMID: 16410600 journalArticle Medicine and Law 21 2 Med Law ISSN 0723-1393 Chipman Leigh N B Ethics, Professional History, Medieval ISLAM Pharmacy The professional ethics of medieval pharmacists in the Islamic world 321-338 2002 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/12184610 2009-11-02 18:48:18 NCBI PubMed PMID: 12184610 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Most work on Islamic medical ethics has been in relation to the physician, yet physicians are only one category of many health-related professionals. In view of its role as mediator between the layman and medication, pharmacy is of perhaps equal importance. In medieval Islam, there seems to have been a clear differentiation between the physician and the pharmacist. However, most of our sources reflect the physician’s point of view. A text which uniquely reflects that of the pharmacist is the thirteenth-century Minhaj al-dukkan by al-Kuhin al-’Attar of Cairo. A comparison between the ethical contents of this book, and of similar works aimed at physicians, can indicate what the differences and similarities were between the “good physician” and the “good pharmacist.” Interestingly, the language used to define the “go od” professional is religiously neutral--there is nothing to evince a particular identity, beyond a general monotheism, on the part of the writers.</p> journalArticle Tubbs R Shane Loukas Marios Shoja Mohammadali M Ardalan Mohammad Oakes W Jerry Books Brain Diseases History, Medieval Iraq Medicine, Arabic Spinal Cord Diseases Ibn Jazlah and his 11th century accounts (Taqwim al-abdan fi tadbir al-insan) of disease of the brain and spinal cord. Historical vignette 314-317 Sep 2008 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/18928231 2009-11-02 18:20:54 NCBI PubMed PMID: 18928231 Journal of Neurosurgery. Spine 9 3 J Neurosurg Spine ISSN 1547-5654 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">The 11th century was culturally and medicinally one of the most exciting periods in the history of Islam. Medicine of this day was influenced by the Greeks, Indians, Persians, Coptics, and Syriacs. One of the most prolific writers of this period was Ibn Jazlah, who resided in Baghdad in the district of Karkh. Ibn Jazlah made many important observations regarding diseases of the brain and spinal cord. These contributions and a review of the life and times of this early Muslim physician are presented.</p> journalArticle Saudi Medical Journal 30 3 Saudi Med J ISSN 0379-5284 Unal Nedim Elcioglu Omur Egypt History, Medieval Humans Medicine, Arabic Ophthalmology Optics and Photonics Reference Books, Medical Anatomy of the eye from the view of Ibn Al-Haitham (965-1039). The founder of modern optics 323-328 Mar 2009 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19271057 2009-11-02 18:18:08 NCBI PubMed PMID: 19271057 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Ibn Al-Haitham (known as Alhazen in Latin [965 Basra, Iraq-1039, Cairo, Egypt]) was a scientist who played an important role in the middle age Islam world. He wrote many books and novels, but only 90 of them are known. His main book Kitab al-Manazir was translated into Western languages in the late twelfth century, and in the early thirteenth century. In this book, he formulated many hypotheses on optical science. The book, which is also known as Optic treasure (opticae thesaurus), affected many famous Western scientists. He became an authority until the seventeenth century in the Eastern and Western countries. Roger Bacon (1212-1294), who made radical changes in the Western optical traditions, reconfirmed Ibn Al-Haitham’s findings. Ibn al-Haitham began his book Kitab al-Manazir with the anatomy and physiology of the eye. He specifically described cornea, humor aqueous, lens, and corpus vitreum. He examined the effect of light on seeing. He caused changes in the prevailing ideas of his age, and suggested that light came from objects, not from the eye. He provided information regarding the optic nerve, retina, iris, and conjunctiva. He showed the system of the eye as a dioptric, and the relations between the parts of the eye. It is understood that he mastered all knowledge on the structure of the eye in his century. The best proof of this is the eye picture that he drew.</p> journalArticle Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal = La Revue De Santé De La Méditerranée Orientale = Al-Majallah Al-Ṣiḥḥīyah Li-Sharq Al-Mutawassiṭ 7 3 East. Mediterr. Health J ISSN 1020-3397 Okasha A Arab World Cultural Characteristics Egypt History, 20th Century History, 21st Century History, Ancient History, Medieval Humans ISLAM Medicine, Arabic mental health Mental Health Services Psychiatry Egyptian contribution to the concept of mental health 377-380 May 2001 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/12690756 2009-11-02 18:28:16 NCBI PubMed PMID: 12690756 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">This paper provides an historical look at the Egyptian contribution to mental health from Pharaonic times through to the Islamic era and up to today. The current situation as regards mental health in Egypt is described.</p> book Berkeley University of California Press ibn Ridwan Ali Jamal Adil Sulayman Dols Michael W ‘Al¯i ibn Ridw¯an Medicine, Arab Ris¯alah f¯i daf‘ mad¯arr al-abd¯an bi-ard Misr Medieval Islamic Medicine: Ibn Ridwan's Treatise, "On the Prevention of Bodily Ills in Egypt" 1984 ISBN 0520048369 Medieval Islamic Medicine library.bu.edu Library Catalog R128.3 .A4513 1984 journalArticle De Maio Domenico History, Medieval ISLAM Pharmacology Psychiatry Religion and Medicine Psychiatric therapy and pharmacology in medieval Islam 39-68 2002 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/12747380 2009-11-02 18:44:16 NCBI PubMed PMID: 12747380 Medicina Nei Secoli 14 1 Med Secoli ISSN 0394-9001 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Although psychiatric therapy and pharmacology in Medieval Islam are based on the ancient Greek tradition, the original Arabic contribution in the introduction and employment of new substances is undeniable. Another important aspect which received a decisive impetus by Arab physicians was the concept of psychical therapy.</p> book Cambridge Islamic Texts Society Ibn Qayyim al-Jawz¯iyah Muhammad ibn Ab¯i Bakr History of Medicine, Medieval ISLAM Medicine Medicine in the Koran Medicine, Arab Medicine, Arabic Medicine, Medieval Religion and Medicine Religious aspects Medicine of the Prophet 1998 ISBN 0946621195 library.bu.edu Library Catalog BP166.72 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">This book is a combination of religious and medical information, providing advice and guidance on the two aims of medicine - the preservation and restoration of health - in careful conformity with the teachings of Islam as enshrined in the Qur’an and the hadith, or sayings of the Prophet. Written in the fourteenth century by the renowned theologian Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya (d. 751AH/1350AD) as part of his work Zad al-Ma’ad, this book is a mine of information on the customs and sayings of the Prophet, as well as on herbal and medical practices current at the time of the author. In bringing together these two aspects, Ibn Qayyim has produced a concise summary of how the Prophet’s guidance and teaching can be followed, as well as how health, sickness and cures were viewed by Muslims in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. The original Arabic text offers an authoritative compendium of Islamic medicine and still enjoys much popularity in the Muslim world. This English translation is a more complete presentation than has previously been available and includes verification of all hadith references. Medicine of the Prophet will appeal not only to those interested in alternative systems of health and medicine, but also to people wishing to acquaint themselves with, or increase their knowledge of, hadith and the religion and culture of Islam.</p> book Washington, D.C Georgetown University Press Pormann Peter E Savage-Smith Emilie History History, Medieval ISLAM Medicine Medicine, Arab Medicine, Arabic Medicine, Medieval Religious aspects Medieval Islamic Medicine 2007 ISBN 9781589011601 library.bu.edu Library Catalog R128.3 .P67 2007 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">The medical tradition that developed in the lands of Islam during the medieval period (c. 650-1500) has, like few others, influenced the fates and fortunes of countless human beings. It is the story of contact and cultural exchange across countries and creeds, affecting caliphs, kings, courtiers, courtesans, and the common crowd. This tradition formed the roots from which modern Western medicine arose. Contrary to the stereotypical picture, medieval Islamic medicine was not simply a conduit for Greek ideas, but a venue for innovation and change. The book is organized around five topics: the emergence of medieval Islamic medicine and its intense cross-pollination with other cultures; the theoretical medical framework; the function of physicians within the larger society; medical care as seen through preserved case histories; and the role of magic and devout religious invocations in scholarly as well as everyday medicine. A concluding chapter on the “afterlife” concerns the impact of this tradition on modern European medical practices, and its continued practice today. The book includes an index of persons and their books; a timeline of developments in East and West; and a chapter-by-chapter annotated bibliographic essay.</p> journalArticle Pormann Peter E Female Gynecology History, Medieval Humans ISLAM Medicine in Literature Medicine, Arabic Obstetrics Physicians, Women Women's Health Women's Rights Female patients and practitioners in medieval Islam 1598-1599 May 9, 2009 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19437603 2009-11-02 18:17:37 NCBI PubMed PMID: 19437603 Lancet 373 9675 Lancet ISSN 1474-547X journalArticle Modanlou Houchang D History, Ancient Humans Iran Male Measles Philosophy, Medical Smallpox A tribute to Zakariya Razi (865 - 925 AD), an Iranian pioneer scholar 673-677 Nov 2008 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/18976043 2009-11-02 18:20:25 NCBI PubMed PMID: 18976043 Archives of Iranian Medicine 11 6 Arch Iran Med ISSN 1029-2977 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">The resurgence of Islamic Civilization in the Near East in the 7th century AD and its expansion to Persian Empire and Westward provided opportunities of access Persian, Hellenic, and Roman writings in philosophy and medicine. Based on their observations and experiences, Islamic physician-philosophers expanded upon those writings and at times challenged them. Among these physician-philosophers admiring and challenging Galen was Zakariya Razi described as the greatest physician of Islam and Medieval Ages. A search of electronic and written materials about early Islamic Medicine was carried out focusing on Persian physician-philosophers Zakariya Razi. Abu Bakr Mohammad Ibn Zakariya al-Razi, known in the West as Rhazes, was born in 865 AD in the ancient city of Rey, Near Tehran. A musician during his youth he became an alchemist. He discovered alcohol and sulfuric acid. He classified substances as plants, organic, and inorganic. At age 30, he undertook the study of medicine. He was a prolific writer with more than 184 texts in medicine attributed to him with 40 of them currently available. Among them are Kitab al-Mansoori, Kitab al-Hawi, and Kitab al -Judari wa al-Hasabah. The latter is the first scientific description for the recognition and differentiation of smallpox and measles. The Bulletin of the World Health Organization of May 1970 pays tribute to Razi by stating “His writings on smallpox and measles show originality and accuracy, and his essay on infectious diseases was the first scientific treatise on the subject”. Razi established qualifications and ethical standards for the practice of medicine. Zakariya Razi was not only one of the most important Persian physician-philosophers of his era, but for centuries his writings became fundamental teaching texts in European medical schools. Some important aspects of his contributions to medicine are reviewed.</p> book Madison, Wisconsin The University of Wisconsin Press Baer Hans A Alternative medicine Anthropology Complementary Therapies Cross-Cultural Comparison Delivery of Health Care Medical anthropology Medicine, Traditional Social medicine United States Biomedicine and Alternative Healing Systems in America: Issues of Class, Race, Ethnicity, and Gender 2001 ISBN 0299166902 Biomedicine and Alternative Healing Systems in America library.bu.edu Library Catalog RA418.3.U6 B34 2001 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Examining medical pluralism in the United States from the Revolutionary War period through the end of the twentieth century, Hans Baer brings together in one convenient reference a vast array of information on healing systems as diverse as Christian Science, osteopathy, acupuncture, Santeria, southern Appalachian herbalism, evangelical faith healing, and Navajo healing. In a country where the dominant paradigm of biomedicine (medical schools, research hospitals, clinics staffed by M.D.s and R.N.s,) has been long established and supported by laws and regulations, the continuing appeal of other medical systems and subsystems bears careful consideration. Distinctions of class, Baer emphasizes, as well as differences in race, ethnicity, and gender, are fundamental to the diversity of beliefs, techniques, and social organizations represented in the phenomenon of medical pluralism. Baer traces the simultaneous emergence in the nineteenth century of formalized biomedicine and of homeopathy, botanic medicine, hydropathy, Christian Science, osteopathy, and chiropractic. He examines present-day osteopathic medicine as a system parallel to biomedicine with an emphasis on primary care; chiropractic, naturopathy, and acupuncture as professionalized heterodox medical systems; homeopathy, herbalism, bodywork, and lay midwifery in the context of the holistic health movement; Anglo-American religious healing; and folk medical systems, particularly among racial and ethnic minorities. In closing, he focuses on the persistence of folk medical systems among working-class Americans and considers the growing interest of biomedical physicians, pharmaceutical and health care corporations, and government in the holistic health movement.</p> book New Brunswick Rutgers University Press McGuire Meredith Ritual healing in suburban America 1988 ISBN 9780813513126 Open WorldCat book Notre Dame Ind. University of Notre Dame Press Hauerwas Stanley Suffering presence : theological reflections on medicine, the mentally handicapped, and the church 1986 ISBN 9780268017217 Suffering presence Open WorldCat journalArticle The Hastings Center Report 30 6 ISSN 00930334 Morris David B. How to Speak Postmodern: Medicine, Illness, and Cultural Change The modernist “biomedical model” offers an inadequate understanding of illness. At the same time, some of the conceptual constructs that are offered to supplement the biomedical model are carelessly employed. Much that is said and written about empathy and healing, in particular, fails to reflect the historical and critical self-awareness of postmodern thinking at its best. 7-16 Nov. - Dec., 2000 How to Speak Postmodern http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/3528447 2009-11-09 04:28:48 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Nov. - Dec., 2000 / Copyright © 2000 The Hastings Center <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">The modernist “biomedical model” offers an inadequate understanding of illness. At the same time, some of the conceptual constructs that are offered to supplement the biomedical model are carelessly employed. Much that is said and written about empathy and healing, in particular, fails to reflect the historical and critical self-awareness of postmodern thinking at its best.