Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | C Alvarez-Millan |
Publication | Social History of Medicine: The Journal of the Society for the Social History of Medicine / SSHM |
Volume | 13 |
Issue | 2 |
Pages | 293-306 |
Date | Aug 2000 |
Journal Abbr | Soc Hist Med |
ISSN | 0951-631X |
Short Title | Practice versus theory |
URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/14535258 |
Accessed | Mon Nov 2 13:41:41 2009 |
Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
Extra | PMID: 14535258 |
Date Added | Sat Oct 1 17:02:41 2011 |
Modified | Tue Nov 15 11:48:42 2011 |
Medicine and disease in medieval Islam have thus far been approached through theoretic medical treatises, on the assumption that learned medical texts are a transparent account of reality. A question yet to be sufficiently explored is the extent to which the ideas and theoretical principles they contain were actually carried out in practice. This paper deals with the description of diseases occurring in a tenth-century Casebook (Kitab al-Tajarib) by Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariya’ al-Razi (known to Europeans as Rhazes)-the largest and oldest collection of case histories, so far as is known, in medieval Islamic medical literature. Since the author was a prolific medical writer, this study also includes a review of his medical and therapeutic principles dealing with eye diseases, as described in his learned treatises, and a comparison with those therapies actually employed in his everyday practice, as exemplified by the Casebook. The comparative analysis shows that the medical knowledge and the therapeutic advice so meticulously described in theoretical works were not paralleled in the physician’s medical performance. On the contrary, it appears that learned treatises served other purposes than determining medical practice.
Type | Journal Article |
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Author | Harry Brewer |
Publication | The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health |
Volume | 124 |
Issue | 4 |
Pages | 184-187 |
Date | Jul 2004 |
Journal Abbr | J R Soc Promot Health |
ISSN | 1466-4240 |
URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/15301318 |
Accessed | Mon Nov 2 13:39:30 2009 |
Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
Extra | PMID: 15301318 |
Date Added | Sat Oct 1 17:02:41 2011 |
Modified | Tue Nov 15 11:48:57 2011 |
The Arabian conquests during and after the 7th century led to a spread of Islam as well as the consequential influence of theology on health through the teachings of the Qur’an (Koran). Although traditional medicine was widely accepted and used, the character of early aggrandisement of Arabic medicine involved a facility for adapting and absorbing Graeco-Roman knowledge. The translation schools and libraries, famous in both the East and West, preserved and expanded the knowledge acquired. European academic learning owed much to the Arabs. Information came through Spain to Italy, France and, later on, England. The founding of hospitals, whilst not an Arab initiative, received a fillip from the religious prescriptions for care of the sick. The Military Orders developed specialist institutions for the sick, probably as a result of what they saw during their sojourn in the Middle East. The legacy of Arabic medical care is still with us today and deserves understanding and greater appreciation.
Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | Giles N Cattermole |
Publication | BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) |
Volume | 332 |
Issue | 7533 |
Pages | 120-121 |
Date | Jan 14, 2006 |
Journal Abbr | BMJ |
DOI | 10.1136/bmj.332.7533.120-c |
ISSN | 1468-5833 |
Short Title | How Islam changed medicine |
URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/16410599 |
Accessed | Mon Nov 2 13:35:19 2009 |
Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
Extra | PMID: 16410599 |
Date Added | Sat Oct 1 17:02:41 2011 |
Modified | Sat Oct 1 17:02:41 2011 |
Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | Leigh N B Chipman |
Publication | Medicine and Law |
Volume | 21 |
Issue | 2 |
Pages | 321-338 |
Date | 2002 |
Journal Abbr | Med Law |
ISSN | 0723-1393 |
URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/12184610 |
Accessed | Mon Nov 2 13:48:18 2009 |
Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
Extra | PMID: 12184610 |
Date Added | Sat Oct 1 17:02:41 2011 |
Modified | Tue Nov 15 11:49:39 2011 |
Most work on Islamic medical ethics has been in relation to the physician, yet physicians are only one category of many health-related professionals. In view of its role as mediator between the layman and medication, pharmacy is of perhaps equal importance. In medieval Islam, there seems to have been a clear differentiation between the physician and the pharmacist. However, most of our sources reflect the physician’s point of view. A text which uniquely reflects that of the pharmacist is the thirteenth-century Minhaj al-dukkan by al-Kuhin al-’Attar of Cairo. A comparison between the ethical contents of this book, and of similar works aimed at physicians, can indicate what the differences and similarities were between the “good physician” and the “good pharmacist.” Interestingly, the language used to define the “go od” professional is religiously neutral--there is nothing to evince a particular identity, beyond a general monotheism, on the part of the writers.
Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | Domenico De Maio |
Publication | Medicina Nei Secoli |
Volume | 14 |
Issue | 1 |
Pages | 39-68 |
Date | 2002 |
Journal Abbr | Med Secoli |
ISSN | 0394-9001 |
URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/12747380 |
Accessed | Mon Nov 2 13:44:16 2009 |
Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
Extra | PMID: 12747380 |
Date Added | Sat Oct 1 17:02:41 2011 |
Modified | Tue Nov 15 11:50:05 2011 |
Although psychiatric therapy and pharmacology in Medieval Islam are based on the ancient Greek tradition, the original Arabic contribution in the introduction and employment of new substances is undeniable. Another important aspect which received a decisive impetus by Arab physicians was the concept of psychical therapy.
Type | Book |
---|---|
Author | Muhammad ibn Ab¯i Bakr Ibn Qayyim al-Jawz¯iyah |
Place | Cambridge |
Publisher | Islamic Texts Society |
Date | 1998 |
ISBN | 0946621195 |
Library Catalog | library.bu.edu Library Catalog |
Call Number | BP166.72 |
Date Added | Sat Oct 1 17:02:41 2011 |
Modified | Sat Oct 1 17:02:41 2011 |
This book is a combination of religious and medical information, providing advice and guidance on the two aims of medicine - the preservation and restoration of health - in careful conformity with the teachings of Islam as enshrined in the Qur’an and the hadith, or sayings of the Prophet. Written in the fourteenth century by the renowned theologian Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya (d. 751AH/1350AD) as part of his work Zad al-Ma’ad, this book is a mine of information on the customs and sayings of the Prophet, as well as on herbal and medical practices current at the time of the author. In bringing together these two aspects, Ibn Qayyim has produced a concise summary of how the Prophet’s guidance and teaching can be followed, as well as how health, sickness and cures were viewed by Muslims in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. The original Arabic text offers an authoritative compendium of Islamic medicine and still enjoys much popularity in the Muslim world. This English translation is a more complete presentation than has previously been available and includes verification of all hadith references. Medicine of the Prophet will appeal not only to those interested in alternative systems of health and medicine, but also to people wishing to acquaint themselves with, or increase their knowledge of, hadith and the religion and culture of Islam.
Type | Book |
---|---|
Author | Ali ibn Ridwan |
Author | Adil Sulayman Jamal |
Translator | Michael W Dols |
Place | Berkeley |
Publisher | University of California Press |
Date | 1984 |
ISBN | 0520048369 |
Short Title | Medieval Islamic Medicine |
Library Catalog | library.bu.edu Library Catalog |
Call Number | R128.3 .A4513 1984 |
Date Added | Sat Oct 1 17:02:41 2011 |
Modified | Tue Nov 15 11:50:47 2011 |
Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | Houchang D Modanlou |
Publication | Archives of Iranian Medicine |
Volume | 11 |
Issue | 6 |
Pages | 673-677 |
Date | Nov 2008 |
Journal Abbr | Arch Iran Med |
ISSN | 1029-2977 |
URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/18976043 |
Accessed | Mon Nov 2 13:20:25 2009 |
Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
Extra | PMID: 18976043 |
Date Added | Sat Oct 1 17:02:41 2011 |
Modified | Tue Nov 15 11:52:11 2011 |
The resurgence of Islamic Civilization in the Near East in the 7th century AD and its expansion to Persian Empire and Westward provided opportunities of access Persian, Hellenic, and Roman writings in philosophy and medicine. Based on their observations and experiences, Islamic physician-philosophers expanded upon those writings and at times challenged them. Among these physician-philosophers admiring and challenging Galen was Zakariya Razi described as the greatest physician of Islam and Medieval Ages. A search of electronic and written materials about early Islamic Medicine was carried out focusing on Persian physician-philosophers Zakariya Razi. Abu Bakr Mohammad Ibn Zakariya al-Razi, known in the West as Rhazes, was born in 865 AD in the ancient city of Rey, Near Tehran. A musician during his youth he became an alchemist. He discovered alcohol and sulfuric acid. He classified substances as plants, organic, and inorganic. At age 30, he undertook the study of medicine. He was a prolific writer with more than 184 texts in medicine attributed to him with 40 of them currently available. Among them are Kitab al-Mansoori, Kitab al-Hawi, and Kitab al -Judari wa al-Hasabah. The latter is the first scientific description for the recognition and differentiation of smallpox and measles. The Bulletin of the World Health Organization of May 1970 pays tribute to Razi by stating “His writings on smallpox and measles show originality and accuracy, and his essay on infectious diseases was the first scientific treatise on the subject”. Razi established qualifications and ethical standards for the practice of medicine. Zakariya Razi was not only one of the most important Persian physician-philosophers of his era, but for centuries his writings became fundamental teaching texts in European medical schools. Some important aspects of his contributions to medicine are reviewed.
