Book
Perception
and
Knowledge:
A
Phenomenological
Account. Cambridge
University Press, 2011.

Papers
How to Think About
Nonconceptual Content, The
New
Yearbook for
Phenomenology and Phenomenological Philosophy 10 (2010): 1-24.
This
paper
provides
a
general
account
of
what
nonconceptual content is, and some considerations in favor of its
existence. After
distinguishing between the contents and objects of mental states, as
well as
the properties of being conceptual and being conceptualized, I argue
that what
is phenomenologically distinctive about conceptual content is that it
is not
determined by, and does not determine, the intuitive character of an
experience. That is, for virtually any experience E
with intuitive character I,
there is no conceptual content C such
that undergoing E entails that one is
entertaining C, and that for virtually
any conceptual content C, there is no
experience E with intuitive character
I such that entertaining C entails
that one is undergoing E. I then argue that while
perceptual
states and conceptual states can, and in certain cases must, have the
same
objects, they have different sorts of intentional contents. Perception,
I
argue, has two kinds of mutually dependent contents that can be varied
independently of any conceptual content: intuitive content and
horizonal
content. I finish by distinguishing between the manner in which
intuitive
contents “fulfill” conceptual contents in epistemic fulfillment, and
the manner
in which they fulfill empty horizonal contents in intuitive fulfillment.
Perception,
forthcoming
in
S.
Luft
and
S.
Overgaard,
eds., The
Routledge
Companion
to
Phenomenology.
An overview, written for non-specialists, of some of the central
features of Husserl's, Merleau-Ponty's, and Gurwitch's theories of
perception.
Conceptualism and the
Myth of the Given, European Journal of Philosophy 17
(2009): 363-385. Also available here.
Content
Conceptualism is
the view according to which the only kind of representational content,
including the content of perceptual states, is conceptual content. The principal consideration in its favor
is that it alone intelligibly explains how perceptual states justify
beliefs. Underwriting this
argument is Epistemic Conceptualism, according to which only mental
states with
conceptual content can provide reasons for or justify beliefs. This paper argues against Epistemic
Conceptualism. More specifically,
this paper argues that because mental states with the same conceptual
content
can differ in phenomenologically obvious and epistemically relevant
ways, one
cannot explain the distinctive reason-giving role of perceptual
experiences in
terms of their conceptual content alone. The
price the Epistemic Conceptualist must pay to deny this,
moreover,
is that she must water down the notion of conceptual content so much
that the
resulting position is hardly distinguishable from the ‘Myth of the
Given’.
Husserl, Dummett, and
the Linguistic Turn, Grazer Philosophische Studien 78
(2009), 17-40. Also available here.
Michael
Dummett
famously
holds
that
the
“philosophy of thought” must proceed
via the
philosophy of language, since that is the only way to preserve the
objectivity
of thoughts while avoiding commitments to “mythological,” Platonic
entities. Central to Dummett’s
case is his thesis that all thought contents are linguistically
expressible. In this paper,
I will (a) argue that making
the linguistic turn is neither necessary nor sufficient to avoid the
problems
of psychologism, (b) discuss Wayne Martin’s argument that not all
thought-contents are linguistically communicable, and (c) present
another,
stronger argument, derived from Husserl’s early account of fulfillment,
that
establishes the same conclusion.
Reply
to Heffernan, Husserl
Studies 25 (2009), 45-49. Also available here.
This is a response to George Heffernan's marvelous reply to my
"Phenomenology and Fallibility." Check out Heffernan's contributions here
and here.
Phenomenology and
Fallibility, Husserl Studies 25 (2009): 1-14. Also
available
here.
If
Husserl
is
correct,
phenomenological
inquiry
produces
knowledge
with
an extremely high level of epistemic warrant or
justification.
However, there are several good reasons to think that we are highly
fallible at
carrying out phenomenological inquiries. It is extremely difficult to
engage in
phenomenological investigations, and there are very few substantive
phenomenological claims that command a widespread consensus. I
introduce a distinction between method-fallibility and
agent-fallibility, and
use it to argue that the fact that we are fallible phenomenologists
does not
undermine Husserl’s claims concerning the epistemic value of
phenomenological
inquiry. I will also defend my account against both internalist and
externalist
objections.
Husserl, Phenomenology,
and Foundationalism, Inquiry 51 (2008): 194-216. Also
available here.
Husserl is often
taken,
and not without reason, to endorse the view that phenomenology’s task
is to
provide the “absolute foundation” of human knowledge. The most natural
interpretation of this view is what I call
Epistemological-Phenomenological Foundationalism (EPF), according to
which all human
knowledge depends for its justification, at least in part, on
phenomenological
knowledge. I argue that this view is philosophically untenable, and
that Husserl himself held no such view. I distinguish between (a)
reasons which justify the content of one's beliefs and (b) reasons in
virtue of which one's states of believing are justified, and argue that
Bonjour's famous argument against foundationalism conflates them. I
argue that internalism with respect to (a) is plausible, while
internalism with respect to (b) is not. I then argue that if EPF were
true, then internalism with respect to (b) would have to be true. I
then present evidence that Husserl did not endorse that sort of
internalism. Phenomenology's
task is to discover the laws in virtue of which ordinary belief states
are justified, not to provide justifying reasons in support of their
contents. I conclude with a discussion of a few of the
ways in which phenomenology positively contributes to human knowledge.
Minimalist
Truth
and
Realist
Truth,
Philosophia Christi 10 (2008): 87-100.
In this paper I examine and reject
Alston’s minimalist realism. According to minimalist realism,
anyone
who grasps the “conceptual necessity” of any arbitrary instance of the
schema “The
proposition that p is true if and only if p” will thereby have acquired
a
realist conception of truth. After
clarifying the sense in which Alston’s theory is ‘minimal’, I argue
that, given
plausible constraints on a realist theory of truth, grasping the
necessity of
any instance of the T-schema is far from sufficient to qualify as an
alethic
realist. I conclude with a
discussion of the motivations behind and desirability of a minimalist
theory of
truth.
Husserl
on
Sensation,
Perception,
and
Interpretation, Canadian Journal of Philosophy
38 (2008): 219-246. Also available here.
In this paper I argue that Husserl's theory of perception,
according to which perception involves the "interpretation" of
intrinsically non-intentional sensory or "hyletic" data, is flawed in
many ways. First, it requires Husserl to conflate perception and
fulfullment, despite the fact that fufillment is a complex,
higher-order act. Second, Husserl's theory is founded upon a
misconception of sensations as features of mental acts that literally
resemble the sense-perceptible features that they are of. Third,
Husserl never successfully manages to specify just what
"interpretation" is, and some of his remarks on the topic are
inconsistent. I argue that the phenomenological facts that his theory
is designed to explain, particularly object-constancy, can be explained
in terms of the role of horizons in perception.
Review Essay of J.N.
Mohanty's The Philosophy of Edmund Husserl, Graduate
Faculty Philosophy Journal 29 (2008): 175-84.
This is exactly what it sounds like. The main topics are
Mohanty's take on Husserl's platonism, his theory of the noema, and his
idealism.