</p> journalArticle New Series Medical Anthropology Quarterly 15 3 ISSN 07455194 Baer Hans A. The Sociopolitical Status of U. S. Naturopathy at the Dawn of the 21st Century Naturopathic medicine in the United States had its inception around the turn of the 20th century. Subsequently, it underwent a process of relatively rapid growth until around the 1930s, followed by a period of gradual decline almost to the point of extinction due to biomedical opposition and the advent of "miracle drugs." Because its therapeutic eclecticism had preadapted it to fit into the holistic health movement that emerged in the 1970s, it was able to undergo a process of organizational rejuvenation during the last two decades of the century. Nevertheless, U.S. naturopathy as a professionalized heterodox medical system faces several dilemmas as it enters the new millennium. These include (1) the fact that it has succeeded in obtaining licensure in only two sections of the country, namely, the Far West and New England; (2) increasing competition from partially professionalized and lay naturopaths, many of whom are graduates of correspondence schools; and (3) the danger of cooptation as many biomedical practitioners adopt natural therapies. 329-346 Sep., 2001 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/649583 2009-11-10 06:13:08 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Sep., 2001 / Copyright © 2001 American Anthropological Association <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Naturopathic medicine in the United States had its inception around the turn of the 20th century. Subsequently, it underwent a process of relatively rapid growth until around the 1930s, followed by a period of gradual decline almost to the point of extinction due to biomedical opposition and the advent of “miracle drugs.” Because its therapeutic eclecticism had preadapted it to fit into the holistic health movement that emerged in the 1970s, it was able to undergo a process of organizational rejuvenation during the last two decades of the century. Nevertheless, U.S. naturopathy as a professionalized heterodox medical system faces several dilemmas as it enters the new millennium. These include (1) the fact that it has succeeded in obtaining licensure in only two sections of the country, namely, the Far West and New England; (2) increasing competition from partially professionalized and lay naturopaths, many of whom are graduates of correspondence schools; and (3) the danger of cooptation as many biomedical practitioners adopt natural therapies.</p> journalArticle Fuller Robert C. Unorthodox Medicine and American Religious Life 50-65 Jan., 1987 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/1203316 2009-11-09 04:28:11 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Jan., 1987 / Copyright © 1987 The University of Chicago Press The Journal of Religion 67 1 ISSN 00224189 journalArticle Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.) 14 5 J Altern Complement Med DOI 10.1089/acm.2007.0729 ISSN 1557-7708 Milgrom Lionel R Biomedical Research Complementary Therapies Evidence-Based Medicine Great Britain Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Homeopathy Humans Mass Media Meta-Analysis as Topic Primary Health Care Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic State Medicine Homeopathy and the new fundamentalism: a critique of the critics Though in use for over 200 years, and still benefiting millions of people worldwide today, homeopathy is currently under continuous attacks for being "unscientific." The reasons for this can be understood in terms of what might be called a "New Fundamentalism," emanating particularly but not exclusively from within biomedicine, and supported in some sections of the media. Possible reasons for this are discussed. New Fundamentalism's hallmarks include the denial of evidence for the efficacy of any therapeutic modality that cannot be consistently "proven" using double-blind, randomized controlled trials. It excludes explanations of homeopathy's efficacy; ignores, excoriates, or considers current research data supporting those explanations incomprehensible, particularly from outside biomedicine: it is also not averse to using experimental bias, hearsay, and innuendo in order to discredit homeopathy. Thus, New Fundamentalism is itself unscientific. This may have consequences in the future for how practitioners, researchers, and patients of homeopathy/complementary and alternative medicine engage and negotiate with primary health care systems. 589-594 Jun 2008 Homeopathy and the new fundamentalism http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/18564960 2009-11-09 05:58:59 NCBI PubMed PMID: 18564960 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Though in use for over 200 years, and still benefiting millions of people worldwide today, homeopathy is currently under continuous attacks for being “unscientific.” The reasons for this can be understood in terms of what might be called a “New Fundamentalism,” emanating particularly but not exclusively from within biomedicine, and supported in some sections of the media. Possible reasons for this are discussed. New Fundamentalism’s hallmarks include the denial of evidence for the efficacy of any therapeutic modality that cannot be consistently “proven” using double-blind, randomized controlled trials. It excludes explanations of homeopathy’s efficacy; ignores, excoriates, or considers current research data supporting those explanations incomprehensible, particularly from outside biomedicine: it is also not averse to using experimental bias, hearsay, and innuendo in order to discredit homeopathy. Thus, New Fundamentalism is itself unscientific. This may have consequences in the future for how practitioners, researchers, and patients of homeopathy/complementary and alternative medicine engage and negotiate with primary health care systems.</p> journalArticle Grof S Consciousness Emotions Humans Psychology Psychotherapy Human nature and the nature of reality: conceptual challenges from consciousness research Holotropic states (a large special subgroup of nonordinary states of consciousness) have been the focus of many fields of modern research, such as experiential psychotherapy, clinical and laboratory work with psychedelic substances, field anthropology, thanatology, and therapy with individuals undergoing psychospiritual crises ("spiritual emergencies"). This research has generated a plethora of extraordinary observations that have undermined some of the most fundamental assumptions of modern psychiatry, psychology, and psychotherapy. Some of these new findings seriously challenge the most basic philosophical tenets of Western science concerning the relationship between matter, life, and consciousness. This article summarizes the most important major revisions that would have to be made in our understanding of consciousness and of the human psyche in health and disease to accommodate these conceptual challenges. These areas of changes include: a new understanding and cartography of the human psyche; the nature and architecture of emotional and psychosomatic disorders; therapeutic mechanisms and the process of healing; the strategy of psychotherapy and self-exploration; the role of spirituality in human life; and the nature of reality. 343-357 1998 Oct-Dec Human nature and the nature of reality http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9924840 2009-11-12 22:47:21 NCBI PubMed PMID: 9924840 Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 30 4 J Psychoactive Drugs ISSN 0279-1072 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Holotropic states (a large special subgroup of nonordinary states of consciousness) have been the focus of many fields of modern research, such as experiential psychotherapy, clinical and laboratory work with psychedelic substances, field anthropology, thanatology, and therapy with individuals undergoing psychospiritual crises (“spiritual emergencies”). This research has generated a plethora of extraordinary observations that have undermined some of the most fundamental assumptions of modern psychiatry, psychology, and psychotherapy. Some of these new findings seriously challenge the most basic philosophical tenets of Western science concerning the relationship between matter, life, and consciousness. This article summarizes the most important major revisions that would have to be made in our understanding of consciousness and of the human psyche in health and disease to accommodate these conceptual challenges. These areas of changes include: a new understanding and cartography of the human psyche; the nature and architecture of emotional and psychosomatic disorders; therapeutic mechanisms and the process of healing; the strategy of psychotherapy and self-exploration; the role of spirituality in human life; and the nature of reality.</p> book Upper Saddle River N.J. Prentice Hall Kinsley David Health, healing, and religion : a cross-cultural perspective 1996 ISBN 9780132127714 Health, healing, and religion Open WorldCat <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Explicitly dealing with the religious aspects of healing and healers, this unique and intriguing book examines illness, healing, and religion in cross-cultural perspective by looking at how sickness is understood and treated in a wide variety of cultures. Centered around three principle themes, the text: A) illustrates how crucial it is to frame illness in a meaningful context in every culture and how this process is almost always bound up with religious, spiritual, and moral concerns; B) shows how many beliefs, strategies, and practices that characterize traditional cultures also appear in Christianity, putting healing in the Christian tradition in a broad, rational context, and; C) discusses the continuities between traditional, explicitly religious, and modern medical cultures — demonstrating that many features of modern scientific medicine are symbolic and ritualistic, and that many aspects and practices of modern medicine are similar to healing as seen in traditional, pre-scientific medical cultures.</p> journalArticle Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 583 ISSN 00027162 Frohock Fred M. Moving Lines and Variable Criteria: Differences/Connections between Allpathic and Alternative Medicine The standard narratives of medicine recognize its origins in natural cures and in religious or spiritual discourses. The uneasy relationships of such practices (now designated as complementary or alternative medicine [CAM]) to conventional health care today can be tracked to the formation of medicine as a distinct profession based on modern science. The author accepts four statements as a framework for exploring CAM in the context of modern medicine. The first is that all versions of unconventional medicine depend for their identity on the existence of conventional medicine. The second is that the distinctions between alternative and conventional medicine are variables of time, place, and the attitudes of health care practitioners. Third, CAM today in the West occupies no sharp and distinctive category. There are instead continuums of various slopes and lengths on which types of complementary and alternative medicine are arrayed. Fourth, the turn to CAM may represent a chronic (and, to some, welcome) inclination of the human intellect to delimit the energies of material inquiries with metaphysical baselines and options. 214-232 Sep., 2002 Moving Lines and Variable Criteria http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/1049698 2009-11-10 06:19:58 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Issue Title: Global Perspectives on Complementary and Alternative Medicine / Full publication date: Sep., 2002 / Copyright © 2002 American Academy of Political and Social Science <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">The standard narratives of medicine recognize its origins in natural cures and in religious or spiritual discourses. The uneasy relationships of such practices (now designated as complementary or alternative medicine [CAM]) to conventional health care today can be tracked to the formation of medicine as a distinct profession based on modern science. The author accepts four statements as a framework for exploring CAM in the context of modern medicine. The first is that all versions of unconventional medicine depend for their identity on the existence of conventional medicine. The second is that the distinctions between alternative and conventional medicine are variables of time, place, and the attitudes of health care practitioners. Third, CAM today in the West occupies no sharp and distinctive category. There are instead continuums of various slopes and lengths on which types of complementary and alternative medicine are arrayed. Fourth, the turn to CAM may represent a chronic (and, to some, welcome) inclination of the human intellect to delimit the energies of material inquiries with metaphysical baselines and options.</p> book Health/medicine and the faith traditions New York Crossroad Feldman David M Abortion Health Marriage Medical ethics Medicine Religious aspects Health and Medicine in the Jewish Tradition: L'hayyim--to Life 1986 ISBN 082450707X Health and Medicine in the Jewish Tradition library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog BM538.H43 book New York Macmillan ; London : Collier Macmillan Numbers Ronald L Amundsen Darrel W Religion and Medicine Caring and Curing: Health and Medicine in the Western Religious Traditions 1986 ISBN 0029192706 Caring and Curing library.bu.edu Library Catalog BL 65.M4 C277 1986 book Grand Rapids, Mich Chosen Books Pearson Mark A Health Religious aspects Spiritual healing Christian Healing: A Practical and Comprehensive Guide 2nd ed 1995 ISBN 0800792211 Christian Healing library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog BT732.5 .P415 1995 journalArticle BMJ: British Medical Journal 319 7218 ISSN 09598138 Vickers Andrew Zollman Catherine ABC of Complementary Medicine: The Manipulative Therapies: Osteopathy and Chiropractic 1176-1179 Oct. 30, 1999 ABC of Complementary Medicine http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/25186229 2009-11-09 05:24:10 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Oct. 30, 1999 / Copyright © 1999 BMJ Publishing Group journalArticle Schmidt Josef M Holistic Health Homeopathy Humans Science Is homeopathy a science?--Continuity and clash of concepts of science within holistic medicine The question of whether homeopathy is a science is currently discussed almost exclusively against the background of the modern concept of natural science. This approach, however, fails to notice that homeopathy-in terms of history of science-rests on different roots that can essentially be traced back to two most influential traditions of science: on the one hand, principles and notions of Aristotelism which determined 2,000 years of Western history of science and, on the other hand, the modern concept of natural science that has been dominating the history of medicine for less than 200 years. While Aristotle's "science of the living" still included ontologic and teleologic dimensions for the sake of comprehending nature in a uniform way, the interest of modern natural science was reduced to functional and causal explanations of all phenomena for the purpose of commanding nature. In order to prevent further ecological catastrophes as well as to regain lost dimensions of our lives, the one-sidedness and theory-loadedness of our modern natural-scientific view of life should henceforth be counterbalanced by lifeworld-practical Aristotelic categories. In this way, the ground would be ready to conceive the scientific character of homeopathy-in a broader, Aristotelian sense. 