Type | Journal Article |
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Author | A Mohit |
Publication | Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal = La Revue De Santé De La Méditerranée Orientale = Al-Majallah Al-Ṣiḥḥīyah Li-Sharq Al-Mutawassiṭ |
Volume | 7 |
Issue | 3 |
Pages | 336-347 |
Date | May 2001 |
Journal Abbr | East. Mediterr. Health J |
ISSN | 1020-3397 |
Short Title | Mental health and psychiatry in the Middle East |
URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/12690751 |
Accessed | Mon Nov 2 13:28:33 2009 |
Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
Extra | PMID: 12690751 |
Date Added | Sat Oct 1 17:02:41 2011 |
Modified | Tue Nov 15 11:52:44 2011 |
A brief account is given of attitudes towards mental health and the development of psychiatry in the Middle East from an historical perspective. The Middle East is considered as a cultural entity and the influence of the beliefs and practices of ancient times on the collective mind of the people of the Region is discussed.
Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | A Okasha |
Publication | Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal = La Revue De Santé De La Méditerranée Orientale = Al-Majallah Al-Ṣiḥḥīyah Li-Sharq Al-Mutawassiṭ |
Volume | 7 |
Issue | 3 |
Pages | 377-380 |
Date | May 2001 |
Journal Abbr | East. Mediterr. Health J |
ISSN | 1020-3397 |
URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/12690756 |
Accessed | Mon Nov 2 13:28:16 2009 |
Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
Extra | PMID: 12690756 |
Date Added | Sat Oct 1 17:02:41 2011 |
Modified | Tue Nov 15 11:53:04 2011 |
This paper provides an historical look at the Egyptian contribution to mental health from Pharaonic times through to the Islamic era and up to today. The current situation as regards mental health in Egypt is described.
Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | Peter E Pormann |
Publication | Lancet |
Volume | 373 |
Issue | 9675 |
Pages | 1598-1599 |
Date | May 9, 2009 |
Journal Abbr | Lancet |
ISSN | 1474-547X |
URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19437603 |
Accessed | Mon Nov 2 13:17:37 2009 |
Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
Extra | PMID: 19437603 |
Date Added | Sat Oct 1 17:02:41 2011 |
Modified | Sat Oct 1 17:02:41 2011 |
Type | Book |
---|---|
Author | Peter E Pormann |
Author | Emilie Savage-Smith |
Place | Washington, D.C |
Publisher | Georgetown University Press |
Date | 2007 |
ISBN | 9781589011601 |
Library Catalog | library.bu.edu Library Catalog |
Call Number | R128.3 .P67 2007 |
Date Added | Sat Oct 1 17:02:41 2011 |
Modified | Sat Oct 1 17:02:41 2011 |
The medical tradition that developed in the lands of Islam during the medieval period (c. 650-1500) has, like few others, influenced the fates and fortunes of countless human beings. It is the story of contact and cultural exchange across countries and creeds, affecting caliphs, kings, courtiers, courtesans, and the common crowd. This tradition formed the roots from which modern Western medicine arose. Contrary to the stereotypical picture, medieval Islamic medicine was not simply a conduit for Greek ideas, but a venue for innovation and change. The book is organized around five topics: the emergence of medieval Islamic medicine and its intense cross-pollination with other cultures; the theoretical medical framework; the function of physicians within the larger society; medical care as seen through preserved case histories; and the role of magic and devout religious invocations in scholarly as well as everyday medicine. A concluding chapter on the “afterlife” concerns the impact of this tradition on modern European medical practices, and its continued practice today. The book includes an index of persons and their books; a timeline of developments in East and West; and a chapter-by-chapter annotated bibliographic essay.
Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | R Shane Tubbs |
Author | Marios Loukas |
Author | Mohammadali M Shoja |
Author | Mohammad Ardalan |
Author | W Jerry Oakes |
Publication | Journal of Neurosurgery. Spine |
Volume | 9 |
Issue | 3 |
Pages | 314-317 |
Date | Sep 2008 |
Journal Abbr | J Neurosurg Spine |
ISSN | 1547-5654 |
URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/18928231 |
Accessed | Mon Nov 2 13:20:54 2009 |
Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
Extra | PMID: 18928231 |
Date Added | Sat Oct 1 17:02:41 2011 |
Modified | Tue Nov 15 11:55:00 2011 |
The 11th century was culturally and medicinally one of the most exciting periods in the history of Islam. Medicine of this day was influenced by the Greeks, Indians, Persians, Coptics, and Syriacs. One of the most prolific writers of this period was Ibn Jazlah, who resided in Baghdad in the district of Karkh. Ibn Jazlah made many important observations regarding diseases of the brain and spinal cord. These contributions and a review of the life and times of this early Muslim physician are presented.
Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | Nedim Unal |
Author | Omur Elcioglu |
Publication | Saudi Medical Journal |
Volume | 30 |
Issue | 3 |
Pages | 323-328 |
Date | Mar 2009 |
Journal Abbr | Saudi Med J |
ISSN | 0379-5284 |
URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/19271057 |
Accessed | Mon Nov 2 13:18:08 2009 |
Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
Extra | PMID: 19271057 |
Date Added | Sat Oct 1 17:02:41 2011 |
Modified | Tue Nov 15 11:55:16 2011 |
Ibn Al-Haitham (known as Alhazen in Latin [965 Basra, Iraq-1039, Cairo, Egypt]) was a scientist who played an important role in the middle age Islam world. He wrote many books and novels, but only 90 of them are known. His main book Kitab al-Manazir was translated into Western languages in the late twelfth century, and in the early thirteenth century. In this book, he formulated many hypotheses on optical science. The book, which is also known as Optic treasure (opticae thesaurus), affected many famous Western scientists. He became an authority until the seventeenth century in the Eastern and Western countries. Roger Bacon (1212-1294), who made radical changes in the Western optical traditions, reconfirmed Ibn Al-Haitham’s findings. Ibn al-Haitham began his book Kitab al-Manazir with the anatomy and physiology of the eye. He specifically described cornea, humor aqueous, lens, and corpus vitreum. He examined the effect of light on seeing. He caused changes in the prevailing ideas of his age, and suggested that light came from objects, not from the eye. He provided information regarding the optic nerve, retina, iris, and conjunctiva. He showed the system of the eye as a dioptric, and the relations between the parts of the eye. It is understood that he mastered all knowledge on the structure of the eye in his century. The best proof of this is the eye picture that he drew.
Type | Journal Article |
---|---|
Author | John Urquhart |
Publication | BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) |
Volume | 332 |
Issue | 7533 |
Pages | 120 |
Date | Jan 14, 2006 |
Journal Abbr | BMJ |
DOI | 10.1136/bmj.332.7533.120-b |
ISSN | 1468-5833 |
Short Title | How Islam changed medicine |
URL | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.bu.edu/pubmed/16410600 |
Accessed | Mon Nov 2 13:35:04 2009 |
Library Catalog | NCBI PubMed |
Extra | PMID: 16410600 |
Date Added | Sat Oct 1 17:02:41 2011 |
Modified | Sat Oct 1 17:02:41 2011 |