Curriculum Vitae of CRYSTAL SCHAAF

Research Professor
Center for Remote Sensing
Department of Geography and Environment
Boston University
675 Commonwealth Avenue
Boston, MA 02215-1401

Telephone: (617) 358-0503
Fax: (617) 353-3200
e-mail: schaaf@bu.edu

Experience

Research Professor 2008-Present
Center for Remote Sensing / Department of Geography and Environment Boston University, Boston MA

Research Associate Professor 2000-2008
Department of Geography / Center for Remote Sensing Boston University, Boston MA

Research Assistant Professor 1996-2000
Department of Geography / Center for Remote Sensing Boston University, Boston MA

Research Meteorologist 1986-1996
Satellite Branch, Geophysics Directorate, USAF Phillips Laboratory, Hanscom AFB MA

Atmospheric Research Officer 1982-1986
Cloud Physics Branch, USAF Geophysics Laboratory (AFGL), Hanscom AFB MA

Academic Qualifications

Boston University, Boston, MA Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA Harvard University, University Extension, Cambridge, MA


Awards

  • NASA Group Achievement Award: Aqua Mission Team 8-27-2003


  • Goddard Space Flight Center Group Achievement Award: Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua Mission Team 5-16-2003


    • Research Efforts

  • Global Land Surface Albedo and Anisotropy Product from MODIS and VIIRS for Climate and Vegetation Studies, C.L.B. Schaaf (PI), $956,000, NASA, 12/18/07 - 12/17/10


  • Cooperative Institute for climate and satellites: Assessments of Albedo and Surface Type, C.L.B. Schaaf (PI) with M. Friedl, CoI: NOAA; 07-2009-06-2014; $1,000,000


  • Mapping Changes in Shrub Abundance and Biomass in Arctic Tundara using NASA Earth Observing System Data and Geometric Optical Modeling: M. Chopping (Montclair U.) PI; C.L.B. Schaaf BU-PI; NASA, 07-2009-06-2012; $206,596


  • Assessment and Enhancement of Albedo Derived From the MODIS BRDF/Albedo Product at the ARM SGP, C.L.B. Schaaf (PI) with A. Strahler, $188,732, DOE, 1/15/06 - 1/14/09


  • Algorithim Refinement for the MODIS Bidirectional Reflectance / Albedo Product, C.L.B. Schaaf (PI) with A. Strahler, X. Li, Co-I at PIK, $698,049, 3/31/04-3/30/07.


  • Assessment of aerosol, and albedo and surface type Environment Data Records (EDRs) from VIIRS, C.L.B. Schaaf (PI) with A. Strahler, M. Friedl at BU, Co-I at UMD, $462,608, 1/1/04 - 12/31/06.


  • A Daily BRDF/Albedo Algorithm for MODIS Direct Broadcast Sites. C.L.B. Schaaf (PI) with A. Strahler, X. Li at BU, CoI at UMD, $582,894.00, 8/15/04 - 8/14/07.


  • Using EOS to Characterize the Impacts of Land Use Change on Surface Hydrological Processes in Climate Models, Robert E. Dickinson (PI-Georgia Tech), C.L.B. Schaaf (PI-BU) with A. Strahler, M. Friedl, R. Myneni, N. Shabanov, E. Tsvetsinskaya and Y. Knyazikhin at BU. $300,000, 8/15/04 -8/14/07.


  • Seasonal & Global Representation of Land Surface Properties from MODIS & Other EOS Instruments & Their Implications for Application in Climate Models, Robert E. Dickinson (PI-Georgia Tech), C.L.B. Schaaf (PI-BU) with N. Shabanov and E. Tsvetsinskaya at BU. $138,000, 6/1/04 - 5/31/07.


  • Improving the Representation of Land in Climate Models by Application of EOS Observations, Robert E. Dickinson (PI-Georgia Tech), C.L.B. Schaaf (PI-BU) with A. Strahler, M. Friedl, R. Myneni, and Y. Knyazikhin at BU. NASA-EOSIDS, $270,000, 1/1/2001-12/31/2003.


  • Land Surface Albedo From MERIS Reflectances Using MODIS Directional Factors, Schaaf, Strahler, Gao, Co-Is at PIK, UCL, $116,910 9/1/01-12/31/03.


  • Algorithm Development for NPOESS, C.L.B. Schaaf (PI), with M. Friedl, J. Key, A.H. Strahler, and C.E. Woodcock, Co-Is at BU, AER Inc., $678,450, 1/1/97-6/16/00.


  • Land Cover/Land-Cover Change, Albedo, BRDF/Directional Reflectance and Spatial Structure Products from MODIS-N and MODIS-T, NASA Office of Space Science and Applications, NASA-EOSAO, MODIS Team Member Investigation, A. H. Strahler (PI) (C.L.B. Schaaf, Associate Team Member). $9,464,991, 1/1/92 - 12/15/03.


    • List of Publications

    JOURNAL ARTICLES

     

  • Román, M. O., C. B. Schaaf, P. Lewis, F. Gao, G. P. Anderson, J. L. Privette, A. H. Strahler, C. E. Woodcock, M. Barnsley, Assessing the coupling between surface albedo derived from MODIS and the fraction of diffuse skylight over spatially-characterized landscapes, Remote Sensing of Environment, 114, 738-760,2010.


  • Ju, J.,D. Roy, Y. Shuai, C. Schaaf, Development of an approach for generation of temporally complete daily nadir MODIS reflectance time series,Remote Sensing of Environment, 114, 1-20,2010.


  • Hall, D. K., S. V. Nghiem, C. B. Schaaf, N. E. DiGirolamo, and G. Neumann, Evaluation of surface and nearsurface melt characteristics on the Greenland ice sheet using MODIS and QuikSCAT data,J. Geophys. Res., 114, F04006, doi:10.1029/2009JF001287,2009.


  • Schaaf, C.B., J. Cihlar, A. Belward, E. Dutton, and M. Verstraete, Albedo and Reflectance Anisotropy, ECV-T8: GTOS Assessment of the status of the development of standards for the Terrestrial Essential Climate Variables, ed., R. Sessa, FAO, Rome, May 2009.