83-97 Jun 2009 Is homeopathy a science? http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19148710 2009-11-09 05:55:05 NCBI PubMed PMID: 19148710 The Journal of Medical Humanities 30 2 J Med Humanit DOI 10.1007/s10912-009-9080-x ISSN 1573-3645 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">The question of whether homeopathy is a science is currently discussed almost exclusively against the background of the modern concept of natural science. This approach, however, fails to notice that homeopathy-in terms of history of science-rests on different roots that can essentially be traced back to two most influential traditions of science: on the one hand, principles and notions of Aristotelism which determined 2,000 years of Western history of science and, on the other hand, the modern concept of natural science that has been dominating the history of medicine for less than 200 years. While Aristotle’s “science of the living” still included ontologic and teleologic dimensions for the sake of comprehending nature in a uniform way, the interest of modern natural science was reduced to functional and causal explanations of all phenomena for the purpose of commanding nature. In order to prevent further ecological catastrophes as well as to regain lost dimensions of our lives, the one-sidedness and theory-loadedness of our modern natural-scientific view of life should henceforth be counterbalanced by lifeworld-practical Aristotelic categories. In this way, the ground would be ready to conceive the scientific character of homeopathy-in a broader, Aristotelian sense.</p> journalArticle BMJ: British Medical Journal 319 7217 ISSN 09598138 Vickers Andrew Zollman Catherine ABC of Complementary Medicine: Homoeopathy 1115-1118 Oct. 23, 1999 ABC of Complementary Medicine http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/25186167 2009-11-09 05:27:22 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Oct. 23, 1999 / Copyright © 1999 BMJ Publishing Group book Health/medicine and the faith traditions New York Crossroad Harakas Stanley S Health Medicine Religious aspects Health and Medicine in the Eastern Orthodox Tradition: Faith, Liturgy, and Wholeness 1990 ISBN 082450934X Health and Medicine in the Eastern Orthodox Tradition library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog BX323 .H35 1990 book Health/medicine and the faith traditions New York Crossroad Bush Lester E Christianity Health Hygiene, Mormon Medicine Membership Mental Healing Mormon Church Religion and Medicine Religious aspects Spiritual healing Health and Medicine Among the Latter-Day Saints: Science,sense, and Scripture 1993 ISBN 0824512197 Health and Medicine Among the Latter-Day Saints library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog BX8643.H8 B87 1993 book Brookline, MA Holy Cross Orthodox Press Chirban John T Discernment of spirits DISEASES Health Medicine Psychology and religion Religious aspects Sin Sickness or Sin: Spiritual Discernment and Differential Diagnosis 2001 ISBN 1885652496 Sickness or Sin library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog BX323 .S53 2001 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">This book makes a tremendously important contribution to the dialogue between Christian faith and the healing professions. Noting that “knowing what to do and how and when to do it characterizes the essence of spiritual discernment and differential diagnosis,” John Chirban has focused this collection of articles around the critical issue of understanding in the therapeutic encounter. Drawing on the richness of the Orthodox Christian tradition, contributors identify rich resources to aid this process of therapeutic discernment. The result is a book that should be recognized for its value not only to Orthodox Christians but to all Christians with interest in under-standing the nature of personal formation, deformation and transformation.</p> book Monrovia, Calif., U.S.A MARC Ram Eric Health HOLISTIC medicine Religious aspects Transforming Health: Christian Approaches to Healing And Wholeness 1995 ISBN 0912552891 Transforming Health library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog BT732 .T73 1995 journalArticle Poloma Margaret M. A Comparison of Christian Science and Mainline Christian Healing Ideologies and Practices Within the past decade there has been an increasing interest shown in the practice of spiritual healing. Evidence suggests that a sizeable minority of Americans not only believe in spiritual healing but also that they have personally experienced such a healing. This article empirically explores the differences in ideology and practices of a group of Christian Scientists and another of Mainstream Christians who have experienced a physical healing as a result of prayer. It concludes with a discussion of the future of the two very different streams of the religious healing movement. 337-350 Jun., 1991 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/3511680 2009-11-09 05:19:29 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Jun., 1991 / Copyright © 1991 Religious Research Association, Inc. Review of Religious Research 32 4 ISSN 0034673X <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Within the past decade there has been an increasing interest shown in the practice of spiritual healing. Evidence suggests that a sizable minority of Americans not only believe in spiritual healing but also that they have personally experienced such a healing. This article empirically explores the differences in ideology and practices of a group of Christian Scientists and another of Mainstream Christians who have experienced a physical healing as a result of prayer. It concludes with a discussion of the future of the two very different streams of the religious healing movement.</p> journalArticle BMJ: British Medical Journal 319 7221 ISSN 09598138 Vickers Andrew Zollman Catherine ABC of Complementary Medicine: Hypnosis and Relaxation Therapies 1346-1349 Nov. 20, 1999 ABC of Complementary Medicine http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/25186398 2009-11-09 05:28:23 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Nov. 20, 1999 / Copyright © 1999 BMJ Publishing Group book New York Crossroad Marty Martin E Doctrines Health Lutheran Church Medicine Religious aspects Health and Medicine in the Lutheran Tradition: Being Well 1983 ISBN 0824506138 Health and Medicine in the Lutheran Tradition library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog BX8074.H42 book New York Crossroad Bakken Kenneth L Hofeller Kathleen H CHRISTIAN life Health Lutheran authors Religious aspects Spiritual healing The Journey Toward Wholeness: A Christ-Centered Approach to Health and Healing 1988 ISBN 0824508815 The Journey Toward Wholeness library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog BT732 book Health/medicine and the faith traditions New York Crossroad Peel Robert Christian Science Doctrines Health Medicine Religious aspects Health and Medicine in the Christian Science Tradition: Principle, Practice, and Challenge 1988 ISBN 0824508955 Health and Medicine in the Christian Science Tradition library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog BX6950 journalArticle BMJ: British Medical Journal 319 7219 ISSN 09598138 Vickers Andrew Zollman Catherine ABC of Complementary Medicine: Massage Therapies 1254-1257 Nov. 6, 1999 ABC of Complementary Medicine http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/25186301 2009-11-09 05:27:53 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Nov. 6, 1999 / Copyright © 1999 BMJ Publishing Group book Nashville Abingdon Press Bringle Mary Louise Despair Health hope Laziness Religious aspects Sin Despair, Sickness or Sin?: Hopelessness and Healing in the Christian Life 1990 ISBN 0687104939 Despair, Sickness or Sin? library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog BT774.5 .B75 1990 book New York Paulist Press Fichter Joseph Henry Health INTERVIEWS MEDICAL personnel Medicine Religious aspects Healing Ministries: Conversations on the Spiritual Dimensions of Health Care 1986 ISBN 0809128071 Healing Ministries library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog BT732 journalArticle Wardwell Walter I. Christian Science Healing 175-181 Spring, 1965 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/1384135 2009-11-09 05:17:46 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Spring, 1965 / Copyright © 1965 Society for the Scientific Study of Religion Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 4 2 ISSN 00218294 journalArticle Weddle David L. The Christian Science Textbook: An Analysis of the Religious Authority of Science and Health by Mary Baker Eddy 273-297 Jul., 1991 The Christian Science Textbook http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/1510020 2009-11-09 05:21:04 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Jul., 1991 / Copyright © 1991 Cambridge University Press and Harvard Divinity School The Harvard Theological Review 84 3 ISSN 00178160 book Grand Rapids Mich. Wm. B. Eerdmans Hauerwas Stanley Naming the silences : God, medicine, and the problem of suffering 1990 ISBN 9780802804969 Naming the silences Open WorldCat <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Hauerwas explores why we so fervently seek explanations for suffering and evil, and he shows how modern medicine has become a god to which we look--in vain--for deliverance from the evils of disease and mortality.</p> book New York Crossroad Vaux Kenneth Health Medicine Religious aspects Health and Medicine in the Reformed Tradition: Promise, Providence, and Care 1984 ISBN 082450612X Health and Medicine in the Reformed Tradition library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog BX9423.H43 journalArticle Sutton Geoffrey Electric Medicine and Mesmerism 375-392 Sep., 1981 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/230256 2009-11-10 06:31:02 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Sep., 1981 / Copyright © 1981 The History of Science Society Isis 72 3 ISSN 00211753 book Health/medicine and the faith traditions New York Crossroad Holifield E. Brooks Doctrines Health Medicine Methodist Church Religious aspects Health and Medicine in the Methodist Tradition: Journey Toward Wholeness 1986 ISBN 0824507924 Health and Medicine in the Methodist Tradition library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog BX8349.H4 book Chicago University of Chicago Press Albanese Catherine Nature religion in America : from the Algonkian Indians to the New Age 1990 ISBN 9780226011455 Nature religion in America Open WorldCat <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">This study reveals an unorganized and previously unacknowledged religion at the heart of American culture. Nature, Albanese argues, has provided a compelling religious center throughout American history.</p> book Lewiston, N.Y., USA E. Mellen Press Sharkey Paul W Delivery of Health Care Ethics, Medical History Medical ethics Medicine Philosophy Philosophy, Medical Religion and Medicine A Philosophical Examination of the History and Values of Western Medicine 1992 ISBN 0773492100 library.bu.edu Library Catalog R723 .S515 1992 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">The study’s central thesis is that medicine reflects better than any other discipline the ethical crises of our age and that these are the natural result of the schism between “facts” and “values” brought about at the time of the scientific revolution. It offers a brief introduction to the philosophical history of medicine, argues that current ethical theory rests upon a fallacy of abstraction, calls for a more realistic appraisal of ethical responsibility, and challenges the notion that ethics is necessarily more “subjective” than science. The work goes on to examine the role of ethics in medical education, managing ethical issues in health-care delivery systems, medical economics, abortion, and sexually transmissible diseases, giving special attention to the realities of ethical responsibility in each case.</p> book Medicine, science, and religion in historical context Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press Schoepflin Rennie B Christian Science History Law and legislation Medical care Medicine Religious aspects United States Christian Science on Trial: Religious Healing in America 2003 ISBN 0801870577 Christian Science on Trial library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog BX6950 .S34 2003 book Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press Gevitz Norman Other healers : unorthodox medicine in America 1988 ISBN 9780801837104 Other healers Open WorldCat <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Garamond;">Nine scholars examine the history of social dynamics of alternative health practices in this country. Editor Gevitz provides a historical and theoretical overview, followed by essays on botanical, health reform, and water-cure movements, homeopathy, osteopathy, chiropractic, Christian Science, divine healing, and contemporary folk medicine. Admirably nonpolemical, this book will be of interest to scholars in medical history, sociology, and anthropology; American and women’s studies (the water cure having feminist connections); and folklore.</span></p> book Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press Rothstein William American physicians in the nineteenth century : from sects to science Softshell Books ed. 1992 ISBN 9780801844270 American physicians in the nineteenth century Open WorldCat book New York Basic Books Starr Paul The social transformation of American medicine 1982 ISBN 9780465079346 Open WorldCat <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Winner of the 1983 Pulitzer Prize and the Bancroft Prize in American History, this is a landmark history of how the entire American health care system of doctors, hospitals, health plans, and government programs has evolved over the last two centuries.</p> book Princeton Princeton University Press Klassen Pamela Blessed events : religion and home birth in America 2001 ISBN 9780691087979 Blessed events Open WorldCat journalArticle Garrison R L Family Practice Health Care Reform History, 18th Century History, 19th Century History, 20th Century Specialties, Medical Technology, Medical United States The five generations of American medical revolutions Current medical authors frequently use the term "revolution," yet American medicine is resisting change rather than embracing it. The last completed American medical revolutionary movement was the specialist-technologist movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This paper describes a five-generational model of revolution. First-generation persons foment revolution; second-generation persons shape it into workable form and precipitate conflict; third-generation persons join the fight only when it appears to be all but won; fourth-generation persons enjoy the fruits of revolution; and fifth-generation persons, having risen to domination in the mature system, resist all attempts at reform by the next round of revolutionaries. In political revolutions, severe reactionary activity by the ruling party is often an indicator of an imminent overthrow by revolution. In scientific revolutions, the opposition of an established (specialist-technologist) paradigm to an emerging alternative (generalist) paradigm increases in intensity as the old order declines in strength; the opposition becomes most fierce just before the collapse of the old order. American specialist-technologist medicine, declining into its senescent fifth generation, will resist all but incremental change whenever possible, and accept major change only by force. 281-287 Mar 1995 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/7876786 2009-10-21 01:03:04 NCBI PubMed PMID: 7876786 The Journal of Family Practice 40 3 J Fam Pract ISSN 0094-3509 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Current medical authors frequently use the term “revolution,” yet American medicine is resisting change rather than embracing it. The last completed American medical revolutionary movement was the specialist-technologist movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This paper describes a five-generational model of revolution. First-generation persons foment revolution; second-generation persons shape it into workable form and precipitate conflict; third-generation persons join the fight only when it appears to be all but won; fourth-generation persons enjoy the fruits of revolution; and fifth-generation persons, having risen to domination in the mature system, resist all attempts at reform by the next round of revolutionaries. In political revolutions, severe reactionary activity by the ruling party is often an indicator of an imminent overthrow by revolution. In scientific revolutions, the opposition of an established (specialist-technologist) paradigm to an emerging alternative (generalist) paradigm increases in intensity as the old order declines in strength; the opposition becomes most fierce just before the collapse of the old order. American specialist-technologist medicine, declining into its senescent fifth generation, will resist all but incremental change whenever possible, and accept major change only by force.