References

 

Almli, C., Ball, R., & Wheeler, M. (2001). Human fetal and neonatal movement patterns: Gender differences and fetal-to-neonatal continu! ity. Developmental Psychobiology, 38, 252-273.

 

D’Elia, A., Pighetti, M., Moccia, G., & Santangelo, N. (2001). Spontaneous motor activity in normal fetuses. Early Human Development, 65, 139-147.

 

De Vries, J., Visser, G., & Prechtl, H. (1982). The emergence of fetal behavior. I. Qualitative aspects. Early Human Development, 7, 301-322.

 

DiPietro, J., Bornstein, M., Costigan, K., Pressman, E., Hahn, C., Painter, K., Smith, B., & Yi, L. (2002). What does fetal movement predict about behavior during the first two years of life? Developmental Psychobiology, 40, 358-371.

 

DiPietro, J., Hodgson, D., Costigan, K., Hilton, S., & Johnson, T. (1996a). Fetal neurobehavioral development. Child Development, 67, 2553-2567.

 

DiPietro, J., Hodgson, D., Costigan, K., & Johnson, T. (1996b). Fetal antecedents of infant temperament. Child Development, 67, 2568-2583.

 

Eaton, W. & Saudino, K. (1992). Prenatal activity level as a temperament dimension? Individual differences and developmental functions in fetal movement. Infant Behavior and Development, 15, 57-70.

 

Edwards, D. & Edwards, J. (1970). Fetal movement: Development and time course. Science, 169, 95-97.

 

Groome, L., Swiber, M., Holland, S., Bentz, L., Atterbury, J., & Trimm, R. (1999). Spontaneous motor activity in the perinatal infant before and after birth: Stability in individual differences. Developmental Psychobiology, 35, 15-24.

 

Ianniruberto, A. & Tajani, E. (1981). Ultrasonographic study of fetal movements. Seminars in Perinatology, 5, 175-181.

 

Ishikawa, A. & Minamide, E. (1984). Correlation between fetal activity and the neonatal behavioral assessment scale. Early Child Development and Care, 17, 155-166.

 

McCall, R. (1990). Infancy research: Individual differences. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 36, 141-158.

 

Prechtl, H. (1984). Continuity and change in early neural development. Clinics in Developmental Medicine, 94, 1-15.

 

Prechtl, H. (1987). Prenatal development of postnatal behavior. In H. Rauh & H. Steinhausen (Eds.), Psychobiology and Early Development. Holland: Elsevier Science Publishers. pp. 231-238.

 

Prechtl, H. & Einspieler, C. (1997). Is neurological assessment of the fetus possible? European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 75, 81-84.

Richards, T. & Newbery, H. (1938). Studies in fetal behavior: III. Can performance on test items at six months postnatally be predicted on the basis of fetal activity? Child Development, 9, 79-86.

 

Richards, T., Newbery, H., & Fallgatter, R. (1938). Studies in fetal behavior: II. Activity of the human fetus in utero and its relation to other prenatal conditions, particularly the mother’s basal metabolic rate. Child Development, 9, 69-78.

 

ten Hof, J., Nijhuis, I., Nijhuis, J., Narayan, H., Taylor, D., Visser, G., & Mulder, E. (1999). Quantitative analysis of fetal general movements: Methodological considerations. Early Human Development, 56, 57-73.

 

Van Dongen, L. & Goudie, E. (1980). Fetal movement patterns in the first trimester of pregnancy. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 87, 191-193.

 

Walters, C. (1965). Prediction of postnatal development from fetal activity. Child Development, 36, 801-808.

 

Wohlwill, J. (1973). The study of behavioral development. New York: Academic Press.