  • Román, M. O., C. B. Schaaf, C. E. Woodcock, A. H. Strahler, X. Yang, R.H. Braswell, P. Curtis, K.J. Davis, D. Dragoni, M. L. Goulden, L. Gu, D. Y. Hollinger, T. E. Kolb, T.P. Meyer, J. W. Munger, J.L. Privette, A.D. Richardson, T.B. Wilson, S. C. Wofsy, The MODIS (Collection V005) BRDF/albedo product: Assessment of spatial representativeness over forested landscapes, Remote Sensing of Environment, 113, 2476-2498,2009.


  • Rutan, D., F. Rose, M. Román, N. Manalo-Smith, C. Schaaf, and T. Charlock, Development and assessment of broadband surface albedo from Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System Clouds and Radiation Swath data product, J. Geophys. Res.,114, D08125, doi:10.1029/2008JD010669,2009.


  • Zhang, X., M. Friedl, and C. Schaaf, Sensitivity of vegetation phenology detection to the temporal resolution of satellite data. Int. J. Remote Sens.,30:8,2061-2074, 2009.


  • Liu, J., C. Schaaf, A. Strahler, Z. Jiao, Y. Shuai, Q. Zhang, M. Roman, J. A. Augustine, E. G. Dutton, Validation of MODIS Albedo Retrieval Algorithm: Dependence of Albedo on Solar Zenith Angle, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D01106,doi:10.1029/2008JD009969,2009.


  • Moody, E., M. D. King, C. B. Schaaf, and S. Platnick, MODIS-Derived Spatially Complete Surface Albedo Products: Spatial and Temporal Pixel Distribution and Zonal Averages, Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 47,2879-2894,2008.


  • Dickinson, R.E., L. Zhou, Y. Tian, Q. Liu, T. Lavergne, B. Pinty, C. B. Schaaf, and Y. Knyazikhin, A 3-Dimensional Analytic Model for the Scattering of a Spherical Bush., J. Geophys. Res., 113, D20113, doi:10.1029/2007JD009564, 2008.


  • Knobelspiesse, K. D., B. Cairns, B. Schmid, M. O. Román, and C. B. Schaaf, Surface BRDF estimation from an aircraft compared to MODIS and ground estimates at the Southern Great Plains site, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D20105, doi:10.1029/2008JD010062, 2008.


  • Coddington, O., K. S. Schmidt, P. Pilewskie, W. J. Gore, R. W. Bergstrom, M. Román, J. Redemann, P. B. Russell, J. Liu, and C. C. Schaaf, Aircraft measurements of spectral surface albedo and its consistency with ground-based and space-borne observations, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D17209, doi:10.1029/2008JD010089,2008.


  • Strahler, A. D. L. B. Jupp, C. E. Woodcock, C. B. Schaaf, T. Yao, F. Zhao, X. Yang, J. Lovell, D. Culvenor,G. Newnham, W. Ni-Miester, and W. Boykin-Morris, Retrieval of Forest Structural Parameters Using a Ground-Based Lidar Instrument (Echidna), Can. J. Remote Sensing, Vol. 34, Suppl. 2, S385-S397, 2008.


  • Hill, M., C. Averill, Z. Jiao, C. Schaaf, and J. Armston, Relationship of MISR RPV parameters and MODIS BRDF shape indicators to surface vegetation patterns in an Australian tropical savanna, Can. J. Remote Sensing, Vol. 34, Suppl. 2, S247-267, 2008.


  • Ni-Meister, W., A. H. Strahler, C. E. Woodcock, C. B. Schaaf, D. L.B. Jupp, T. Yao, F. Zhao, and X. Yang, Modeling the hemispherical scanning, below-canopy lidar and vegetation structure characteristics with a geometric-optical and radiative-transfer model, Can. J. Remote Sensing, Vol. 34, Suppl. 2, pp. S385-S397, 2008


  • Stone, R. S., G. P. Anderson, E. P. Shettle, E. Andrews, K. Loukachine, E. G. Dutton, C. Schaaf, and M. O. Roman III, Radiative impact of boreal smoke in the Arctic: Observed and modeled, J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 113, D14S16, doi:10.1029/2007JD009657, 2008


  • Schaaf, C. L., J. Martonchik, B. Pinty, Y. Govaerts, F. Gao, A. Lattanzio, J. Liu, A. H. Strahler, and M. Taberner, Retrieval of Surface Albedo from Satellite Sensors,in Advances in Land Remote Sensing: System, Modeling, Inversion and Application, S. Liang, Ed., Springer, ISBN 978-1-4020-6449-4, page 219-243, 2008.


  • Roy, D.P., Ju, J., Lewis, P., Schaaf, C., Gao, F.,Hansen, M., Lindquist, E.,, Multi-temporal MODIS-Landsat data fusion for relative radiometric normalization, gap filling, and prediction of Landsat data, Remote Sensing of Environment,112:3112-3130,2008.


  • Schaaf, C., Albedo and Reflectance Anisotropy, Terrestrial Essential Climate Variables for Climate Change Assessment, Mitigation and Adaptation., GTOS-52, Eds. R. Sessa and H. Dolman, FAO, Rome, 28-29, January 2008.


  • Shuai Y., C. B. Schaaf, A. H. Strahler, J. Liu, Z. Jiao (2008), Quality assessment of BRDF/albedo retrievals in MODIS operational system, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L05407, doi:10.1029/2007GL032568.


  • Schaaf, C. L. B., J. Liu, F. Gao and A. H. Strahler, MODIS Albedo and Reflectance Anisotropy Products from Aqua and Terra, In Land Remote Sensing and Global Environmental Change: NASA’s Earth Observing System and the Science of ASTER and MODIS, B. Ramachandran, C. Justice, M. Abrams, Eds., Springer-Verlag, in press, 2009.