</p> book Oxford Oxford University Press Whorton James C 20th century Alternative medicine History United States Nature Cures: The History of Alternative Medicine in America 2002 368 ISBN 0195140710 Nature Cures library.bu.edu Library Catalog R733 .W495 2002 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation"><span>Esteemed medical historian Dr. James C. Whorton seeks to bring light to the flourishing of complementary and alternative medicine and provide its rich historical context in Nature Cures: The History of Alternative Medicine in America. Whorton packs his book with historical information, primary research, detailed analysis, and the occasional apt poem to blend the diverse sections together into a comprehensive textbook that is both illuminating and accessible. It is a treasure for anyone, scholarly or not, who wants to learn about CAM, its history, and its place within American culture. While he seems to have fun with some of the more peculiar aspects of alternative medicine and its history, Whorton has a strong sympathy with the underlying worldview of CAM.</span></p> book York studies in medieval theology 3 Woodbridge, Suffolk York Medieval Press Biller Peter Ziegler Joseph Catholicism Health History, Medieval Medicine Medicine, Medieval Religion and Medicine Religious aspects Religion and Medicine in the Middle Ages 2001 ISBN 1903153077 library.bu.edu Library Catalog BX1795.H4 R45 2001 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">The sheer extent of crossover - medics as religious men, religious men as medics, medical language at the service of preaching and moral-theological language deployed in medical writings - is the driving force behind these studies. The book reflects the extraordinary advances which ‘pure’ history of medicine has made in the last twenty years: there is medicine at the levels of midwife and village practitioner, the sweep of the learned Greek and Latin tradition of over a millennium; there is control of midwifery by the priest, therapy through liturgy, medicine as an expression of religious life for heretics, medicine invading theologians’ discussion of earthly paradise; and so on.</p> journalArticle Cooper Richard A. McKee Heather J. Chiropractic in the United States: Trends and Issues Chiropractic is the best established of the alternative health care professions. Although marginalized for much of the 20th century, it has entered the mainstream of health care, gaining both legitimacy and access to third-party payers. However, the profession's efforts to validate the effectiveness of spinal manipulative therapy, its principal modality, have yielded only modest and often contrary results. At the same time, reimbursement is shrinking, the number of practitioners is growing, and competition from other healing professions is increasing. The profession's efforts to establish a role in primary care are meeting resistance, and its attempts to broaden its activities in alternative medicine have inherent limitations. Although patients express a high level of satisfaction with chiropractic treatment and politicians are sympathetic to it, this may not be enough as our nation grapples to define the health care system that it can afford. 107-138 2003 Chiropractic in the United States http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/3655821 2009-11-10 06:21:28 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: 2003 / Copyright © 2003 Milbank Memorial Fund The Milbank Quarterly 81 1 ISSN 0887378X <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Chiropractic is the best established of the alternative health care professions. Although marginalized for much of the 20th century, it has entered the mainstream of health care, gaining both legitimacy and access to third-party payers. However, the profession’s efforts to validate the effectiveness of spinal manipulative therapy, its principal modality, have yielded only modest and often contrary results. At the same time, reimbursement is shrinking, the number of practitioners is growing, and competition from other healing professions is increasing. The profession’s efforts to establish a role in primary care are meeting resistance, and its attempts to broaden its activities in alternative medicine have inherent limitations. Although patients express a high level of satisfaction with chiropractic treatment and politicians are sympathetic to it, this may not be enough as our nation grapples to define the health care system that it can afford.</p> book Radical traditions Boulder, Colo Westview Press Shuman Joel James Bioethics Christian ethics Christianity Ethics, Medical Health Human body Medical ethics Religion and Medicine Religious aspects The Body of Compassion: Ethics, Medicine, and the Church 1999 ISBN 0813367042 The Body of Compassion library.bu.edu Library Catalog R725.56 .S54 1999 book New York Crossroad Smith David Health and medicine in the Anglican tradition : conscience, community, and compromise 1986 ISBN 9780824507169 Health and medicine in the Anglican tradition Open WorldCat journalArticle Wobst Albrecht H K Forecasting Humans Hypnosis Hypnosis, Anesthetic Surgical Procedures, Operative Hypnosis and surgery: past, present, and future Hypnosis has been defined as the induction of a subjective state in which alterations of perception or memory can be elicited by suggestion. Ever since the first public demonstrations of "animal magnetism" by Mesmer in the 18th century, the use of this psychological tool has fascinated the medical community and public alike. The application of hypnosis to alter pain perception and memory dates back centuries. Yet little progress has been made to fully comprehend or appreciate its potential compared to the pharmacologic advances in anesthesiology. Recently, hypnosis has aroused interest, as hypnosis seems to complement and possibly enhance conscious sedation. Contemporary clinical investigators claim that the combination of analgesia and hypnosis is superior to conventional pharmacologic anesthesia for minor surgical cases, with patients and surgeons responding favorably. Simultaneously, basic research of pain pathways involving the nociceptive flexion reflex and positron emission tomography has yielded objective data regarding the physiologic correlates of hypnosis. In this article I review the history, basic scientific and clinical studies, and modern practical considerations of one of the oldest therapeutical tools: the power of suggestion. 1199-1208 May 2007 Hypnosis and surgery http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/17456675 2009-11-10 06:41:51 NCBI PubMed PMID: 17456675 Anesthesia and Analgesia 104 5 Anesth. Analg DOI 10.1213/01.ane.0000260616.49050.6d ISSN 1526-7598 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Hypnosis has been defined as the induction of a subjective state in which alterations of perception or memory can be elicited by suggestion. Ever since the first public demonstrations of “animal magnetism” by Mesmer in the 18th century, the use of this psychological tool has fascinated the medical community and public alike. The application of hypnosis to alter pain perception and memory dates back centuries. Yet little progress has been made to fully comprehend or appreciate its potential compared to the pharmacologic advances in anesthesiology. Recently, hypnosis has aroused interest, as hypnosis seems to complement and possibly enhance conscious sedation. Contemporary clinical investigators claim that the combination of analgesia and hypnosis is superior to conventional pharmacologic anesthesia for minor surgical cases, with patients and surgeons responding favorably. Simultaneously, basic research of pain pathways involving the nociceptive flexion reflex and positron emission tomography has yielded objective data regarding the physiologic correlates of hypnosis. In this article I review the history, basic scientific and clinical studies, and modern practical considerations of one of the oldest therapeutical tools: the power of suggestion.</p> journalArticle New Series Medical Anthropology Quarterly 1 4 ISSN 07455194 Foster George M. On the Origin of Humoral Medicine in Latin America For the past half-century humoral medicine has been recognized by anthropologists to be the most important and widespread ethnomedical system in Latin America. While most scholars believe this system is largely a simplified folk variant of classical Greek and Persian humoral pathology, a small minority--particularly Audrey Butt Colson and Alfredo López Austin--argues for a New World origin. In this paper the author supports the former hypothesis by tracing the well-documented history of classical medicine from Greece and Persia to Latin America, where it was disseminated via formal medical education, hospitals and missionary orders, home medical guides and pharmacies. The fallacies in the arguments of Colson and López Austin are also pointed out. 355-393 Dec., 1987 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/648542 2009-10-13 04:00:08 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Dec., 1987 / Copyright © 1987 American Anthropological Association <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">For the past half-century humoral medicine has been recognized by anthropologists to be the most important and widespread ethnomedical system in Latin America. While most scholars believe this system is largely a simplified folk variant of classical Greek and Persian humoral pathology, a small minority--particularly Audrey Butt Colson and Alfredo López Austin--argues for a New World origin. In this paper the author supports the former hypothesis by tracing the well-documented history of classical medicine from Greece and Persia to Latin America, where it was disseminated via formal medical education, hospitals and missionary orders, home medical guides and pharmacies. The fallacies in the arguments of Colson and López Austin are also pointed out.</p> book Cambridge Mass. Harvard University Press Warner John The therapeutic perspective : medical practice, knowledge, and identity in America, 1820-1885 1986 ISBN 9780674883307 The therapeutic perspective Open WorldCat journalArticle Gravitz M A History, 18th Century History, 19th Century Humans Hypnosis Societies United States Early American mesmeric societies: a historical study Following an unsuccessful attempt by Mesmer to bring animal magnetism to the United States in 1784 through the Marquis de Lafayette, there was a period of little activity there for several decades. Then, concurrent with its revival in Europe and led by a few American practitioners who had been trained in France, several early societies of American magnetizers were founded beginning about 1815. These were initially organized in New York City and subsequently in New Orleans, Boston, Clinton, Cincinnati, Louisville, and Philadelphia. They played an important role in the development of hypnosis in America. 41-48 Jul 1994 Early American mesmeric societies http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/8085545 2009-11-10 06:43:41 NCBI PubMed PMID: 8085545 The American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 37 1 Am J Clin Hypn ISSN 0002-9157 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Following an unsuccessful attempt by Mesmer to bring animal magnetism to the United States in 1784 through the Marquis de Lafayette, there was a period of little activity there for several decades. Then, concurrent with its revival in Europe and led by a few American practitioners who had been trained in France, several early societies of American magnetizers were founded beginning about 1815. These were initially organized in New York City and subsequently in New Orleans, Boston, Clinton, Cincinnati, Louisville, and Philadelphia. They played an important role in the development of hypnosis in America.</p> journalArticle Zygon 44 1 DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9744.2009.00986.x Fante Ryan J. An Ontology of Health: A Characterization of Human Health and Existence The pursuit of health is one of the most basic and prevalent concerns of humanity. In order to better attain and preserve health, a fundamental and unified description of the concept is required. Using Paul Tillich's ontological framework, I introduce a complete characterization of health and disease is that is useful to the philosophy of medicine and for health-care workers. Health cannot be understood merely as proper functioning of the physical body or of the separated levels of body, mind, and soul. Rather, the multidimensional unity that is the essence of human life requires a new understanding of health as balanced self-integration within the multiple human dimensions. The ontological description of health and disease has concrete implications for how health-care workers should approach healing. It calls for a multidimensional approach to healing in which particular healing is needed and helpful if it considers the other realms of the human. It reveals the importance of accepting limited health as well as the value of faith understood as an ultimate concern because of its ability to wholly integrate the person. 65-84 2009 An Ontology of Health http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9744.2009.00986.x 2009-08-17 04:00:00 Wiley InterScience <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">The pursuit of health is one of the most basic and prevalent concerns of humanity. In order to better attain and preserve health, a fundamental and unified description of the concept is required. Using Paul Tillich’s ontological framework, I introduce a complete characterization of health and disease is that is useful to the philosophy of medicine and for health-care workers. Health cannot be understood merely as proper functioning of the physical body or of the separated levels of body, mind, and soul. Rather, the multidimensional unity that is the essence of human life requires a new understanding of health as balanced self-integration within the multiple human dimensions. The ontological description of health and disease has concrete implications for how health-care workers should approach healing. It calls for a multidimensional approach to healing in which particular healing is needed and helpful if it considers the other realms of the human. It reveals the importance of accepting limited health as well as the value of faith understood as an ultimate concern because of its ability to wholly integrate the person.</p> book Oxford Oxford University Press Bynum W. F History Medicine History of Medicine: A Very Short Introduction 2008 ISBN 9780199215430 History of Medicine library.bu.edu Library Catalog R131 .B974 2008 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Against the backdrop of unprecedented concern for the future of health care, this Very Short Introduction surveys the history of medicine from classical times, through the scholastic medieval tradition and the Enlightenment to the present day. Taking a thematic rather than strictly chronological approach, W.F. Bynum, explores the key turning points in the history of Western medicine-such as the first surgical procedures, the advent of hospitals, the introduction of anesthesia, X-Rays, vaccinations, and many other innovations, as well as the rise of experimental medicine. The book also explores Western medicine’s encounters with Chinese and Indian medicine, as well as nontraditional treatments such as homeopathy, chiropractic, and other alternative medicines. Covering a vast amount of information, this Very Short Introduction sheds new light on medicine’s past, while at the same time engaging with contemporary issues, discoveries, and controversies, such as the spiraling costs of health care, lack of health insurance for millions, breakthrough treatments, and much more.</p> book Harrisburg Pa. Trinity Press International Albanese Catherine Reconsidering nature religion 2002 ISBN 9781563383762 Open WorldCat <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Nature religion is a much broader and more pervasive part of our culture than we may know. In the late twentieth century, for example, certain nature-based New Age perspectives and practices emerged—developments whose seeds were planted in the nature religion of nineteenth-century America. In Reconsidering Nature Religion, Catherine Albanese looks at the place where nature and religion come together, and explores how this operates in contemporary life and thinking. Nature, she says, functions as an absolute that grounds and orients life. Religion concerns the ways that people use this absolute of nature to form a meaningful life. And religion itself provides ways of interacting with nature. Nature religion is one essential way that people relate to the ordinary and extra-ordinary aspects of their worlds. It was so for people like the famous naturalist John Muir, and remains so for us today. For all of us, nature works in a religious way that informs and transforms life.</p> book Logan Utah Utah State University Press Brady Erika Healing logics : culture and medicine in modern health belief systems 2001 ISBN 9780874214116 Healing logics Open WorldCat <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Healing Logics provides an extensive, multicultural look at folk and alternative beliefs and practices concerning health and medicine and examines the interplay between formal and folk health care. It contains the following original contributions by leading scholars in the fields of medical anthropology and folk medicine.</p> book Chicago University of Chicago Press Winter Alison Mesmerized : powers of mind in Victorian Britain 1998 ISBN 9780226902197 Mesmerized Open WorldCat journalArticle New Series Medical Anthropology Quarterly 1 2 ISSN 07455194 Baer Hans A. Divergence and Convergence in Two Systems of Manual Medicine: Osteopathy and Chiropractic in the United States Although osteopathy and chiropractic emerged as medical revitalization movements with a similar disease theory during the late 19th century, osteopathy has evolved into osteopathic medicine and surgery, and chiropractic has evolved into a musculoskeletal speciality. In this article I attempt to explain the divergent evolution of these two schools of manual medicine in the United States by considering their respective roles in addressing various structural problems in American health care, their contrasting relationships with biomedicine, organized biomedicine's stance toward the two alternative medical systems, and internal organizational conflicts within osteopathy and chiropractic. It will also show that both osteopathy and chiropractic were forced to some degree to converge with biomedicine both conceptually and therapeutically. 176-193 Jun., 1987 Divergence and Convergence in Two Systems of Manual Medicine http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/648756 2009-11-10 06:16:42 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Jun., 1987 / Copyright © 1987 American Anthropological Association <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Although osteopathy and chiropractic emerged as medical revitalization movements with a similar disease theory during the late 19th century, osteopathy has evolved into osteopathic medicine and surgery, and chiropractic has evolved into a musculoskeletal speciality. In this article I attempt to explain the divergent evolution of these two schools of manual medicine in the United States by considering their respective roles in addressing various structural problems in American health care, their contrasting relationships with biomedicine, organized biomedicine’s stance toward the two alternative medical systems, and internal organizational conflicts within osteopathy and chiropractic. It will also show that both osteopathy and chiropractic were forced to some degree to converge with biomedicine both conceptually and therapeutically.</p> book Aryee Augustine A Medicine Nigeria TRADITIONAL medicine The Coexistence of Traditional and Modern Medicine in Nigeria: An Example of Transitional Behavior in the Developing World 1983 The Coexistence of Traditional and Modern Medicine in Nigeria library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog PhD book New York Routledge Konadu Kwasi Africa Medical anthropology Medicinal plants Social life and customs TRADITIONAL medicine Indigenous Medicine and Knowledge in African Society 2007 ISBN 9780415956208 library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog GN645 .K65 2007 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }em { }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">At the turn of the 20th<span style="font-size: 9.5pt; position: relative; top: -4pt;"> </span>century, African societies witnessed the suppression of indigenous healing specialists as missionary proselytization and colonial rule increased. Governments, medical practitioners and academics focused little attention or resources on the production of traditional medicine, despite its potential use for advancing health care delivery to millions of people in rural communities and providing the basis for a medicinal industry. Focusing on the case of Ghana, <em><span style="font-style: normal;">Indigenous Medicine and Knowledge in African Society</span></em> investigates the ways in which healers and indigenous archives of cultural knowledge conceptualize and interpret medicine and healing. In order to unearth these prevailing concepts, Konadu utilizes in-depth interviews, plant samples, material culture, linguistics, and other sources. This groundbreaking study of indigenous knowledge has important implications for the study of medical and knowledge systems in Africa and the African Diaspora worldwide. By closely examining a range of multidisciplinary sources and utilizing fieldwork in the Takyiman district of central Ghana, the book contributes a new dimension to the study of health and healing systems in the African context and offers scholars, students, and general readers a vital reference.</p> book Ibadan Ibadan University Press Lambo Thomas A University of Ibadan Africa Medicine TRADITIONAL medicine African Traditional Beliefs: Concepts of Health and Medical Practice 1963 African Traditional Beliefs library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog R651 .L35 book Monographs in international studies no.53 Athens, Ohio Ohio University Center for International Studies Makinde M. Akin Africa, Sub-Saharan Civilization Philosophy, African TRADITIONAL medicine African Philosophy, Culture, and Traditional Medicine 1988 ISBN 0896801527 library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog DT1 book Lewiston, N.Y E. Mellen Press Waite Gloria Martha Africa Health Services, Indigenous History Medicine Medicine, Traditional Tanzania TRADITIONAL medicine Zambia A History of Traditional Medicine and Health Care in Pre-Colonial East-Central Africa 1992 ISBN 0773497072 library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog R653.Z33 W35 1992 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">This study reconstructs the medical history of people in eastern Zambia and the Kilombero valley in south-central Tanzania over a period of about 2000 years. It is based on written and personal interviews.</p> book Epistemologies of healing v. 3 New York Berghahn Books Wreford Jo Thobeka healing Health Policy Medicine, African Traditional South Africa TRADITIONAL medicine Working with Spirit: Experiencing Izangoma Healing in Contemporary South Africa 2008 ISBN 9781845454760 Working with Spirit library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog GR358 .W74 2008 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">In the current model of health dispensation in South Africa there are two major paradigms, the spirit-inspired tradition of izangoma sinyanga, and biomedicine. These operate at best in parallel, but more often than not are at odds with one another. This book, based on the author s personal experience as a practitioner of traditional African medicine, considers the effects of the absence of spirit in biomedicine on collaborative relationships. Given the unprecedented challenge of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the country, the author suggests that more cooperation is vital. Taking a critical look at the role of anthropology in this endeavor, she proposes the development of a language of spirit by means of which the spirit-inspired aetiology of izangoma sinyanga may be made comprehensible to academic scientists and applicable to medical interventions. The author discusses white izangoma in the context of current debates on healing and hybridity and insists that there exists a powerful role for izangoma in the realm of societal healing. Above all, the book constitutes a start in what the author hopes will develop into an ongoing intellectual conversation between traditional African healing, academe and biomedicine in South Africa.</p> book New York Clarkson N. Potter Wood Michael Coulson David Aeronautics in medicine Africa, East Biography Kenya Medical care Physicians Tanzania TRADITIONAL medicine Wood, Michael Different Drums: A Doctor's Forty Years in Eastern Africa 1st American ed 1987 ISBN 0517566559 Different Drums library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog RA996.55.K4 W66 1987 book Hanover, N.H American Universities Field Staff Miller Norman N Africa TRADITIONAL medicine Traditional Medicine in East Africa: The Search for a Synthesis 1980 Traditional Medicine in East Africa library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog JA1.A1 book Vitality of indigenous religions Aldershot, England Ashgate Shoko Tabona Ancestor worship Causes and theories of causation DISEASES Karanga (African people) Mberengwa District (Zimbabwe) Medicine religion Religious life and customs Rites and ceremonies Social life and customs TRADITIONAL medicine Zimbabwe Zimbawe Karanga Indigenous Religion in Zimbabwe: Health and Well-Being 2007 ISBN 9780754658818 Karanga Indigenous Religion in Zimbabwe library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog DT2913.K38 S46 2007 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Tabona Shoko contends that religion and healing are intricately intertwined in African religions. This book on the religion of the Karanga people of Zimbabwe sheds light on important methodological issues relevant to research in the study of African religions. Analysing the traditional Karanga views of the causes of illness and disease, mechanisms of diagnosis at their disposal and the methods they use to restore health, Shoko discusses the views of a specific African Independent Church of the Apostolic tradition. The conclusion Shoko reaches about the central religious concerns of the Karanga people is derived from detailed field research consisting of interviews and participant observation. This book testifies that the centrality of health and well-being is not only confined to traditional religion but reflects its adaptive potential in new religious systems manifest in the phenomenon of Independent Churches. Rather than succumbing to the folly of static generalizations, Tabona Shoko offers important insights into a particular society upon which theories can be reassessed, adding new dimensions to modern features of the religious scene in Africa.</p> journalArticle Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 583 ISSN 00027162 Romero-Daza Nancy Traditional Medicine in Africa Traditional medicine is the main, and often the only, source of medical care for a great proportion of the population of the developing world. Systems of traditional medicine are usually rooted in long-standing cultural traditions, take a holistic approach to health, and are community based. The World Health Organization has long recognized the central role traditional systems of care can play in efforts to provide primary health care, especially in rural areas. This article provides an overview of national policies adopted by African governments following World Health Organization recommendations for the incorporation of traditional and allopathic systems of care. 173-176 Sep., 2002 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/1049695 2009-11-10 06:17:19 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Issue Title: Global Perspectives on Complementary and Alternative Medicine / Full publication date: Sep., 2002 / Copyright © 2002 American Academy of Political and Social Science <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Traditional medicine is the main, and often the only, source of medical care for a great proportion of the population of the developing world. Systems of traditional medicine are usually rooted in long-standing cultural traditions, take a holistic approach to health, and are community based. The World Health Organization has long recognized the central role traditional systems of care can play in efforts to provide primary health care, especially in rural areas. This article provides an overview of national policies adopted by African governments following World Health Organization recommendations for the incorporation of traditional and allopathic systems of care.</p> book Nairobi East African Educational Publishers Chacha Chacha Nyaigotti Kanunah Mary Peter Sindiga Isaac Africa Social life and customs TRADITIONAL medicine Traditional Medicine in Africa 1995 ISBN 9966465480 library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog GR350 .T73 1995 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">The inaccessibility of biomedicine to most of Africa’s population because of escalating costs has necessitated a search for alternative ways of managing illnesses. Traditional medicine, which has always been practised in the indigenous cultures, is fast filling this therapeutic gap. This book is a collection of essays based on a multidisciplinary approach to traditional medicine in Africa. It has contributions from social scientists, natural resource experts, traditional medical practitioners, educationists, and medical scholars. It attempts to define the problems of traditional medicine in Africa, while also discussing the conceptual foundations of African ethnomedicine and medical pluralism.</p> book Philadelphia Temple University Press Baronov David 19th century 20th century Africa Anthropology, Cultural Ethnology History History of Medicine History, 19th Century History, 20th Century Medicine Medicine, African Traditional TRADITIONAL medicine The African Transformation of Western Medicine and the Dynamics of Global Cultural Exchange 2008 ISBN 1592139159 library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog GN645 .B37 2008 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Beginning with the colonial era, Western biomedicine has radically transformed African medical beliefs and practices. Conversely, in using Western biomedicine, Africans have also transformed it. The African Transformation of Western Medicine and the Dynamics of Global Cultural Exchange contends that contemporary African medical systems—no less “biomedical” than Western medicine—in fact greatly enrich and expand the notion of biomedicine, reframing it as a global cultural form deployed across global networks of cultural exchange. The book analyzes biomedicine as a complex and dynamic sociocultural form, the conceptual premises of which make it necessarily subject to ongoing change and development as it travels the globe. David Baronov captures the complexities of this cultural exchange by using world-systems analysis in a way that places global cultural processes on equal footing with political and economic processes. In doing so, he both allows the story of Africa’s transformation of “Western” biomedicine to be told and offers new insights into the capitalist world system.