  • Fang, H., S. Liang, H.-Y. Kim, J. R. Townshend, C. L. Schaaf, A. H. Strahler, R.E. Dickinson, Developing a spatially continuous 1km surface albedo dataset over North America from Terra MODIS products, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D10125, doi:10.1029/2006JD008377, 2007.


  • Schaaf, C. L., The Sunlit Earth. In Our Changing Planet: The View from Space, M. D. King, C. L. Parkinson, K. C. Partington, and R. G. Williams, Eds., Cambridge University Press, 129-135, 2007.


  • Moody, E. G., M. D. King, C. B. Schaaf, D. K. Hall, and S. Platnick, 2007: Northern Hemisphere five-year average (2000-2004) spectral albedos of surfaces in the presence of snow: Statistics computed from Terra MODIS land products. Remote Sens. Environ., 111, 337-345.


  • Zhang, X., M. A. Friedl, C. B. Schaaf, Global vegetation phenology from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS): Evaluation of global patterns and comparison with in situ measurements ,J. Geophys. Res., 111, G04017,doi:10.1029/2006JG000217,2006.


  • Tsvetsinskaya, E., C. B. Schaaf, F. Gao, A. H. Strahler, and R. E. Dickinson, Spatial and temporal variability in Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer¨C derived surface albedo over global arid regions, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D20106, doi:10.1029/2005JD006772, 2006..


  • Roy, D. P., P. Lewis, C. B. Schaaf, S. Devadiga, and L. Boschetti, 2006. Global Impact of Cloud on the Production of MODIS Bidirectional Reflectance Model-Based Composites for Terrestrial Monitoring, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, Vol. 3, No. 4, 2006..


  • Salomon, J., C. B. Schaaf, A. H. Strahler, F. Gao, Y. Jin, Validation of the MODIS Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function and Albedo Retrievals Using Combined Observations from the Aqua and Terra Platforms, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. Vol. 44, No. 6, June 2006.


  • Gao, F., C. Schaaf, A. Strahler, A. Roesch, W. Lucht, and R. Dickinson, The MODIS BRDF/Albedo Climate Modeling Grid Products and the Variability of Albedo for Major Global Vegetation Types, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D01104, doi:10.1029/2004JD00519, 2005.




  • Moody, E. G., M. D. King, S. Platnick, C. B. Schaaf, and F. Gao, Spatially complete global spectral surface albedos: Value-added datasets derived from Terra MODIS land products. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 43, 144-158, 2005.


  • Stroeve, J., J. Box, F. Gao, S. Liang, A. Nolin, C. Schaaf, Accuracy Assessment of the MODIS 16-day Albedo Product for Snow: Comparisons with Greenland in situ Measurements., Remote Sens. Environ., 94, 46-60, doi:10.1016/j.rse.2004.09.001, 2005.


  • Roesch, A., C. Schaaf and F. Gao, Use of Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer bidirectional reflectance distribution function products to enhance simulated surface albedos, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D12, doi:10.1029/2004JD004552, 2004.


  • Zhang, X., M. Friedl, C.B. Schaaf, A. H. Strahler, A. Schneider, The footprint of urban climates on vegetation phenology, Geophys. Res. Let., 31, L12209, doi:10.1029/2004GL020137, 2004.


  • Zhang, X., M. Friedl, C.B. Schaaf, A. H. Strahler, Climate controls on vegetation phenological patterns in northern mid- and high latitudes inferred from MODIS data., Global Change Biology, 10, 1133-1145, 2004.


  • Roujean, J.-L., C. B. Schaaf, and W. Lucht, Fundamentals of bi-directional reflectance and BRDF modeling, in: Reflective Properties of Vegetation and Soil, editors: M. von Schoenmark, B. Geiger, H.P. Roeser, Wissenshaft und Technik Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 352pp., 105-120, 2004.


  • Tian, Y., R. E. Dickinson, L. Zhou, R. B. Myneni, M. Friedl, C. B. Schaaf, M. Carroll, and F. Gao, Land boundary conditions from MODIS data and consequences for the albedo of a climate model, Geophys. Res. Let., 31, doi:10.1029/2003GL019104, 2004.


  • Wang, Z., X. Zeng, M. Barlage, R. E. Dickinson, F. Gao, and C. Schaaf, Using MODIS BRDF and Albedo Data to Evaluate Global Model Land Surface Albedo, J. Hydrometeor., 5, 3-14, 2004.


  • Zhou, L., R. E. Dickinson, Y. Tian, X. Zeng, Y. Dai, Z.-L. Yang, C. B. Schaaf, F. Gao, Y. Jin, A. Strahler, R. B. Myneni, H. Yu, W. Wu, and M. Shaikh, Comparison of seasonal and spatial variations of albedos from Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Common Land Model. J. Geophys. Res., 108, D15, 4488, doi:10.1029/2002JD003326, 2003.


  • Gao, F., C. B. Schaaf, A. H. Strahler, Y. Jin, and X. Li, Detecting vegetation structure using a kernel-based BRDF model. Remote Sens. Environ., 86(2), 198-205, 2003.


  • Oleson, K. W., G. B. Bonan, C. Schaaf, F. Gao, Y. Jin, and A. Strahler, Assessment of global climate model land surface albedo using MODIS data, Geophys. Res. Letters, 30(8), 1443, doi:10.1029/2002GL016749, 2003.


  • Zhang, X., M.A. Friedl, C.B. Schaaf, A. H. Strahler, J.C.F. Hodges, F. Gao, B. C. Reed, and A. Huete, Monitoring vegetation phenology using MODIS, Remote Sens. Environ., 84, 471-475, 2003.


  • Jin, Y., C. B. Schaaf, C. E. Woodcock, F. Gao, X. Li, A. H. Strahler, W. Lucht, S. Liang, Consistency of MODIS surface BRDF/Albedo retrievals: 1. Algorithm performance, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D5), 4158, doi:10.1029/2002JD002803, 2003.


  • Jin, Y., C. B. Schaaf, C. E. Woodcock, F. Gao, X. Li, A. H. Strahler, W. Lucht, S. Liang, Consistency of MODIS surface BRDF/Albedo retrievals: 2. Validation, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D5), 4159, doi:10.1029/2002JD002804, 2003.


  • Schaaf, C. B., F. Gao, A. H. Strahler, W. Lucht, X. Li, T. Tsang, N. C. Strugnell, X. Zhang, Y. Jin, J.-P. Muller, P. Lewis, M. Barnsley, P. Hobson, M. Disney, G. Roberts, M. Dunderdale, C. Doll, R. d'Entremont, B. Hu, S. Liang, and J. L. Privette, First Operational BRDF, Albedo and Nadir Reflectance Products from MODIS, Remote Sens. Environ., 83, 135-148, 2002.


  • Friedl, M. A., D. K. McIver, J. C. F. Hodges, X. Zhang, D. Muchoney, A. H. Strahler, C. E. Woodcock, S. Gopal, A. Schnieder, A. Cooper, A. Baccini, F. Gao, and C. Schaaf, "Global land cover from MODIS: Algorithms and early results", Remote Sens. Environ., 83, 287-302, 2002.


  • Liang, S., H. Fang, M. Chen, C. J. Shuey, C. Walthall, C. Daughtry, J. Morisette, C. Schaaf and A. Strahler, Validating MODIS Land Surface Reflectance and Albedo Products: Methods and Preliminary Results, Remote Sens. Environ., 83, 149-162, 2002.


  • Jin, Y., C. Schaaf, F Gao, X. Li, A. Strahler, C. Bruegge, and J. Martonchik, Improving MODIS Surface BRDF/Albedo Retrieval with MISR Multi-angle Observations, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 40, 1593-1604, 2002.


  • Jin, Y., C. Schaaf, F Gao, X. Li, A. Strahler, X. Zeng, R. Dickinson, How does snow impact the albedo of vegetated land surfaces as analyzed with MODIS data?, Geophys. Res. Let., 29, 10.1029/2001GL014132, 2002.


  • Tsvetsinskaya, E., C. Schaaf, F. Gao, A. Strahler, R. Dickinson, X. Zeng, W. Lucht, Relating MODIS derived surface albedo to soils andlandforms over Northern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, Geophys. Res. Let., 29, 10.1029/2001GL014096, 2002.


  • Gao, F., Y. Jin, X. Li, C. Schaaf, and A. H. Strahler, Bidirectional NDVI and Atmospherically Resistant BRDF Inversion for Vegetation Canopy, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 40, 1269-1278, 2002.


  • Wei, X., A. Hahmann, R. E. Dickinson, Z.-L. Liang, X. Zeng, K. Schaudt, C. Schaaf, and N. Strugnell, Comparison of albedos computed by land surface models and evaluation against remotely sensed data, J. Geophys. Res., D-106, 20,687-20702, 2001.


  • Gao, F., C. Schaaf, A.H. Strahler and W. Lucht, Using a multi-kernel least variance approach to retrieve and evaluate albedo from limited BRDF observations, Remote Sens. Environ., 76, 57-66, 2001.


  • Strugnell, N., W. Lucht, and C. Schaaf, A global albedo data set derived from AVHRR data for use in climate simulations, Geophys. Res. Let. , 28, 191-194, 2001.


  • Strugnell, N., and W. Lucht, Continental-scale albedo inferred from AVHRR data, land cover class and field observations of typical BRDFs, J. Climate, 14, 1360-1376, 2001.


  • Gao, F., X. Li, A.H. Strahler and C. Schaaf, Evaluation of the LiTransit Kernel for BRDF Modeling, Remote Sensing Reviews, 19, 205-224, 2001.


  • Lucht, W., C.B. Schaaf, and A.H. Strahler. An Algorithm for the retrieval of albedo from space using semiempirical BRDF models, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 38, 977-998, 2000.


  • Hu, B., W. Lucht, A. Strahler, C. Schaaf, and M. Smith. Surface albedos and angle-corrected NDVI from AVHRR observations of South America, Remote Sens. Environ., 71, 119-132, 2000.


  • Lucht, W., C.B. Schaaf, A.H. Strahler, and R. P. d'Entremont. Remote sensing of albedo using the BRDF in relation to land surface properties, in: Observing Land From Space: Science, Customers and Technology, Eds. M.M. Verstraete, M. Menenti, and J. Peltoniemi, Advances in Global Change Research Book Series, No. 4, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 341 pp., 175-186, 2000.


  • Friedl, M., C. Woodcock, S. Gopal, D. Muchoney, A. Strahler and C. Barker Schaaf. A Note on Procedures for Accuracy Assessment in Land Cover Maps Derived from AVHRR Data, Int. J. Remote Sens., 21, 1073-1077, 2000.


  • Diner, D.J, G.P Asner, R. Davies, Y. Knyazikhin, J-P. Muller, A. Nolin, B. Pinty, C.B. Schaaf, and J. Stoeve, New directions in Earth observing: Scientific applications of multi-angle remote sensing. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 80,2209-2228, 1999.


  • d'Entremont, R. E., C. L. Barker Schaaf, W. Lucht, and Alan H. Strahler. Retrieval of red spectral albedo and bidirectional reflectance using AVHRR HRPT and GOES satellite observations of the New England region, J. Geophys. Res., D-104, 6229-6239, 1999.


  • Wanner, W., Strahler, A. H., Hu, B., Lewis, P., Muller, J.-P., Li, X., Barker Schaaf, C. L., and Barnsley, M. J., 1997, Global retrieval of BRDF and albedo over land from EOS MODIS and MISR data: Theory and algorithm, J. Geophys. Res., vol. 102, pp. 17143-17162.

  • Schaaf, C. Barker, Li, X., and Strahler, A.H., 1994: Topographic Effects on Bidirectional and Hemispherical Reflectances Calculated with a Geometric-Optical Model. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 32, 1186-1193.

  • Schaaf, C. Barker, and Strahler, A.H., 1994: Validation of Bidirectional and Hemispherical Reflectances from a Geometric-Optical Model Using ASAS Imagery and Pyranometer Measurements of a Spruce Forest. Remote Sensing Environ., 49, 138-144.