</p> book Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe Chavunduka G. L Social life and customs TRADITIONAL medicine Witchcraft Zimbabwe Traditional Medicine in Modern Zimbabwe ISBN 0908307403 library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog GR358.6 .C48 1994 book Ibadan, Nigeria Stirling-Horden Jegede Ayodele Samuel Attitude to Health Community Health Services Ethnology HEALTH attitudes Health Behavior Immunization of children Medical care Nigeria Social life and customs TRADITIONAL medicine African Culture and Health 1998 ISBN 9782063525 library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog RA418.3.N6 J445 1998 <p>A book about African traditional perceptions of health, disease, illness, and sickness. Based on research study in Nigeria, the author surveys sociocultural factors influencing theraeutic choice, the role of education, information and communication in health care delivery. The author also discusses new ideas about health care programs and services.&nbsp;</p> book Ekpoma, Nigeria Edo State University Pub. House Dime C. A Africa Medicine Medicine, African Traditional Philosophy Religious aspects TRADITIONAL medicine African Traditional Medicine: Peculiarities 1995 ISBN 9782100048 African Traditional Medicine library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog GR880 .D55 1995 journalArticle Voeks Robert African Medicine and Magic in the Americas African-derived ethnomedical systems are visible elements of the New World cultural landscape. Rejected by Western medicine, African healing systems have survived and flourished in the Americas since the beginning of the slave trade. Historical introduction of African magico-medical systems, the social and economic factors that facilitated their survival, and the role of plant geography in their persistence are examined. Questions of origin, ethnomedical typology, religion, and syncretism, magic and power, and collective medicinal plant knowledge are considered. 66-78 Jan., 1993 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/215381 2009-11-09 05:05:15 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Jan., 1993 / Copyright © 1993 American Geographical Society Geographical Review 83 1 ISSN 00167428 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">African-derived ethnomedical systems are visible elements of the New World cultural landscape. Rejected by Western medicine, African healing systems have survived and flourished in the Americas since the beginning of the slave trade. Historical introduction of African magico-medical systems, the social and economic factors that facilitated their survival, and the role of plant geography in their persistence are examined. Questions of origin, ethnomedical typology, religion, and syncretism, magic and power, and collective medicinal plant knowledge are considered.</p> book Stanford, Calif Stanford University Press Fabrega Horacio Silver Daniel B Folklore Indians, South American Medicine, Primitive MEXICO TRADITIONAL medicine Illness and Shamanistic Curing in Zinacantan; an Ethnomedical Analysis 1973 ISBN 0804708444 library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog journalArticle Boileau Gilles Wu and Shaman Since Shangdai de shenhua yu wushu, Chen Mengjia's article on Shang mythology, some sinological works have proposed that the Chinese wu was an equivalent of the Siberian shaman. I examine first the issues in anthropological comparatism involved in this problem and provide up-to-date information on Siberian shamanism. It must be noted that the Chinese texts are by no means equivalent to modern anthropological data and that these texts did not originate directly from the wu themselves; they are rather a collection of opinions or stories on the wu. Detailed study of the nature and social status of the Chinese wu, either in oracular inscriptions or late Zhou received texts, shows a systematic association of the wu with non-auspicious or negative events, like funerals, death or natural catastrophes. A further analysis of the data reveals that the wu's activities in relation to natural phenomena were frequently presented in terms related to sexuality. This last point permits a comparison with Siberian shamans, whose activities are also linked to fecundity and sexuality, although the Chinese texts often associate the wu with sexual misbehaviour and blame them on moral grounds. They go as far as to treat them as dangerous sorcerers who must be weeded out. According to these data, the wu's social function is linked to the handling of misfortune, either directly or by being associated with ritually unacceptable behaviours. On the whole, my conclusion is that even the common point between wu and Siberian shaman (the link with sexuality) is not sufficient to allow for a translation of 'wu' by 'shaman', especially in view of the differences of social and historical context. 350-378 2002 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/4145619 2009-11-09 04:46:13 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: 2002 / Copyright © 2002 School of Oriental and African Studies Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 65 2 ISSN 0041977X <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Since Shangdai de shenhua yu wushu, Chen Mengjia’s article on Shang mythology, some sinological works have proposed that the Chinese wu was an equivalent of the Siberian shaman. I examine first the issues in anthropological comparatism involved in this problem and provide up-to-date information on Siberian shamanism. It must be noted that the Chinese texts are by no means equivalent to modern anthropological data and that these texts did not originate directly from the wu themselves; they are rather a collection of opinions or stories on the wu. Detailed study of the nature and social status of the Chinese wu, either in oracular inscriptions or late Zhou received texts, shows a systematic association of the wu with non-auspicious or negative events, like funerals, death or natural catastrophes. A further analysis of the data reveals that the wu’s activities in relation to natural phenomena were frequently presented in terms related to sexuality. This last point permits a comparison with Siberian shamans, whose activities are also linked to fecundity and sexuality, although the Chinese texts often associate the wu with sexual misbehaviour and blame them on moral grounds. They go as far as to treat them as dangerous sorcerers who must be weeded out. According to these data, the wu’s social function is linked to the handling of misfortune, either directly or by being associated with ritually unacceptable behaviours. On the whole, my conclusion is that even the common point between wu and Siberian shaman (the link with sexuality) is not sufficient to allow for a translation of ‘wu’ by ‘shaman’, especially in view of the differences of social and historical context.</p> book Santa Barbara Calif ABC-CLIO Lyon William Encyclopedia of Native American healing 1996 ISBN 9780874368529 Open WorldCat <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">This monumental volume explores, explains, and honors the healing practices of Native Americans throughout North America, from the southwestern United States to the Arctic Circle. Designed for ease of use with maps, a detailed subject index, an extensive bibliography, and cross references, this book is sure to fascinate anyone interested in Native American culture and heritage.</p> book Salt Lake City University of Utah Press Joralemon Donald Sharon Douglas Indians of South America Medicine Peru Shamanism TRADITIONAL medicine Sorcery and Shamanism: Curanderos and Clients in Northern Peru 1993 ISBN 087480423X Sorcery and Shamanism library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog GR133.P4 J67 1993 journalArticle Asian Folklore Studies 37 1 ISSN 03852342 Demetrio Francisco R. The Shaman as Psychologist 57-75 1978 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/1177583 2009-11-09 04:45:52 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: 1978 / Copyright © 1978 Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture journalArticle Anthropology Today 5 1 ISSN 0268540X Littlewood Roland Science, Shamanism and Hermeneutics: Recent Writing on Psychoanalysis 5-11 Feb., 1989 Science, Shamanism and Hermeneutics http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/3032852 2009-11-09 04:52:28 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Feb., 1989 / Copyright © 1989 Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland book Walnut Creek, CA Left Coast Press Greenfield Sidney M Brazil Ethnobiology healing religion Religious life and customs Social life and customs Spirit possession Spiritual Therapies Surgical Procedures, Operative TRADITIONAL medicine Spirits with Scalpels: The Cultural Biology of Religious Healing in Brazil 2008 ISBN 9781598743678 Spirits with Scalpels library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog GN564.B6 G74 2008 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">“The first time I witnessed a Spiritist surgery, a young man named Jose Carlos Ribeiro inserted a used scalpel taken from a tray that I was holding, and plunged it into the eye of an elderly man. The patient did not move….” Decades of fieldwork later, Sidney Greenfield presents a riveting ethnography of the complex world of religious healing in Brazil that challenges readers to grapple with the most fundamental concepts of anthropology and cross-cultural experience. In a major contribution to cultural biology, he analyses the complex social, economic, and political landscape of Brazil to understand dramatic healing practices that seem to defy medical explanation. This engrossing and provocative book will put students and scholars alike on the edge of their seats.</p> book Albuquerque University of New Mexico Press Langdon E. Jean Matteson Baer Gerhard Hallucinogenic drugs and religious experience Hallucinogens Indians of South America Indians, South American Medicine, Traditional religion Religion and Medicine Rites and ceremonies Shamanism South America TRADITIONAL medicine Portals of Power: Shamanism in South America 1st ed 1992 ISBN 0826313450 Portals of Power library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog F2230.1.R3 P65 1992 journalArticle New Series Medical Anthropology Quarterly 14 4 ISSN 07455194 Waldram James B. The Efficacy of Traditional Medicine: Current Theoretical and Methodological Issues The efficacy of traditional medicine is an issue that continues to vex medical anthropology. This article critically examines how the efficacy of traditional medicine has been conceived, operationalized, and studied and argues that a consensus remains elusive. Efficacy must be seen as fluid and shifting, the product of a negotiated, but not necessarily shared, understanding by those involved in the sickness episode, including physicians/healers, patients, and members of the community. Medical anthropology needs to return to the field to gather more data on indigenous understandings of efficacy to counteract the biases inherent in the utilization of biomedical understandings and methods characteristic of much previous work. 603-625 Dec., 2000 The Efficacy of Traditional Medicine http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/649723 2009-11-09 04:57:59 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Issue Title: Theme Issue: Ritual Healing in Navajo Society / Full publication date: Dec., 2000 / Copyright © 2000 American Anthropological Association <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">The efficacy of traditional medicine is an issue that continues to vex medical anthropology. This article critically examines how the efficacy of traditional medicine has been conceived, operationalized, and studied and argues that a consensus remains elusive. Efficacy must be seen as fluid and shifting, the product of a negotiated, but not necessarily shared, understanding by those involved in the sickness episode, including physicians/healers, patients, and members of the community. Medical anthropology needs to return to the field to gather more data on indigenous understandings of efficacy to counteract the biases inherent in the utilization of biomedical understandings and methods characteristic of much previous work.</p> book Health/medicine and the faith traditions New York Crossroad Hultkrantz Åke Health and hygiene Indians of North America Indians, North American Medicine Medicine, Traditional Mythology North America religion Religion and Medicine Shamanism TRADITIONAL medicine Shamanic Healing and Ritual Drama: Health and Medicine in Native North American Religious Traditions 1992 ISBN 0824511883 Shamanic Healing and Ritual Drama library.bu.edu Library Catalog E98.R3 H825 1992 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">In this pioneering work, one of the world’s leading experts on Native American traditions offers a detailed survey of Native American practices and beliefs regarding health, medicine, and religion. In contrast to the sharp Euro-American division between medicine and religion, Native American medical beliefs and practices can only be assessed in their relation to their religious ideas.</p> journalArticle Riches David Shamanism: The Key to Religion The article lays out in schematic fashion a composite of socio-intellectual processes, arguabley evident in respect of all cosmologies, which might appropriately be labelled 'religous'. It does so by applying deductive reasoning to shamanism, the prevalent religion in societies whose social structures are ssimple and in whose cosmologies religious process is conspicuous; here the Canadian Inuit (Eskimo) provide the ethnographic focus. The article assumes that religious process finds its basis in fundamental contradictions concerning the conditions of social existence, namely in the antithesis between social structure and communitas. Cosmology is generated as this contradiction is contemplated by, respectively, laypeople and specialist, both with their own interests in view. The argument also considers such central cultural and analytical isues as the existence of distinctive notions of the human person, and the pertinence for the study of religion of, variously, 'secondary elaborations', systems of classification, and religious edicts; and it joins with Barth in emphasizing the salience of the specialist in 'cosmology-making'. 381-405 Jun., 1994 Shamanism http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/2804479 2009-11-09 04:49:53 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Jun., 1994 / Copyright © 1994 Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland New Series Man 29 2 ISSN 00251496 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">The article lays out in schematic fashion a composite of socio-intellectual processes, arguable evident in respect of all cosmologies, which might appropriately be labeled ‘religious’. It does so by applying deductive reasoning to shamanism, the prevalent religion in societies whose social structures are simple and in whose cosmologies religious process is conspicuous; here the Canadian Inuit (Eskimo) provide the ethnographic focus. The article assumes that religious process finds its basis in fundamental contradictions concerning the conditions of social existence, namely in the antithesis between social structure and communitas. Cosmology is generated as this contradiction is contemplated by, respectively, laypeople and specialists, both with their own interests in view. The argument also considers such central cultural and analytical issues as the existence of distinctive notions of the human person, and the pertinence for the study of religion of, variously, ‘secondary elaborations’, systems of classification, and religious edicts; and it joins with Barth in emphasizing the salience of the specialist in ‘cosmology-making’.