  • Schaaf, C. Barker, and Strahler, A.H., 1993: Solar zenith angle effects on forest canopy hemispherical reflectances calculated with a geometric-optical bidirectional reflectance model. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 31, 921-927.

  • Scuderi, L.A., Schaaf, C. Barker, Orth, K.U., and Band, L.E., 1993: Alpine treeline growth variability: Simulation using an ecosystem process model. Arctic and Alpine Research, 25, 175-182.

  • Lambin, E.F., Cashman, P., Moody, A., Parkhurst, B.H., Pax, M.H., and Schaaf, C. Barker, 1993: Agricultural production monitoring in the Sahel using remote sensing: Present possibilities and research needs. J. Environ. Management, 38, 301-322.

  • Shimada, I., Schaaf, C. Barker, Thompson, L., and Mosley-Thompson, E., 1991: Cultural impacts of severe droughts in the prehistoric Andes: application of a 1500-year ice core precipitation record. World Arch., 22 247-270.

  • Schaaf, C. Barker, Wurman, J. and R. M. Banta, 1988: Thunderstorm-producing terrain features. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 69, 272-277.

  • Banta, R. M. and C. Barker Schaaf, 1987: Thunderstorm genesis zones in the Colorado Rocky Mountains as determined by traceback of geosynchronous satellite images. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 463-476.


    THESES

  • Schaaf, C. Barker, 1994: Modeling the Direct-Beam Instantaneous Spectral Surface Albedo of a Forested Landscape using Geometric-Optics and a Distributed Parameter Approach. Ph.D. dissertation, Boston University, Boston, MA.


  • Schaaf, C. Barker, 1988: Establishment and demise of Moche V: Assessment of the climatic impact. M.L.A. thesis, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 125pp.


  • Barker, C. L., 1982: Variation in tropical wind patterns (1968-1979). S.M. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, 56pp.



    • CONFERENCE PAPERS, ABSTRACTS, AND TECHNICAL REPORTS

  • Schaaf, C., A. Strahler J. Salomon, Z. Jiao, Y. Shuai J. Liu, X. Li, and F. Gao The MODIS BRDF/Albedo Products for Climate Studies, 19th AMS Conference on Hydrology, San Diego, CA, 9-13 Jan. 2005.


  • King, M.D., E.G.Moody, S. Platnick, and C. Schaaf, Spatially Complete Global Surface Albedos Derived from Terra/MODIS Data, 19th AMS Conference on Hydrology, San Diego, CA, 9-13 Jan. 2005.


  • Schaaf, C., F. Gao, A. Strahler, J. Salomon, and Y. Jin, MODIS Albedo and Surface Reflectance Products From Combined Aqua and Terra Processing, American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, 11-16 Dec., San Francisco, CA, 2003.


  • Strahler, A., C. Schaaf, F. Gao, Y. Jin, X. Li, X. Zhang, W. Lucht, J.-P. Muller, M. Barnsley, P. Lewis, S. Liang, D. Roy and J. Privette, MODIS Global Albedo, Bidirectional Reflectance, and Nadir BRDF-Adjusted Reflectance Products--Improvements and Applications. International Geosciences and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2003 (IGARSS'03), 21-25 July, Toulouse, France, 2003.


  • Schaaf, C., F. Gao, A. Strahler, Y. Jin, X. Li, X. Zhang, W. Lucht, J.-P. Muller, M. Barnsley, P. Lewis, S. Liang, D. Roy and J. Privette, Reprocessed MODIS BRDF, Albedo, and Nadir Surface Reflectance Products: Quality and Applications. EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, 6-11 April, Nice, France, 2003.


  • Gao, F., C. Schaaf, A. Strahler, Y. Jin, X. Zhang, X. Li, W. Lucht, Retrieving BRDF/albedo with limited samples - an evaluation of the current MODIS BRDF/albedo backup algorithm and recent improvements.EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, 6-11 April, Nice, France, 2003.


  • Tsvetsinskaya, E., C. Schaaf, F. Gao, A.H. Strahler, R. Dickinson, X. Zeng and W. Lucht: Spatial Variability in MODIS-derived Surface Albedo over Global Arid and Semiarid Regions, 14th AMS Conference on Global Change and Climate Variations, 9-13 February, Long Beach, California, 2003.


  • Zhang, X., M. Friedl, C. Schaaf, A. Strahler, J. Hodges, and F. Gao, Mapping Global Vegetation Phenology Using 1 km MODIS Data, Proceedings, 15th AMS Conference of Biometeorology and Aerobiology, Kansas City, Missouri, 28 Oct - 1 Nov, 2002.


  • Schaaf, C. B., A. H. Strahler, F. Gao, W. Lucht, X. Li, X. Zhang, Y. Jin, E. Tsvetsinskaya, J.-P. Muller, P. Lewis, M. Barnsley, G. Roberts, C. Doll, S. Liang, J. L. Privette, and D. Roy, Global Albedo, BRDF and Nadir BRDF-Adjusted Reflectance Products from MODIS, Proceedings of the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS'02), Toronto, Canada, 24-28 June, 2002.


  • Zhang, X., C. B. Schaaf, M. A. Friedl, A. H. Strahler, F. Gao, and J. C. F. H. Hodges, MODIS Tasseled Cap Transformation and Its Utility, Proceedings of the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS'02), Toronto, Canada, 24-28 June, 2002.


  • Zhang, X., M. A. Friedl, C. B. Schaaf,A. H. Strahler, J. C. F. Hodges and F. Gao, Using MODIS Data to Study the Relation Between Climatic Spatial Variability and Vegetation Phenology in Northern High Latitudes, Proceedings of the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS'02), Toronto, Canada, 24-28 June, 2002.


  • Tsvetsinskaya E., C. Schaaf, F. Gao, A.H. Strahler, R. Dickinson, and X. Zeng: Improving the representation of arid regions of northern Africa and the Arabian peninsula in climate models by incorporating MODIS derived surface albedo. Proceeding of the 13th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations, 13-17 January, Orlando, Florida, J278-J280, 2002.


  • Moody, E.G., S. Platnick, M. D. King, C. B. Schaaf, A Global White-Sky Surface Albedo Data Set Derived From Terra MODIS Data Proceedings, 29th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of the Environment 8-12 April, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2002.


  • Schaaf, C. B., F. Gao, A. H. Strahler, W. Lucht, X. Li, X. Zhang, Y. Jin, E. Tsvetsinskaya, J.-P. Muller, P. Lewis, M. Barnsley, G. Roberts, C. Doll, S. Liang, D. Roy, and Jeff Privette, Land Surface Albedo, Nadir BRDF-Adjusted Reflectance, and BRDF Product from the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Proceedings, 11th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, AMS, Madison, WI, 15-18 October, 2001.


  • Jin, Y., F. Gao, C. Schaaf, A. Strahler, C. Bruegge, J. Martonchik, D. Diner, A Synergistic Surface BRDF/Albedo Retrieval with MODIS and MISR Observations: 1. Intercomparison, Proceedings, 11th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, AMS, Madison, WI, 15-18 October, 2001.


  • Schaaf, C. B., A. H. Strahler, F. Gao, W. Lucht, X. Li, X. Zhang, Y. Jin, E. Tsvetsinskaya, J.-P. Muller, P. Lewis, M. Barnsley, G. Roberts, C. Doll, S. Liang, and J. L. Privette, MODIS Operational Bidirectional Reflectance and Albedo Products, Proc. Int. Geosci. Remote Sens. Symp. (IGARSS'01), Sydney, Australia, 9-13 July, 2001.


  • Doll, C., J.-P. Muller, C. Schaaf, A. Strahler, F. Gao, Mapping Urban Landcover Using the BRDF/Albedo Product from the EOS-MODIS Instrument, Proc. Int. Geosci. Remote Sens. Symp. (IGARSS'01), Sydney, Australia, 9-13 July, 2001.


  • Zhang, X., J. C. F. Hodges, C. B. Schaaf, M. A. Friedl, A. H. Strahler, and F. Gao, Global Vegetation Phenology from AVHRR and MODIS Data. Global Vegetation Phenology from AVHRR and MODIS Data, Proc. Int. Geosci. Remote Sens. Symp. (IGARSS'01), Sydney, Australia, 9-13 July, 2001.


  • Schaaf, C. B., A. H. Strahler, F. Gao, W. Lucht, X. Li, X. Zhang, Y. Jin, E. Tsvetsinskaya, J.-P. Muller, P. Lewis, M. Barnsley, G. Roberts, C. Doll, S. Liang, and J. L. Privette, Operational Bidirectional Reflectance and Albedo Products from the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Abstract, IGBP Global Change Open Science Conference in Amsterdam, Netherlands, 9-13 July, 2001.


  • Schaaf, C. , A. H. Strahler, F. Gao, W. Lucht, X. Li, J.-P. Muller, P. Lewis, M. Barnsley, P. Hobson, M. Disney, G. Roberts, M. Dunderdale, C. Doll, Land Surface Spectral Bidirectional Reflectance and Albedo from the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Abstract, American Geophysical Union Spring Meeting, Boston, MA, 29 May - 2 June, 2001.


  • Schaaf, C. B., F. Gao, A. Straler, W. Lucht, T. Tsang, N. Strugnell, X. Li, X. Zhang, J-P. Muller, P. Lewis, M. Barnsley, P. Hobson, M. Disney, M. Dunderdale, G, Roberts, C. Doll and S. Liang. Temporal Characteristics of the MODIS BRDF/Albedo Product. Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Physical Measurements and Signatures in Remote Sensing, Aussois, France, 8-12 January, 233-238, 2001.


  • Li, X., F. Gao, A. Strahler, and C. Schaaf. Bidirectional NDVI and Atmosphere-coupled BRDF Inversion, Abstract, American Geophysical Union Spring Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 15-19 Dec, 2000.


  • Schaaf, C. B., A. H. Strahler, F. Gao, W. Lucht, X. Li, J-P. Muller, P. Lewis, M. Barnsley, P. Hobson, M. Disney, M. Dunderdale, G. Roberts and C. Doll. The MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) BRDF and Albedo Product, Abstract,American Geophysical Union Spring Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 15-19 Dec, 2000.


  • Strahler, A., C. Schaaf, M. Friedl, W. Lucht, F. Gao, X. Zhang, D. McIver, J.C.F. Hodges. The use of MODIS Nadir BRDF-adjusted reflectances to monitor phenological activity, Abstract, International Conference on Progress in Phenology in Freising, Germany, 4-6 October, 2000.


  • Schaaf, C. B., F. Gao, A. Strahler, T. Tsang, W. Lucht, N. Strugnell, X. Li, J.-P. Muller, P. Lewis, M. Barnsley, P. Hobson, M. Disney, M. Dunderdale, and G. Roberts, The MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) BRDF and Albedo Product: Preliminary Results, Proc. Int. Geosci. Remote Sens. Symp. (IGARSS'00), Waikiki Beach, Hawaii, 24 - 28 June, 2000.


  • Gao, F., X. Li, A. Strahler, and C. Schaaf, Acquiring A Priori Knowledge from Ground and Spacebourne BRDF Measurements, Proc. Int. Geosci. Remote Sens. Symp. (IGARSS'00), Waikiki Beach, Hawaii, 24 - 28 June, 2000.


  • Li, X., F. Gao, J. Wang, A. Strahler, W. Lucht and C. Schaaf, Parameter Error Propagation in BRDF Derived by Fitting Multiple Angular Observations at a Single Sun Position, Proc. Int. Geosci. Remote Sens. Symp. (IGARSS'00), Waikiki Beach, Hawaii, 24 - 28 June, 2000.


  • Zhang, X., C. Schaaf, F. Gao, M. Friedl, A. Strahler, and J. Hodges, Mapping Land Cover and Green Vegetation Abundance using MODIS-Like Data: A Case Study of New England, Proc. Int. Geosci. Remote Sens. Symp. (IGARSS'00), Waikiki Beach, Hawaii, 24 - 28 June, 2000.