</p> journalArticle Anthropology Today 14 6 ISSN 0268540X Woodman Justin Shamanism in Contemporary Society 23-24 Dec., 1998 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/2783241 2009-11-09 04:50:13 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Dec., 1998 / Copyright © 1998 Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland book Routledge classics London Routledge Rivers W. H. R Magic Medicine religion Religious aspects TRADITIONAL medicine Medicine, Magic, and Religion: The Fitzpatrick Lectures Delivered Before the Royal College of Physicians of London in 1915 and 1916 2001 ISBN 0415254035 Medicine, Magic, and Religion library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog GN477 .R5 2001 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">This work represents the Fitzpatrick lectures delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London in 1915 and 1916. It represents perhaps the first attempt to interpret with real knowledge and sympathetic insight the thoughts and ideas that find expression in primitive medicine. It is therefore a contribution of unique value to the history of medicine.</p> book Norman University of Oklahoma Press Adams Walter Randolph Hawkins John Palmer Guatemala Mayas Medical care Medicine Social conditions TRADITIONAL medicine Health Care in Maya Guatemala: Confronting Medical Pluralism in a Developing Country 2007 ISBN 9780806138596 Health Care in Maya Guatemala library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog F1435.3.M4 A43 2007 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Health Care in Maya Guatemala examines medical systems and institutions in three K’iche’ Maya communities to reveal the conflicts between indigenous medical care and Guatemalan biomedical system. The editors and contributors show how people in this rapidly modernizing society think about traditional practices--and reveal that health conditions in traditional communities deteriorate over time as long-standing medical practices erode in the face of Western encroachment. The contributors first consider cultural, institutional, and behavioral aspects of health care in Guatemala. Then they look closely at the nature and treatment of specific health issues, such as dentistry and mental health--especially depression. Finally they provide new insight on midwifery, nutrition, ethnomedicine, and other topics.</p> book Norman [Okla.] University of Oklahoma Press Conley Robert J Cherokee Indians Little Bear, John religion Rites and ceremonies SHAMANS Cherokee Medicine Man: The Life and Work of a Modern-Day Healer 2005 ISBN 0806136650 Cherokee Medicine Man library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog E99.C5 L54 2005 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Robert J. Conley did not set out to chronicle the life of Cherokee medicine man John Little Bear. Instead, the medicine man came to him. Little Bear asked Conley to write down his story, to reveal to the world “what Indian medicine is really about.” For Little Bear, as for the Cherokee ancestors who brought their traditions over the Trail of Tears to Indian Territory, the medicine is about helping people. Visitors from neighboring states and Mexico come to him, each one seeking help for a different kind of problem. Each seeker’s story is presented here exactly as it was told to Conley</p> book Durham Duke University Press Kirkland James Medicine, Traditional North Carolina TRADITIONAL medicine Virginia Herbal and Magical Medicine: Traditional Healing Today 1992 ISBN 0822312085 Herbal and Magical Medicine library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog GR110.V8 H47 1992 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Herbal and Magical Medicine draws on perspectives from folklore, anthropology, psychology, medicine, and botany to describe the traditional medical beliefs and practices among Native, Anglo- and African Americans in eastern North Carolina and Virginia. In documenting the vitality of such seemingly unusual healing traditions as talking the fire out of burns, wart-curing, blood-stopping, herbal healing, and rootwork, the contributors to this volume demonstrate how the region’s folk medical systems operate in tandem with scientific biomedicine. The authors provide illuminating commentary on the major forms of naturopathic and magico-religious medicine practiced in the United States. Other essays explain the persistence of these traditions in our modern technological society and address the bases of folk medical concepts of illness and treatment and the efficacy of particular pratices. The collection suggests a model for collaborative research on traditional medicine that can be replicated in other parts of the country. An extensive bibliography reveals the scope and variety of research in the field.</p> journalArticle Martin Richard T. The Role of Coca in the History, Religion, and Medicine of South American Indians 422-438 Oct. - Dec., 1970 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/4253177 2009-11-09 05:11:20 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Oct. - Dec., 1970 / Copyright © 1970 New York Botanical Garden Press Economic Botany 24 4 ISSN 00130001 book New York Bantam Books Kavasch E. Barrie Baar Karen Herbs Indians of North America Indians, North American Medicine Medicine, Traditional North America Therapeutic use TRADITIONAL medicine American Indian Healing Arts: Herbs, Rituals, and Remedies for Every Season of Life 1999 ISBN 0553378813 American Indian Healing Arts library.bu.edu Library Catalog book New York Routledge Laderman Carol Roseman Marina Folklore Performance Shamanism TRADITIONAL medicine The Performance of Healing 1996 ISBN 0415911990 library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog GR880 .P38 1996 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Medical systems need to be understood from within, as experienced by healers, patients, and others whose minds and hearts have both become involved in this important human undertaking. Exploring how the performance of healing transforms illness to health, initiate to ritual specialist, the authors show that performance does not merely refer to, but actually does something in the world. These essays on the performance of healing in societies ranging from rainforest horticulturalists to dwellers in the American megalopolis will touch readers’ senses as well as their intellects.</p> book University of Oklahoma Press Vogel Virgil J. American Indian Medicine 1990-09 ISBN 0806122935 Amazon.com book The Iroquois and their neighbors Syracuse, N.Y Syracuse University Press Williams Ted C East (U.S.) healing History History, 20th Century Indians, North American Medicine Medicine, Traditional religion Rites and ceremonies Shamanism TRADITIONAL medicine Tuscarora Indians Big Medicine from Six Nations 1st ed 2007 ISBN 9780815608639 library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog E99.T9 W55 2007 book Kingston, Jamaica University of the West Indies Press Payne-Jackson Arvilla Alleyne Mervyn C Africa African Continental Ancestry Group Cultural Diversity Health and hygiene Jamaica Jamaicans Medicine, Traditional Plants, Medicinal Social conditions Socioeconomic Factors TRADITIONAL medicine Jamaican Folk Medicine: A Source of Healing 2004 ISBN 9766401233 Jamaican Folk Medicine library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog GR121.J2 P39 2004 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">This pioneering work is multi-disciplinary in approach as it examines the rich folk medicine of Jamaican. The authors analyse the historical and linguistic aspects of folk medicine, based on their research, extensive fieldwork and interviews. They explore the sociological and ethnological dimensions of common healing practices and Jamaica’s biodiversity, in both flora and in fauna. As is the case with other aspects of Jamaican traditional culture, Jamaican folk medicine is largely misunderstood and subject to negative pejorative attitudes. This comprehensive study challenges some of the myths and misinformation. Particular attention is paid to cultural transference from Africa and the use of herbals in African-Jamaican religions. The comprehensive book is of academic value to teachers, students and researchers, and can also aid practitioners and policy makers in the field of health and healing.</p> journalArticle Jones Rex L. Shamanism in South Asia: A Preliminary Survey 330-347 May, 1968 Shamanism in South Asia http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/1061796 2009-11-09 04:50:35 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: May, 1968 / Copyright © 1968 The University of Chicago Press History of Religions 7 4 ISSN 00182710 book Westport, CT Bergin & Garvey Connor Linda Samuel Geoffrey ASIA healing Shamanism Social medicine TRADITIONAL medicine Healing Powers and Modernity: Traditional Medicine, Shamanism, and Science in Asian Societies 2000 ISBN 0897897153 Healing Powers and Modernity library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog RA418.3.A78 H43 2000 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Connor and Samuel explore the present state of a range of healing traditions in their Asian locales. The peoples examined include relatively remote populations such as the Iban of Sarawak, the Temiar of Malaysia, and the Sasak of Lomboko, as well as rural South Indians and Malays, the people of South Korea’s modern industrial cities, and Tibetans both in Chinese-controlled Tibet and in the refugee settlements of North India.</p> book Ann Arbor University of Michigan Press Thomas Nicholas Shamanism, history, and the state 1994 ISBN 9780472105120 Open WorldCat <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">The literature on shamanism and related topics is extensive, but has in general been biased toward curing and trance; the political and historical significance of shamanic activities has been largely neglected. The contributors to Shamanism, History, and the State--distinguished anthropologists and historians from England, Australia, and France--show that shamanism is not static and stable, but always changing as a result of political dynamics and historical processes.</p> book Austin University of Texas Press Lipp Frank J American Council of Learned Societies Medicine MEXICO Mixe Indians Mixe mythology Oaxaca (Mexico : State) religion Rites and ceremonies Shamanism Social life and customs TRADITIONAL medicine The Mixe of Oaxaca Religion, Ritual, and Healing 1st pbk. ed 1998 ISBN 0292747055 library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog F1221.M67 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">The Mixe of Oaxaca was the first extensive ethnography of the Mixe, with a special focus on Mixe religious beliefs and rituals and the curing practices associated with them. It records the procedures, design-plan, corresponding prayers, and symbolic context of well over one hundred rituals. Frank Lipp has written a new preface for this edition, in which he comments on the relationship of Mixe religion to current theoretical understandings of present-day Middle American folk religions.</p> journalArticle Irwin Lee Cherokee Healing: Myth, Dreams, and Medicine 237-257 Spring, 1992 Cherokee Healing http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/1185431 2009-11-09 05:06:57 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Spring, 1992 / Copyright © 1992 University of Nebraska Press American Indian Quarterly 16 2 ISSN 0095182X book Berkeley University of California Press Hand Wayland Debs Europe Medicine, Magic, mystic, and spagiric TRADITIONAL medicine United States Magical Medicine: The Folkloric Component of Medicine In the Folk Belief, Custom, and Ritual of the Peoples of Europe and America: Selected Essays of Wayland D. Hand 1980 ISBN 0520041291 Magical Medicine library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog GR880 .H35 book New York Oxford University Press Mann J. History Medicine, Traditional Pharmacology TRADITIONAL medicine Murder, Magic, and Medicine Rev. ed 2000 ISBN 0198507445 library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog RM300 .M1845 2000 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Pocket text presents how many of our modern medicines evolved from extracts that are poisonous, i.e. agents of murder, magic, and medicine. Topics include: arrow poisons, stimulants, antibacterial substances, and much more.</p> book Comparative studies of health systems and medical care Berkeley, CA University of California Press Laderman Carol Kampong Merchang (Terengganu) Malays (Asian people) Medicine religion Shamanism Social life and customs Terengganu TRADITIONAL medicine Taming the Wind of Desire: Psychology, Medicine, and Aesthetics in Malay Shamanistic Performance 1991 ISBN 0520069161 Taming the Wind of Desire library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog DS595 .L33 1991 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Charged with restoring harmony and relieving pain, the Malay shaman places his patients in trance and encourages them to express their talents, drives, personality traits – the “Inner Winds” of Malay medical lore – in a kind of performance. These healing ceremonies, formerly viewed by Western anthropologists as exotic curiosities, actually reveal complex multicultural origins and a unique indigenous medical tradition whose psychological content is remarkably relevant to contemporary Western concerns. Accepted as apprentice to a Malay shaman, Carol Laderman learned and recorded every aspect of the healing seance and found it comparable in many ways to the traditional dramas of Southeast Asia and of other cultures such as ancient Greece, Japan, and India. The Malay seance is a total performance, complete with audience, stage, props, plot, music, and dance. The players include the patient along with the shaman and his troupe. At the center of the drama are pivotal relationships among people, between humans and spirits, and within the self. The best of the Malay shamans are superb poets, dramatists, and performers as well as effective healers of body and soul.</p> journalArticle Annual Review of Anthropology 21 ISSN 00846570 Atkinson Jane Monnig Shamanisms Today 307-330 1992 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/2155990 2009-11-09 04:39:36 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: 1992 / Copyright © 1992 Annual Reviews journalArticle Nishimura Kho Shamanism and Medical Cures S59-S64 Aug. - Oct., 1987 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/2743439 2009-11-09 04:49:07 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Issue Title: Supplement: An Anthropological Profile of Japan / Full publication date: Aug. - Oct., 1987 / Copyright © 1987 The University of Chicago Press Current Anthropology 28 4 ISSN 00113204 journalArticle Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 583 ISSN 00027162 Johnston Susan L. Native American Traditional and Alternative Medicine Native American traditional medicine is alive and vibrant in many North American societies, although not all. These traditions coexist with other forms of healing, and the particular patterns of existence, interaction, and meaning vary among groups. The literature examining these issues is likewise diverse. This article explores, through a selective review of the recent literature, how social and behavioral scientists, among others, are focusing their investigations of traditional and alternative medicine in Native American communities of the United States and Canada today. Issues include how native practices have persisted and changed, how they are being used (e. g., in framing cultural identity), and how they interact with other systems, especially biomedicine and faith healing. 195-213 Sep., 2002 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/1049697 2009-10-13 03:59:24 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Issue Title: Global Perspectives on Complementary and Alternative Medicine / Full publication date: Sep., 2002 / Copyright © 2002 American Academy of Political and Social Science <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Native American traditional medicine is alive and vibrant in many North American societies, although not all. These traditions coexist with other forms of healing, and the particular patterns of existence, interaction, and meaning vary among groups. The literature examining these issues is likewise diverse. This article explores, through a selective review of the recent literature, how social and behavioral scientists, among others, are focusing their investigations of traditional and alternative medicine in Native American communities of the United States and Canada today. Issues include how native practices have persisted and changed, how they are being used (e.g, in framing cultural identity), and how they interact with other systems, especially biomedicine and faith healing.</p> journalArticle Journal of the American Academy of Religion 55 4 ISSN 00027189 Porterfield Amanda Shamanism: A Psychosocial Definition 721-739 Winter, 1987 Shamanism http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/1464682 2009-11-09 04:49:25 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Winter, 1987 / Copyright © 1987 American Academy of Religion book New York Liveright Tedlock Dennis Tedlock Barbara Indian mythology Indians of North America North America religion Teachings from the American Earth: Indian Religion and Philosophy 1st ed 1975 ISBN 0871405597 Teachings from the American Earth library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog E98.R3 T42 1975 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">This collection of writings is from authors who are either Indians who have tried to make themselves heard, or whites who have tried to hear Indians. The first part of the book emphasizes the practical and includes Isaac Tens’s “Career of the Medicine Man”. The second section concentrates on the theoretical and contains Benjamin Lee Whorf’s “American Indian Model of the Universe” and chapters on Indian metaphysics, among other things. In addition to an introductory essay on the Indian’s stance towards reality, the editors have contributed chapters entitled “The Clown’s Way” and “An American Indian View of Death”.</p> book Boulder, Colo Lynne Rienner Publishers Bernstein Jay H Borneo Medicine Medicine, Traditional religion Rites and ceremonies Shamanism Social life and customs Taman (Bornean people) TRADITIONAL medicine Spirits Captured in Stone: Shamanism and Traditional Medicine Among the Taman of Borneo 1997 ISBN 1555876927 Spirits Captured in Stone library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog DS646.32.T35 B47 1997 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">This work examines Shamanism and healing practices among the Taman of Borneo. It contributes to contemporary debates in cultural and medical anthropology, the anthropology of religion and magic, ritual, folklore, and Southeast Asian ethnography.</p> journalArticle Journal of the American Academy of Religion 65 1 ISSN 00027189 Walsh Roger The Psychological Health of Shamans: A Reevaluation 101-124 Spring, 1997 The Psychological Health of Shamans http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/1465820 2009-11-09 04:29:04 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Spring, 1997 / Copyright © 1997 American Academy of Religion book New York Routledge McNeill Brian Cervantes Joseph Michael Hispanic Americans Latin America Latin Americans Medicine Medicine, Traditional religion Spiritual Therapies spirituality TRADITIONAL medicine United States Latina/o Healing Practices: Mestizo and Indigenous Perspectives 2008 ISBN 9780415954204 Latina/O Healing Practices library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog GR105.3 .L38 2008 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">This edited volume focuses on the role of traditional or indigenous healers, as well as the application of traditional healing practices in contemporary counseling and therapeutic modalities with Latina/o people. The book offers a broad coverage of important topics, such as traditional healer’s views of mental/psychological health and well-being, the use of traditional healing techniques in contemporary psychotherapy, and herbal remedies in psychiatric practice. It also discusses common factors across traditional healing methods and contemporary psychotherapies, the importance of spirituality in counseling and everyday life, the application of indigenous healing practices with Latina/o undergraduates, indigenous techniques in working with perpetrators of domestic violence, and religious healing systems and biomedical models. The book is an important reference for anyone working within the general field of mental health practice and those seeking to understand culturally relevant practice with Latina/o populations.</p> book Boston New Science Library, Shambhala Achterberg Jeanne Imagery (Psychology) Medicine and psychology Medicine, Psychosomatic Mind and body Imagery in Healing: Shamanism and Modern Medicine 1st ed 1985 ISBN 0877733074 Imagery in Healing library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog R726.5 .A24 1985 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">This influential book shows how the systematic use of mental imagery can have a positive influence on the course of disease and can help patients to cope with pain. In Imagery in Healing, Jeanne Achterberg brings together modern scientific research and the practices of the earliest healers to support her claim that imagery is the world’s oldest and most powerful healing resource. The book has become a classic in the field of alternative medicine and continues to be read by new generations of health care professionals and lay people. In Imagery in Healing, Achterberg explores in detail the role of the imagination in the healing process. She begins with an exploration of the tradition of shamanism, “the medicine of the imagination,” surveying this time-honored way of touching the nexus of the mind, body, and soul. She then traces the history of the use of imagery within Western medicine, including a look at contemporary examples of how health care professionals have drawn on the power of the imagination through such methods as hypnosis, biofeedback, and the placebo effect. Ultimately, Achterberg looks to the science of immunology to uncover the most effective ground for visualization, and she presents data demonstrating how imagery can have a direct and profound impact on the workings of the immune system. Drawing on art, science, history, anthropology, and medicine, Imagery in Healing offers a highly readable overview of the profound and complex relationship between the imagination and the body.</p> book Bibliographies and indexes in American history no. 38 Westport, Conn Greenwood Press Osterreich Shelley Anne Bibliography Indians of North America Medicine North America religion Rites and ceremonies Shamanism Native North American Shamanism: An Annotated Bibliography 1998 ISBN 0313301689 Native North American Shamanism library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog Z1209.2.N67 O77 1998 book Santa Barbara, Calif ABC-CLIO Hatfield Gabrielle Alternative medicine English Medicine, Traditional TRADITIONAL medicine Encyclopedia of Folk Medicine: Old World and New World Traditions 2004 ISBN 1576078744 Encyclopedia of Folk Medicine library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog R733 .H376 2004 book Norman University of Oklahoma Press Schwarz Maureen Trudelle Christianity and other religions Indians, North American Medicine Medicine, Traditional Navajo Indians religion Religion and Medicine Shamanism Southwest, New Surgery TRADITIONAL medicine I Choose Life: Contemporary Medical and Religious Practices in the Navajo World 2008 ISBN 9780806139418 "I Choose Life" library.bu.edu.ezproxy.bu.edu Library Catalog E99.N3 S3577 2008 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">This book investigates how Navajos navigate their medically and religiously pluralistic world while coping with illness. Focusing on Navajo attitudes toward invasive procedures, Schwarz reveals the ideological conflicts experienced by Navajo patients and the reasons behind the choices they make to promote their own health and healing.</p> journalArticle Kan Sergei Shamanism and Christianity: Modern-Day Tlingit Elders Look at the Past Shamanism, a key element of the precontact Tlingit culture, was seen by Christian missionaries as one of the worst manifestations of paganism. A relentless campaign waged against the shamans by the missionaries, with the help of military and civil authorities, succeeded: by the final decades of the nineteenth century, the Tlingit had converted to Christianity, and by the 1930s most of the shamans had disappeared. In their effort to reconcile Christianity and the "traditional culture," modern-day Tlingit elders construct various interpretations of shamanism. The article examines these accounts as indigenous history and as ideological statements that challenge the notion of the inferiority of the aboriginal Tlingit religion to Christianity. 363-387 Autumn, 1991 Shamanism and Christianity http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/482478 2009-11-09 04:52:47 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Autumn, 1991 / Copyright © 1991 The American Society for Ethnohistory Ethnohistory 38 4 ISSN 00141801 <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">Shamanism, a key element of the precontact Tlingit culture, was seen by Christian missionaries as one of the worst manifestations of paganism. A relentless campaign waged against the shamans by the missionaries, with the help of military and civil authorities, succeeded: by the final decades of the nineteenth century, the Tlingit had converted to Christianity, and by the 1930s most of the shamans had disappeared. In their effort to reconcile Christianity and the “traditional culture,” modern-day Tlingit elders construct various interpretations of shamanism. The article examines these accounts as indigenous history and as ideological statements that challenge the notion of the inferiority of the aboriginal Tlingit religion to Christianity.</p> book University of Hawaii Press Macpherson Cluny Macpherson La'arasa Samoan Medical Belief and Practice 2007-01 ISBN 0824831330 Amazon.com <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">This comprehensive study of Samoan medicine explores why traditional Samoan medical beliefs and treatments, in the hands of skilled practitioners, continue to flourish alongside Western medical practice.</p> journalArticle American Ethnologist 9 1 ISSN 00940496 Peters Larry G. Trance, Initiation, and Psychotherapy in Tamang Shamanism The "calling" that inflicts the neophyte Tamang shaman is a "creative illness" reflecting an endogenous process that has the structure and function of a rite of passage. Shamanic apprenticeship includes the deliberate induction and mastery of trance states that originally afflicted the shaman. Mastery is equivalent to a psychotherapy, and Tamang initiation involves techniques that are also found in its Western and Eastern (yoga) counterparts. However, it is distinct from both in its social and psychological goals. [shamanism, altered states of consciousness, psychotherapy, religious experience, symbolism] 21-46 Feb., 1982 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/644310 2009-11-09 04:27:32 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Feb., 1982 / Copyright © 1982 American Anthropological Association <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">The “calling” that inflicts the neophyte Tamang shaman is a “creative illness” reflecting an endogenous process that has the structure and function of a rite of passage. Shamanic apprenticeship includes the deliberate induction and mastery of trance states that originally afflicted the shaman. Mastery is equivalent to a psychotherapy, and Tamang initiation involves techniques that are also found in its Western and Eastern (yoga) counterparts. However, it is distinct from both in its social and psychological goals. [shamanism, altered states of consciousness, psychotherapy, religious experience, symbolism]</p> journalArticle Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 36 3 ISSN 00218294 McClenon James Shamanic Healing, Human Evolution, and the Origin of Religion It is likely that "Homo sapiens" practiced shamanic healing for many millennia. Studies within anthropology, folklore, hypnosis, medical history, psychoneuroimmunology, and religion support the argument that suggestions embedded within shamanic rituals have therapeutic effects. Shamanic/hypnotic suggestions may reduce pain, enhance healing, control blood loss, facilitate childbirth, and alleviate psychological disorders. Those more responsive to such suggestions are hypothesized to have a survival advantage over the less susceptible. As a consequence, shamanic rituals selected for genotypes associated with hypnotizability, a trait correlated with frequency of anomalous and religious experiences. With the evolution of psychophysiological structures associated with hypnotizability, modern forms of religious sentiment became possible. 345-354 Sep., 1997 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stable/1387852 2009-10-13 04:18:42 JSTOR ArticleType: primary_article / Full publication date: Sep., 1997 / Copyright © 1997 Society for the Scientific Study of Religion <!-- @font-face { font-family: "Garamond"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.BibEntryAnnotation, li.BibEntryAnnotation, div.BibEntryAnnotation { margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: italic; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } --> <p class="BibEntryAnnotation">It is likely that “Homo sapiens” practiced shamanic healing for many millennia. Studies within anthropology, folklore, hypnosis, medical history, psychoneuroimmunology, and religion support the argument that suggestions embedded within shamanic rituals have therapeutic effects. Shamanic/hypnotic suggestions may reduce pain, enhance healing, control blood loss, facilitate childbirth, and alleviate psychological disorders. Those more responsive to such suggestions are hypothesized to have a survival advantage over the less susceptible. As a consequence, shamanic rituals selected for genotypes associated with hypnotizability, a trait correlated with frequency of anomalous and religious experiences. With the evolution of psychophysiological structures associated with hypnotizability, modern forms of religious sentiment became possible.</p> journalArticle Lyons Andrew P. Lyons Harriet D. Edo National Church of God Healing, Spiritual Idahosa, Benson Andrew, Abp, 1938-1998 Mass media in religion National Religious Broadcasters Nigeria--Religion peer reviewed Sects--Africa Magical medicine on television : Benin City, Nigeria 103-136 Wint 1987 Magical medicine on television EBSCOhost Journal of Ritual Studies 1 1 ISSN 0890-1112 attachment EBSCO Full Text 2011-12-08 19:29:04 http://content.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.bu.edu/ContentServer.asp?T=P&P=AN&K=ATLA0000803903&S=R&D=rfh&EbscoContent=dGJyMNLe80SeprY4wtvhOLCmr0mep7JSsK64TbWWxWXS&ContentCustomer=dGJyMPGuslGwqbFQuePfgeyx4I3w2%2BoA application/pdf attachment EBSCO Record 2011-12-08 19:29:01 http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rfh&AN=ATLA0000803903&site=ehost-live&scope=cite text/html A. General B. Asian Traditions 1. General 1. General 2. Traditons of South Asia 2. Traditons of South Asia a. General a. General a. General b. Historical and Philosophical b. Historical and Philosophical b. Historical and Philosophical c. Contemporary Concerns c. Contemporary Concerns c. Contemporary Concerns 3. Traditions of East Asia 3. Traditions of East Asia b. Historical and Philosophical b. Historical and Philosophical b. Historical and Philosophical a. General a. General a. General c. Contemporary Concerns c. Contemporary Concerns c. Contemporary Concerns C. Middle Eastern Traditions 3. Contemporary Concerns 3. Contemporary Concerns 1. General 1. General 2. Historical and Philosophical 2. Historical and Philosophical D. Western Traditions 3. Contemporary Concerns 3. Contemporary Concerns 1. General 1. General 2. Historical and Philosophical 2. Historical and Philosophical E. African Traditions F. Assorted Indigenous/Shamanic Tradtions