  • Schaaf, C. B., F. Gao, A. Strahler, T. Tsang, W. Lucht, N. Strugnell, X. Li, J.-P. Muller, P. Lewis, M. Barnsley, P. Hobson, M. Disney, M. Dunderdale, and G. Roberts, Initial Results from the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) BRDF and Albedo Product, abstract, American Geophysical Union Spring Meeting, Washington DC, 30 May -2 June, 2000.


  • Schaaf, C.B., A. Strahler, W. Lucht, T. Tsang, F. Gao, X. Li, N. Strugnell, L. Chen, Y. Liu, D. McIver, J.-P. Muller, P. Lewis, M. Barnsley, M. Disney, P. Hobson, M. Dunderdale, and G. Roberts, The at-launch MODIS BRDF/Albedo Product, abstract, International Workshop on Multi-angular Measurements and Models (IWMMM-2),Ispra, Italy, 15-17 Sept, 1999.


  • Gao, F., X. Li, A. Strahler, and C. Schaaf, Comparison and validation of the new Li-Transit Kernel, abstract, International Workshop on Multi-angular Measurements and Models (IWMMM-2),Ispra, Italy, 15-17 Sept, 1999.


  • Li, X., F. Gao, J. Wang, A. Strahler, A Priori knowledge accumulation and its application to constrain inversion of kernel-driven linear BRDF models, abstract, International Workshop on Multi-angular Measurements and Models (IWMMM-2),Ispra, Italy, 15-17 Sept, 1999.


  • Strugnell, N.C., W. Lucht, and C. Schaaf, Classification and description of land surface BRDF forms, abstract, International Workshop on Multi-angular Measurements and Models (IWMMM-2),Ispra, Italy, 15-17 Sept, 1999.


  • Strugnell, N. C., W. Lucht, and C. Schaaf, Global land surface albedo for climate modelling, abstract, International Workshop on Satellite Remote Sensing and Climate Simulations: Synergies and Limitations, Les Diablerets, Switzerland, 20-24 Sept, 1999.


  • Schaaf, C. B., W. Lucht, T. Tsang, F. Gao, N. Strugnell, L. Chen, Y. Liu, and A.H. Strahler, Prototyping the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) BRDF and Albedo Product, Proc. Int. Geosci. Remote Sens. Symp. (IGARSS'99), Hamburg, Germany, 28 June - 2 July, 1506-1508, 1999.

  • Hodges, J.C.F., C.B. Schaaf, D.M. Muchoney, D. McIver, M. Friedl, H. Chi, and A.H. Strahler, Data simulation impacts on MODIS land cover classification development, Proc. Int. Geosci. Remote Sens. Symp. (IGARSS'99), Hamburg, Germany, 28 June - 2 July, 1999.

  • Lucht, W., C. Schaaf, and A. H. Strahler, BRDF and albedo retrieval from space in relation to land surface modelling, Proc. Int. Conference/Workshops Ocean Colour, Land Surf., Rad. Clouds, Aerosols, Meribel, France, LS-P-04, 4 pp., 1999.


  • Schaaf, C. B., W. Lucht, R. P. d'Entremont, and A. H. Strahler, Relationship between land surface properties and BRDF/albedo parameters using satellite data, Proc. Int. Geosci. Rem. Sens. Symp. 98, 1277-1279, Seattle, WA, 6-10 July, 1998.


  • Hu, B., W. Lucht, C. B. Schaaf, A. H. Strahler, and M. Smith, Albedos and angle-corrected NDVI for the Brazilian LBA study area from AVHRR multiangular reflectance inversions, Proc. Int. Geosci. Rem. Sens. Symp. 98, 1292-1294, Seattle, WA, 6-10 July, 1998.


  • Lucht, W., C. B. Schaaf, A. H. Strahler, J.-P. Muller, B. Hu, P. Lewis, Y. Liu, A. H. Hyman, X. Li, M. J. Barnsley, N. C. Strugnell, and R. P. d'Entremont (5), At-launch status of the MODIS BRDF/albedo algorithm: implementation, AVHRR-based prototyping, and future plans, Proc. Int. Geosci. Rem. Sens. Symp. 98, 1289-1291, Seattle, WA, 6-10 July, 1998.


  • Strahler, A., d'Entremont, R., Lucht, W. W., Hu, B., and Schaaf, C., 1997. The MODIS BRDF/Albedo product: Prototyping albedo retrieval using AVHRR and GOES. Proceedings of the 1996 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Singapore, August 3-8 1997. Vol. III, pp. 1220-1223.


  • Strahler, A. H., Wanner, W., Schaaf, C. B., Li, X., Hu, Muller, J.-P., Lewis, P., and Barnsley, M. J., 1996. MODIS BRDF/albedo product: Algorithm theoretical basis document, version 4.0. NASA MPTE EOS MODIS Technical Document, 252 pp.


  • d'Entremont, R.P., Schaaf, C.B., and Strahler, A., 1996, Cloud detection and land-surface albedos using visible and near-infrared bidirectional reflectance distribution models, Proc. Amer. Met. Soc. Satellite. Met. Conf., January, 1996, Atlanta, GA, pp. 334-338.


  • d'Entremont, R.P., Schaaf, C.B., and Strahler, A.H., 1996: Using Infrared Cloud Clearing Techniques in the Estimation of AVHRR-Based Bidirectional Reflectance Distributions Functions. Proceedings, Eighth Conference on Satellite Meteorology a nd Oceanography, Atlanta, GA, 28 Jan.-2 Feb. 1996.


  • Berendes, T.A., Welch, R.M., Trepte, Q., Schaaf, C.B., and Baum, B.A., 1996: The EOS CERES Global Cloud Mask. Proceedings, Eighth Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, Atlanta, GA, 28 Jan.-2 Feb. 1996.


  • Robb, R., Schaaf, C.B., Peduzzi, D., and Ward, J., 1995: Enhanced Satellite Cloud Analysis by the Development of a Higher Resolution (6-km) Global Geography Data Set. Proceedings, Cloud Influences on DOD Systems (CIDOS95), Hanscom AFB MA, 24-26 Oct. 1995.


  • d'Entremont, R.P., Schaaf, C.B., and Strahler, A.H., 1995: Cloud Detections Using Visible and Near-Infrared Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Models. Proceedings, Cloud Influences on DOD Systems (CIDOS95), Hanscom AFB MA, 24-26 Oct. 1995.


  • d'Entremont, R.P., Schaaf, C.B., and Strahler, A.H., 1995: Cloud Detection and Land-Surface Albedos Using Visible and Near-Infrared Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Models. Proceedings, European Symposium on Satellite Remote Sensing (SPIE), Paris, France, 25-29 Sept. 1995.


  • Wanner, W., Strahler, A.H., Li, X., Muller, J-P, Barnsley, M., Lewis, P., and Schaaf, C.B., 1995: Global Mapping of the Bidirectional Reflectance and Albedo fo the EOS MODIS Project: The Algorithm and the Product. Proceedings, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS '95), Florence, Italy, 10-14 July 1995.


  • Schaaf, C. Barker, Li, X., and Strahler, A.H., 1994: Using a geometric-optical model to calculate the bidirectional and hemispherical reflectance of forested slopes. Proceedings, European Symposium on Satellite Remote Sensing (SPIE), Rome, Italy, 26-30 Sept. 1994.


  • Schaaf, C. Barker, and Strahler, A.H., 1994: Validation of Canopy Bidirectional Reflectance Models with ASAS Imagery of a Spruce Forest in Maine. Proceedings, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS '94), Pasadena, CA, 8-12 August 1994.


  • Ward, J.M., Peduzzi, D.C., and Schaaf, C.Barker, 1994: Development of 6-KM Geography and Terrain Elevation Databases for Satellite Cloud Analysis. Proceedings, Seventh Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, Monterey, CA, 6-10 June 1994.


  • Schaaf, C. Barker, and Strahler, A.H., 1994: Simulating the Bidirectional and Hemispherical Reflectance of Mountainous and Forested Scenes with a Geometric-Optical Model. Proceedings, Seventh Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, Monterey, CA, 6-10 June 1994.


  • Schaaf, C. Barker, and Strahler, A.H., 1993: Validation of a bidirectional reflectance and spectral albedo model using ASAS imagery and pyranometer measurements of a spruce forest. Proceedings of the Workshop on Atmospheric Correction of Landsat Imagery, Torrance (Los Angelos), CA, 29 June - 1 July, 1993.


  • Schaaf, C. Barker, and Strahler, A.H., 1993: Modeling the bidirectional reflectance and spectral albedo of a conifer forest. Proceedings, 25th International Symposium on Remote Sensing and Global Environmental Change, Graz, Austria, 4-8 April 1993.


  • Schaaf, C. Barker, Li, X., and Strahler, A.H., 1992: Effects of solar zenith angle on forest canopy albedos calculated with a geometric-optical model. Proceedings, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Houston, TX, 26-29 May, 1992.


  • Ward, J.M., Muench, H.S., Griffin, M.K., Gustafson, G.B., Schaaf, C. Barker, and d'Entremont, R.P., 1992: Development of 6 km global terrain elevation data for satellite-based cloud analysis models. Preprints, Sixth Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, Atlanta, GA, 5-9 January, 1992.


  • Schaaf, C. Barker, Ward, J.M., Muench, H.S., d'Entremont, R. P., Griffin, M. K., Gustafson, G.B., and Bunting, J. T., 1990: The hemispheric eighth mesh terrain elevation and geography data sets. GL-TR-90-0223. Geophysics Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, 11pp.


  • Schaaf, C. Barker, Ward, J. M., d'Entremont, R. P., Griffin, M. K., Gustafson, G. B., and J. T. Bunting, 1990: Effects of terrain elevations on the RTNEPH IR satellite processor. Preprints, Fifth Conference on Mountain Meteorology, Boulder, CO.


  • d'Entremont, R. P., Moncet, J-L., Miller, T.R., Griffin, M. K., Thomason, L., Bunting, J. T., and Schaaf, C. Barker, 1989: An outline for the RTNEPH infrared atmospheric water vapor attenuation study. GL-TR-89-0344. Geophysics Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, 39pp.


  • d'Entremont, R. P., Gustafson, G. B., Bunting, J. T., Griffin, M. K., Schaaf, C. Barker, Nowak, P. L., Ward, J. M., and R. S. Hawkins, 1989: Comparisons between the RTNEPH and AFGL cloud layer analysis algorithms. GL-TR-89-0175. Geophysics Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, 63pp.


  • Schaaf, C. Barker, Wurman, J. and R. M. Banta, 1986: Satellite climatology of thunderstorm initiation sites in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado and northern New Mexico. AFGL-TR-86-0075. Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, 44pp.


  • Schaaf, C. Barker, and R. M. Banta, 1986: Characteristics of orographically initiated convection. Proc. WMO/CSU/IAMAP Scientific Conference on Results of the Alpine Experiment (ALPEX), WMO Geneva, Switzerland, 687-696.


  • Barker, C. L. and R. M. Banta, 1985: Preferred regions of thunderstorm initiation over the Colorado Rockies. Preprints, Fourteenth Conference on Severe Local Storms, Indianapolis, IN, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 17 -20.


  • Barker, C. L. and R. M. Banta, 1984: The initiation of thunderstorms in the Colorado Rocky Mountains during the summer of 1983. Preprints, Third Conference on Mountain Meteorology, Portland, OR, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 134-137.


  • Banta, R. M. and C. L. Barker, 1984: On the nowcasting of mountain-generated thunderstorm systems. Preprints, Nowcasting II Symposium, Norrkoping, Sweden, 9-13.


  • Barker, C. L. and R. M. Banta, 1984: The role of mesoscale convergence on convective cloud initiation in montainous terrain. Preprints, Tenth Conference on Weather Forecasting and Analysis, Clearwater Beach, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 555-558.


    • CV last modified:5 April 2010